Measurement and control system of quantum computer and quantum computer

Abstract

The utility model discloses a measurement and control system of a quantum computer and the quantum computer. The system comprises a signal generation unit, a signal monitoring unit and a quantum analyzer, the signal generation unit is used for generating a first signal to a quantum bit in a quantum processing unit of the quantum computer so as to perform a corresponding effect on the quantum bit; the input end of the signal monitoring unit is connected with the signal generation unit, and the output end is connected with the quantum analyzer and the quantum processing unit. The coupling unit is used for coupling out the first signal part, demodulating the first signal part, outputting the demodulated first signal part to the quantum analyzer, and outputting the rest first signal part to the quantum processing unit; and the quantum analyzer is used for collecting and analyzing the demodulated signal output by the signal monitoring unit. According to the utility model, the real-time monitoring of the first signal can be realized, and in the monitoring process, the connection relationship of the measurement and control system of the quantum computer does not need to be additionally changed, so that the risk of misconnection possibly existing in the recovery circuit after inspection is also avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of quantum information technology, in particular to a measurement and control system of a quantum computer and a quantum computer. Background Art

[0002] In current quantum computers, users interact with quantum measurement and control systems through host computers and gigabit Ethernet switches. Specifically, the host computer transmits the arbitrary waveform required to be transmitted to the arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) in the quantum measurement and control system. The quantum analyzer in the quantum measurement and control system collects the signal of the quantum processing unit and sends the collected signal to the host computer for analysis and processing, thereby obtaining the current state of the quantum bit. During the experiment, when it is suspected that there is a software or hardware problem that causes the actual AWG emission waveform to not meet expectations, it is necessary to check the experimental waveform to find out the cause of the failure.

[0003] In a typical example of verification and troubleshooting, it is assumed that the cavity frequency of the quantum bit has been found, and now its energy spectrum is found. In the control signal path, the AWG first transmits a control waveform, which is mixed with the pulse signal emitted by the microwave source into a high-frequency signal (i.e., the control signal) to enter the quantum processing unit, trying to excite the quantum bit, and then uses the read-in signal transmission module to transmit the read-in signal to the quantum bit to read the state of the cavity and then read the state of the quantum bit. Among them, the read-in signal transmission module includes an AWG (which is not the same AWG as the AWG on the control signal path) and an IQ mixer. The waveform emitted by the AWG is mixed with the pulse signal emitted by the microwave source by the IQ mixer to obtain the read-in signal. When the energy spectrum is not scanned out, the following situations are generally suspected: 1. The control signal is not sent; 2. The read-in signal is not sent; 3. The relative order of the read-in signal and the control signal is incorrect.

[0004] In the above verification and troubleshooting process, in order to check whether the signal meets expectations, the general solution is to change the connection line, connect the output port of the AWG directly to an external oscilloscope, and use the oscilloscope to check whether the actual output waveform is consistent with the waveform generated by the software in theory, and whether the time sequence between the signals is correct. The implementation process of such a checking scheme is relatively slow, especially when there are many quantum bits, the number of channels to be checked increases, more lines need to be changed, and there is also the risk of incorrect connection of the restored circuit after inspection, which is inefficient and not conducive to expansion. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present utility model is proposed to provide a quantum computer measurement and control system and a quantum computer that overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the utility model provides a measurement and control system for a quantum computer, comprising: a signal generating unit, a signal monitoring unit and a quantum analyzer;

[0007] The signal generating unit is used to generate a first signal to a quantum bit in a quantum processing unit of a quantum computer, so as to perform a corresponding action on the quantum bit;

[0008] The input end of the signal monitoring unit is connected to the signal generating unit, and the output end is connected to the quantum analyzer and the quantum processing unit respectively; the signal monitoring unit is used to couple out a part of the first signal generated by the signal generating unit, output it to the quantum analyzer after demodulation, and output the rest of the first signal to the quantum processing unit;

[0009] The quantum analyzer is used to collect and analyze the demodulated signal output by the signal monitoring unit to monitor the first signal.

[0010] In one embodiment, a signal monitoring unit comprises: a signal distribution device and a demodulation mixer; wherein:

[0011] The signal distribution device is connected between the signal generation unit and the quantum processing unit;

[0012] The input end of the demodulation mixer is connected to the signal distribution device and the signal generation unit respectively, and the output end of the demodulation mixer is connected to the quantum analyzer;

[0013] The signal distribution device is used to couple out a part of the first signal generated by the signal generating unit and output it to the demodulation mixer, and output the rest of the first signal to the quantum processing unit;

[0014] The demodulation mixer is used to demodulate the first signal coupled from the signal distribution device and then output it to the quantum analyzer;

[0015] The quantum analyzer is further used to collect and analyze the first signal demodulated by the demodulation mixer to monitor the first signal.

[0016] In one embodiment, the signal generating unit comprises: an arbitrary waveform generator, an IQ mixer, and a microwave source;

[0017] The input end of the IQ mixer is connected to the arbitrary waveform generator and the microwave source respectively; the output end of the IQ mixer is connected to the signal distribution device;

[0018] The input end of the demodulation mixer is respectively connected to the quantum processing unit, the output end of the signal distribution device and the microwave source, and the output end of the demodulation mixer is connected to the quantum analyzer;

[0019] The arbitrary waveform generator is used to transmit a baseband signal to the IQ mixer, the microwave source outputs a local oscillator signal to the IQ mixer, and the IQ mixer mixes the baseband signal with the local oscillator signal and then outputs the first signal to the signal distribution device;

[0020] The demodulation mixer is specifically used to mix the first signal output by the signal distribution device with the local oscillator signal output by the microwave source, down-convert it into a signal that can be collected and analyzed by the quantum analyzer, and output it to the quantum analyzer.

[0021] In one embodiment, the signal monitoring unit includes: a signal distribution module, a combiner and a demodulation mixer;

[0022] The combiner is arranged between the signal distribution module and the demodulation mixer;

[0023] The signal distribution module includes a plurality of signal distribution devices; the plurality of signal distribution devices are connected to the combiner;

[0024] The plurality of signal distribution devices are respectively connected to the output ends of the multi-channels of the signal generating unit; each of the signal distribution devices is used to couple out a part of the first signal of the corresponding channel;

[0025] The combiner is used to combine and output the signals obtained by coupling multiple signal distribution devices;

[0026] The demodulation mixer is used to demodulate the signal output by the combiner after combination and then input it into the quantum analyzer.

[0027] In one embodiment, the signal generating unit specifically includes: an arbitrary waveform generating module, an IQ mixing module and a microwave source;

[0028] The arbitrary waveform generation module includes a plurality of arbitrary waveform generators;

[0029] The IQ mixing module includes a plurality of IQ mixers;

[0030] The multiple IQ mixers in the IQ mixing module are respectively connected to the multiple arbitrary waveform generators in the arbitrary waveform generating module and the output ends of the microwave source multi-channel to form multiple first signal generating channels; wherein the input end of each of the IQ mixers is respectively connected to the microwave source and the arbitrary waveform generator of the same channel; the output end of each of the IQ mixers is respectively connected to the input end of the signal distribution device of the same channel of the signal distribution module;

[0031] The input end of the demodulation mixer is respectively connected to the quantum processing unit, the output end of the combiner and the microwave source, and the output end of the demodulation mixer is connected to the quantum analyzer;

[0032] The arbitrary waveform generator is used to transmit a baseband signal to the IQ mixer, the microwave source is used to output a local oscillator signal to the IQ mixer, and the IQ mixer is used to mix the baseband signal with the local oscillator signal and output the first signal to the signal distribution device;

[0033] The microwave source is further used to output a local oscillator signal for demodulating the first signal to the demodulation mixer;

[0034] The demodulation mixer is specifically used to mix the first signal output by the combiner after combination with the local oscillator signal for demodulating the first signal, and down-convert it into a signal that can be collected and analyzed by quantum analysis.

[0035] In one embodiment, the signal generating unit specifically includes: an arbitrary waveform generating module, an IQ mixing module, and a microwave source;

[0036] The arbitrary waveform generation module comprises an arbitrary waveform generator having a multi-channel output terminal;

[0037] The IQ mixing module includes a plurality of IQ mixers;

[0038] The multiple IQ mixers in the IQ mixing module are respectively connected to the output ends of the multi-channels of the arbitrary waveform generation module and the output ends of the multi-channels of the microwave source to form multiple first signal generation channels; wherein the input end of each of the IQ mixers is respectively connected to the output ends of the microwave source and the arbitrary waveform generator of the same channel; the output end of each of the IQ mixers is respectively connected to the input end of the signal distribution device of the same channel of the signal distribution module;

[0039] The input end of the demodulation mixer is respectively connected to the quantum processing unit, the output end of the combiner and the microwave source, and the output end of the demodulation mixer is connected to the quantum analyzer;

[0040] The arbitrary waveform generator is used to transmit a baseband signal to the IQ mixer, the microwave source is used to output a local oscillator signal to the IQ mixer, and the IQ mixer is used to mix the baseband signal with the local oscillator signal and output the first signal to the signal distribution device;

[0041] The microwave source is further used to output a local oscillator signal for demodulating the first signal to the demodulation mixer;

[0042] The demodulation mixer is specifically used to mix the signal output after the combination of the combiner with the local oscillator signal for demodulating the first signal, and down-convert it into a signal that can be collected and analyzed by quantum analysis.

[0043] In one embodiment, the local oscillator signal output by the microwave source to the IQ mixer or the IQ mixing module is the same as the local oscillator signal output to the demodulation mixer.

[0044] In one embodiment, the signal distribution device is a power splitter or a directional coupler.

[0045] In one embodiment, the first signal is a read-in signal, and the signal generating unit is used to generate a read-in signal to a quantum bit in the quantum processing unit to read the state of the quantum bit.

[0046] In one embodiment, the measurement and control system is a measurement and control system in a superconducting quantum computer, and the quantum processing unit is a superconducting quantum chip.

[0047] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the utility model provides a quantum computer, comprising: a measurement and control system and a quantum processing unit of the quantum computer as described above;

[0048] The signal monitoring unit in the measurement and control system is connected to the quantum processing unit, and is used to couple out a part of the first signal emitted by the signal generating unit in the measurement and control system, and output it to the quantum analyzer for collection and analysis after demodulation, and output the remaining first signal to the quantum processing unit for corresponding action on the quantum bit.

[0049] In one embodiment, the measurement and control system of the quantum computer further includes: a host computer;

[0050] The host computer is respectively connected to the signal sending unit and the quantum analyzer in the measurement and control system;

[0051] The host computer is used to control the signal generating unit to generate a first signal; and monitor whether the first signal is sent and whether it is abnormal according to the signal collected and analyzed by the quantum analyzer.

[0052] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution provided by the embodiment of the utility model at least include:

[0053] In the measurement and control system of the quantum computer provided by the embodiment of the utility model, a signal monitoring unit is connected between the signal generating unit and the quantum analyzer, a part of the first signal is coupled out by the signal monitoring unit, and is output to the quantum analyzer after demodulation, so that the quantum analyzer can collect and analyze the signal, thereby realizing real-time monitoring of the first signal, improving the efficiency of monitoring the first signal, and, in addition, since there is no need to change the connection relationship of the measurement and control system of the quantum computer during the monitoring process, the risk of wrong connection that may exist in the recovery circuit after inspection is also avoided.

[0054] Furthermore, the signal monitoring unit includes a signal distribution device and a demodulation mixer. The signal distribution device can couple out a part of the first signal. The coupled first signal is mixed with the signal output by the microwave source through the demodulation mixer, and down-converted into an intermediate frequency signal that can be collected by the quantum analyzer. Since the microwave source of the same frequency is used for up-conversion and down-conversion, the signal collected by the quantum analyzer and the signal emitted by the AWG have the same frequency and the same timing. There are some changes in amplitude but they are completely linearly corresponding, which can ensure the consistency of the monitored signal with the baseband signal originally emitted by the AWG. The embodiment of the utility model can also monitor whether the IQ mixer and the microwave source in the high-frequency line are working normally.

[0055] Furthermore, the embodiment of the utility model also achieves the expansion and integration of the structure of the measurement and control system through a multi-channel signal distribution module, a combiner and a demodulation mixer. The design of the combiner reduces the demand for microwave source channels from a hardware perspective, simplifies the structure and saves hardware costs.

[0056] Other features and advantages of the utility model will be described in the subsequent description, and partly become apparent from the description, or understood by practicing the utility model. The purpose and other advantages of the utility model can be realized and obtained by the structures specifically pointed out in the written description, claims, and drawings.

[0057] The technical solution of the utility model is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0058] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0059] Figure 1This is an architecture diagram of a measurement and control system for a quantum computer in the prior art;

[0060] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the measurement and control system of the quantum computer in the embodiment of the utility model;

[0061] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a measurement and control system of a quantum computer in a single-channel case for monitoring signals in Embodiment 1 of the present utility model;

[0062] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a measurement and control system of a quantum computer in a multi-channel situation for monitoring signals in the second embodiment of the present utility model;

[0063] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the architecture for monitoring control signals in the measurement and control system of the quantum computer of the utility model;

[0064] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the measurement and control system of a quantum computer in the case of a single channel for monitoring a control signal according to the utility model;

[0065] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the architecture of a measurement and control system for a quantum computer in a multi-channel situation in which the utility model monitors control signals;

[0066] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the architecture for monitoring the read-in signal in the measurement and control system of the quantum computer of the utility model;

[0067] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the measurement and control system of a quantum computer in a single-channel case for monitoring control signals and read-in signals according to the utility model;

[0068] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the architecture of a measurement and control system for a quantum computer in a multi-channel situation in which the utility model monitors control signals and read-in signals;

[0069] Fig.11 A block diagram of the structure of a quantum computer provided in an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0070] Description of reference numerals:

[0071] 1. Control signal generating unit; 2. Control signal monitoring unit; 3. Quantum analyzer; 4. First signal distribution device; 5. Demodulation mixer; 6. First arbitrary waveform generator; 7. First IQ mixer; 8. Microwave source; 9. First signal distribution module; 10. First combiner; 11. First arbitrary waveform generating module; 12. First IQ mixer; 13. Second arbitrary waveform generator; 14. Second IQ mixer; 15. Second signal distribution device; 16. Demodulation mixer; 17. Second arbitrary waveform generating module ; 18. Second IQ mixer module; 19. Second combiner; 20. Host computer; 21. Switch; 22. Quantum processing unit; 23. Second signal distribution module; 24. Measurement and control system of quantum computer; 25. Read-in signal generating unit; 26. Read-in signal monitoring unit; 27. Signal distribution device; 28. IQ mixer; 29. ​​Arbitrary waveform generator; 33. Arbitrary waveform generating module; 34. Signal monitoring unit; 35. Signal generating unit; 36. IQ mixer module; 37. Signal distribution module; 38. Combiner. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0072] The exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0073] The inventors of the present application have discovered that if it is suspected that the arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) does not output a control signal, or the output control signal does not meet expectations, the solution is to change the connection line of the AWG, connect its output port directly to an external oscilloscope, and use the oscilloscope to check whether the actual output waveform is consistent with the waveform theoretically generated by the software.

[0074] The architecture of the existing quantum computer measurement and control system, refer to Figure 1 As shown, the control signal is sent by the AWG, mixed and modulated by the IQ mixer and the high-frequency signal sent by the microwave source, and then up-converted to, for example, the 4GHz-8GHz range before entering the quantum processing unit. When the signal needs to be checked, the connection between the AWG and the IQ mixer needs to be disconnected, and the connection line needs to be changed to the AWG directly connected to the oscilloscope. Because the cost of high-bandwidth (above 4GHz) oscilloscopes is very high, generally only the signal sent by the AWG before mixing is checked (generally the frequency range is several hundred MHz). This inspection method is inefficient, and changing the line back and forth will also bring other risks, such as the possibility of wrong connection when restoring the measurement and control line, and repeated twisting of the RF connector will loosen or deform and damage it.

[0075] Based on the above problems, the embodiments of the utility model provide an improved measurement and control system for a quantum computer to solve the above problems, realize automatic and real-time signal monitoring, improve the efficiency of signal monitoring, and avoid the problems that the prior art may cause wrong connection when restoring the measurement and control circuit, and the radio frequency connector may become loose or deformed and damaged due to repeated twisting.

[0076] The present invention provides a quantum computer measurement and control system 24, referring to Figure 2 As shown, it includes: a signal generating unit 35, a signal monitoring unit 34, and a quantum analyzer 3; wherein:

[0077] The signal generating unit 35 is used to generate a first signal to the quantum processing unit 22 of the quantum computer (see Figure 3 ) in the quantum bit, and performing corresponding actions on the quantum bit;

[0078] The input end of the signal monitoring unit 34 is connected to the signal generating unit 35, and the output end is connected to the quantum processing unit 22 and the quantum analyzer 3 respectively; the signal monitoring unit 34 is used to couple out a part of the first signal generated by the signal generating unit 35, output it to the quantum analyzer 3 after demodulation, and output the rest of the first signal to the quantum bit of the quantum processing unit 22;

[0079] The quantum analyzer 3 is used to collect and analyze the demodulated signal output by the signal monitoring unit 34 .

[0080] In some embodiments, the quantum analyzer 3 can collect and simply analyze the demodulated signal, and then output it to the upper level host computer 20 (see Fig. 9 ) performs further analysis and logical judgment to determine whether the first signal is sent correctly, etc.

[0081] In some other embodiments, the quantum analyzer 3 has complex analysis and judgment functions, and after collecting and analyzing the demodulated signal, it can directly further analyze and judge whether the first signal is correctly sent, etc. That is, the functions of the host computer 20 are integrated.

[0082] In the present application, the "first" in the first signal does not mean the order or the like. The first signal refers to a certain signal in the quantum computer. For example, but not limited to, the first signal refers to a control signal or a read-in signal in the measurement and control system of the quantum computer. For those skilled in the art, it is understandable that the first signal can be any suitable signal in the quantum computer, and as long as it is based on the technical concept of the present application, it should fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0083] When the quantum computer is, for example, a superconducting quantum computer, the control signal is a microwave signal, which is used to control the quantum bit, for example, to control the quantum bit to rotate arbitrarily around the X and Y axes of the Bloch sphere. When the frequency of the control signal is equal to the frequency of the quantum bit, the quantum bit will be excited. The frequency range of the control signal is, for example, 4 GHz to 8 GHz. It is understandable that when the quantum computer is a quantum computer of other suitable types other than a superconducting quantum computer, the control signal may also correspond to a signal of other frequencies, which is not limited in this application.

[0084] When the quantum computer is, for example, a superconducting quantum computer, the read-in signal is a microwave signal, the frequency of the read-in signal is equal to the frequency of the measurement resonant cavity used to read the quantum bit state, and the state of the quantum bit can be determined according to the change of the read-out signal output by the quantum processing unit 22 relative to the read-in signal. The frequency range of the read-in signal is, for example, 4 GHz to 8 GHz. It can be understood that when the quantum computer is a quantum computer of another suitable type other than a superconducting quantum computer, the read-in signal may also correspond to a signal of other frequencies, which is not limited in the present application.

[0085] In a superconducting quantum computer, reading the state of a qubit is usually achieved through a measurement resonant cavity (also called a readout resonant cavity) coupled to the qubit.

[0086] The measurement cavity is a microwave resonator whose frequency is designed to be related to the state of the qubit. When you want to read the state of the qubit, you send a microwave signal of a specific frequency to the measurement cavity - this is the so-called "read signal". The frequency of this signal is usually set to be equal to the frequency of the cavity.

[0087] If the qubit is in the "|0>" state, the cavity's response will be different from when it is in the "|1>" state. By measuring the cavity's response (such as the amplitude or phase change of the microwave signal), the state of the qubit can be determined.

[0088] This readout strategy is based on the "weak measurement" principle of quantum mechanics and aims to minimize the disturbance of the measurement process to the state of the quantum bit.

[0089] In the measurement and control system 24 of the quantum computer provided in the embodiment of the utility model, the signal monitoring unit 34 is connected between the signal generating unit 35 and the quantum analyzer 3, and a part of the first signal is coupled out by the signal monitoring unit 34, and is output to the quantum analyzer 3 after demodulation, so that the quantum analyzer 3 can collect and analyze the signal, thereby realizing real-time monitoring of the first signal and improving the monitoring efficiency. In addition, since there is no need to change the connection relationship of the measurement and control system of the quantum computer during the monitoring process, the risk of wrong connection that may exist in the recovery circuit after inspection is also avoided.

[0090] Embodiment 1:

[0091] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 3 As shown, the signal monitoring unit 34 in the measurement and control system 24 of the quantum computer, for example but not limited to, specifically includes: a signal distribution device 27 and a demodulation mixer 5; wherein:

[0092] The signal distribution device 27 is connected between the signal generation unit 35 and the quantum processing unit 22;

[0093] The input end of the demodulation mixer 5 is connected to the signal distribution device 37 and the signal generation unit 35 respectively, and the output end of the demodulation mixer 5 is connected to the quantum analyzer 3;

[0094] The signal distribution device 27 is used to couple out a part of the first signal generated by the signal generation unit 35 to output it to the quantum analyzer 3 for analyzing and monitoring the first signal, and output the rest of the first signal to the quantum bits of the quantum processing unit 22 to perform corresponding actions;

[0095] A demodulation mixer 5 is used to demodulate the first signal coupled from the signal distribution device 27 and output it to the quantum analyzer 3;

[0096] The quantum analyzer 3 is further used to collect and analyze the first signal demodulated by the demodulation mixer 5 to monitor the first signal.

[0097] The signal distribution device 27 may be implemented, for example, by a power divider or a directional coupler, etc. However, the signal distribution device 27 may also be other suitable types of electronic devices.

[0098] The main function of a power divider is to divide an input signal into multiple output signals; the structure of a power divider generally consists of an input end, an output end, a reflection end, a resonant cavity and an electromagnetic element. The working principle and structure of a power divider can be referred to in the prior art.

[0099] A directional coupler is a passive, reciprocal four-port device, one of which is isolated from the input port. Ideally, all four ports are perfectly matched and the circuit is lossless. Directional couplers can be implemented in a variety of ways, such as microstrip, stripline, coaxial, and waveguide.

[0100] Directional couplers are usually implemented by utilizing the distributed characteristics of microwave circuits. Signal coupling usually occurs at a quarter wavelength or its integer multiple. In these distributed couplers, the energy and field of two adjacent partial circuits interact, coupling the signal from one circuit structure to another. The specific structure and implementation principle can refer to the existing technology.

[0101] Accordingly, continue to refer to Figure 3 As shown, the signal generating unit 35, for example but not limited to, specifically includes: an arbitrary waveform generator 33, an IQ mixer 28, and a microwave source 8; wherein:

[0102] The input end of the IQ mixer 28 is connected to the arbitrary waveform generator 33 and the microwave source 8 respectively; the output end of the IQ mixer 28 is connected to the signal distribution device 27;

[0103] The microwave source 8 is used to provide microwave signals to the IQ mixer 28 and the demodulation mixer 5;

[0104] The input end of the demodulation mixer 5 is respectively connected to the quantum processing unit 22, the output end of the signal distribution device 27 and the microwave source 8, and the output end of the demodulation mixer 5 is connected to the quantum analyzer 3;

[0105] The demodulation mixer 5 is specifically used to mix the first signal output by the signal distribution device 27 with the local oscillator signal output by the microwave source 8, down-convert it into a signal that can be collected and analyzed by the quantum analyzer 3, and output it to the quantum analyzer 3.

[0106] In the first embodiment, the microwave signal output by the microwave source 8 to the IQ mixer 7 is the same as the microwave signal output to the demodulation mixer 5 .

[0107] In the demodulation mixer 5, the output signal is equal to the product of the input signal, and the product in the time domain corresponds to the convolution in the frequency domain. In the embodiment of the utility model, it is possible to down-convert the high frequency carrier into an intermediate frequency signal.

[0108] The arbitrary waveform generator 33 (AWG for short) is a signal source that can generate any desired waveform. It can generate the desired waveform using digital data (such as control parameters) sent by the connected host computer.

[0109] The IQ mixer 28 is composed of two mixers, with an internal bridge, and sideband suppression is achieved on the basis of the mixer. The intermediate frequency IF is composed of I and Q channels, and the LO has a bridge inside, which is composed of two mixers. When the IQ mixer is used for up-conversion, it is also called a sideband suppression mixer, and a bridge is added to the IF port. By selecting the input bridge port, the upper sideband or lower sideband of the radio frequency is selected; the LO local oscillator leakage can be adjusted by adjusting the IQ bias voltage; the sideband suppression is adjusted by the balance of the IQ two channels. The specific structure of the IQ mixer can refer to the prior art.

[0110] In the measurement and control system 24 of the quantum computer provided in the embodiment of the utility model, a signal distribution device 27 is provided between the IQ mixer 28 and the quantum processing unit 22. After the baseband signal emitted by the arbitrary waveform generator 33 is mixed with the local oscillator signal emitted by the microwave source 8, before entering the quantum processing unit 22, the signal distribution device 27 can couple out a part of the first signal, and a part of the first signal enters the quantum processing unit 22. The coupled first signal is connected to the demodulation mixer 5, mixed with the microwave signal output by the microwave source 8, and down-converted into a signal that can be collected by the quantum analyzer 3, for example The intermediate frequency signal (frequency is several hundred MHz). Since the microwave source 8 provides a microwave signal of the same frequency to up-convert the baseband signal output by the arbitrary waveform generator 33 and down-convert the first signal output by the IQ mixer 28, the signal collected by the quantum analyzer 3 and the signal emitted by the arbitrary waveform generator 33 have the same frequency and the same timing. There are some changes in the amplitude, but they are also completely linearly corresponding. In this way, the consistency of the monitored signal and the first signal originally emitted by the arbitrary waveform generator 33 can be guaranteed, and real-time monitoring of the first signal originally emitted by the arbitrary waveform generator 33 can be realized.

[0111] At the same time, due to the above Figure 3 The architecture shown includes a part that modulates the first signal (IQ mixer 28 and microwave source 8). The signal distribution device 27, the demodulation mixer 5 and the quantum analyzer 3 can also be used to check whether there are problems with the high-frequency line (IQ mixer 28 and microwave source 8), such as whether the performance of the IQ mixer 28 is normal, whether the microwave source 8 is transmitting normally, whether the frequency used is correct, etc.

[0112] The process of real-time monitoring of the first signal by the measurement and control system 24 of the quantum computer is briefly described as follows:

[0113] The arbitrary waveform generator 33 transmits the required baseband signal, which usually includes two parts: an I signal and a Q signal. The baseband signal is input to the IQ mixer 28, in which it is mixed with the local oscillator signal output by the microwave source 8 to generate a high-frequency signal. After a part of the first signal is coupled out by the signal distribution device 27, the coupled first signal is connected to the demodulation mixer 5, and then mixed with the local oscillator signal output by the microwave source 8, and down-converted into a signal that can be collected by the quantum analyzer 3, such as an intermediate frequency signal (frequency is several hundred MHz). When there is a problem with the baseband signal emitted by the arbitrary waveform generator 33, or there is a problem with the IQ mixer 28, or the microwave source 8 does not emit a microwave signal normally, the host computer 20 connected to the quantum analyzer 3 can be informed in real time.

[0114] Embodiment 2:

[0115] In the second embodiment of the present invention, for a multi-qubit measurement and control circuit, it is necessary to expand and integrate the structure of the measurement and control system 24 of the above-mentioned first embodiment.

[0116] Accordingly, refer to Figure 4 As shown, the signal monitoring unit 34 includes: a signal distribution module 37, a combiner 38, and a demodulation mixer 5; wherein:

[0117] The combiner 38 is arranged between the signal distribution module 37 and the demodulation mixer 5;

[0118] The signal distribution module 37 includes a plurality of signal distribution devices 27; the plurality of signal distribution devices 27 are connected to the combiner 38;

[0119] A plurality of signal distribution devices 27 are respectively connected to the output ends of the multiple channels of the signal generating unit 35; each of the signal distribution devices 27 is used to couple out a portion of the first signal of the corresponding channel and output the remaining first signal to the quantum processing unit 22;

[0120] A combiner 38, used for combining the first signals obtained by coupling the plurality of signal distribution devices 27 and outputting the combined signals;

[0121] The demodulation mixer 5 is used to demodulate the first signal outputted after the combination by the combiner 38 and then input it into the quantum analyzer 3 .

[0122] Similar to the first embodiment, the signal distribution device 27 can be implemented by, for example, a power divider or a directional coupler.

[0123] The signal generating unit 35, referring to Figure 4 As shown, it specifically includes: an arbitrary waveform generation module 33, an IQ mixing module 36 and a microwave source 8;

[0124] The input end of the demodulation mixer 5 is respectively connected to the quantum processing unit 22, the output end of the combiner 38 and the microwave source 8, and the output end of the demodulation mixer 5 is connected to the quantum analyzer 3;

[0125] The arbitrary waveform generating module 33 includes a plurality of arbitrary waveform generators 29; or, the arbitrary waveform generating module 33 includes an arbitrary waveform generator 29 with a multi-channel output terminal;

[0126] An IQ mixing module 36 including a plurality of IQ mixers 28;

[0127] The multiple IQ mixers 28 in the IQ mixing module 36 are respectively connected to the multiple arbitrary waveform generators 33 in the arbitrary waveform generating module 33 and the output ends of the multi-channels of the microwave source 8 to form multiple control signal generating channels (corresponding to the arbitrary waveform generating module 33, including the case of multiple arbitrary waveform generators 29); wherein the input end of each IQ mixer 28 is respectively connected to the output ends of the microwave source 8 and the arbitrary waveform generator 29 of the same channel; the output end of each IQ mixer 28 is respectively connected to the input end of the signal distribution device 27 of the same channel of the signal distribution module 27;

[0128] Alternatively, the connection method between the multiple IQ mixers 28 in the above-mentioned IQ mixing module 36 and the arbitrary waveform generating module 33 and the microwave source 8 can also be: the multiple IQ mixers 28 in the IQ mixing module 36 are respectively connected to the multi-channel output ends of the arbitrary waveform generating module 33 and the multi-channel output ends of the microwave source 8 to form multiple first signal generating channels (corresponding to the case where the arbitrary waveform generating module 33 includes an arbitrary waveform generator 29 with a multi-channel output end).

[0129] A microwave source 8, used for outputting a local oscillator signal for demodulation to a demodulation mixer 5;

[0130] When the combiner 38 is used to combine multiple first signals, the microwave source 8 outputs a local oscillator signal for demodulation, that is, each first signal is demodulated using the same local oscillator signal.

[0131] The demodulation mixer 5 is specifically used to mix the signal output by the combiner 38 after combination with the local oscillator signal of the first signal for demodulation output by the microwave source 8, and down-convert it into a signal that can be collected and analyzed by quantum analysis.

[0132] Figure 4In the system architecture shown, since multiple first signal transmission channels are required, the above-mentioned arbitrary waveform generating module 33 may include multiple arbitrary waveform generators 29, each arbitrary waveform generator 29 corresponds to one channel; or the arbitrary waveform generating module 33 itself includes an arbitrary waveform generator 29 with multi-channel output, and the multiple output channels of the arbitrary waveform generator 29 correspond to the multiple first signal transmission channels.

[0133] On the same channel, an output end of an arbitrary waveform generator 29 is connected to an input end of an IQ mixer 28 , and another input end of the IQ mixer 28 is connected to an output end of the microwave source 8 .

[0134] On the same channel, the output of the IQ mixer 28 is connected to the input of a signal distribution device 27 .

[0135] In this way, the combiner 38 will have multi-channel inputs, and the combiner 38 will combine the multi-channel signals and then output them. In this way, each channel uses a corresponding signal distribution device 27 (such as a directional coupler or a power divider), and all the first signals coupled out of the multi-channel signal distribution device 27 are combined through the combiner 38, and then the same microwave source 8 is used for down-conversion to obtain a signal that can be collected and analyzed by the quantum analyzer 3. This architecture not only realizes the expansion and integration of multi-qubit measurement and control circuits, but also reduces the demand for microwave source 8 channels in hardware, simplifies the structure, and saves hardware costs.

[0136] Figure 4 The system architecture shown has e.g. Figure 3 The single-channel system architecture shown has similar features and advantages, such as the ability to monitor multi-channel AWG transmission signals and monitor whether there are problems with multi-channel high-frequency lines.

[0137] The process of the measurement and control system of the above quantum computer performing real-time monitoring of the first signal is briefly described as follows:

[0138] The arbitrary waveform generator 29 in the arbitrary waveform generation module 33 transmits the required multi-channel baseband signals (IQ signals), which are respectively input into the IQ mixing module 36. In the IQ mixing module 36, each IQ mixer 28 mixes the baseband signals with the local oscillator signals (also referred to as microwave signals) output by the microwave source 8 to generate high-frequency signals. After each signal distribution device 27 in the signal distribution module 37 couples out a part of the first signal, the signals are combined to form one first signal. The first signal obtained after the combination is connected to the demodulation mixer 5, and then mixed with the local oscillator signal output by the microwave source 8, and down-converted into a signal that can be collected by the quantum analyzer 3, such as an intermediate frequency signal (with a frequency of several hundred MHz). When there is a problem with the baseband signal emitted by the arbitrary waveform generation module 33, or there is a problem with the IQ mixing module 36, or the microwave source 8 fails to emit microwave signals normally, the host computer 20 connected to the quantum analyzer 3 can be informed in real time. In the above-mentioned second embodiment, the microwave signal outputted by the microwave source 8 to the IQ mixing module 36 is the same as the microwave signal outputted to the demodulation mixer 5 .

[0139] In the following, the three situations of monitoring the control signal, monitoring the read-in signal, and monitoring the control signal and the read-in signal in the measurement and control system 24 of the quantum computer of the present invention will be described as examples.

[0140] Example of a single channel case where the control signal is monitored:

[0141] The present invention provides a quantum computer measurement and control system 24, referring to Figure 5 As shown, it includes: a control signal generating unit 1, a control signal monitoring unit 2 and a quantum analyzer 3; wherein:

[0142] A control signal generating unit 1, used to generate a control signal for manipulating the quantum bits in the quantum processing unit 22 of the quantum computer;

[0143] The input end of the control signal monitoring unit 2 is connected to the control signal generating unit 1, and the output end is connected to the quantum processing unit 22 and the quantum analyzer 3 respectively; the control signal monitoring unit 2 is used to couple out a part of the control signal generated by the control signal generating unit 1, output it to the quantum analyzer 3 after demodulation, and output the rest of the control signal to the quantum processing unit 22 for controlling the quantum bit;

[0144] The quantum analyzer 3 is used to collect and analyze the demodulated signal output by the control signal monitoring unit 2 .

[0145] In some embodiments, the quantum analyzer 3 can collect and simply analyze the demodulated signal, and then output it to the upper-level host computer 20 connected to the quantum analyzer 3 for further analysis and logical judgment, to determine whether the control signal is correctly sent, whether the order of the control signal and the read signal is correct, etc.

[0146] In some other embodiments, the quantum analyzer 3 has complex analysis and judgment functions. After collecting and analyzing the demodulated signal, it can directly further analyze and judge whether the control signal is correctly sent, whether the order of the control signal and the read signal is correct, etc. That is, the functions of the above-mentioned host computer 20 are integrated into one.

[0147] When the quantum computer is, for example, a superconducting quantum computer, the control signal is a microwave signal, which is used to control the quantum bit, for example, to control the quantum bit to rotate arbitrarily around the X and Y axes of the Bloch sphere. When the frequency of the control signal is equal to the frequency of the quantum bit, the quantum bit will be excited. The frequency range of the control signal is, for example, 4 GHz to 8 GHz. It is understandable that when the quantum computer is a quantum computer of other suitable types other than a superconducting quantum computer, the control signal may also correspond to a signal of other frequencies, which is not limited in this application.

[0148] In the measurement and control system 24 of the quantum computer provided in the embodiment of the utility model, the control signal monitoring unit 2 is connected between the control signal generating unit 1 and the quantum analyzer 3, and a part of the control signal is coupled out by the control signal monitoring unit 2, and is output to the quantum analyzer 3 after demodulation, so that the quantum analyzer 3 can collect and analyze the signal, thereby realizing real-time monitoring of the control signal and improving the monitoring efficiency. In addition, since there is no need to change the connection relationship of the measurement and control system 24 of the quantum computer during the monitoring process, the risk of wrong connection that may exist in the recovery circuit after inspection is also avoided.

[0149] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 6 As shown, the control signal monitoring unit 2 in the measurement and control system 24 of the quantum computer, for example but not limited to, specifically includes: a first signal distribution device 4 and a demodulation mixer 5; wherein:

[0150] The first signal distribution device 4 is connected between the control signal generating unit 1 and the quantum processing unit 22;

[0151] The input end of the demodulation mixer 5 is connected to the first signal distribution device 4 and the control signal generating unit 1 respectively, and the output end of the demodulation mixer 5 is connected to the quantum analyzer 3;

[0152] The first signal distribution device 4 is used to couple out a part of the control signal generated by the control signal generating unit 1 to output it to the quantum analyzer 3 for analyzing and monitoring the control signal, and output the rest of the control signal to the quantum bits of the quantum processing unit 22 for control operation;

[0153] A demodulation mixer 5, used for demodulating the control signal coupled from the first signal distribution device 4 and outputting it to the quantum analyzer 3;

[0154] The quantum analyzer 3 is further used to collect and analyze the control signal demodulated by the demodulation mixer 5, so as to monitor the control signal.

[0155] The first signal distribution device 4 may be implemented, for example, by a power divider or a directional coupler, etc. However, the first signal distribution device 4 may also be other suitable types of electronic devices.

[0156] Accordingly, continue to refer to Figure 6 As shown, the control signal generating unit 1, for example but not limited to, specifically includes: a first arbitrary waveform generator 6, a first IQ mixer 7 and a microwave source 8; wherein:

[0157] The input end of the first IQ mixer 7 is connected to the first arbitrary waveform generator 6 and the microwave source 8 respectively; the output end of the first IQ mixer 7 is connected to the first signal distribution device 4;

[0158] The microwave source 8 is used to provide microwave signals to the first IQ mixer 7 and the demodulation mixer 5;

[0159] The input end of the demodulation mixer 5 is respectively connected to the quantum processing unit 22, the output end of the first signal distribution device 4 and the microwave source 8, and the output end of the demodulation mixer 5 is connected to the quantum analyzer 3;

[0160] The demodulation mixer 5 is specifically used to mix the control signal output by the first signal distribution device 4 with the local oscillator signal (also called microwave signal) output by the microwave source 8, down-convert it into a signal that can be collected and analyzed by the quantum analyzer 3, and output it to the quantum analyzer 3.

[0161] In the first embodiment, the microwave signal (local oscillator signal) output by the microwave source 8 to the first IQ mixer 7 is the same as the microwave signal (local oscillator signal) output to the demodulation mixer 5 .

[0162] In the demodulation mixer 5, the output signal is equal to the product of the input signal, and the product in the time domain corresponds to the convolution in the frequency domain. In the embodiment of the utility model, it is possible to down-convert the high frequency carrier into an intermediate frequency signal.

[0163] An arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) is a signal source that can generate any desired waveform. It can generate the desired waveform using digital data (such as control parameters) sent by the connected host computer.

[0164] The IQ mixer is composed of two mixers with an internal bridge. Sideband suppression is achieved on the basis of the mixer. The intermediate frequency IF is composed of I and Q channels. There is a bridge inside the LO, and the interior is composed of two mixers. When the IQ mixer is used for up-conversion, it is also called a sideband suppression mixer, and a bridge is added to the IF port. By selecting the input bridge port, the upper sideband or lower sideband of the radio frequency can be selected; the LO local oscillator leakage can be adjusted by adjusting the IQ bias voltage; the sideband suppression can be adjusted by the balance of the IQ two channels. The specific structure of the IQ mixer can refer to the existing technology.

[0165] In the measurement and control system 24 of the quantum computer provided by the embodiment of the utility model, a first signal distribution device 4 is arranged between the first IQ mixer 7 and the quantum processing unit 22. After the baseband signal emitted by the first arbitrary waveform generator 6 is mixed with the local oscillator signal output by the microwave source 8 and before entering the quantum processing unit 22, the first signal distribution device 4 can couple out a part of the control signal, and a part of the control signal enters the quantum processing unit 22. The coupled control signal is connected to the demodulation mixer 5, mixed with the microwave signal output by the microwave source 8, and down-converted into a signal that can be collected by the quantum analyzer 3. For example, for an intermediate frequency signal (with a frequency of several hundred MHz), since the microwave source 8 provides a microwave signal of the same frequency to up-convert the baseband signal output by the first arbitrary waveform generator 6 and to down-convert the control signal output by the first IQ mixer 7, the signal sampled by the quantum analyzer 3 and the signal emitted by the first arbitrary waveform generator 6 have the same frequency and the same timing, and the amplitude varies but is completely linearly corresponding. In this way, the consistency of the monitored signal and the baseband signal originally emitted by the first arbitrary waveform generator 6 can be ensured, thereby realizing real-time monitoring of the original emission signal of the first arbitrary waveform generator 6.

[0166] At the same time, due to the above Figure 6 The architecture shown includes a part for modulating the control signal (the first IQ mixer 7 and the microwave source 8). The first signal distribution device 4, the demodulation mixer 5 and the quantum analyzer 3 can also be used to check whether there are problems with the high-frequency line (the first IQ mixer 7 and the microwave source 8), such as whether the performance of the first IQ mixer 7 is normal, whether the microwave source 8 transmits signals normally, whether the frequency used is correct, etc.

[0167] The process of real-time signal monitoring by the above-mentioned quantum measurement and control system is briefly described as follows:

[0168] The first arbitrary waveform generator 6 transmits the required baseband signal (I-channel signal and Q-channel signal), which is input into the first IQ mixer 7. In the first IQ mixer 7, the baseband signal is mixed with the microwave source 8 to generate a high-frequency signal. After a part of the control signal is coupled out by the first signal distribution device 4, the coupled control signal is connected to the demodulation mixer 5, and then mixed with the microwave signal output by the microwave source 8, and down-converted into a signal that can be collected by the quantum analyzer 3, such as an intermediate frequency signal (with a frequency of several hundred MHz). When there is a problem with the baseband signal emitted by the first arbitrary waveform generator 6, or there is a problem with the first IQ mixer 7, or the microwave source 8 does not transmit the signal normally, the host computer 20 connected to the quantum analyzer 3 can be informed in real time.

[0169] Example of multi-channel monitoring of control signals:

[0170] In the embodiment of the utility model, for a multi-qubit measurement and control circuit, it is necessary to expand and integrate the structure of the measurement and control system 24 of the above-mentioned single-channel embodiment.

[0171] Accordingly, refer to Figure 7 As shown, the control signal monitoring unit 2 comprises: a first signal distribution module 9, a first combiner 10 and a demodulation mixer 5; wherein:

[0172] The first combiner 10 is arranged between the first signal distribution module 9 and the demodulation mixer 5;

[0173] The first signal distribution module 9 includes a plurality of first signal distribution devices 4; the plurality of first signal distribution devices 4 are connected to the first combiner 10;

[0174] A plurality of first signal distribution devices 4 are respectively connected to the output ends of the multiple channels of the control signal generating unit 1; each of the first signal distribution devices 4 is used to couple out a part of the control signal of the corresponding channel, and output the rest of the control signal to the quantum processing unit 22;

[0175] A first combiner 10, used for combining and outputting control signals obtained by coupling of a plurality of first signal distribution devices 4;

[0176] The demodulation mixer 5 is used to demodulate the control signal output after the first combiner 10 combines and then input it into the quantum analyzer 3.

[0177] The first signal distribution device 4 may be implemented, for example, by a power divider or a directional coupler.

[0178] The control signal generating unit 1, referring to Figure 4 As shown, it specifically includes: a first arbitrary waveform generating module 11, a first IQ mixing module 12 and a microwave source 8;

[0179] The input end of the demodulation mixer 5 is respectively connected to the quantum processing unit 22, the output end of the first combiner 10 and the microwave source 8, and the output end of the demodulation mixer 5 is connected to the quantum analyzer 3;

[0180] The first arbitrary waveform generating module 11 includes a plurality of first arbitrary waveform generators 6; or, the first arbitrary waveform generating module 11 includes a first arbitrary waveform generator 6 with a multi-channel output terminal;

[0181] A first IQ mixing module 12, comprising a plurality of first IQ mixers 7;

[0182] The multiple first IQ mixers 7 in the first IQ mixing module 12 are respectively connected to the multiple first arbitrary waveform generators 6 in the first arbitrary waveform generating module 11 and the output ends of the multi-channels of the microwave source 8 to form multiple control signal generating channels (corresponding to the first arbitrary waveform generating module 11, including the case of multiple first arbitrary waveform generators 6); wherein the input end of each first IQ mixer 7 is respectively connected to the output ends of the microwave source 8 and the first arbitrary waveform generator 6 of the same channel; the output end of each first IQ mixer 7 is respectively connected to the input end of the first signal distribution device 4 of the same channel of the first signal distribution module 9;

[0183] Alternatively, the connection mode of the multiple first IQ mixers 7 in the above-mentioned first IQ mixing module 12 with the first arbitrary waveform generating module 11 and the microwave source 8 can also be: the multiple first IQ mixers 7 in the first IQ mixing module 12 are respectively connected to the multi-channel output ends of the first arbitrary waveform generating module 11 and the multi-channel output ends of the microwave source 8 to form multiple control signal generation channels (corresponding to the case where the first arbitrary waveform generating module 11 includes a first arbitrary waveform generator 6 with a multi-channel output end).

[0184] A microwave source 8, used for outputting a local oscillator signal for demodulation to a demodulation mixer 5;

[0185] When the first combiner 10 is used to combine multiple control signals, the microwave source 8 outputs a local oscillator signal for demodulation, that is, each control signal is demodulated using the same local oscillator signal.

[0186] The demodulation mixer 5 is specifically used to mix the control signal output by the first combiner 10 after combination with the local oscillator signal output by the microwave source 8 for demodulating the control signal, and down-convert it into a signal that can be collected and analyzed by quantum analysis.

[0187] Figure 4In the system architecture shown, since multiple control signal transmission channels are required, correspondingly, the above-mentioned first arbitrary waveform generating module 11 may include multiple first arbitrary waveform generators 6, each of which corresponds to one channel; or the first arbitrary waveform generating module 11 itself includes a first arbitrary waveform generator 6 with multi-channel output, and the multiple output channels of the first arbitrary waveform generator 6 correspond to the transmission channels of multiple control signals.

[0188] On the same channel, an output end of a first arbitrary waveform generator 6 is connected to an input end of a first IQ mixer 7 , and another input end of the first IQ mixer 7 is connected to an output end of a microwave source 8 .

[0189] On the same channel, the output of the first IQ mixer 7 is connected to the input of a first signal distribution device 4 .

[0190] In this way, the first combiner 10 will have multi-channel inputs, and the first combiner 10 will combine the control signals of the multi-channels and then output them. In this way, each channel uses a corresponding first signal distribution device 4 (such as a directional coupler or a power divider), and all the control signals coupled out of the multi-channel first signal distribution devices 4 are combined through the first combiner 10, and then the same microwave source 8 is used for down-conversion to obtain a signal that can be collected and analyzed by the quantum analyzer 3. This architecture not only realizes the expansion and integration of multi-qubit measurement and control circuits, but also reduces the demand for microwave source 8 channels in hardware, simplifies the structure, and saves hardware costs.

[0191] Figure 4 The system architecture shown has e.g. Figure 6 The single-channel system architecture shown has similar features and advantages, such as the ability to monitor multi-channel AWG transmission signals and monitor whether there are problems with multi-channel high-frequency lines.

[0192] The process of real-time monitoring of the control signal by the measurement and control system 24 of the above quantum computer is briefly described as follows:

[0193] The first arbitrary waveform generator 6 in the first arbitrary waveform generating module 11 transmits the required multi-channel baseband signals (I channel signal and Q channel signal), which are respectively input into the first IQ mixing module 12. In the first IQ mixing module 12, each first IQ mixer 7 mixes the signals with the microwave signals output by the microwave source 8 to generate high-frequency signals, and then each first signal distribution device 4 in the first signal distribution module 9 couples out a part of the control signal, and then combines the signals to form one control signal. The control signal obtained after combining is connected to the demodulation mixer 5, and then mixed with the microwave signal output by the microwave source 8, and down-converted into a signal that can be collected by the quantum analyzer 3, such as an intermediate frequency signal (frequency is several hundred MHz). When there is a problem with the signal emitted by the first arbitrary waveform generating module 11, or there is a problem with the first IQ mixing module 12, or the microwave source 8 does not transmit the signal normally, the host computer 20 connected to the quantum analyzer 3 can be informed in real time. In the above-mentioned second embodiment, the microwave signal outputted by the microwave source 8 to the first IQ mixer module 12 is the same as the microwave signal outputted to the demodulation mixer 5 .

[0194] The above-mentioned embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 both illustrate improvements to the channel of the control signal, which involve monitoring of the control signal. In the embodiment of the utility model, in addition to the above-mentioned improvements to the channel of the control signal, optionally, the channel of the read-in signal can also be improved in the same or similar manner.

[0195] Example of monitoring the read-in signal:

[0196] See also Figure 8 , Figure 8 The schematic diagram of the framework structure of an embodiment of the measurement and control system 24 of the quantum computer of the present application for monitoring the read-in signal. The measurement and control system 24 of the quantum computer includes: a read-in signal generating unit 25, a read-in signal monitoring unit 26, and a quantum analyzer 3. The input end of the read-in signal monitoring unit 26 is connected to the read-in signal generating unit 25, and the output end is connected to the quantum analyzer 3 and the quantum processing unit 22 respectively.

[0197] The read-in signal generating unit 25 is used to generate a read-in signal to the quantum processing unit 22 of the quantum computer to read the state of the quantum bit in the quantum processing unit 22;

[0198] The read-in signal monitoring unit 26 is used to couple out a part of the read-in signal generated by the read-in signal generating unit 25, output it to the quantum analyzer 3 after demodulation, and output the rest of the read-in signal to the quantum processing unit 22;

[0199] The quantum analyzer 3 is used to collect and analyze the demodulated signal output by the readout signal monitoring unit 26 to monitor the readin signal.

[0200] The quantum analyzer 3 is also used to collect and analyze the readout signal output by the quantum processing unit 22 to read the state of the quantum bit.

[0201] When the quantum computer is, for example, a superconducting quantum computer, the read-in signal is a microwave signal, the frequency of the read-in signal is equal to the frequency of the measurement resonant cavity used to read the quantum bit state, and the state of the quantum bit can be determined according to the change of the read-out signal output by the quantum processing unit 22 relative to the read-in signal. The frequency range of the read-in signal is, for example, 4 GHz to 8 GHz. It can be understood that when the quantum computer is a quantum computer of another suitable type other than a superconducting quantum computer, the read-in signal may also correspond to a signal of other frequencies, which is not limited in the present application.

[0202] In the measurement and control system 24 of the quantum computer provided in the embodiment of the utility model, the read-in signal monitoring unit 26 is connected between the read-in signal generating unit 25 and the quantum analyzer 3, and a part of the read-in signal is coupled out by the read-in signal monitoring unit 26, and is output to the quantum analyzer 3 after demodulation, so that the quantum analyzer 3 can collect and analyze the signal, thereby realizing real-time monitoring of the read-in signal and improving the monitoring efficiency. In addition, since there is no need to change the connection relationship of the measurement and control system 24 of the quantum computer during the monitoring process, the risk of wrong connection that may exist in the recovery circuit after inspection is also avoided.

[0203] For the sake of clarity and brevity, the separate description of the single-channel embodiment and the multi-channel embodiment for monitoring the read-in signal is omitted here, and the relevant description of the above-mentioned embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 can also be referred to, where the read-in signal is an embodiment of the first signal. In addition, the following relevant description of monitoring the control signal and the read-in signal at the same time can also be referred to, wherein the description of the relevant hardware, signal flow, etc. of the read-in signal is also applicable to the single-channel embodiment and the multi-channel embodiment for monitoring the read-in signal. For those skilled in the art, it is understandable.

[0204] Example of a single channel case for monitoring control and read-in signals:

[0205] The structure of a quantum computer measurement and control system with improved control and read signal paths can be found in Fig. 9For the convenience of explanation, in the above embodiments, the components in the control signal path are all referred to with the prefix "first", such as the first signal distribution device, the first arbitrary waveform generator, the first IQ mixer, etc. In the following embodiments of the utility model, the components in the control signal path are still the same as those in the above embodiments, while the components in the read signal path are referred to with the prefix "second". The above "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish different components.

[0206] Components that are not distinguished by "first" and "second" mean components that are common to the control signal path and the read signal path.

[0207] For the structure and function of the channel of the control signal of this embodiment (the structure and function of the first arbitrary waveform generator 6, the first IQ mixer 7, the first signal distribution device 4, the demodulation mixing module 16, etc. in the scheme for monitoring the control signal), reference may be made to the description of the previous embodiment and no further details will be given here.

[0208] Reference Fig. 9 As shown, the measurement and control system 24 of the quantum computer is further described based on the relevant structures of the control signal path and the relevant structures of the read-in signal path in the above embodiment. The read-in signal generating unit 25 includes: a second arbitrary waveform generator 13, a second IQ mixer 14, and a microwave source 8; the read-in signal generating unit 25 and the control signal generating unit 1 share the same microwave source 8; sharing the same microwave source 8 can save hardware costs. In some possible embodiments, the read-in signal generating unit 25 and the control signal generating unit 1 may not share the same microwave source 8, but use their own microwave sources 8, which is not limited by the embodiments of the utility model.

[0209] The input end of the read-in signal monitoring unit 26 is connected to the read-in signal generating unit 25, and the output end of the read-in signal monitoring unit 26 is respectively connected to the quantum processing unit 22 and the quantum analyzer 3; the read-in signal monitoring unit 26 is used to couple out a part of the read-in signal generated by the read-in signal generating unit 25, output it to the quantum analyzer 3 after demodulation, and output the rest of the read-in signal to the quantum processing unit 22.

[0210] Specifically, the read-in signal monitoring unit includes: a second signal distribution device 15 and a demodulation mixing module 16;

[0211] Because a single demodulation mixer can usually only process one signal (control signal or read signal), the read signal monitoring unit 26 and the control signal monitoring unit 2 respectively use corresponding demodulation mixers for demodulation. In specific implementation, from the hardware point of view, the demodulation mixer 5 corresponding to the read signal monitoring unit 26 and the demodulation mixer 5 corresponding to the control signal monitoring unit 2 can be integrated into the same module, that is, the demodulation mixer module 16. Of course, the demodulation mixer 5 included in the demodulation mixer module 16 may not be integrated.

[0212] A second signal distribution device 15, used for coupling out part of the read-in signal generated by the read-in signal generating unit 25;

[0213] The demodulation mixing module 16 is also used to demodulate the read signal coupled from the second signal distribution device 15 and output it to the quantum analyzer 3;

[0214] The quantum analyzer 3 is further used to collect and analyze the read-in signal demodulated by the demodulation mixing module 16, so as to monitor the read-in signal and / or monitor the relative order of the control signal and the read-in signal.

[0215] Similar to the path of the control signal, the microwave source 8 is used to provide a microwave signal to the second IQ mixer 14 and the demodulation mixing module 16 .

[0216] Reference Fig. 9 As shown, the input end of the demodulation mixing module 16 is respectively connected to the quantum processing unit 22, the output end of the first signal distribution device 4, the output end of the second signal distribution device 14 and the microwave source 8, and the output end of the demodulation mixing module 16 is connected to the quantum analyzer 3.

[0217] The demodulation mixer in the demodulation mixing module 16 is specifically used to mix the read signal coupled from the second signal distribution device 15 with the local oscillator signal output by the microwave source 8, down-convert it into a signal that can be collected and analyzed by the quantum analyzer 3, and output it to the quantum analyzer 3.

[0218] In this embodiment, the microwave signal (ie, the local oscillator signal) output by the microwave source 8 to the second IQ mixer 14 is the same as the microwave signal (ie, the local oscillator signal) output to the demodulation mixing module 16 .

[0219] The second signal distribution device 15 can be implemented, for example, by a power divider or a directional coupler. However, the second signal distribution device 15 can also be other suitable types of electronic devices. For the structure and corresponding functions of the power divider and the directional coupler, reference can be made to the description of the first embodiment.

[0220] The quantum analyzer 3 can collect and simply analyze the demodulated read-in signal, and then output it to the upper-level host computer 20 connected to the quantum analyzer 3 for further analysis and logical judgment, to determine whether the read-in signal is correct, whether the order of the control signal and the read-in signal is correct, etc.

[0221] In some other embodiments, the quantum analyzer 3 itself has complex analysis and judgment functions. After collecting and analyzing the demodulated read-in signal, it can directly perform further analysis and judgment to determine whether the read-in signal is correct, whether the order of the control signal and the read-in signal is correct, etc.

[0222] It should be noted that if only a single path is involved, such as only the improvement of the control signal path, a single demodulation mixer 5 can be used, but if both the control signal path and the read signal path are involved, the demodulation mixer module 16 includes multiple demodulation mixers 5 to respectively realize the demodulation of the control signal and the read signal.

[0223] exist Fig. 9 In the figure, the host computer 20 interacts with the microwave source 8, the first arbitrary waveform generator 6, the second arbitrary waveform generator 13 and the quantum analyzer 3 through the switch 21. In some embodiments, the host computer 20 can also interact with these devices directly without going through network devices such as switches, or it is also possible to interact with these devices through other suitable devices such as USB interfaces.

[0224] In the measurement and control system 24 of the quantum computer provided by the embodiment of the utility model, a second signal distribution device 15 is arranged between the second IQ mixer 14 and the quantum processing unit 22. After the read-in signal emitted by the second arbitrary waveform generator 13 is mixed with the microwave signal output by the microwave source 8 and before entering the quantum processing unit 22, the second signal distribution device 15 can couple out a part of the read-in signal, and a part of the read-in signal enters the quantum processing unit 22. The coupled read-in signal is connected to the demodulation mixing module 16, mixed with the microwave signal output by the microwave source 8, and down-converted into a signal that can be collected by the quantum analyzer 3, such as an intermediate frequency signal (frequency is several hundred MHz). Since the microwave source 8 provides a microwave signal of the same frequency, the mixed signal is transmitted to the quantum analyzer 3. The read signal output by the second arbitrary waveform generator 13 is up-converted and the read signal output by the second IQ mixer 14 is down-converted. Therefore, the signal collected by the quantum analyzer 3 and the signal emitted by the second arbitrary waveform generator 13 have the same frequency and the same timing. There are some changes in the amplitude, but they are also completely linearly corresponding. In this way, the consistency of the monitored read signal and the baseband signal originally emitted by the second arbitrary waveform generator 13 can be guaranteed, and the real-time monitoring of the signal originally emitted by the second arbitrary waveform generator 13 can be achieved, thereby improving the monitoring efficiency. In addition, since there is no need to change the connection relationship of the measurement and control system of the quantum computer during the monitoring process, the risk of wrong connection of the recovery circuit after inspection is also avoided.

[0225] Example of a multi-channel situation for monitoring control signals and read-in signals:

[0226] For the structure and function of the channel of the control signal of this embodiment (the structure and function of the first arbitrary waveform generating module 11, the first IQ mixing module 12, the first signal distribution module 9, the demodulation mixing module 16, etc. in the scheme for monitoring the control signal), reference may be made to the description of the aforementioned embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0227] Similar to the above-mentioned embodiment 2 and other embodiments, for the multi-qubit measurement and control circuit, it is necessary to expand and integrate the structure of the above-mentioned embodiment, and improve both the control signal channel and the read-in signal channel. Fig.10 As shown, the measurement and control system 24 of the quantum computer is further described based on the relevant structures of the control signal path and the relevant structures of the read-in signal path in the above-mentioned embodiment.

[0228] The read-in signal monitoring unit 26 includes: a second signal distribution module 23 and a second combiner 19, and a demodulation mixing module 16;

[0229] The second combiner 19 is arranged between the second signal distribution module 23 and the demodulation mixing module 16;

[0230] The second signal distribution module 23 includes a plurality of second signal distribution devices 15; the plurality of second signal distribution devices 15 are connected to the second combiner 19;

[0231] A plurality of second signal distribution devices 15 are respectively connected to the multi-channel output ends of the read-in signal generating unit 25; each of the second signal distribution devices 15 is used to couple out a portion of the read-in signal of the corresponding channel and output the remaining read-in signal to the quantum processing unit 22;

[0232] A second combiner 19, used for combining the signals coupled by the plurality of second signal distribution devices 15 and outputting the combined signals;

[0233] The demodulation mixer 5 is used to demodulate the signal output after the second combiner 19 combines and then input it into the quantum analyzer 3 .

[0234] Specifically, the read-in signal generating unit 25, for example, includes: a second arbitrary waveform generating module 17, a second IQ mixing module 18, and a microwave source 8;

[0235] The read-in signal generating unit 25 and the control signal generating unit 1 share the same microwave source 8;

[0236] Similar to the above-mentioned embodiment, the read-in signal generating unit 25 and the control signal generating unit 1 do not need to share the same microwave source 8 .

[0237] The input end of the demodulation mixing module 16 is respectively connected to the quantum processing unit 22, the output end of the second combiner 19 and the microwave source 8, and the output end of the demodulation mixing module 16 is connected to the quantum analyzer 3;

[0238] A second arbitrary waveform generating module 17, comprising a plurality of second arbitrary waveform generators 13;

[0239] A second IQ mixing module 18, comprising a plurality of second IQ mixers 14;

[0240] The multiple second IQ mixers 14 in the second IQ mixing module 18 are respectively connected to the multiple second arbitrary waveform generators 13 in the second arbitrary waveform generating module 17 and the output ends of the multi-channels of the microwave source 8 to form multiple read-in signal generating channels; wherein the input end of each second IQ mixer 14 is respectively connected to the output ends of the microwave source 8 and the second arbitrary waveform generator 13 of the same channel; the output end of each second IQ mixer 14 is respectively connected to the input end of the second signal distribution device 15 of the same channel of the second signal distribution module 23;

[0241] A microwave source 8, used for outputting a local oscillator signal for demodulating the input signal to the demodulation and mixing module;

[0242] Although multiple channels of input signals are involved, the demodulation mixing module uses the same local oscillator signal to demodulate the multiple channels of input signals.

[0243] The demodulation mixing module 16 is specifically used to mix the signal output after the second combiner 19 is combined with a local oscillator signal for demodulating the read signal, and down-convert it into a signal that can be collected and analyzed by quantum analysis;

[0244] The quantum analyzer 3 is also used to collect and analyze the read-in signal demodulated by the demodulation mixing module 16, so as to monitor the read-in signal and / or monitor the relative order of the control signal and the read-in signal.

[0245] The second arbitrary waveform generating module 17 may also include a second arbitrary waveform generator 13 with a multi-channel output end; although only one second arbitrary waveform generator 13 is used, the plurality of second IQ mixers 14 in the second IQ mixing module 18 are respectively connected to the multi-channel output ends of the second arbitrary waveform generating module 17 and the multi-channel output ends of the microwave source 8 to form a plurality of read-in signal generating channels. The specific structure can be referred to Fig.10 shown.

[0246] Fig.10 In the system architecture shown, since multiple transmission channels for read-in signals are required, correspondingly, the above-mentioned second arbitrary waveform generating module 17 may include multiple second arbitrary waveform generators 13, each second arbitrary waveform generator 13 corresponds to one channel; or the second arbitrary waveform generating module 17 itself includes a second arbitrary waveform generator 13 with multi-channel output, and the multiple output channels of the second arbitrary waveform generator 13 correspond to the multiple transmission channels for read-in signals.

[0247] On the same channel of the read-in signal, the output of a second arbitrary waveform generator 13 is connected to the input of a second IQ mixer 14 , and the other input of the second IQ mixer 14 is connected to the output of the microwave source 8 .

[0248] On the same channel, the output of the second IQ mixer 14 is connected to the input of a second signal distribution device 15 .

[0249] In this way, the second combiner 19 will have input of multi-channel read signals, and the second combiner 19 will combine the multi-channel read signals and then output them. In this way, each channel uses a corresponding second signal distribution device 15, and all the signals coupled out of the multi-channel second signal distribution devices 15 are combined through the second combiner 19, and then the same microwave source 8 is used for down-conversion to obtain a signal that can be collected and analyzed by the quantum analyzer 3. This architecture not only realizes the expansion and integration of the multi-bit measurement and control circuit of the read signal, but also reduces the demand for the microwave source 8 channels in hardware, simplifies the structure, and saves hardware costs.

[0250] The process of real-time monitoring of the input signal by the measurement and control system 24 of the quantum computer is briefly described as follows:

[0251] The second arbitrary waveform generator 13 in the second arbitrary waveform generation module 17 transmits the required multi-channel baseband signals, which are respectively input to the second IQ mixing module 18. In the second IQ mixing module 18, each second IQ mixer 14 mixes the signals with the microwave signals output by the microwave source 8 to generate high-frequency signals, i.e., read-in signals. After each second signal distribution device 15 in the second signal distribution module 23 couples out a part of the read-in signals, the signals are combined to form one read-in signal. The read-in signals obtained after the combination are connected to the demodulation mixing module 16, and then mixed with the microwave signals output by the microwave source 8, and down-converted to signals that can be collected by the quantum analyzer 3. When there is a problem with the signal emitted by the second arbitrary waveform generation module 17, or there is a problem with the second IQ mixing module 18, or the microwave source 8 does not transmit signals normally, etc., the host computer 20 connected to the quantum analyzer 3 can be informed in real time. The microwave signal output by the microwave source 8 to the second IQ mixing module 18 is the same as the microwave signal output to the demodulation mixing module 16.

[0252] The above-mentioned embodiments are improvements on both the control signal channel and the read signal channel, so as to realize monitoring of the control signal and / or the read signal, or to realize monitoring of whether the transmission sequence of the two is abnormal.

[0253] Those skilled in the art can know from the records of the above-mentioned implementations that the improvement of the control signal channel in the present application is similar to the improvement of the read-in signal channel. In the specific implementation, only the control signal channel can be improved to realize the monitoring of the control signal, or only the read-in signal channel can be improved to realize the monitoring of the read-in signal, or both can be improved at the same time to realize the monitoring of both. A variety of possible implementation methods can refer to the description of the structure and principle of the above-mentioned embodiments. In addition, the present application is not limited to the first signal being the above-mentioned control signal and read-in signal, and can also be other signals in the quantum computer. As long as the technical solution is obtained based on the technical concept of the present application, it should fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0254] In the above embodiment, the host computer 20 is connected to the microwave source 8 through the switch 21, and the host computer 20 is respectively connected to the first arbitrary waveform generator 6 (or the first arbitrary waveform generating module 11), the second arbitrary waveform generator 13 (or the second arbitrary waveform generating module 17) and the quantum signal analyzer through the switch 21. In a possible embodiment, the host computer 20 can also be directly connected to them without passing through the switch 21. The switch 21 can also be other replaceable network devices that can realize the communication function.

[0255] In the above embodiment, the microwave signal output by the microwave source 8 to the second IQ mixer 14 or the second IQ mixing module 18 is the same as the microwave signal output to the demodulation mixing module 16 .

[0256] In the above embodiment, the second signal distribution device 15 may also be, for example, a power divider or a directional coupler.

[0257] It can be understood that in the above embodiment, control signals and read-in signals of multiple channels can also be demodulated using multiple local oscillator signals. This is also possible.

[0258] The measurement and control system of the above-mentioned embodiments of the present application is a measurement and control system of a quantum computer. Preferably, the quantum computer is a superconducting quantum computer, and accordingly, the quantum processing unit 22 is a superconducting quantum chip; however, the quantum computer can also be any suitable quantum computer such as an ion trap quantum computer, a photon quantum computer, a topological quantum computer, a neutral atom quantum computer, a silicon-based quantum computer, or a nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computer, etc. As long as it is an improvement idea or improvement scheme of the measurement and control system of the quantum computer based on the utility model, it should fall within the protection scope of the present application. It should be noted that for quantum computers of different systems, the quantum processing unit 22 may not all be chips, and the structure, material, working principle, state, etc. of the quantum processing unit 22 may be different, but they are all processing units with quantum bits.

[0259] It should be noted that in this case, the same components in the above-mentioned technical solutions are labeled with the same numbers, but different numbers are used for some of the same components in different embodiments. This is necessary for clear expression and can be understood by technicians in this field based on the technical content recorded in this article.

[0260] Based on the same utility model concept, the utility model embodiment also provides a quantum computer and a signal monitoring method for a quantum computer. Since the principles of the problems solved by the quantum computer and the signal monitoring method for a quantum computer are similar to those of the aforementioned measurement and control system of the quantum computer, the implementation of the quantum computer and the signal monitoring method for a quantum computer can refer to the implementation of the aforementioned system, and the repeated parts will not be repeated.

[0261] A quantum computer provided by the embodiment of the utility model, referring to Figure 7 As shown, it includes: a measurement and control system 24 and a quantum processing unit 22 of the aforementioned quantum computer;

[0262] The control signal monitoring unit 2 in the measurement and control system is connected to the quantum processing unit 22, and is used to couple out a part of the control signal sent by the control signal generating unit 1 in the measurement and control system, and output it to the quantum analyzer 3 for collection and analysis after demodulation, and output the remaining control signal to the quantum processing unit 22 for controlling the quantum bit.

[0263] Furthermore, the measurement and control system 24 of the quantum computer in the above-mentioned quantum computer refers to Figure 7 As shown, it may also include: a host computer 20;

[0264] The host computer 20 is respectively connected to the control signal monitoring unit 2 and the quantum analyzer 3 in the measurement and control system 24 of the quantum computer;

[0265] The host computer 20 is used to control the control signal generating unit 1 to generate a control signal; and monitor whether the control signal is sent and whether it is abnormal according to the signal collected and analyzed by the quantum analyzer 3.

[0266] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention may be in the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, the present invention may be in the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage and optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program codes.

[0267] The present invention is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each process and / or box in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the processes and / or boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0268] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0269] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0270] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A measurement and control system for a quantum computer, characterized in that: include: Signal generation unit, signal monitoring unit and quantum analyzer; The signal generating unit is used to generate a first signal to a quantum bit in a quantum processing unit of a quantum computer, so as to perform a corresponding action on the quantum bit; The input end of the signal monitoring unit is connected to the signal generating unit, and the output end is connected to the quantum analyzer and the quantum processing unit respectively; the signal monitoring unit is used to couple out a part of the first signal generated by the signal generating unit, output it to the quantum analyzer after demodulation, and output the rest of the first signal to the quantum processing unit; The quantum analyzer is used to collect and analyze the demodulated signal output by the signal monitoring unit to monitor the first signal.

2. The measurement and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A signal monitoring unit, comprising: a signal distribution device and a demodulation mixer; wherein: The signal distribution device is connected between the signal generation unit and the quantum processing unit; The input end of the demodulation mixer is connected to the signal distribution device and the signal generation unit respectively, and the output end of the demodulation mixer is connected to the quantum analyzer; The signal distribution device is used to couple out a part of the first signal generated by the signal generating unit and output it to the demodulation mixer, and output the rest of the first signal to the quantum processing unit; The demodulation mixer is used to demodulate the first signal coupled from the signal distribution device and then output it to the quantum analyzer; The quantum analyzer is further used to collect and analyze the first signal demodulated by the demodulation mixer to monitor the first signal.

3. The measurement and control system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The signal generating unit comprises: an arbitrary waveform generator, an IQ mixer, and a microwave source; The input end of the IQ mixer is connected to the arbitrary waveform generator and the microwave source respectively; the output end of the IQ mixer is connected to the signal distribution device; The input end of the demodulation mixer is respectively connected to the quantum processing unit, the output end of the signal distribution device and the microwave source, and the output end of the demodulation mixer is connected to the quantum analyzer; The arbitrary waveform generator is used to transmit a baseband signal to the IQ mixer, the microwave source outputs a local oscillator signal to the IQ mixer, and the IQ mixer mixes the baseband signal with the local oscillator signal and then outputs the first signal to the signal distribution device; The demodulation mixer is specifically used to mix the first signal output by the signal distribution device with the local oscillator signal output by the microwave source, down-convert it into a signal that can be collected and analyzed by the quantum analyzer, and output it to the quantum analyzer.

4. The measurement and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal monitoring unit comprises: a signal distribution module, a combiner and a demodulation mixer; The combiner is arranged between the signal distribution module and the demodulation mixer; The signal distribution module includes a plurality of signal distribution devices; the plurality of signal distribution devices are connected to the combiner; The plurality of signal distribution devices are respectively connected to the output ends of the multi-channels of the signal generating unit; each of the signal distribution devices is used to couple out a part of the first signal of the corresponding channel; The combiner is used to combine and output the signals obtained by coupling multiple signal distribution devices; The demodulation mixer is used to demodulate the signal output by the combiner after combination and then input it into the quantum analyzer.

5. The measurement and control system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The signal generating unit specifically comprises: an arbitrary waveform generating module, an IQ mixing module and a microwave source; The arbitrary waveform generation module includes a plurality of arbitrary waveform generators; The IQ mixing module includes a plurality of IQ mixers; The multiple IQ mixers in the IQ mixing module are respectively connected to the multiple arbitrary waveform generators in the arbitrary waveform generating module and the output ends of the microwave source multi-channel to form multiple first signal generating channels; wherein the input end of each of the IQ mixers is respectively connected to the microwave source and the arbitrary waveform generator of the same channel; the output end of each of the IQ mixers is respectively connected to the input end of the signal distribution device of the same channel of the signal distribution module; The input end of the demodulation mixer is respectively connected to the quantum processing unit, the output end of the combiner and the microwave source, and the output end of the demodulation mixer is connected to the quantum analyzer; The arbitrary waveform generator is used to transmit a baseband signal to the IQ mixer, the microwave source is used to output a local oscillator signal to the IQ mixer, and the IQ mixer is used to mix the baseband signal with the local oscillator signal and output the first signal to the signal distribution device; The microwave source is further used to output a local oscillator signal for demodulating the first signal to the demodulation mixer; The demodulation mixer is specifically used to mix the first signal output by the combiner after combination with the local oscillator signal for demodulating the first signal, and down-convert it into a signal that can be collected and analyzed by quantum analysis.

6. The measurement and control system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The signal generating unit specifically comprises: an arbitrary waveform generating module, an IQ mixing module, and a microwave source; The arbitrary waveform generation module comprises an arbitrary waveform generator having a multi-channel output terminal; The IQ mixing module includes a plurality of IQ mixers; The multiple IQ mixers in the IQ mixing module are respectively connected to the output ends of the multi-channels of the arbitrary waveform generation module and the output ends of the multi-channels of the microwave source to form multiple first signal generation channels; wherein the input end of each of the IQ mixers is respectively connected to the output ends of the microwave source and the arbitrary waveform generator of the same channel; the output end of each of the IQ mixers is respectively connected to the input end of the signal distribution device of the same channel of the signal distribution module; The input end of the demodulation mixer is respectively connected to the quantum processing unit, the output end of the combiner and the microwave source, and the output end of the demodulation mixer is connected to the quantum analyzer; The arbitrary waveform generator is used to transmit a baseband signal to the IQ mixer, the microwave source is used to output a local oscillator signal to the IQ mixer, and the IQ mixer is used to mix the baseband signal with the local oscillator signal and output the first signal to the signal distribution device; The microwave source is further used to output a local oscillator signal for demodulating the first signal to the demodulation mixer; The demodulation mixer is specifically used to mix the signal output after the combination of the combiner with the local oscillator signal for demodulating the first signal, and down-convert it into a signal that can be collected and analyzed by quantum analysis.

7. The measurement and control system according to any one of claims 3, 5 and 6, characterized in that: The local oscillator signal output by the microwave source to the IQ mixer or the IQ mixing module is the same as the local oscillator signal output to the demodulation mixer.

8. The measurement and control system according to claim 2 or 4, characterized in that: The signal distribution device is a power divider or a directional coupler.

9. The measurement and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first signal is a read-in signal, and the signal generating unit is used to generate a read-in signal to the quantum bit in the quantum processing unit to read the state of the quantum bit.

10. The measurement and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The measurement and control system is a measurement and control system in a superconducting quantum computer, and the quantum processing unit is a superconducting quantum chip.

11. A quantum computer, characterized in that: include: A measurement and control system and a quantum processing unit for a quantum computer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10; The signal monitoring unit in the measurement and control system is connected to the quantum processing unit, and is used to couple out a part of the first signal emitted by the signal generating unit in the measurement and control system, and output it to the quantum analyzer for collection and analysis after demodulation, and output the remaining first signal to the quantum processing unit for corresponding action on the quantum bit.

12. The quantum computer according to claim 11, characterized in that The measurement and control system of the quantum computer also includes: a host computer; The host computer is connected to the signal sending unit and the quantum analyzer in the measurement and control system respectively; the host computer is used to control the signal generating unit to generate a first signal; and monitor whether the first signal is sent and whether it is abnormal according to the signal collected and analyzed by the quantum analyzer.

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