Small-particle shale dry distillation furnace

Abstract

A small-particle shale dry distillation furnace relates to the technical field of shale dry distillation, comprises a coke discharge section furnace body, a generation section furnace body, an intensified dry distillation section furnace body and a dry distillation section furnace body, and is characterized in that the coke discharge section furnace body is provided with an ammonia water vaporizing chamber and an ammonia water spraying system, and the generation section furnace body is provided with a square guide hole; the intensified dry distillation section furnace body is provided with a high-temperature circulating gas distributor and a central gas collecting chamber, and the dry distillation section furnace body is provided with an array umbrella collector; in order to solve the problems of low main air saturation and limited combustion efficiency and productivity of the small-particle shale dry distillation furnace, the automatic humidifying vaporizing chamber and the guide structure are innovatively designed, ammonia water vapor is vaporized by utilizing ash residue waste heat to be mixed with main air, the saturation is improved, the efficient reaction of the main air and semicoke is realized, the productivity and the oil yield are improved, and the production cost is reduced. The problem that furnace smelting easily occurs due to poor ventilation and uneven gas distribution is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of shale distillation, in particular to a small-particle shale distillation furnace. Background Art

[0002] In the field of shale retorting technology, square retorting furnaces, as the main equipment for processing small-particle shale, face a series of challenges, especially in the control of main air saturation. When traditional retorting furnaces process small-particle shale, due to the large relative specific surface area of ​​small-particle shale, the reaction between semi-coke and main air after retorting is more intense, which requires a higher main air saturation to maintain efficient combustion and water-gas reaction. However, in the existing technical configuration, the main air saturation provided by the recovery system often cannot meet this demand, and when the main air volume increases, its saturation decreases instead, resulting in insufficient combustion and water-gas reaction, and heat cannot be effectively transferred to the retorting section, reducing the retorting efficiency and oil yield. In addition, the method of using external steam to increase saturation can temporarily solve the problem, but it will cause water overflow in the system, increase the burden of sewage treatment, and may even cause environmental pollution, affecting economic benefits and environmental compliance. In the existing technology, especially for small-particle retorting furnaces, the unutilized potential in the ash after retorting is greater, and the production capacity has not been reasonably improved, indicating the limitations of the existing retorting furnace design in processing small-particle shale. Utility Model Content

[0003] In order to make up for the above-mentioned shortcomings, the utility model provides a small-particle shale distillation furnace, which effectively solves the problem of saturation control of traditional distillation furnaces when processing small-particle shale by optimizing the structure of the distillation furnace, and significantly improves the production capacity and oil production rate.

[0004] The utility model is realized by the following technical scheme: a small particle shale retorting furnace, comprising a coke discharge section furnace body, a generating section furnace body, an enhanced retorting section furnace body and a retorting section furnace body connected from bottom to top, characterized in that:

[0005] An ammonia vaporization chamber is arranged at the center of the upper half of the coke discharge section furnace body, and the ammonia vaporization chamber includes an ammonia vaporization steel structure box, a main wind louver plate arranged on the top of the ammonia vaporization steel structure box, and an ammonia distribution pipe passing through the ammonia vaporization steel structure box; a main wind air distribution chamber is arranged horizontally below the ammonia vaporization chamber; a plurality of main wind guide pipes passing through the ammonia vaporization chamber are arranged horizontally at intervals on the main wind air distribution chamber, and the outlet end of the main wind guide pipe is arranged at the upper half of the ammonia vaporization chamber;

[0006] Square guide holes are arranged in a matrix on both sides of the inner wall of the generating section furnace body, wherein every three rows of square guide holes form a guide group, and the square guide holes in the guide group are connected through the guide channel in the inner wall of the generating section furnace body;

[0007] A high-temperature circulating gas distribution chamber is arranged on both sides of the inner wall of the furnace body of the enhanced dry distillation section, and the high-temperature circulating gas distribution chamber includes a high-temperature circulating gas inlet, a gas distributor arranged inside the high-temperature circulating gas distribution chamber, and a gas distribution louver plate arranged on the high-temperature circulating gas distribution chamber; a central gas collecting chamber for promoting shale dry distillation is arranged at the central position of the enhanced dry distillation section, and gas collecting louvers corresponding to the gas distribution louvers are arranged on both sides of the central gas collecting chamber;

[0008] An ammonia water spraying system is also provided on the coke discharge section furnace body, and the ammonia water spraying system includes an electrically controlled regulating valve and a flow meter for automatically controlling the flow of the ammonia water distribution pipe, and a thermocouple for monitoring the temperature of the coke discharge section;

[0009] An array umbrella collector is arranged at the center of the furnace body of the dry distillation section, and a dry distillation gas outlet pipe connected to the recovery device is arranged on the upper part of the array umbrella collector;

[0010] A discharge device for loading materials into the furnace is arranged on the furnace roof cover plate at the top of the furnace body of the dry distillation section.

[0011] Furthermore, maintenance and cleaning ports are provided on both sides of the ammonia vaporization steel structure box.

[0012] Furthermore, an inspection and cleaning hole is provided in the main air guide pipe.

[0013] Beneficial effects and features of the utility model:

[0014] Optimize saturation and upgrade production capacity: introduce an ammonia vaporization chamber to mix with the low-saturation main air, and use the waste heat energy of the waste slag to vaporize the ammonia into steam, which cleverly improves the saturation of the main air, makes the combustion of the main air and semi-coke more complete, and releases heat more efficiently, thereby significantly enhancing the production capacity of the distillation furnace, especially the oil yield of the small particle distillation furnace.

[0015] Enhanced combustion and water-gas reaction efficiency: The square guide hole layout is designed to effectively solve the poor air permeability of small particles and uneven gas distribution. The guide hole structure enables the main air to evenly cross the material layer and burn more fully with the semi-coke, thereby improving the water-gas reaction efficiency. The heat can be fully transferred to the distillation section, avoiding the furnace refining phenomenon and ensuring the distillation efficiency and safe operation.

[0016] The high-temperature circulating gas distribution chamber and the central gas collecting chamber work together to promote the balanced distribution of heat in the distillation section, strengthen the conversion of shale in the distillation section, improve the distillation efficiency and oil production rate, and make more efficient use of thermal energy.

[0017] Automatic control saves costs: The ammonia spraying system automatically adjusts the ammonia flow rate according to the temperature, which not only avoids overdose, reduces the burden of sewage treatment, and reduces environmental protection costs and system overflow water treatment pressure. Environmentally friendly operation is more economical, complies with regulations, and does not harm the environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic cross-sectional view along the AA axis.

[0020] The serial number of the main parts in the figure is as follows: 1. Main air distribution chamber; 4. Thermocouple; 5. Coke discharge section furnace body; 6. Ammonia vaporization chamber; 7. Main air guide pipe; 8. Square guide hole; 9. Generator section furnace body; 10. Central gas collecting chamber; 11. High-temperature circulating gas inlet; 12. Aluminum silicate insulation felt; 16. Furnace roof cover; 17. Discharging device; 19. Array umbrella collector; 20. Gas collecting louver; 21. Gas distribution louver; 22. Gas distributor; 23. Strengthened dry distillation section outer steel structure; 24. Generator section outer steel structure; 25. Main air louver; 26. Ammonia vaporization steel structure box; 27. Dry distillation gas outlet pipe; 28. Ammonia distribution pipe; 29. ​​Maintenance and cleaning port; 30. Electric control valve; 31. Flow meter; 33. Heat-resistant steel plate.

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the embodiment of the utility model, the drawings required for use in the embodiment will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work. The other drawings obtained are all within the protection scope required by the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following combination Figure 1-2 , the contents of the utility model are described in detail through specific embodiments. Example

[0023] The small-particle shale retorting furnace comprises a coke discharge section furnace body 5, a generator section furnace body 9, an enhanced retorting section furnace body and a retorting section furnace body which are connected from bottom to top, wherein:

[0024] The exterior of the coke discharge section furnace body 5 is a square steel structure furnace body made of steel plates. An ammonia vaporization chamber 6 is arranged at the center of the upper half of the interior of the coke discharge section furnace body 5. The ammonia vaporization chamber 6 includes an ammonia vaporization steel structure box 26, a main wind louver plate 25 arranged on the top of the ammonia vaporization steel structure box 26, and an ammonia distribution pipe 28 passing through the ammonia vaporization steel structure box 26; a main wind air distribution chamber 1 is horizontally arranged below the ammonia vaporization chamber 6; a plurality of main wind guide pipes 7 passing through the ammonia vaporization chamber 6 are horizontally arranged at intervals on the main wind air distribution chamber 1, and the outlet end of the main wind guide pipe 7 is arranged at the upper half of the interior of the ammonia vaporization chamber 6;

[0025] The generating section furnace body 9 is composed of an external generating section outer steel structure 24 and an internal refractory brick structure. Square guide holes 8 are arranged in a matrix on both sides of the inner wall of the refractory brick structure, wherein every three rows of square guide holes 8 form a guide group, and the square guide holes 8 in the guide group are connected through the guide channel in the inner wall of the generating section furnace body 9; the square guide holes 8 allow the main air to cross upward from the middle of the furnace body, allowing the semi-coke combustion effect to be more complete.

[0026] The furnace body of the enhanced dry distillation section is composed of an external steel structure 23 of the enhanced dry distillation section, an internal heat-resistant steel plate 33, and an aluminum silicate insulation felt 12 filled in the middle. High-temperature circulating gas distribution chambers are arranged on both sides of the inner wall of the furnace body of the enhanced dry distillation section. The high-temperature circulating gas distribution chamber includes a high-temperature circulating gas inlet 11, a gas distributor 22 arranged inside the high-temperature circulating gas distribution chamber, and a gas distribution louver 21 arranged on the high-temperature circulating gas distribution chamber; a central gas collecting chamber 10 for promoting shale dry distillation is arranged at the central position of the enhanced dry distillation section, and gas collecting louvers 20 corresponding to the gas distribution louvers 21 are arranged on both sides of the central gas collecting chamber 10;

[0027] An ammonia water spraying system is also provided on the coke discharge section furnace body 5, and the ammonia water spraying system comprises an electrically controlled regulating valve 30 and a flow meter 31 for automatically controlling the flow of the ammonia water distribution pipe 28, and a thermocouple 4 for monitoring the temperature of the coke discharge section; when the thermocouple 4 detects that the temperature of the coke discharge section furnace body 5 is greater than 110°C, the electrically controlled regulating valve 30 automatically opens, and the circulating ammonia water from the recovery device automatically sprays ammonia water to the ammonia water vaporization steel structure box through the ammonia water distribution pipe 28; when the thermocouple 4 detects that the temperature of the coke discharge section furnace body 5 is less than 100°C, the electrically controlled regulating valve 30 automatically closes, and automatic spraying and ammonia water control are realized through the ammonia water spraying system.

[0028] The dry distillation furnace body is composed of an external dry distillation steel structure 13, an internal dry distillation steel structure 15 and a heat-insulating fiber felt 14 filled in the middle. An array umbrella collector 19 is arranged at the center of the dry distillation furnace body. A dry distillation gas outlet pipe 27 connected to a recovery device is arranged on the upper part of the array umbrella collector 19.

[0029] Preferably, the array umbrella collector 19 includes a large cover body connected to the distillation gas outlet pipe 27 and a small cover body symmetrically arranged at the lower part of the large cover body. The large cover body and the small cover body are both triangular structures at the upper part and square structures at the lower part. The large cover body and the small cover body are connected to each other.

[0030] A discharge device 17 for charging materials into the furnace is arranged on the furnace roof cover plate 16 at the top of the furnace body of the dry distillation section.

[0031] In order to facilitate cleaning and maintenance, inspection and cleaning ports 29 are provided on both sides of the ammonia vaporization steel structure box 26, and inspection and cleaning holes 32 are provided in the main air guide pipe 7.

[0032] The working principle of this utility model:

[0033] Ammonia water vaporization and main air pretreatment: The circulating ammonia water is sent to the ammonia water vaporization chamber 6, where it is vaporized by using the waste heat of the ash. The main air from the washing saturation tower passes through the main air distribution chamber 1 and is evenly distributed horizontally through the main air guide pipe 7 before entering the top of the ammonia water vaporization chamber 6, where it mixes with the vaporized ammonia water vapor to increase the humidity and temperature of the main air. The pretreated main air is then guided to the vaporization section of the retorting furnace through the main air louver 25, ready to react with the solid residue of the semi-coke retorted.

[0034] Reaction between main air and semi-coke: under the guidance of the square guide holes 8, the main air crosses the semi-coke layer, promotes combustion and water-gas reaction, and effectively releases heat energy.

[0035] High-temperature gas enhanced dry distillation: The high-temperature gas is sent into the high-temperature circulating gas distribution chamber through the high-temperature circulating gas inlet 11, and after being distributed in equal amounts by the gas distributor 22, it is evenly distributed to the material layer through the gas distribution louver 21 to implement enhanced dry distillation of shale. In this process, the high-temperature gas, the main air and the heat energy gas generated by the semi-coke reaction converge in the central gas collection chamber 10, and the synergistic effect improves the dry distillation efficiency.

[0036] Gas collection and processing: After the gas after enhanced distillation is collected, it is evenly distributed through the gas collecting louver plate 20, and the shale is further distilled. Finally, the gas is introduced into the array umbrella collector 19. The collected gas is output through the distillation gas outlet pipe 27 and sent to the recovery device for subsequent condensation, separation and other treatments to extract shale oil and other useful components.

[0037] The utility model not only effectively overcomes the technical difficulties in the dry distillation of small-particle shale, such as poor air permeability, uneven gas distribution, and high furnace outlet temperature, but also significantly improves the main air saturation through automatic control and waste heat utilization, so that the semi-coke heat energy is fully released, and the dry distillation efficiency and oil yield are improved. At the same time, the optimized structure and system design reduce the sewage treatment cost, improve environmental protection performance, and show good industrial application prospects and economy.

Claims

1. A small particle shale retorting furnace, comprising a coke discharge section furnace body (5), a generator section furnace body (9), an enhanced retorting section furnace body and a retorting section furnace body connected from bottom to top, characterized in that: An ammonia vaporization chamber (6) is arranged at the center of the upper half of the interior of the coke discharge section furnace body (5), the ammonia vaporization chamber (6) comprising an ammonia vaporization steel structure box (26), a main wind louver (25) arranged on the top of the ammonia vaporization steel structure box (26), and an ammonia distribution pipe (28) passing through the ammonia vaporization steel structure box (26); a main wind air distribution chamber (1) is arranged horizontally below the ammonia vaporization chamber (6); a plurality of main wind guide pipes (7) passing through the ammonia vaporization chamber (6) are arranged horizontally at intervals on the main wind air distribution chamber (1), and the outlet ends of the main wind guide pipes (7) are arranged at the upper half of the interior of the ammonia vaporization chamber (6); Square guide holes (8) are arranged in a matrix on both sides of the inner wall of the generating section furnace body (9), wherein every three rows of square guide holes (8) form a guide group, and the square guide holes (8) in the guide group are connected through a guide channel in the inner wall of the generating section furnace body (9); A high-temperature circulating gas distribution chamber is arranged on both sides of the inner wall of the furnace body of the enhanced dry distillation section, and the high-temperature circulating gas distribution chamber comprises a high-temperature circulating gas inlet (11), a gas distributor (22) arranged inside the high-temperature circulating gas distribution chamber, and a gas distribution louver plate (21) arranged on the high-temperature circulating gas distribution chamber; a central gas collecting chamber (10) for promoting shale dry distillation is arranged at the central position of the enhanced dry distillation section, and gas collecting louvers (20) corresponding to the gas distribution louver plates (21) are arranged on both sides of the central gas collecting chamber (10); An ammonia water spraying system is also provided on the coke discharge section furnace body (5), the ammonia water spraying system comprising an electrically controlled regulating valve (30) and a flow meter (31) for automatically controlling the flow of the ammonia water distribution pipe (28), and a thermocouple (4) for monitoring the temperature of the coke discharge section; An array umbrella collector (19) is arranged at the center of the furnace body of the dry distillation section, and a dry distillation gas outlet pipe (27) connected to a recovery device is arranged on the upper part of the array umbrella collector (19); A material discharge device (17) for loading materials into the furnace is provided on the furnace top cover plate (16) at the top of the furnace body of the dry distillation section.

2. The small particle shale retorting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: Inspection and cleaning ports (29) are provided on both sides of the ammonia vaporization steel structure box (26).

3. The small particle shale retorting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main air guide pipe (7) is provided with an inspection and cleaning hole (32).

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