Battery management system for lithium battery energy storage and stack controller thereof

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of battery management systems, and discloses a battery management system for lithium battery energy storage and a stack controller thereof, the stack controller comprises a circuit board and a ZYNQ main control chip arranged on the circuit board, the ZYNQ main control chip is integrated with two ARM processors and a programmable logic unit FPGA, one ARM processor is connected with a plurality of Ethernet interfaces, and the other ARM processor is connected with a plurality of RS485 communication interfaces and a plurality of CAN communication interfaces; and the programmable logic unit FPGA is connected with three groups of optical fiber interfaces which are respectively used for being in communication connection with other heap controllers, cluster controllers and cluster controllers of other heaps. The system is simple in structure and strong in universality, can improve the real-time performance of battery data sampling and task processing, increases the independence and redundancy of communication control of external equipment, and also can realize data interaction and coordination control between battery stacks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of battery management systems, in particular to a battery management system for lithium battery energy storage and a stack controller thereof. Background Art

[0002] The battery management system is used for battery management and control in large energy storage power stations and other application scenarios. It can realize linkage control with PCS (energy storage converter), energy storage management system (EMS), etc., optimize control strategies, and ensure stable and reliable operation of the battery management system.

[0003] The stack controller of the battery management system is the most important control device in the battery management system. It is used to control the entire battery stack and is the core component of the battery management system. It ensures the reliable and stable operation of the entire lithium battery energy storage system and guarantees the safety of the lithium battery energy storage system. The stack controller also communicates with fire fighting equipment, water cooling units, power meters, PCS and EMS to achieve comprehensive control.

[0004] The main problems of the current stack controller are: First, it is unable to realize the rapid collection of battery data. At present, the collection is mainly based on ARM as the main control chip, and CAN communication is mainly used for battery data collection, which affects the collection speed and real-time data processing; second, the current stack controllers all use the Linux system, which cannot handle tasks with strong real-time requirements; third, it is unable to independently communicate and control multiple external devices. At present, there are few RS485 communication interfaces and CAN communication interfaces of the equipment, and many interfaces are reused. From the perspective of safety and redundancy, more independent interfaces are required for communication and control; fourth, the communication function is not realized between the stack controllers, so in the multi-stack lithium battery energy storage system, the data interaction between the stacks cannot be handled well; fifth, when the stack energy storage power station adopts a multi-stack system, if a stack controller has a communication failure, the fault status of the entire stack cannot be sent to the EMS, and the fault judgment cannot be performed.

[0005] Based on the above reasons, the stack controller needs to be able to solve the problems of rapid battery data collection, real-time task processing, independent communication of external devices, redundant communication between stack controllers, power distribution between stacks, etc. Currently, there is no stack controller in the market that can have these functions. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a battery management system and a stack controller for lithium battery energy storage, which have a simple structure and strong versatility, can improve the real-time performance of battery data sampling and task processing, increase the independence and redundancy of external device communication control, and can also realize data interaction and coordinated control between battery stacks.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides the following solutions:

[0008] A stack controller for a battery management system for lithium battery energy storage, wherein one stack controller corresponds to one battery stack, and the stack controller comprises: a circuit board and a ZYNQ main control chip arranged on the circuit board, wherein the ZYNQ main control chip integrates two ARM processors and a programmable logic unit FPGA, and the two ARM processors and the programmable logic unit FPGA are respectively connected via an AXI bus;

[0009] The two ARM processors are respectively the first ARM processor and the second ARM processor, the first ARM processor is connected to several Ethernet interfaces, the second ARM processor is connected to several RS485 communication interfaces and several CAN communication interfaces; the programmable logic unit FPGA is connected to 3 groups of optical fiber interfaces, among which 1 group of optical fiber interfaces is used for communication connection with the cluster controller in the battery stack corresponding to the stack controller, 1 group of optical fiber interfaces is used for communication connection with other stack controllers, and 1 group of optical fiber interfaces is used for communication connection with the cluster controllers in the battery stacks corresponding to other stack controllers.

[0010] Furthermore, there are two Ethernet interfaces, which are respectively used to communicate with the EMS system and the PCS system; there are four RS485 communication interfaces, which are respectively used to communicate with the liquid cooling unit, fire-fighting equipment, power meter, and IO module; there is one CAN communication interface, which is used to communicate with the insulation detection module.

[0011] Furthermore, the first ARM processor is transplanted with a Linux system, and the second ARM processor is a bare metal core.

[0012] Furthermore, the ZYNQ main control chip is connected to at least one of an EEPROM circuit, an RTC real-time clock circuit, a communication status indicator light, a Flash circuit, and an SD card.

[0013] Furthermore, the ZYNQ main control chip is connected to a power conversion circuit.

[0014] Furthermore, the RS485 communication interface adopts the MODBUS_RTU communication protocol, the CAN communication interface adopts the CAN communication protocol, the Ethernet interface for connecting to the EMS system adopts the IEC104 communication protocol, and the Ethernet interface for connecting to the PCS system adopts the MODBUS_TCP communication protocol.

[0015] Furthermore, the Ethernet interface is a Gigabit network interface.

[0016] The utility model also provides a battery management system for lithium battery energy storage, including the above-mentioned stack controller, and also includes an EMS system, a PCS system, a liquid cooling unit, fire fighting equipment, a power meter, an IO module, an insulation detection module, N cluster controllers, and M*N PACK controllers, wherein N is the number of cluster controllers corresponding to the battery clusters in each battery stack, and M is the number of PACK controllers corresponding to the battery PACK in each battery cluster;

[0017] Among them, the stack controller is communicated with the EMS system and the PCS system through two Ethernet interfaces, is communicated with the liquid cooling unit, fire-fighting equipment, power meter, and IO module through four RS485 communication interfaces, is communicated with the insulation detection module through one CAN communication interface, and is communicated with the cluster controller through one set of optical fiber interfaces; the PACK controller is communicated with the cluster controller of the battery cluster in which it is located.

[0018] Furthermore, the battery management system includes a plurality of stack controllers corresponding to a plurality of battery stacks, each stack controller is communicatively connected to other adjacent stack controllers via an optical fiber interface, and is communicatively connected to cluster controllers within the battery stacks corresponding to other adjacent stack controllers via an optical fiber interface.

[0019] According to the specific embodiments provided by the utility model, the battery management system for lithium battery energy storage and the stack controller thereof provided by the utility model disclose the following technical effects:

[0020] 1) Increase the real-time performance of battery data sampling: The FPGA part of the ZYNQ main control chip communicates with the cluster controller through an optical fiber interface, and can collect battery data such as battery voltage, temperature, SOC, SOH, etc. in real time. Because optical fiber communication is fast, the amount of data transmitted is large, and the real-time performance is high, the FPGA has a fast processing speed and high processing efficiency, so the battery data can be transmitted to the stack controller in real time for analysis and processing;

[0021] 2) Increase the real-time performance of signal processing and system control: The ZYNQ main control chip integrates two ARM processors and a programmable logic unit FPGA. One of the ARM processors can run the Linux system and mainly handle Ethernet-related data communications, such as data communications with EMS and PCS. The other ARM processor can use an ARM bare metal core and mainly handle communications with external devices: such as liquid cooling units, fire equipment, power meters, open-in and open-out (IO) modules, insulation detection modules, etc., to achieve alarm and protection processing, as well as charge and discharge control, etc. The real-time performance of signal processing and system control is increased through the cooperation of two ARM processors and a programmable logic unit FPGA.

[0022] 3) Increase the independence and redundancy of external device communication control: The ZYNQ of the stack controller is connected to 4 RS485 communication interfaces and 2 CAN communication interfaces. The 4 RS485 communication interfaces communicate with the liquid cooling unit, fire-fighting equipment, power meters, and input and output (IO) modules. One CAN communication interface communicates with the insulation detection module to ensure that each device or each type of device uses an independent interface for connection and communication. When an interface is damaged, it can be replaced with an interface of the same type to achieve mutual redundancy between RS485s. The 2 Ethernet interfaces can communicate with the EMS and PCS respectively, and also achieve mutual independence and redundancy.

[0023] 4) Increase the communication function between stack controllers: The FPGA part of the ZYNQ main control chip communicates with other stack controllers through a fiber optic interface to complete data interaction between stack controllers. When there are multiple battery stacks in a system, coordinated control can be performed between multiple battery stacks.

[0024] 5) Redundant transmission of fault status between battery stacks. When a battery stack fails to communicate with the EMS, the faulty stack can send the operating status and fault status to the EMS through the stack controllers of other battery stacks. When the communication between the battery stack and the battery cluster fails, the operating status and fault status of the battery cluster can be sent to the EMS through the stack controllers of other battery stacks for status monitoring and fault protection.

[0025] 6) The stack controller has better versatility: This stack controller can be used in different lithium battery energy storage battery management systems, and multiple stack controllers can be deployed when multiple lithium battery energy storage systems are used in parallel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a stack controller of a battery management system for lithium battery energy storage according to an embodiment of the utility model;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery management system for lithium battery energy storage according to an embodiment of the utility model;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the communication connection of the stack controller applied to multiple battery stacks according to an embodiment of the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0031] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a battery management system and a stack controller for lithium battery energy storage, which can solve the problems of rapid battery data collection, real-time task processing, independent communication of external devices, redundant communication between stack controllers, power distribution between battery stacks, etc.

[0032] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, the stack controller of the battery management system for lithium battery energy storage provided by the utility model, one stack controller corresponds to one battery stack, and the stack controller includes: a circuit board and a ZYNQ main control chip arranged on the circuit board, the ZYNQ main control chip integrates two ARM processors and a programmable logic unit FPGA, and the two ARM processors and the programmable logic unit FPGA are respectively connected through an AXI bus;

[0034] The two ARM processors are respectively the first ARM processor and the second ARM processor, the first ARM processor is connected to two Ethernet interfaces, and the second ARM processor is connected to four RS485 communication interfaces and one CAN communication interface; the programmable logic unit FPGA is connected to three groups of optical fiber interfaces, among which one group of optical fiber interfaces is used to communicate and connect with the cluster controller in the battery stack corresponding to the stack controller, one group of optical fiber interfaces is used to communicate and connect with other stack controllers, and one group of optical fiber interfaces is used to communicate and connect with the cluster controllers in the battery stacks corresponding to other stack controllers.

[0035] Specifically, the Ethernet interface is a Gigabit network interface, and two Ethernet interfaces are used for communication connection with the EMS system and the PCS system respectively; four RS485 communication interfaces are used for communication connection with the liquid cooling unit, fire-fighting equipment, power meter, and input and output (IO) module respectively, and one CAN communication interface is used for communication connection with the insulation detection module.

[0036] The first ARM processor is transplanted with Linux system, and the second ARM processor is a bare metal core. The use of ARM bare metal core can improve the real-time alarm and control of the system. When the equipment has an alarm problem, such as battery level 3 protection, fire alarm protection, liquid cooling alarm protection, overcurrent protection, it can be exported in time, and can perform real-time charge and discharge control, external equipment start and stop control, etc.

[0037] The ZYNQ main control chip is connected to an EEPROM circuit, an RTC real-time clock circuit, a communication status indicator light, a Flash circuit, an SD card, and a 24V power conversion circuit. Among them, the EEPROM circuit is used to store fixed value data, the RTC real-time clock circuit is used to display real-time time, and the SD card and flash circuit are used to start the operating system of the ARM processor.

[0038] The RS485 communication interface adopts the MODBUS_RTU communication protocol, the CAN communication interface adopts the CAN communication protocol, the Ethernet interface for connecting to the EMS system adopts the IEC104 communication protocol, and the Ethernet interface for connecting to the PCS system adopts the MODBUS_TCP communication protocol. That is, the stack controller communicates with the liquid cooling unit, fire fighting equipment, power meter, and input and output (IO) module using the MODBUS_RTU communication protocol. The stack controller communicates with the insulation detection module using the CAN communication protocol. The stack controller communicates with the PCS system using the MODBUS_TCP communication protocol, and communicates with the EMS system using the IEC104 communication protocol.

[0039] The utility model selects ZYNQ series chips, but is not limited to the use of ZYNQ series chips, for realizing external device data interaction, alarm and protection processing, battery data sampling processing, stack charge and discharge control, redundant communication, etc. of the stack controller.

[0040] like Figure 2 As shown, the utility model also provides a battery management system for lithium battery energy storage, including 1 stack controller as described above, and also including 1 EMS system, 1 PCS system, 1 liquid cooling unit, 1 fire fighting equipment, 1 power meter, 1 IO module, 1 insulation detection module, N cluster controllers, M*N PACK controllers, wherein N is the number of cluster controllers corresponding to the battery cluster in each battery stack, and M is the number of PACK controllers corresponding to the battery PACK in each battery cluster;

[0041] Among them, the stack controller is communicated with the EMS system and the PCS system through two Ethernet interfaces, is communicated with the liquid cooling unit, fire-fighting equipment, power meter, and IO module through four RS485 communication interfaces, is communicated with the insulation detection module through one CAN communication interface, and is communicated with the cluster controller through one set of optical fiber interfaces; the PACK controller is communicated with the cluster controller of the battery cluster in which it is located.

[0042] Among them, EMS system, PCS system, liquid cooling unit, fire fighting equipment, power meter, IO module, etc. are all common settings in energy storage system, which can be realized by existing technology according to actual needs, and will not be described in detail in this article. Battery management system for lithium battery energy storage includes battery stack, battery cluster and battery PACK.

[0043] The stack controller and the cluster controller use optical fiber communication to collect battery data and alarm information, as well as set fixed values ​​and send control commands. RS485 communication is used with the liquid cooling unit, fire-fighting equipment, power meters, and IO modules for data and information collection, as well as set fixed values ​​and send control commands. CAN communication is used with the insulation detection module for data and information collection, as well as set fixed values ​​and send control commands. Ethernet (MODBUS_TCP) is used for communication with PCS equipment for data and information collection, as well as set fixed values ​​and send control commands.

[0044] After the stack controller performs calculations and logical processing on all collected data and information, it interacts with the EMS system through Ethernet (IEC104 communication protocol), sends telesignaling and telemetry parameters for real-time display, and receives and executes remote control and remote adjustment commands issued by the EMS system.

[0045] The stack controller communicates with other stack controllers using optical fiber for data exchange and backup between stacks.

[0046] like Figure 3 As shown, the battery management system includes a plurality of stack controllers corresponding to a plurality of battery stacks, each stack controller is communicatively connected with other adjacent stack controllers via an optical fiber interface, and is communicatively connected with cluster controllers within the battery stacks corresponding to other adjacent stack controllers (select one or more) via an optical fiber interface.

[0047] For example, each stack controller is connected to the cluster controller of the next battery stack by optical fiber. Multiple cluster controllers in the same battery stack can be connected by optical fiber communication to transmit alarm and protection data, so each stack controller only needs to be connected to the first cluster controller with the serial number of the next battery stack. If the current stack controller fails, after the data between the cluster controllers is transmitted to the first cluster controller, the first cluster controller will send the communication alarm and protection data to the stack controller with the previous serial number of the corresponding stack controller. For example: Battery stack 1 has 12 battery clusters, corresponding to stack controller 1, battery stack 2 has 12 battery clusters, corresponding to stack controller 2, and stack controller 1 and cluster controller 2 of battery stack 2 are connected by optical fiber interface communication. If stack controller 2 of battery stack 2 fails, cluster controller 2 of battery stack 2 summarizes the alarm and protection data of the 12 cluster controllers under battery stack 2 and sends them to stack controller 1.

[0048] The stack controller of the battery management system is used in a multi-stack energy storage system. Each battery management system for lithium battery energy storage contains multiple stack controllers, and each stack controller communicates with other stack controllers using optical fiber. Each stack controller communicates with the corresponding cluster controller under the other stack controllers using optical fiber. All fault and alarm data are transmitted between stack controllers. The cluster controller sends fault and alarm data to other stack controllers. When the communication between a stack controller and the EMS system fails, the fault and alarm data can be sent to the EMS system through other stack controllers through optical fiber communication with other stack controllers. When the communication between the stack controller and the cluster controller fails, the cluster controller can send the fault and alarm data to the EMS through other stack controllers through optical fiber communication with other stack controllers, thus realizing redundant communication.

[0049] In summary, the battery management system for lithium battery energy storage and its stack controller provided by the utility model can be used to achieve the following functions:

[0050] 1) Communication function

[0051] The stack controller of the battery management system for lithium battery energy storage has multiple communication interfaces. The two Ethernets use IEC104 and MODBUS_TCP communication protocols to communicate with the EMS system and PCS system respectively. The four RS485 communication interfaces use the MODBUS_RTU communication protocol to communicate with the liquid cooling unit, fire fighting equipment, power meter, and IO module respectively. There is one CAN communication interface to communicate with the insulation detection module. There are three groups of fiber optic interfaces, one group of fiber optic interfaces to communicate with other stack controllers, one group of fiber optic interfaces to communicate with the cluster controller in this battery stack, and one group of fiber optic interfaces to communicate with the cluster controller in other battery stacks.

[0052] 2) Comprehensive processing function

[0053] The stack controller comprehensively processes all data such as battery voltage, temperature, SOC, liquid cooling unit data, fire equipment, power meters, IO modules, and insulation detection modules; and interacts with other stack controllers; and processes interactive data of the PCS system, data sent by the EMS system, etc. After comprehensive processing of all data, it is sent to the EMS system for display. The data processing scheme involved can be implemented using existing technologies.

[0054] 3) Alarm and protection functions

[0055] The stack controller processes the alarm and protection information of battery voltage, temperature, etc., the alarm and protection information of battery cluster, the alarm and protection information of liquid cooling unit, fire fighting equipment, power meter, IO module, insulation detection module, PCS and other equipment, and sends the alarm and protection information to the EMS system, and exports the protection to the main circuit breaker.

[0056] 4)Logic control function

[0057] The stack controller completes the charging and discharging functions by controlling the entire battery stack. It controls the temperature of the battery compartment and the entire device by controlling the liquid cooling unit, and completes the input and output functions such as access control, emergency stop, and protection tripping by controlling the IO module. It controls the charging and discharging power and direction of the entire stack by controlling the PCS.

[0058] 5) Redundant communication function

[0059] The current stack controller completes the redundant communication function by communicating with other stack controllers and other clusters. All fault and alarm data are transmitted between stack controllers. The cluster controller sends fault and alarm data to other stack controllers. When the communication between the stack controller and the EMS system fails, the stack controller can send the fault and alarm data to the EMS system through other stack controllers through optical fiber communication with other stack controllers. When the communication between the stack controller and the cluster controller fails, the cluster controller can send the fault and alarm data to the EMS system through other stack controllers through optical fiber communication with other stack controllers, further ensuring the safe and stable operation of the entire energy storage system.

[0060] This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the utility model. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the utility model. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the utility model, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the utility model.

Claims

1. A stack controller for a battery management system for lithium battery energy storage, wherein one stack controller corresponds to one battery stack, characterized in that: The stack controller includes: a circuit board and a ZYNQ main control chip arranged on the circuit board, wherein the ZYNQ main control chip integrates two ARM processors and a programmable logic unit FPGA, and the two ARM processors and the programmable logic unit FPGA are respectively connected via an AXI bus; The two ARM processors are the first ARM processor and the second ARM processor respectively. The first ARM processor is connected to several Ethernet interfaces, and the second ARM processor is connected to several RS485 communication interfaces and several CAN communication interfaces; the programmable logic unit FPGA is connected to 3 groups of optical fiber interfaces, among which 1 group of optical fiber interfaces is used to communicate with the cluster controller in the battery stack corresponding to the stack controller, 1 group of optical fiber interfaces is used to communicate with other stack controllers, and 1 group of optical fiber interfaces is used to communicate with the cluster controllers in the battery stacks corresponding to other stack controllers.

2. The stack controller of the battery management system for lithium battery energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are two Ethernet interfaces, which are used to communicate with the EMS system and the PCS system respectively; there are four RS485 communication interfaces, which are used to communicate with the liquid cooling unit, fire-fighting equipment, power meter, and IO module respectively; there is one CAN communication interface, which is used to communicate with the insulation detection module.

3. The stack controller of the battery management system for lithium battery energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first ARM processor is transplanted with the Linux system, and the second ARM processor is a bare metal core.

4. The stack controller of the battery management system for lithium battery energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ZYNQ main control chip is connected to at least one of an EEPROM circuit, an RTC real-time clock circuit, a communication status indicator light, a Flash circuit, and an SD card.

5. The stack controller of the battery management system for lithium battery energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ZYNQ main control chip is connected to a power conversion circuit.

6. The stack controller of the battery management system for lithium battery energy storage according to claim 2, characterized in that: The RS485 communication interface adopts the MODBUS_RTU communication protocol, the CAN communication interface adopts the CAN communication protocol, the Ethernet interface for connecting to the EMS system adopts the IEC104 communication protocol, and the Ethernet interface for connecting to the PCS system adopts the MODBUS_TCP communication protocol.

7. The stack controller of the battery management system for lithium battery energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Ethernet interface is a Gigabit Ethernet interface.

8. A battery management system for lithium battery energy storage, characterized in that: The stack controller comprises the stack controller according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and further comprises an EMS system, a PCS system, a liquid cooling unit, fire protection equipment, a power meter, an IO module, an insulation detection module, N cluster controllers, and M*N pack controllers, where N is the number of cluster controllers corresponding to the battery clusters in each battery stack, and M is the number of pack controllers corresponding to the battery packs in each battery cluster; Among them, the stack controller is connected to the EMS system and PCS system through two Ethernet interfaces, and is connected to the liquid cooling unit, fire-fighting equipment, power meter, and IO module through four RS485 communication interfaces. It is connected to the insulation detection module through one CAN communication interface and is connected to the cluster controller through one set of optical fiber interfaces. The PACK controller is connected to the cluster controller of the battery cluster in which it is located.

9. The battery management system for lithium battery energy storage according to claim 8, characterized in that: The battery management system includes multiple stack controllers, each of which corresponds to multiple battery stacks. Each stack controller is connected to other adjacent stack controllers through an optical fiber interface, and is connected to cluster controllers in the battery stacks corresponding to other adjacent stack controllers through an optical fiber interface.

Images