High-altitude rotating umbrella

Abstract

The utility model relates to a high-altitude rotating umbrella which comprises an umbrella body. The first airflow opening is formed in the center of the umbrella body, and the main cable penetrates through the first airflow opening; one ends of the first parachute cords are connected with the circumference of the first airflow opening, the other ends of the first parachute cords are connected to a rotating shaft of a first driver, and the first driver can move up and down along the main mooring rope; the plurality of second airflow openings are uniformly distributed in the umbrella body of the umbrella body in a circumferential shape; one ends of the second parachute cords are connected with the parachute periphery of the parachute body, the other ends of the second parachute cords are connected with a rotating shaft of a second driver, and the second driver can move up and down along the main cable. Air flow openings are formed in the center of the umbrella body and the umbrella body, a regular air flow channel can be formed in the umbrella body, and therefore the umbrella body can be kept stable, and when the umbrella body is opened, part of air flow in the umbrella body can be sprayed out in the tangential direction of the umbrella cover through the second air flow openings to drive the umbrella body to rotate around the main cable. And the stability of the umbrella body during high-altitude work can be maintained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of high-altitude wind energy, and in particular to a high-altitude rotating parachute. Background Art

[0002] Wind energy resources are huge and widely distributed, and wind power generation is one of the main uses of wind energy. At present, wind and solar power generation has provided about 12% of the world's electricity, becoming the main force in reducing carbon dioxide emissions.

[0003] At present, the utilization of wind energy at home and abroad is mainly based on low-altitude wind power generation provided by traditional wind turbine towers, but low-altitude wind power generation is restricted by many factors. For example, the height of the current mainstream tower is about 120m, but the wind force at this height is small, the available wind energy is small, and the low-altitude wind energy is unstable and easily affected by adverse environmental factors. In addition, the low-altitude wind power generation technology itself also has disadvantages such as large footprint, noise pollution, and difficulty in installation and maintenance. Against this background, some pioneers at home and abroad have begun to explore the development and utilization of high-altitude wind power generation, and the technological progress in related fields has also received more and more attention in recent years.

[0004] High-altitude wind power generation usually refers to the use of wind power at an altitude of 500 to 10,000 meters to generate electricity. One of the characteristics of high-altitude wind is that the wind speed is high, and the wind speed gradually increases with the distance from the ground. Wind energy is proportional to the cube of the wind speed. Although the air density decreases with the increase in altitude, the energy density it contains is still many times greater than that of surface wind. Even in wind power station areas with rich wind energy resources, the wind force on the ground is much smaller than that in the sky. Usually, the wind energy density near the ground is less than 1 kilowatt per square meter, while the wind force density in the high-altitude area can reach more than 10 kilowatts per square meter. In addition, the wind in the sky is also characterized by perennial and stable wind force, and the annual power generation time can be as high as more than 6,500 hours.

[0005] The parachute-ladder high-altitude wind power generation system is one of the existing high-altitude wind power generation systems. Among them, the generator is installed on the ground, and the reciprocating flight of the parachute-ladder assembly at high altitude drives the working cable to reciprocate and pull the ground generator turntable to rotate, thereby generating electricity. In order to ensure the normal operation of the parachute-ladder high-altitude wind power generation system, the aerial parachute assembly not only needs to avoid the problem of parachute ropes being entangled with each other, but also needs to maintain the stability of the cable as much as possible when it is pulled up, especially to reduce or avoid the risk of violent swaying that the aerial system installed on the cable may face due to airflow changes. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a stable rotating parachute for high-altitude wind energy generation.

[0007] The rotating umbrella is based on a non-axisymmetric panel configuration to achieve the jet rotation effect when the umbrella is opened. At the same time, it is equipped with a non-axisymmetric cage structure anti-entanglement belt to enhance the umbrella's rotation ability and further improve the anti-entanglement performance of the umbrella rope. Compared with the non-rotating umbrella, the rotating umbrella has higher stability and a larger drag coefficient, which can effectively alleviate the swaying of the air system in extreme airflow environments, thereby greatly improving the safety, reliability and stability of the umbrella ladder high-altitude wind power generation system.

[0008] Specifically, the present disclosure adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] A high-altitude rotating parachute, comprising

[0010] Parachute body;

[0011] a first airflow opening, arranged at the center of the parachute body, through which the main cable passes;

[0012] A plurality of first parachute lines, one end of which is connected to the circumference of the first airflow opening, and the other end of which is connected to the rotation axis of a first actuator, wherein the first actuator can move up and down along the main cable;

[0013] A plurality of second airflow openings are evenly distributed on the umbrella body in a circular shape;

[0014] A plurality of second parachute ropes, one end of which is connected to the umbrella circumference of the parachute body and the other end is connected to the rotation axis of the second driver, and the second driver can move up and down along the main cable;

[0015] The first parachute line and the second parachute line rotate around the main cable through the rotation axis of the first drive and the rotation axis of the second drive, respectively.

[0016] Preferably, the umbrella body is formed by splicing a plurality of umbrella body panels, and the second airflow opening is arranged at the splicing position of the umbrella body panels and close to the circumference of the umbrella body.

[0017] More preferably, the umbrella body piece is a non-isosceles fan-shaped piece whose first waist is longer than the second waist, and the first waist of one of the non-isosceles fan-shaped pieces is spliced ​​with the second waist of another non-isosceles fan-shaped piece at both ends and along the length direction of the second waist;

[0018] The first waist is placed on top of the second waist, and a redundant length portion of the first waist compared to the second waist is not combined with the second waist to form the second airflow opening.

[0019] More preferably, when the central angles are the same, the increase rate of the length of the bottom arc edge of the non-isosceles fan annular piece compared to the bottom arc edge of the isosceles fan annular piece with the first waist and the second waist being equal in length is not greater than 5%;

[0020] or,

[0021] When the central angles are the same, the bottom arc edge of the non-isosceles fan annular piece is equal in length to the bottom arc edge of the isosceles fan annular piece whose first waist and second waist are equal in length.

[0022] Preferably, reinforcing ribs are provided at the joints of the non-isosceles annular panels.

[0023] Preferably, the high-altitude rotating parachute is provided with a cage-type anti-entanglement mechanism along the second parachute rope in the horizontal direction to prevent the second parachute rope from being entangled.

[0024] More preferably, the second parachute rope is provided with at least two parallel anti-tangling tapes on a side close to the parachute body.

[0025] More preferably, the second parachute line is provided with at least two parallel anti-tangling belts on a side close to the parachute body and on a side close to the connection with the second driver.

[0026] Preferably, the length of the anti-tangling tape between each two adjacent second parachute lines is equal to or slightly greater than the distance between corresponding positions of each two adjacent second parachute lines.

[0027] Preferably, a plurality of parallel and inclined reinforcement belts are provided between at least two parallel anti-wrapping belts, and the reinforcement belts are inclined toward the direction of the second air flow opening.

[0028] The technical solution claimed in the present disclosure has achieved the following beneficial effects:

[0029] 1) Airflow openings are provided at the center of the parachute body and the parachute body, which is conducive to forming a regular airflow channel in the parachute body so as to keep the parachute body stable. When the parachute body is opened, part of the airflow in the parachute body will be ejected tangentially along the parachute surface through these second airflow openings, thereby driving the parachute body to rotate around the main cable through the rotating axis of the first driver and the rotating axis of the second driver, which is more conducive to maintaining the stability of the parachute body when working at high altitude and reducing the risk of swaying of the aerial system.

[0030] 2) The umbrella body is formed by splicing a number of non-isosceles fan annular pieces, which realizes the second airflow opening without reducing the windward area of ​​the original plane umbrella, thereby maintaining the corresponding work power.

[0031] 3) The design of the asymmetric, cage-type anti-entanglement mechanism not only helps to further improve the anti-entanglement effect of the parachute ropes, but also can form a rotational torque on the second parachute rope through the action of wind force, further driving the rotation of the parachute body and enhancing the stability of the aerial system including the parachute body. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are merely embodiments of the present disclosure, and a person of ordinary skill in the art can obtain other drawings based on the provided drawings without paying any creative work.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a high-altitude rotating parachute that rotates counterclockwise.

[0034] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a non-isosceles fan-shaped annular piece used for counterclockwise rotation.

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a high-altitude rotating parachute that rotates clockwise.

[0036] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a non-isosceles fan-shaped annular cutting piece for clockwise rotation.

[0037] Reference numerals:

[0038] 10-main cable; 20-first drive; 30-parachute body; 31-reinforcement rib; 32-second airflow opening; 33-first airflow opening; 40-second parachute rope; 50-anti-entanglement belt; 51-reinforcement belt; 60-second drive. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present disclosure clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] As attached Figure 1As shown, the parachute body 30 of the high-altitude rotating parachute in this embodiment is connected to the main cable 10, one end of the main cable 10 is connected to other aerial units or mooring systems at the upper part, and the other end is connected to other aerial units or ground equipment at the lower part. The first driver 20 is arranged above the parachute body and can move up and down within the interval set on the main cable 10. A first airflow opening 33 is left at the top of the parachute body 30, and the main cable passes through the first airflow opening 33. At the first airflow opening 33, several first parachute ropes sequentially connect the top circumference of the parachute body 30 to the rotating shaft of the first driver 20. Compared with the airtight design of the top of the parachute, the first airflow opening in this embodiment is conducive to forming a regular airflow channel in the parachute body, so as to be more conducive to maintaining the stability of the parachute body when working. When the first driver 20 moves on the main cable 10, it can drive the top part of the parachute body 30 to move up and down. The parachute body 30 is also provided with a plurality of second airflow openings 32, and each second airflow opening 32 is evenly distributed on the parachute body 30 in a circular shape.

[0042] Preferably, the umbrella body 30 is formed by splicing a plurality of umbrella body panel units, and there are wrapped reinforcing ribs 31 at all splicing seams to enhance the tensile strength of the umbrella body. At each seam of the umbrella body 30 close to the circumference of the umbrella, at least one second airflow opening 32 with a one-way opening is reserved. When the umbrella body is opened, part of the airflow in the umbrella body will be ejected tangentially along the umbrella surface through these second airflow openings 32, thereby driving the umbrella body to rotate around the main cable. At the end of each reinforcing rib 31 around the umbrella, a second parachute rope 40 is connected, and the other end of the second parachute rope 40 is connected to the rotating shaft of the second driver 60 located below the umbrella body and also installed on the main cable 10. The second driver 60 can also move up and down on the main cable 10 within a set range, and cooperate with the first driver 20 to realize the opening and closing action of the umbrella body 30.

[0043] In a preferred solution, at least two anti-entanglement tapes 50 are sewn in parallel in sequence at appropriate positions of the second parachute cords 40 near the parachute body 30. The parallel distance can be adjusted and optimized according to the specific implementation situation. The length of the anti-entanglement tape 50 between each two adjacent second parachute cords 40 needs to be equal to or slightly greater than the distance between the two adjacent second parachute cords 40 at the corresponding position, so that the anti-entanglement tape 50 can prevent the second parachute cords 40 from being knotted and entangled with each other during the opening process of the parachute body 30, and at the same time does not interfere with the normal opening of the parachute body 30.

[0044] In a more preferred solution, between the top anti-entanglement belt 50 and the bottom anti-entanglement belt 50 (for example, three parallel anti-entanglement belts 50 may be provided), a plurality of reinforcing belts 51 are evenly sewn diagonally across at least one set of second parachute lines 40. The number of reinforcing belts 51 may be the same as the number of second parachute lines, or may be reduced according to actual conditions, and the inclination direction thereof shall be consistent with the direction of the second airflow opening 32. The reinforcing belts 51 may be made of a lightweight parachute cloth material of a certain width.

[0045] The asymmetric cage-type anti-entanglement mechanism formed by the reinforcing belt 51 and the anti-entanglement belt 50 is conducive to further improving the anti-entanglement effect of the second parachute rope 40. At the same time, the inclined design of the reinforcing belt 51 enables a rotational force to be generated when wind acts on it and is transmitted to the circumference of the parachute body through the second parachute rope, thereby greatly improving the rotation ability of the parachute body 30.

[0046] In a more preferred solution, considering that the lower portion of the second parachute cord 40 may be entangled on the second driver 60, in addition to ensuring the overall smooth design of the second driver, corresponding anti-entanglement belts 50 and reinforcement belts 51 may be added near the second parachute cord near the second driver 60 as appropriate.

[0047] Specifically, the realization of the second airflow opening 32 of the umbrella surface mainly depends on the design of the non-isosceles fan annular cut piece. Figure 2 The design and production of traditional flat umbrellas are generally realized by using isosceles fan ring pieces, that is, the fan ring waist size R0 of each piece is exactly the same, and then these waists are spliced ​​in pairs to form a traditional flat umbrella. In order to achieve the effect of unidirectional air holes, the waist of the piece is redesigned in this embodiment.

[0048] According to the design rotation direction of the umbrella body 30 and the size requirements of the air hole opening, the first waist of each umbrella cloth piece is appropriately extended to a length of R1 (the central angle remains the same), and then the bottom arc edge A0 of the original isosceles fan ring is rotated (rotation angle is α) and extended, and connected with the fan ring waist of length R1 to obtain the bottom arc edge A1, and the length increase rate of the arc edge A1 relative to the arc edge A0 is preferably not more than 5%. The non-isosceles fan ring configuration formed by the above design is the final umbrella cover piece effect.

[0049] In the actual processing, the first waist of each piece with a length of R1 is spliced ​​with the second waist (unextended waist) of the adjacent piece with a length of R0, wherein the edge of the first waist with a length of R0 is at the bottom, and the edge of the second waist with a length of R1 is at the top. The first waist of one non-isosceles fan annular piece is spliced ​​with the second waist of another non-isosceles fan annular piece at both ends and along the length direction of the second waist. Since R1 is longer than R0, when sewing to the opening position of the second airflow opening 32 around the umbrella, the splicing edge of the first waist and the second waist is not sewn, so that a one-way air hole with an appropriate opening size is formed.

[0050] If observed from the top of the umbrella to the ground, the embodiment is attached Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 The effect presented is counterclockwise rotation. If you want to achieve a clockwise rotation effect, you only need to change the inclination direction of the reinforcing belt 51 of the anti-wrapping belt 50, and at the same time, adjust the waist and arc edge design of the corresponding fan ring in the design of the cut piece (refer to the attached Figure 3 and attached Figure 4 ) to achieve it.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] This embodiment is suitable for the case where the umbrella surface is larger.

[0053] As attached Figure 1 As shown, the parachute body 30 of the high-altitude rotating parachute in this embodiment is connected to the main cable 10, one end of the main cable 10 is connected to other aerial units or mooring systems at the upper part, and the other end is connected to other aerial units or ground equipment at the lower part. The first driver 20 is arranged above the parachute body and can move up and down within the interval set on the main cable 10. A first airflow opening 33 is left at the top of the parachute body 30, and the main cable passes through the first airflow opening 33. At the first airflow opening 33, several first parachute ropes sequentially connect the top circumference of the parachute body 30 to the rotating shaft of the first driver 20. Compared with the airtight design of the top of the parachute, the first airflow opening in this embodiment is conducive to forming a regular airflow channel in the parachute body, so as to be more conducive to maintaining the stability of the parachute body when working. When the first driver 20 moves on the main cable 10, it can drive the top part of the parachute body 30 to move up and down. The parachute body 30 is also provided with a plurality of second airflow openings 32, and each second airflow opening 32 is evenly distributed on the parachute body 30 in a circular shape.

[0054] Preferably, the umbrella body 30 is formed by splicing a plurality of umbrella body panel units, and there are wrapped reinforcing ribs 31 at all splicing seams to enhance the tensile strength of the umbrella body. At each seam of the umbrella body 30 close to the circumference of the umbrella, at least one second airflow opening 32 with a one-way opening is reserved. When the umbrella body is opened, part of the airflow in the umbrella body will be ejected tangentially along the umbrella surface through these second airflow openings 32, thereby driving the umbrella body to rotate around the main cable. At the end of each reinforcing rib 31 around the umbrella, a second parachute rope 40 is connected, and the other end of the second parachute rope 40 is connected to the rotating shaft of the second driver 60 located below the umbrella body and also installed on the main cable 10. The second driver 60 can also move up and down on the main cable 10 within a set range, and cooperate with the first driver 20 to realize the opening and closing action of the umbrella body 30.

[0055] In a preferred solution, at least two anti-entanglement tapes 50 are sewn in parallel in sequence at appropriate positions of the second parachute cords 40 near the parachute body 30. The parallel distance can be adjusted and optimized according to the specific implementation situation. The length of the anti-entanglement tape 50 between each two adjacent second parachute cords 40 needs to be equal to or slightly greater than the distance between the two adjacent second parachute cords 40 at the corresponding position, so that the anti-entanglement tape 50 can prevent the second parachute cords 40 from being knotted and entangled with each other during the opening process of the parachute body 30, and at the same time does not interfere with the normal opening of the parachute body 30.

[0056] In a more preferred solution, between the top anti-entanglement belt 50 and the bottom anti-entanglement belt 50 (for example, three parallel anti-entanglement belts 50 may be provided), a plurality of reinforcing belts 51 are evenly sewn diagonally across at least one set of second parachute lines 40. The number of reinforcing belts 51 may be the same as the number of second parachute lines, or may be reduced according to actual conditions, and the inclination direction thereof shall be consistent with the direction of the second airflow opening 32. The reinforcing belts 51 may be made of a lightweight parachute cloth material of a certain width.

[0057] The asymmetric cage-type anti-entanglement mechanism formed by the reinforcing belt 51 and the anti-entanglement belt 50 is conducive to further improving the anti-entanglement effect of the second parachute rope 40. At the same time, the inclined design of the reinforcing belt 51 enables a rotational force to be generated when wind acts on it and is transmitted to the circumference of the parachute body through the second parachute rope, thereby greatly improving the rotation ability of the parachute body 30.

[0058] In a more preferred solution, considering that the lower portion of the second parachute cord 40 may be entangled on the second driver 60, in addition to ensuring the overall smooth design of the second driver, corresponding anti-entanglement belts 50 and reinforcement belts 51 may be added near the second parachute cord near the second driver 60 as appropriate.

[0059] Specifically, the realization of the second airflow opening 32 of the umbrella surface mainly depends on the design of the non-isosceles fan annular cut piece. Figure 2The design and production of traditional flat umbrellas are generally realized by using isosceles fan ring pieces, that is, the fan ring waist size R0 of each piece is exactly the same, and then these waists are spliced ​​in pairs to form a traditional flat umbrella. In order to achieve the effect of unidirectional air holes, the waist of the piece is redesigned in this embodiment.

[0060] According to the design rotation direction of the umbrella body 30 and the size requirements of the air hole opening, the first waist of each umbrella cloth piece is appropriately extended to a length of R1 (the central angle remains the same), and then the bottom arc edge A0 of the original isosceles fan ring is rotated (the rotation angle is α). In this embodiment, only the bottom arc edge A0 is rotated without extending A0 to A1, and then the direction of the first waist with a length of R1 is appropriately adjusted so that it is directly connected to the end point of the bottom arc edge A1. This operation can ensure that the windward area of ​​the umbrella body 30 is consistent with that of a traditional flat umbrella.

[0061] In the actual processing, the first waist of each piece with a length of R1 is spliced ​​with the second waist (unextended waist) of the adjacent piece with a length of R0, wherein the edge of the first waist with a length of R0 is at the bottom, and the edge of the second waist with a length of R1 is at the top. The first waist of one non-isosceles fan annular piece is spliced ​​with the second waist of another non-isosceles fan annular piece at both ends and along the length direction of the second waist. Since R1 is longer than R0, when sewing to the opening position of the second airflow opening 32 around the umbrella, the splicing edge of the first waist and the second waist is not sewn, so that a one-way air hole with an appropriate opening size is formed.

[0062] If observed from the top of the umbrella to the ground, the embodiment is attached Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 The effect presented is counterclockwise rotation. If you want to achieve a clockwise rotation effect, you only need to change the inclination direction of the reinforcing belt 51 of the anti-wrapping belt 50, and at the same time, adjust the waist and arc edge design of the corresponding fan ring in the design of the cut piece (refer to the attached Figure 3 and attached Figure 4 ) to achieve it.

[0063] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative descriptions of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Without departing from the design spirit of the present disclosure, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present disclosure by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A high altitude rotating parachute, characterized in that: include Parachute body (30); A first airflow opening (33) is arranged at the center of the parachute body (30), and a main cable (10) passes through the first airflow opening (33); a plurality of first parachute lines, one end of which is connected to the circumference of the first airflow opening (33) and the other end of which is connected to the rotation axis of a first driver (20), wherein the first driver (20) is capable of moving up and down along the main cable (10); A plurality of second airflow openings (32) are evenly distributed in a circumferential shape on the umbrella body (30); a plurality of second parachute ropes (40), one end of which is connected to the circumference of the parachute body (30) and the other end of which is connected to the rotation axis of a second driver (60), wherein the second driver (60) can move up and down along the main cable (10); The first parachute line and the second parachute line rotate around the main cable (10) via a rotation axis of the first driver (20) and a rotation axis of the second driver (60), respectively.

2. The high-altitude rotating parachute according to claim 1, characterized in that: The umbrella body (30) is formed by splicing a plurality of umbrella body panels, and the second airflow opening (32) is arranged at the splicing position of the umbrella body panels and close to the circumference of the umbrella body (30).

3. The high-altitude rotating parachute according to claim 2, characterized in that: The umbrella body piece is a non-isosceles fan-shaped piece whose first waist is longer than the second waist, and the first waist of one of the non-isosceles fan-shaped pieces is joined with the second waist of another non-isosceles fan-shaped piece at both ends and along the length direction of the second waist; The first waist is placed on top of the second waist, and the excess length of the first waist compared to the second waist is not combined with the second waist to form the second air flow opening (32).

4. The high-altitude rotating parachute according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the central angles are the same, the increase rate of the length of the bottom arc edge of the non-isosceles fan annular piece compared to the bottom arc edge of the isosceles fan annular piece with the first waist and the second waist being equal in length is not greater than 5%; or, When the central angles are the same, the bottom arc edge of the non-isosceles fan annular piece is equal in length to the bottom arc edge of the isosceles fan annular piece whose first waist and second waist are equal in length.

5. The high-altitude rotating parachute according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: Reinforcing ribs (31) are provided at the joints of the non-isosceles annular cut pieces.

6. The high-altitude rotating parachute according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-altitude rotating parachute is provided with a cage-type anti-entanglement mechanism along the second parachute rope (40) in the horizontal direction, which is used to prevent the second parachute rope (40) from being entangled.

7. The high-altitude rotating parachute according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second parachute rope (40) is provided with at least two parallel anti-entanglement belts (50) on a side close to the parachute body (30).

8. The high-altitude rotating parachute according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second parachute rope (40) is provided with at least two parallel anti-entanglement belts (50) on a side close to the parachute body (30) and on a side close to the connection with the second driver (60).

9. The high-altitude rotating parachute according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The length of the anti-entanglement belt (50) between each two adjacent second parachute cords (40) is equal to or slightly greater than the distance between corresponding positions of the two adjacent second parachute cords (40).

10. The high-altitude rotating parachute according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: A plurality of parallel and inclined reinforcement bands (51) are arranged between at least two of the parallel anti-wrapping bands (50), and the reinforcement bands (51) are inclined in the direction of the second air flow opening (32).

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