High-pressure solid hydrogen storage bottle
By designing high-pressure solid hydrogen storage bottles and combining high-pressure and solid hydrogen storage technologies, the problems of low hydrogen storage capacity and high energy consumption in the existing hydrogen storage methods are solved, and efficient and safe hydrogen storage and rapid hydrogen refueling are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202323507267.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-12-22
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-07
- Estimated Expiration
- 2033-12-22
AI Technical Summary
The existing high-pressure gas hydrogen storage methods and low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage methods have problems such as low hydrogen storage capacity, short transportation distance, high energy consumption and high cost. Although the solid hydrogen storage method has high hydrogen storage density, it has a complex technology and high cost. Use on a large scale.
A high-pressure solid hydrogen storage bottle is designed, combining high-pressure hydrogen storage and solid hydrogen storage, adopting solid hydrogen storage columns and support structures, and a built-in heat exchanger pipeline and filter plate to achieve rapid hydrogen regeneration and efficient hydrogen storage.
It realizes that high-pressure solid hydrogen storage bottles can both have high-pressure hydrogen storage and solid-state adsorption and storage, which improves hydrogen storage, has the effect of rapid hydrogen regeneration and good safety, and can carry pressures of ≤70MPa.
Smart Images
Figure CN222316670U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to a high-pressure hydrogen storage container, in particular to a high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage bottle. Background Art
[0002] Under normal conditions, hydrogen exists in gaseous form. It is colorless, odorless, flammable and explosive, which brings great difficulties to the storage and transportation of hydrogen.
[0003] The most mature hydrogen storage method is high-pressure gas hydrogen storage, which is currently the main method of on-board hydrogen storage. Most of them are 20 MPa, which has very high requirements for containers. There are bottlenecks such as low hydrogen storage and transportation capacity and short transportation distance.
[0004] In addition to the above-mentioned high-pressure gas hydrogen storage method, there is also a low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage method. The low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage method compresses hydrogen and places it in a low-temperature environment to make it liquid. The liquefaction temperature of hydrogen is -253°C. In order to keep hydrogen liquid, it must have excellent insulation protection, and the volume and weight of the insulation layer are often equivalent to the hydrogen storage capacity. In addition, this storage method is easy to volatilize, and the energy consumption and cost are very high.
[0005] In addition, there are organic hydrogen storage methods and solid-state hydrogen storage methods. The organic hydrogen storage method has low hydrogen purity and requires synthesis and cracking. Compared with high-pressure gas hydrogen storage methods and low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage methods, the solid-state hydrogen storage method has a high hydrogen storage capacity and does not require high-pressure or insulated containers. Solid-state hydrogen storage materials mainly include hydrogen storage alloys, nanomaterials, and graphene materials. Although solid-state hydrogen storage has the advantages of high hydrogen storage density, good safety, and high hydrogen purity, the technology is complex, the cost of precious metals is high, and the overall device is heavy, and it has not yet been used on a large scale. Utility Model Content
[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is: to provide a high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage bottle which combines high-pressure hydrogen storage and solid-state hydrogen storage. The high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage bottle has both high-pressure hydrogen storage and solid-state adsorption hydrogen storage, and can achieve the purposes of rapid hydrogenation and increased hydrogen storage capacity.
[0007] In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is: the high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage bottle comprises: a hydrogen storage bottle body, a bottle mouth valve is installed at the bottle mouth of the hydrogen storage bottle body, and a bottle tail valve is installed at the bottle tail opening of the hydrogen storage bottle body; a solid-state hydrogen storage column is arranged in the inner cavity of the hydrogen storage bottle body, the solid-state hydrogen storage column is supported in the inner cavity of the hydrogen storage bottle body by a plurality of supporting structures, and the right end of the solid-state hydrogen storage column is connected to the bottle tail valve; an end plate made of a filter plate is fixedly arranged on the left end surface of the solid-state hydrogen storage column; a heat exchange agent pipeline is arranged in the solid-state hydrogen storage column.
[0008] Furthermore, in the aforementioned high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage bottle, the support structure includes: a support tube fixed on the inner cavity wall of the hydrogen storage bottle body, a plurality of support rods fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the support tube, and the other end of each support rod fixedly connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage column.
[0009] Furthermore, in the aforementioned high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage bottle, each support rod is evenly spaced relative to the inner wall of the support tube, the axes of each support rod converge at one point, and the axes of each support rod are perpendicular to the axis of the support tube.
[0010] Furthermore, in the aforementioned high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage bottle, the number of the support rods is preferably set to four.
[0011] Furthermore, in the aforementioned high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage bottle, the structure of the solid-state hydrogen storage column comprises: an outer shell, in the inner cavity of which are distributed a main heat exchange channel, a plurality of branch heat exchange channels, a plurality of hydrogen channels and a plurality of solid-state hydrogen storage material strips; the main heat exchange channel is located in the middle position of the inner cavity of the outer shell, and the branch heat exchange channels are evenly spaced around the main heat exchange channel, and the hydrogen channels and the solid-state hydrogen storage material strips are filled in the gaps among the main heat exchange channel, the branch heat exchange channels and the inner cavity wall of the outer shell.
[0012] The structure of the heat exchange agent pipeline is as follows: a heat exchange agent main pipeline is inserted in the main heat exchange channel, and a heat exchange agent branch pipeline is inserted in each branch heat exchange channel respectively; the left end portion of the heat exchange agent main pipeline extending out of the left end of the main heat exchange channel passes through the first through hole on the end plate and is connected with the left annular circular pipe through a plurality of connecting pipes, and the left end portions of each heat exchange agent branch pipeline extending out of the left end of the corresponding branch heat exchange channel passes through the corresponding second through hole on the end plate and is connected with the left annular circular pipe; the right end portion of the heat exchange agent main pipeline extending out of the right end of the main heat exchange channel passes through the bottle tail valve and extends out of the bottle tail valve, the right end open mouth of the heat exchange agent main pipeline is the heat exchange agent inlet, the right end portions of each heat exchange agent branch pipeline extending out of the right end of the corresponding branch heat exchange channel are connected with the right annular circular pipe, the right annular circular pipe is clamped between the solid hydrogen storage column and the bottle tail valve, an outlet connecting pipe is arranged on the right annular circular pipe, the outlet connecting pipe passes through the bottle tail valve and extends out of the bottle tail valve, and the right end open mouth of the outlet connecting pipe is the heat exchange agent outlet.
[0013] Furthermore, in the aforementioned high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage bottle, the shell of the solid hydrogen storage column is preferably a shell of a hexagonal cylindrical structure made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy material, and the number of the sub-heat exchange channels is preferably set to six. Here, the cross-section of the inner cavity of the shell is divided into 96 equal triangles, wherein the cross-section of the main heat exchange channel occupies the hexagonal area formed by the six triangles located in the center; the cross-section of each sub-heat exchange channel occupies the rhombus area formed by two triangles; the cross-section of each hydrogen channel occupies the area where a triangle is located, and the number of hydrogen channels is set to 42; the cross-section of each solid-state hydrogen storage material strip occupies the area where a triangle is located, and the number of solid-state hydrogen storage material strips is set to 36.
[0014] Among them, a more preferred solution is: the end plate is made of a filter plate that can smoothly pass hydrogen and block particles ≥1mm, the first through hole on the end plate is consistent with the shape and size of the cross section of the main heat exchange channel, and the second through holes on the end plate are consistent with the shape and size of the cross section of the sub-heat exchange channel.
[0015] Among them, a more preferred solution is: the solid-state hydrogen storage material strips are made of solid-state hydrogen storage materials with an operating temperature of ≤100°C, such as A2B, AB, AB5, AB2, AB3-3.5, and there is a hydrogen channel or a sub-heat exchange channel or a main heat exchange channel between each adjacent solid-state hydrogen storage material strip, and the contact part of each hydrogen channel with the solid-state hydrogen storage material strip can pass hydrogen and can block particles ≥1mm.
[0016] The beneficial effect of the utility model is that the above structure combines high-pressure hydrogen storage and solid-state hydrogen storage, integrating the advantages of the two, so that the high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage bottle has both high-pressure hydrogen storage and solid-state adsorption hydrogen storage, achieving the purposes of rapid hydrogenation and increasing hydrogen storage capacity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage bottle described in the utility model.
[0018] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the connection between the support structure in the BB section direction and the unsectioned solid hydrogen storage column.
[0019] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the local enlarged structure of part A.
[0020] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the positions of the main channel and the sub-channel of the heat exchanger in the solid hydrogen storage column.
[0021] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the left end of the heat exchanger main channel and the left ends of the six heat exchanger branch channels and the left annular circular pipe.
[0022] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the end plate.
[0023] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a solid-state hydrogen storage column.
[0024] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the right ends of the six heat exchanger sub-channels and the right annular circular pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] The technical solution of the present utility model is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.
[0026] For the convenience of description, this embodiment uses Figure 1 The left-hand direction shown is defined as "left", with Figure 1 The right-hand side direction shown is defined as "right", and all directional terms involved in the present invention are based on this definition. In addition, in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "left" and "right" are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.
[0027] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.
[0028] A high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage bottle described in this embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes: a hydrogen storage bottle body, the hydrogen storage bottle body includes an inner liner 1 and a carbon fiber layer 2 wound and fixed on the inner liner 1, and the inner liner 1 can be a plastic inner liner or a metal inner liner. A bottle mouth valve 3 is installed at the bottle mouth of the hydrogen storage bottle body, and a bottle tail valve 4 is installed at the bottle tail opening of the hydrogen storage bottle body. A solid hydrogen storage column 6 is arranged in the inner cavity of the inner liner 1, and the solid hydrogen storage column 6 is supported in the inner cavity of the inner liner 1 by a plurality of supporting structures 5, and the right end of the solid hydrogen storage column 6 is connected to the bottle tail valve 4. The size of the bottle tail opening of the hydrogen storage bottle body can allow the solid hydrogen storage column 6 to pass through, so that the solid hydrogen storage column 6 can be screwed into the inner cavity of the inner liner 1 through the bottle tail valve 4, and the installation is more convenient.
[0029] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the support structure 5 in this embodiment includes: a support tube 51 fixed on the inner cavity wall of the inner tank 1, a plurality of support rods 52 are fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the support tube 51, and the other end of each support rod 52 is fixedly connected to the solid hydrogen storage column 6.
[0030] The positions of the support rods 52 are preferably set to the following positions: the support rods 52 are evenly spaced relative to the inner wall of the support tube 51, the axes of the support rods 52 converge at one point, and the axes of the support rods 52 are perpendicular to the axis of the support tube 51. In addition, the number of the support rods 52 is preferably set to four.
[0031] like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, an end plate 7 is fixedly provided on the left end surface of the solid hydrogen storage column 6, and the end plate 7 covers the left end surface of the solid hydrogen storage column 6. The end plate 7 is made of a filter plate that can smoothly pass hydrogen and can block particles ≥1mm.
[0032] like Figure 4 As shown, a heat exchanger pipeline is provided in the solid hydrogen storage column 6, and the heat exchanger pipeline is used to provide the cold and heat sources required for absorbing and releasing hydrogen inside the solid hydrogen storage column 6.
[0033] like Figure 7 As shown, the structure of the solid hydrogen storage column 6 in this embodiment includes: an outer shell 65, which is made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy plate. In the inner cavity of the outer shell 65, there are distributed a main heat exchange channel 61, a plurality of sub-heat exchange channels 62, a plurality of hydrogen channels 64 and a plurality of solid hydrogen storage material strips 63. Among them, the main heat exchange channel 61 is located in the middle position of the inner cavity of the outer shell 65, and each sub-heat exchange channel 62 is evenly spaced around the main heat exchange channel 61, and each hydrogen channel 64 and each solid hydrogen storage material strip 63 are filled in the gap between the main heat exchange channel 61, each sub-heat exchange channel 62 and the outer shell 65. Among them, the solid hydrogen storage material strip 63 is made of solid hydrogen storage materials such as A2B, AB, AB5, AB2, AB3-3.5 with a use temperature of ≤100°C.
[0034] The structure of the heat exchanger pipeline is as follows: Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 8As shown, a heat exchange main pipe 81 is inserted in the main heat exchange channel 61, and a heat exchange branch pipe 82 is inserted in each branch heat exchange channel 62. The left end of the heat exchange main pipe 81 extending out of the left end of the main heat exchange channel 61 passes through the first through hole 71 on the end plate 7 and is connected to the left annular pipe 84 through a plurality of connecting pipes 83. The left end of each heat exchange branch pipe 82 extending out of the corresponding branch heat exchange channel 62 passes through the corresponding second through hole 72 on the end plate 7 and is connected to the left annular pipe 85. The right end of the heat exchanger main pipeline 81 extending out of the right end of the main heat exchange channel 61 passes through the bottle tail valve 4 and then extends out of the bottle tail valve 4. The right end open mouth of the heat exchanger main pipeline 81 is the heat exchanger inlet. The right end of each heat exchanger branch pipeline 82 extending out of the right end of the corresponding branch heat exchange channel 62 is connected to the right annular circular tube 85. The right annular circular tube 85 is clamped between the solid hydrogen storage column 6 and the bottle tail valve 4. An outlet connecting pipe 86 is arranged on the right annular circular tube 85. The outlet connecting pipe 86 passes through the bottle tail valve 4 and then extends out of the bottle tail valve 4. The right end open mouth of the outlet connecting pipe 86 is the heat exchanger outlet.
[0035] When providing the cold and heat sources required for absorbing and releasing hydrogen inside the solid hydrogen storage column 6, the flow route of the heat exchanger is: the heat exchanger enters the heat exchanger main pipeline 81 through the heat exchanger inlet, flows from the right end to the left end of the heat exchanger main pipeline 81 until it flows to the left end of the heat exchanger main pipeline 81, and then flows into the left annular pipe 84 through each connecting pipe 83, and then is branched through each heat exchanger branch pipeline 82, flows from the left end to the right end of each heat exchanger branch pipeline 82, until it flows to the right end of each heat exchanger branch pipeline 82, and then gathers into the right annular pipe 85, and finally flows out of the heat exchanger outlet through the outlet connecting pipe 86.
[0036] The setting of the heat exchanger pipeline can not only provide timely and sufficient heat and cold for the conventional hydrogen absorption and heat release, and hydrogen release and heat absorption processes of the solid hydrogen storage material, but also provide a cooling method for the hydrogen temperature rise caused by the high-speed hydrogenation process. The cooling method is provided by the outer shell 65 of the solid hydrogen storage column 6 and the supporting structures 5. Each supporting structure 5 has the function of supporting and exchanging heat, thereby ensuring the safe and rapid use of the hydrogen storage bottle.
[0037] In this embodiment, the number of the sub-heat exchange channels 62 is preferably set to six. The outer shell is preferably a hexagonal cylindrical structure, and the cross section of the inner cavity of the outer shell 65 is divided into 96 equal triangles, wherein the cross section of the main heat exchange channel 61 occupies the hexagonal area formed by the six triangles located in the center; the cross section of each sub-heat exchange channel 62 occupies the rhombus area formed by two triangles, such as Figure 7 The rhombuses marked with grid cross-section lines are all rhombus positions occupied by the heat exchange channels 62. The cross section of each hydrogen channel 64 occupies the area of a triangle, as shown in FIG. Figure 7The blank triangles without any section mark are all triangular positions occupied by hydrogen channels 64, and the number of hydrogen channels 64 is set to 42. The cross section of each solid hydrogen storage material strip 63 occupies the area of a triangle, as shown in FIG. Figure 7 As shown, the triangles marked with inclined section lines are all triangular positions occupied by solid hydrogen storage material strips 63, and the number of the solid hydrogen storage material strips 63 is set to 36.
[0038] More preferably, Figure 6 As shown, the first through holes 71 on the end plate 7 are consistent in shape and size with the cross section of the main heat exchange channel 61 , and the second through holes 72 on the end plate 7 are consistent in shape and size with the cross section of the sub-heat exchange channel 62 .
[0039] There is a hydrogen channel 64 or a sub-heat exchange channel 62 or a main heat exchange channel 61 between two adjacent solid hydrogen storage material strips 63, and the contact portion of each hydrogen channel 64 with the solid hydrogen storage material strip 63 can pass hydrogen and block particles ≥ 1 mm. The solid hydrogen storage triangle area can be fully in contact with hydrogen.
[0040] The above structure combines high-pressure hydrogen storage and solid-state hydrogen storage, integrating the advantages of the two, so that the high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage bottle can not only store high-pressure hydrogen, but also realize solid-state adsorption hydrogen storage, achieving the purpose of rapid hydrogenation and increasing hydrogen storage capacity. The high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage bottle can withstand a pressure of ≤70MPa.
[0041] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any other limitation on the present invention. Any modification or equivalent change made based on the technical essence of the present invention still falls within the scope of protection required by the present invention.
Claims
1. A high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage bottle, comprising: A hydrogen storage bottle body, a bottle mouth valve is installed at the bottle mouth of the hydrogen storage bottle body, and a bottle tail valve is installed at the bottle tail opening of the hydrogen storage bottle body; it is characterized in that: a solid hydrogen storage column is arranged in the inner cavity of the hydrogen storage bottle body, the solid hydrogen storage column is supported in the inner cavity of the hydrogen storage bottle body by a plurality of supporting structures, and the right end of the solid hydrogen storage column is connected to the bottle tail valve; an end plate made of a filter plate is fixedly arranged on the left end surface of the solid hydrogen storage column; a heat exchange agent pipeline is arranged in the solid hydrogen storage column.
2. A high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage bottle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support structure comprises: a support tube fixed on the inner cavity wall of the hydrogen storage bottle body, a plurality of support rods are fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the support tube, and the other end of each support rod is fixedly connected to the solid hydrogen storage column.
3. A high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage bottle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The support rods are evenly spaced relative to the inner wall of the support tube, the axes of the support rods converge at one point, and the axes of the support rods are perpendicular to the axis of the support tube.
4. A high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage bottle according to claim 3, characterized in that: The number of the support rods is set to four.
5. A high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage bottle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The structure of the solid hydrogen storage column comprises: a shell, in the inner cavity of the shell, a main heat exchange channel, a plurality of sub-heat exchange channels, a plurality of hydrogen channels and a plurality of solid hydrogen storage material strips are distributed; the main heat exchange channel is located in the middle of the inner cavity of the shell, the sub-heat exchange channels are evenly spaced around the main heat exchange channel, and the hydrogen channels and the solid hydrogen storage material strips are filled in the gaps between the main heat exchange channel, the sub-heat exchange channels and the shell; The structure of the heat exchange agent pipeline is as follows: a heat exchange agent main pipeline is inserted in the main heat exchange channel, and a heat exchange agent branch pipeline is inserted in each branch heat exchange channel respectively; the left end portion of the heat exchange agent main pipeline extending out of the left end of the main heat exchange channel passes through the first through hole on the end plate and is connected with the left annular circular pipe through a plurality of connecting pipes, and the left end portions of each heat exchange agent branch pipeline extending out of the left end of the corresponding branch heat exchange channel passes through the corresponding second through hole on the end plate and is connected with the left annular circular pipe; the right end portion of the heat exchange agent main pipeline extending out of the right end of the main heat exchange channel passes through the bottle tail valve and extends out of the bottle tail valve, the right end open mouth of the heat exchange agent main pipeline is the heat exchange agent inlet, the right end portions of each heat exchange agent branch pipeline extending out of the right end of the corresponding branch heat exchange channel are connected with the right annular circular pipe, the right annular circular pipe is clamped between the solid hydrogen storage column and the bottle tail valve, an outlet connecting pipe is arranged on the right annular circular pipe, the outlet connecting pipe passes through the bottle tail valve and extends out of the bottle tail valve, and the right end open mouth of the outlet connecting pipe is the heat exchange agent outlet.
6. A high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage bottle according to claim 5, characterized in that: The shell of the solid hydrogen storage column is a shell of a hexagonal cylindrical structure made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy material, and the number of the sub-heat exchange channels is set to six; The cross-section of the inner cavity of the shell is divided into 96 equal triangles, among which the cross-section of the main heat exchange channel occupies the hexagonal area formed by the six triangles located in the center; the cross-section of each sub-heat exchange channel occupies the rhombus area formed by two triangles; the cross-section of each hydrogen channel occupies the area of one triangle, and the number of hydrogen channels is set to 42; the cross-section of each solid-state hydrogen storage material strip occupies the area of one triangle, and the number of solid-state hydrogen storage material strips is set to 36.
7. A high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage bottle according to claim 6, characterized in that: The end plate is made of a filter plate that can smoothly pass hydrogen and block particles ≥1mm. The first through hole on the end plate is consistent with the shape and size of the cross section of the main heat exchange channel, and the second through holes on the end plate are consistent with the shape and size of the cross section of the sub-heat exchange channel.
8. A high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage bottle according to claim 6, characterized in that: Solid-state hydrogen storage material strips are made of solid-state hydrogen storage material with a use temperature of ≤100°C, and there is a hydrogen channel or a sub-heat exchange channel or a main heat exchange channel between two adjacent solid-state hydrogen storage material strips.