Rock stratum drilling cutterhead and drilling assembly

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of mining, and provides a rock stratum drilling cutterhead and a drilling assembly, the rock stratum drilling cutterhead comprises a cutterhead main body, a cutter assembly, a center pre-crushing assembly and an edge pre-crushing assembly; the center pre-crushing assembly is used for pressing a rock stratum located in the center of the cutter head body so that the rock stratum in the center can be fractured. The edge pre-crushing assembly is used for pressing a rock stratum at the edge which is located in the cutter head main body and located outside the center, so that the rock stratum at the edge is fractured, and a fracturing crack of the rock stratum at the edge is connected or crossed with a fracturing crack of the rock stratum at the center; and the cutter assembly rotates to cut the fractured rock stratum. According to the utility model, the center pre-crushing assembly and the edge pre-crushing assembly can be used for fracturing rocks at axial frequency, so that the structural strength and rigidity of the rocks cut by the cutter assembly are dynamically reduced in real time, the tunneling efficiency is improved, and the tunneling difficulty is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of mining, in particular to a rock formation drilling cutter head and a drilling assembly. Background Art

[0002] In the mining technology field of coal, metal mines, etc., tunneling is an indispensable construction process. Tunneling is the work of excavating various shapes, sections or crisscrossing wells, lanes, and caves in rock and soil layers or mineral layers. The basic process of excavating soft rock is generally to excavate the rock through a mechanical tunneling machine. If excavation is carried out by pneumatic picks, tunneling machines or other methods, the excavation operation has the characteristics of continuous operation.

[0003] When excavating hard rock, due to the high hardness of the rock formation, the excavation efficiency of conventional tunnel boring machines is low, and the tunneling teeth of the tunnel boring machine are easily damaged, and the maintenance costs of the tunnel boring machine are high. Therefore, the commonly used construction method at present is blasting, and its processes include drilling, charging, blasting, rock loading, tunnel support, etc. Although the blasting method can improve the excavation efficiency, the energy generated by the explosion of explosives during blasting breaks the rock formation, which has a large uncertainty and cannot accurately shape the tunnel section, resulting in uneven tunnel walls and the risk of falling gravel. At the same time, the shock wave generated by the explosion during blasting poses a great safety hazard, especially when excavating underground, blasting also has the risk of causing gas and mine dust explosions.

[0004] There are also cutterheads for excavating hard rocks on the market. These cutterheads are generally made by improving the excavation teeth to increase the hardness of the excavation teeth. On the one hand, the cost of the excavation teeth is high. On the other hand, the phenomenon of broken teeth and lost teeth during the excavation process has not been significantly improved, and the excavation cost is high.

[0005] Therefore, based on the above technical problems, a rock drilling cutter disc and drilling assembly are needed. By improving the overall structure of the drilling cutter disc, there is no need to specially improve the excavation teeth, which is conducive to cooperating with existing excavation teeth to crush the rock. Utility Model Content

[0006] The utility model aims to provide a rock formation drilling cutter disc and a drilling assembly, wherein the rock formation drilling cutter disc generates cracks in hard rock formations by adding a pre-crushing component, thereby reducing the hardness of the rock formation, which is beneficial to improving the drilling effect and drilling efficiency.

[0007] The utility model provides a rock formation drilling cutter disc and a drilling assembly, comprising:

[0008] Cutter disc body, cutter assembly, center pre-crushing assembly and edge pre-crushing assembly;

[0009] The central pre-crushing assembly is movably arranged at the center of the cutter disc body along the axial direction of the cutter disc body, and the central pre-crushing assembly is used to press the rock formation located at the center of the cutter disc body to fracture the rock formation at the center;

[0010] The edge pre-crushing assembly comprises at least two groups, each of which is arranged in a circumferential array around the central pre-crushing assembly, and the edge pre-crushing assembly can be arranged on the cutter disc body movably along the axial direction of the cutter disc body, and the edge pre-crushing assembly is used to press the rock formation at the edge located inside the cutter disc body and outside the center, so as to fracture the rock formation at the edge, and make the fractured cracks of the rock formation at the edge connect or cross with the fractured cracks of the rock formation at the center;

[0011] The tool assembly includes at least two groups, each of which is arranged on the cutter disc body and arranged in a circumferential array around the central pre-crushing assembly. Each of the tool assemblies and each of the edge pre-crushing assemblies are staggered along the circumference of the cutter disc body. The tool assembly includes a tool holder and a plurality of tools mounted on the tool holder. The tools are used to rotate with the cutter disc body to cut the fractured rock formation.

[0012] Optionally, the edge pre-crushing assembly includes an edge crushing frame and a plurality of edge crushing heads, the edge crushing frame extending radially along the cutter disc body, the edge crushing heads being arranged on the edge crushing frame at intervals along the radial direction of the cutter disc body, the edge crushing heads being movably arranged on the edge crushing frame along the axial direction of the cutter disc body, and the edge crushing heads being used to press on the rock formation at the edge to fracture the rock formation at the edge.

[0013] Optionally, the edge pre-crushing assembly is configured as follows: within the edge pre-crushing assembly, from the center of the cutter disc body along its radial direction outward, each edge crushing head is pressed on the rock formation at the edge in turn, so that the rock formation at the edge is fractured layer by layer from the inside to the outside along the radial direction of the cutter disc body.

[0014] Optionally, the central pre-crushing assembly comprises a central pressure head, a hydraulic injection head, a valve, and a front cylinder body and a rear cylinder body connected and arranged in an axial direction, wherein the front cylinder body comprises a front inner cylinder and a front outer cylinder coaxially arranged, and a closed annular hydraulic chamber is formed between the outer circumferential surface of the front inner cylinder and the inner circumferential surface of the front outer cylinder;

[0015] A portion of the central pressure head is located in the front inner cylinder and can slide along the axial seal of the front inner cylinder, the front end of the central pressure head extends out of the front inner cylinder, a plurality of injection heads are provided and located at the front end of the front cylinder body, each of the injection heads is arranged around the central pressure head, and the injection head has an injection channel connected to the annular hydraulic cavity, and the front end of the central pressure head extends forward beyond the front end of the injection head;

[0016] The rear end of the front cylinder body is provided with a damping hole for communicating the inner cavity of the front inner cylinder with the inner cavity of the rear cylinder body, and a flow hole for communicating the annular hydraulic cavity with the inner cavity of the rear cylinder body;

[0017] The rear cylinder body is provided with a liquid supply hole communicating with its inner cavity, the valve is arranged in the inner cavity of the rear cylinder body, and the valve is sealed in the flow hole;

[0018] The central pressure head is configured as follows: when the central pressure head is pressed on the rock formation, the central pressure head slides backward along the axial direction of the front inner cylinder, and makes the liquid in the inner cavity of the front inner cylinder flow to the inner cavity of the rear cylinder through the damping hole, and the central pressure head drives the valve to move to open the flow hole so that the liquid in the rear cylinder flows out through the flow hole, the annular hydraulic cavity and the injection head in sequence, and at the same time opens the liquid supply hole so that the liquid supply hole replenishes high-pressure liquid into the rear cylinder; the high-pressure liquid drives the central pressure head to slide forward along the axial direction of the front inner cylinder, and synchronously drives the valve to move to close the flow hole, and at the same time closes the liquid supply hole.

[0019] Optionally, the central pressure head includes a pressure head, a connecting rod and a piston, the rear end of the pressure head is located in the front inner cylinder and can slide along the axial direction of the front inner cylinder, and the front end of the pressure head extends out of the front inner cylinder; the front end of the connecting rod is connected to the rear end of the pressure head, and the rear end sliding seal of the connecting rod passes through the rear end of the front inner cylinder and extends into the inner cavity of the rear cylinder body, the inner cavity of the rear cylinder body includes a front cavity and a rear cavity connected from front to rear along the axial direction of the front inner cylinder, the inner diameter of the rear cavity is the same as the inner diameter of the front inner cylinder, the piston is arranged in the rear cavity along the axial direction of the rear cylinder body and is connected to the rear end of the connecting rod, the liquid supply hole is connected to the rear cavity, the piston opens the liquid supply hole when the pressure head moves backward along the axial direction of the front inner cylinder, and the piston seals the liquid supply hole when the pressure head moves forward along the axial direction of the front inner cylinder.

[0020] Optionally, the central pressure head also includes a push plate, which is connected to the connecting rod and located in the inner cavity of the rear cylinder body. The valve is sealed and pressed against the flow hole forward along the axial direction of the front inner cylinder through an elastic member. When the push plate moves backward along the axial direction of the front inner cylinder with the connecting rod, the valve is pushed backward to open the flow hole.

[0021] Optionally, the injection head includes a head and a mounting portion, the rear end of the head is connected to the front end of the mounting portion, the connection between the head and the mounting portion has a shoulder, the outer diameter of the mounting portion gradually increases and then gradually decreases from front to rear along the axial direction of the front inner cylinder, a mounting hole adapted to the mounting portion is opened at the front end of the front cylinder body, the mounting portion is conformally mounted in the mounting hole, and the head is located outside the mounting hole, and the shoulder is pressed backward on the front end of the front cylinder body along the axial direction of the front inner cylinder.

[0022] Optionally, the edge pre-crushing assembly also includes a driving wheel, which can be driven to rotate and is arranged on the crushing frame, the rotation axis of the driving wheel is perpendicular to the axial direction of the cutter disc body, and a plurality of cam grooves are arranged on the driving wheel, each of the cam grooves is matched with each of the crushing heads one by one, and one end of the crushing head extends into the cam groove; each of the cam grooves has a phase difference so that when the driving wheel rotates, from the center of the cutter disc body along its radial outward, each of the crushing heads is driven by the cam groove in turn to move forward along the axial direction of the cutter disc body.

[0023] Optionally, the front end of the edge crushing head has an injection hole, and the injection hole is used to connect with the high-pressure injection equipment.

[0024] The utility model also provides a drilling assembly, which comprises the rock formation drilling cutter disc mentioned above.

[0025] In the utility model, when the cutter head body rotates or is stationary, the central pre-crushing assembly and the edge pre-crushing assembly can axially fracture the rock, so as to dynamically reduce the structural strength and rigidity of the rock cut by the cutter assembly in real time, which is beneficial to improving the excavation efficiency and reducing the excavation difficulty. The drilling cutter head does not need to specially improve the excavation teeth, which is beneficial to cooperate with the existing excavation teeth to crush the rock formation.

[0026] In the utility model, the rock layer at the center is fractured first, and the edge crushing heads move forward radially from the inside to the outside in sequence along the axial direction of the cutter head body; then, in the rock layer at the edge within the excavation area, the rock layer radially close to the center pre-crushing assembly is fractured first, that is, the area closest to the center rock layer is fractured. Since some of the fine cracks in the center rock formation will spread radially outward after fracturing, the rock formation area close to the center rock formation is relatively fragile. Therefore, the rock formation area corresponding to the radially innermost edge crushing head is a weak area and is easier to be fractured; similarly, after the rock formation is fractured by the innermost edge crushing head, the fine cracks in the fractured rock formation will partially extend radially outward, and similarly a relatively weak rock formation area is formed in the radially outward area. Therefore, the rock formation area corresponding to the edge crushing head adjacent to the innermost edge crushing head is a weak area and is easier to be fractured; similarly, each edge crushing head is pressed radially from the inside to the outside in turn on the relatively weak area of ​​the rock formation, which is beneficial to fracturing the rock formation and achieving a better fracturing effect on the one hand, and on the other hand, it is also convenient to reduce the pressure required for fracturing the rock formation, and it is also beneficial to reduce the risk of damage to the edge crushing head by reducing the pressure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a rock formation drilling cutterhead according to Embodiment 1 of the present utility model;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of an edge pre-crushing assembly according to the first embodiment of the utility model;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the phase structure of each cam groove of the driving wheel in a certain posture of the first embodiment of the utility model;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of a central pre-crushing assembly according to Embodiment 1 of the present utility model;

[0031] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the edge pre-crushing component of the second embodiment of the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following is a further detailed description of the rock formation drilling cutter disc and drilling assembly proposed by the utility model in combination with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The advantages and features of the utility model will become clearer according to the following description. It should be noted that the accompanying drawings are all in a very simplified form and are not in precise proportions, and are only used to conveniently and clearly assist in explaining the purpose of the embodiments of the utility model.

[0033] In this embodiment, the axial direction of the cutter head body 10, the axial direction of the center pressure head 31, the axial direction of the injection head 32, the axial direction of the front cylinder body 34, and the axial direction of the rear cylinder body 35 are all parallel to each other. The forward direction is the side of the cutter head body 10 that is close to the rock formation along its axial direction during the excavation process, and the rearward direction is the side of the cutter head body 10 that is away from the rock formation along its axial direction during the excavation process.

[0034] Please refer to Figure 1 As shown, the rock drilling cutterhead includes:

[0035] The cutter head body 10, the cutter assembly 20, the central pre-crushing assembly 30 and the edge pre-crushing assembly 40;

[0036] The cutterhead body 10 is annular in shape and is used to cooperate with the drive system of the tunneling equipment so that the drive system drives the cutterhead body 10 to rotate along its own axis. The cutterhead body 10 can also adjust its shape based on different adaptability of usage scenarios.

[0037] The central pre-crushing assembly 30 is movable along the axial direction of the cutter head body 10 and is disposed at the center of the cutter head body 10. The central pre-crushing assembly 30 is used to press the rock formation located at the center of the cutter head body 10 to fracture the rock formation at the center. The tool assembly 20 and the edge pre-crushing assembly 40 are connected between the cutter head body 10 and the central pre-crushing assembly 30 to improve the overall structural strength and rigidity of the rock formation drilling cutter head.

[0038] In this embodiment, the rock layer located at the center of the cutter disc body 10 refers to the position of the rock layer opposite to the center of the cutter disc body 10 during the rotation and excavation of the cutter disc body 10, specifically refers to the position of the rock layer opposite to the central pre-crushing assembly 30; the rock layer at the edge refers to the position of the remaining rock layers in the rock layer opposite to the cutter disc body 10 except the rock layer at the center.

[0039] The central pre-crushing assembly 30 is cylindrical as a whole and is coaxially arranged with the cutter head body 10. When the cutter head body 10 rotates during excavation or before the excavation rotation, the central pre-crushing assembly 30 can be driven to move axially for fracturing the rock formation at the center, so that cracks are generated in the rock formation at the center of the excavation range, and a part of the cracks will spread radially outward.

[0040] The edge pre-crushing assembly 40 includes at least two groups, each of which is arranged in a circumferential array around the central pre-crushing assembly 30. The edge pre-crushing assembly 40 can be arranged on the cutter head body 10 axially movable, and the edge pre-crushing assembly 40 is used to press on the edge rock layer located inside the cutter head body 10 and outside the center, so as to fracture the edge rock layer, and make the fractured cracks of the edge rock layer connect or cross with the fractured cracks of the center rock layer. Specifically, the distance between the fracturing position of the edge pre-crushing assembly 40 and the pressure position of the central pre-crushing assembly 30 can be adjusted to ensure that the fractures of the two fractures are crossed or connected. The smaller the distance between the two, the easier it is for the fractures of the two fractures to cross or connect.

[0041] Please refer to Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, there are four groups of edge pre-crushing components 40, and the four groups of edge pre-crushing components 40 are symmetrically arranged with the central axis of the cutter head body 10 as the center.

[0042] In other alternative embodiments, the edge pre-breaking assemblies 40 may be provided in two, three or more groups.

[0043] The edge pre-crushing assembly 40 is used to press the edge rock formation within the excavation range, so that the rock formation along the edge is fractured to generate cracks, and the cracks are connected or crossed with the cracks in the center of the rock formation. By adjusting the fracturing positions of the center pre-crushing assembly 30 and the edge pre-crushing assembly 40 to ensure that the two cracks can cross or connect, the cracks are uniformly generated in the entire excavation area, thereby reducing the local strength and stiffness of the rock formation, which is beneficial to excavation and crushing.

[0044] The tool assembly 20 includes at least two groups, each of which is arranged on the cutter head body 10 and is arranged in a circumferential array around the central pre-crushing assembly 30. Each of the tool assemblies 20 and each of the edge pre-crushing assemblies 40 are staggered along the circumference of the cutter head body 10, so that there is a gap between the tool assembly 20 and the adjacent edge pre-crushing assembly 40 for the crushed rock to pass through.

[0045] The tool assembly 20 includes a tool holder 21 and a plurality of tools 22 mounted on the tool holder 21 . The tools 22 are used to rotate with the cutter head body 10 to cut the fractured rock formation.

[0046] Please refer to Figure 1As described, in the present embodiment, there are four groups of tool assemblies 20, and the four groups of tool assemblies 20 are symmetrically arranged with the central axis of the cutter disc body 10 as the center, and the four groups of tool assemblies 20 are respectively cross-arranged with the four groups of edge pre-crushing assemblies 40, so that the rock cracks generated by the edge pre-crushing assemblies 40 are evenly distributed between adjacent tool assemblies 20. In other alternative embodiments, the number of tool assemblies 20 can be adaptively adjusted based on the number of edge pre-crushing assemblies 40, and the number of the two should be the same. The tool holder 21 is also connected between the cutter disc body 10 and the central pre-crushing assembly 30 as a radial support beam to ensure the radial stiffness and strength of the cutter disc body 10. The tool holder 21 and the tool 22 both adopt the structure of the existing tunneling machine, which will not be repeated here.

[0047] In the actual excavation process, when the cutter head body 10 rotates, the central pre-crushing assembly 30 and the edge pre-crushing assembly 40 can move axially at a set frequency, and then the tool assembly 20 rotates to fracture the rock at the set frequency, so as to dynamically reduce the structural strength and rigidity of the rock cut by the tool assembly 20 in real time, which is conducive to improving the excavation efficiency and reducing the difficulty of excavation. The drilling cutter head does not need to make special improvements to the excavation teeth, which is conducive to cooperating with the existing excavation teeth to crush the rock formation. In other alternative embodiments, the central pre-crushing assembly 30 and the edge pre-crushing assembly 40 can also be driven to move axially before the cutter head body 10 rotates for excavation, so as to fracture the rock formation to be excavated in advance.

[0048] The edge pre-crushing assembly 40 includes an edge crushing frame 41 and a plurality of edge crushing heads 42. The edge crushing frame 41 extends radially along the cutter disc body 10. The edge crushing heads 42 are arranged on the edge crushing frame 41 at intervals along the radial direction of the cutter disc body 10. The edge crushing heads 42 are arranged on the edge crushing frame 41 movably along the axial direction of the cutter disc body 10. The edge crushing heads 42 are used to press on the rock formation at the edge to fracture the rock formation at the edge.

[0049] Please refer to Figure 1 As shown, the edge crushing frame 41 can be a common steel beam structure, which is radially extended and connected between the cutter head body 10 and the central pre-crushing assembly 30. The edge crushing heads 42 can be hydraulically driven to move the edge crushing heads 42. In this embodiment, four edge crushing heads 42 are provided, and the four edge crushing heads 42 extend in the radial direction, so that the edge crushing heads 42 uniformly crush the rock formation at the edge in the radial direction, thereby uniformly crushing the rock formation in the excavation area to reduce the hardness of the rock formation as a whole.

[0050] The edge pre-crushing assembly 40 is configured as follows: inside the edge pre-crushing assembly 40, from the center of the cutter disc body 10 along its radial direction outward, each edge crushing head 42 is pressed on the rock formation at the edge in sequence, so that the rock formation at the edge is fractured layer by layer from the inside to the outside along the radial direction of the cutter disc body 10.

[0051] Please refer to Figure 1 As shown, first, the central pre-crushing assembly 30 is actuated to fracture the rock formation at the center, and the four edge crushing heads 42 move radially from the inside to the outside in sequence along the axial direction of the cutter head body 10, so that the rock formation at the edge is fractured layer by layer radially from the inside to the outside; in the rock formation at the edge within the excavation area, the rock formation radially close to the central pre-crushing assembly 30 is fractured first, that is, the area closest to the central rock formation is fractured. After the rock formation at the center is fractured, some of the fine cracks will spread radially outward, making the rock formation area close to the center relatively fragile. Therefore, the rock formation area corresponding to the radially innermost edge crushing head 42 is a weak area and is easier to be fractured. Similarly, after the rock formation is fractured by the innermost edge crushing head 42, the fine cracks in the fractured rock formation will partially extend radially outward, and similarly, a relatively weak rock formation area is formed in the radially outward area. Therefore, the rock formation area corresponding to the edge crushing head 42 adjacent to the innermost edge crushing head 42 is a weak area and is easier to be fractured. Similarly, each edge crushing head 42 is pressed radially from the inside to the outside in turn on the relatively weak area of ​​the rock formation. On the one hand, it is beneficial to fracture the rock formation and achieve a better fracturing effect. On the other hand, it is also convenient to reduce the pressure required for fracturing the rock formation, and it is also beneficial to reduce the risk of damage to the edge crushing head 42 by reducing the pressure.

[0052] The driving structure of each edge crushing head 42 in the edge pre-crushing assembly 40 is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the edge pre-crushing assembly 40 also includes a driving wheel 43, and the driving wheel 43 can be driven to rotate and is arranged on the crushing frame 41, and the rotation axis of the driving wheel 43 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the cutter disc body 10. A plurality of cam grooves 44 are arranged on the driving wheel 43, and each of the cam grooves 44 is matched with each of the crushing heads 42 one by one, and one end of the crushing head 42 extends into the cam groove 44; each of the cam grooves 44 has a phase difference so that when the driving wheel 43 rotates, from the center of the cutter disc body 10 along its radial outward, each of the crushing heads 42 is driven by the cam groove 44 in turn to move forward along the axial direction of the cutter disc body 10.

[0053] Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, Figure 34 shows the posture and phase difference of the outer contour of the bottom of each cam groove 44 when the driving wheel 43 is in a certain posture. In this embodiment, four cam grooves 44 are provided on the driving wheel 43, namely, the first cam groove 441, the second cam groove 442, the third cam groove 443, and the fourth cam groove 444, and the four cam grooves correspond to the four edge crushing heads 42 in sequence. Figure 3 The circumferential outer contours of the bottoms of the four cam grooves are shown in the figure, wherein the phase difference between the cam grooves is 45°. The first cam groove 441 is located closest to the central pre-crushing assembly 30. First, the first cam groove 441 drives the corresponding edge crushing head 42 to move axially forward to the highest point. At this time, the edge crushing head 42 is used to fracturing the rock formation in the corresponding area. The second cam groove 442 has a phase difference of 45° with the first cam groove 441, and the position of the corresponding edge crushing head 42 driven by the second cam groove 442 is relatively low. Similarly, the third cam groove 443 has a phase difference of 45° with the second cam groove 442, and the position of the corresponding edge crushing head 42 driven by the third cam groove 443 is even lower. Similarly, the corresponding edge crushing head 42 driven by the fourth cam groove 444 is also located at a low position. Figure 3 When the corresponding driving wheel 43 rotates clockwise, the edge crushing head 42 corresponding to the first cam groove 441 is lowered, and then the edge crushing heads 42 corresponding to the second cam groove 442, the third cam groove 443, and the fourth cam groove 444 are raised in sequence, wherein the second cam groove 442 drives the corresponding edge crushing head 42 to move to the highest point, at which time the edge crushing head 42 is used to fracturing the rock formation in the corresponding area; and so on, and then the third cam groove 443 and the fourth cam groove 444 drive the corresponding edge crushing head 42 to move to the highest point in sequence, at which time the edge crushing head 42 is used to fracturing the rock formation in the corresponding area.

[0054] Figure 2 In order to ensure good resetting of the edge crushing head 42, a disc spring 45 is further added to the edge crushing head 42, and the disc spring 45 is used to provide elastic force for the edge crushing head 42 to move axially backward.

[0055] Furthermore, the central pre-crushing assembly 30 includes a central pressure head 31, a liquid injection head 32, a valve 33, and a front cylinder body 34 and a rear cylinder body 35 connected in an axial arrangement. There is high-pressure liquid inside the front cylinder body 34 and the rear cylinder body 35, and the liquid can be water. The front cylinder body 34 includes a coaxially arranged front inner cylinder 341 and a front outer cylinder 342, and a closed annular hydraulic chamber 343 is formed between the outer circumferential surface of the front inner cylinder 341 and the inner circumferential surface of the front outer cylinder 342.

[0056] A part of the central pressure head 31 is located in the front inner cylinder 341 and can slide along the axial seal of the front inner cylinder 341. The front end of the central pressure head 31 extends out of the front inner cylinder 341. The injection head 32 is provided with a plurality of injection heads 32 and is located at the front end of the front cylinder body 34. Each injection head 32 is arranged around the central pressure head 31. In this embodiment, the injection head 32 is arranged in two circles around the central pressure head 31, and each circle is provided with a plurality of central pressure heads 31. The injection head 32 has an injection channel connected to the annular hydraulic chamber 343. The injection head 32 is used to press on the rock and to inject high-pressure liquid into the fractured rock formation to locally enlarge the crack. The annular hydraulic chamber 343 is connected to the outside through the injection channel, so the pressure in the annular hydraulic chamber 343 is relatively small. The front end of the central pressure head 31 extends forward beyond the front end of the injection head 32. When the central pre-crushing assembly 30 is pressed on the rock formation, it is ensured that the central pressure head 31 is pressed on the rock formation first. When the central pressure head 31 slides backward, the injection head 32 is gradually pressed on the rock formation to achieve the effect of radial layer-by-layer fracturing.

[0057] The rear end of the front cylinder body 34 is provided with a damping hole 344 that connects the inner cavity of the front inner cylinder 341 with the inner cavity of the rear cylinder body 35, and a flow hole 345 that connects the annular hydraulic cavity 343 with the inner cavity of the rear cylinder body 35; the damping hole 344 provides a damping force for the flow of liquid, and the flow hole 345 ensures that the liquid flows normally in the two chambers, therefore, the aperture of the damping hole 344 is smaller than the aperture of the flow hole 345.

[0058] The rear cylinder body 35 is provided with a liquid supply hole 351 connected to its inner cavity, and the liquid supply hole is used to connect an external liquid supply device, for example, the liquid supply hole 351 is externally connected to a high-pressure liquid supply pipeline; the valve 33 is arranged in the inner cavity of the rear cylinder body 35, and the valve 33 is sealed in the flow hole 345.

[0059] Please continue to refer to Figure 4 As shown, the central pressure head 31 includes a pressure head 311, a connecting rod 312 and a piston 313. The rear end of the pressure head 311 is located in the front inner cylinder 341 and can slide in an axial sealing manner along the front inner cylinder 341. A sealing ring or a sealing ring can be provided between the pressure head 311 and the inner wall of the front inner cylinder 341 to achieve a pressure-bearing sliding seal of the pressure head 311 relative to the front inner cylinder 341. The front end of the pressure head 311 extends out of the front inner cylinder 341, and the pressure head 311 is a conical head with an outer diameter gradually increasing from front to back along the axial direction to improve the fracturing effect.

[0060] The front end of the connecting rod 312 is connected to the rear end of the pressure head 311 , and the rear end of the connecting rod 312 slides and seals through the rear end of the front inner cylinder 341 and extends into the inner cavity of the rear cylinder body 35 .

[0061] The inner cavity of the rear cylinder 35 includes a front cavity 352 and a rear cavity 353 connected from front to rear along the axial direction of the front inner cylinder 341. The outer contour of the rear cylinder 35 is a stepped shaft structure with a larger front cavity and a smaller rear cavity, so a larger front cavity 352 and a smaller rear cavity 353 are formed in the rear cylinder 35. In this embodiment, an auxiliary liquid injection cylinder 36 is also added, and the auxiliary liquid injection cylinder 36 is covered at the rear end of the rear cylinder 35, and the liquid supply hole 351 is connected to the inner cavity of the auxiliary liquid injection cylinder 36. A plurality of liquid supply holes 351 are evenly arranged along the circumference of the rear cavity 353. The auxiliary liquid injection cylinder 36 is externally connected to a high-pressure liquid injection pipe so that high-pressure liquid is injected into the auxiliary liquid injection cylinder 36. When the liquid supply holes 351 are opened, the high-pressure liquid in the auxiliary liquid injection cylinder 36 is quickly and evenly injected into the rear cavity 353 through each liquid supply hole 351.

[0062] The inner diameter of the rear cavity 353 is the same as the inner diameter of the front inner cylinder 341. The piston 313 is slidably disposed in the rear cavity 353 along the axial direction of the rear cylinder 35 and is connected to the rear end of the connecting rod 312. Figure 4 As shown, the setting of the piston 313 isolates an independent buffer chamber 3531 in the rear chamber 353, and the part of the rear chamber 353 that is connected to the front chamber 352 forms a liquid chamber, and the buffer chamber 3531 is an air chamber. When the pressure head 311 and the piston 313 slide backward synchronously, the volume of the inner chamber of the front inner cylinder 341 decreases by the same amount as the increase in the volume of the liquid chamber in the rear cylinder 35.

[0063] The liquid supply hole 351 is connected to the rear cavity 353. The piston 313 opens the liquid supply hole 351 when the pressure head 311 moves backward along the axial direction of the front inner cylinder 341, and seals the liquid supply hole 351 when the pressure head 311 moves forward along the axial direction of the front inner cylinder 341.

[0064] The central pressure head 31 also includes a push plate 354, which is connected to the connecting rod 312 and located in the inner cavity of the rear cylinder body 35. The valve 33 is sealed and pressed forward along the axial direction of the front inner cylinder 341 on the flow hole 345 through the elastic member 50. The elastic member 50 can be a disc spring, a reed or other elastic structure. The valve 33 is annular in structure as a whole, and a shift rod 331 is connected to the middle of the valve. When the push plate 354 moves backward along the axial direction of the front inner cylinder 341 with the connecting rod 312, the push plate 354 pushes the shift rod 331 and then pushes the valve 33 backward to open the flow hole 345. When the push plate 354 moves forward, the valve 33 is driven to reset by the elastic member 50.

[0065] Therefore, the overall movement process of the center pressure head 31 is as follows: the cutter head body 10 is driven to move forward as a whole, so that when the pressure head 311 is pressed on the rock formation, the pressure head 311 is pressed to slide backward along the axial direction of the front inner cylinder 341, and the liquid in the inner cavity of the front inner cylinder 341 flows through the damping hole 344 to the inner cavity of the rear cylinder body 35. Due to the damping force provided by the damping hole 344, the center pressure head 31 moves backward at a relatively slow speed at this time, so the liquid in the front inner cylinder 341 can provide sufficient support force for the center pressure head 31 to enable the center pressure head 31 to fracture the rock formation. The smaller the aperture of the damping hole 344, the slower the movement speed of the center pressure head 31, and the greater the support force provided by the liquid in the front inner cylinder 341 for the center pressure head 31.

[0066] The liquid in the front inner cylinder 341 flows into the inner cavity of the rear cylinder body 35, so that the hydraulic pressure in the inner cavity of the rear cylinder body 35 increases, and the piston 313 and the push plate 354 move backward synchronously. The push plate 354 contacts the valve 33 and drives the valve 33 to move backward to open the flow hole 345. At the same time, the piston 313 moves backward to open the liquid supply hole 351, so that the liquid supply hole 351 replenishes high-pressure liquid into the rear cylinder body 35. The high-pressure liquid further increases the hydraulic pressure of the inner cavity of the rear cylinder body 35, so that the liquid in the inner cavity of the rear cylinder body 35 flows into the annular hydraulic cavity 343 through the flow hole 345, and flows out through the injection head 32 to be injected into the rock cracks. The injected high-pressure liquid synchronously drives the valve 33 to move forward to reseal the flow hole 345, and part of the high-pressure liquid will flow back into the front inner cylinder 341 through the damping hole 344, and drive the pressure head 311 and the piston 313 to move forward, the piston 313 reseals the liquid supply hole 351, and then the pressure head 311 performs the next rock pressure action.

[0067] Please continue to refer to Figure 4 As shown, the injection head 32 includes a head 321 and a mounting portion 322. The rear end of the head 321 is connected to the front end of the mounting portion 322. The connection between the head 321 and the mounting portion 322 has a shoulder 323. The outer diameter of the mounting portion 322 gradually increases and then gradually decreases from front to back along the axial direction of the front inner cylinder 341. Figure 4 The middle mounting portion 322 is generally elliptical in structure, and a mounting hole matching the mounting portion 322 is provided at the front end of the front cylinder body 34. The mounting portion 322 is conformally mounted in the mounting hole by external force, so that the injection head 32 is automatically axially positioned. The head 321 is located outside the mounting hole, and the shoulder 323 is pressed backward on the front end of the front cylinder body 34 along the axial direction of the front inner cylinder 341, and the shoulder is supported on the front end of the front cylinder body 34 to provide a supporting force for the injection head 32 to press on the rock formation.

[0068] The present embodiment also provides a drilling assembly, which includes the rock formation drilling cutter disc described above, wherein the drilling assembly can be a common tunnel boring machine or a shield machine, and the drilling assembly also includes a walking system, a driving system, etc. The remaining structure of the drilling assembly is consistent with the existing structure and will not be repeated here.

[0069] Embodiment 2

[0070] The present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the structure of the edge crushing head 42 and the structure driving the edge crushing head 42 to move are different.

[0071] The front end of the edge crushing head 42 has a liquid injection hole 421, and the liquid injection hole is used to connect with the high-pressure liquid injection device, such as a high-pressure pump. When the edge crushing head 42 is pressed on the rock formation, the high-pressure liquid is injected into the liquid injection hole 421 through the high-pressure liquid injection device, so that the high-pressure liquid can be injected into the rock formation cracks through the liquid injection hole 421 to expand the rock formation cracks.

[0072] In this embodiment, a hydraulic cylinder 46 is disposed at the tail of each edge crushing head 42, and each edge crushing head 42 is driven to move in sequence by independently controlling each hydraulic cylinder 46.

[0073] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0074] The above description is only a description of the preferred embodiment of the utility model, and is not any limitation to the scope of the utility model. Any changes and modifications made by ordinary technicians in the field of the utility model based on the above disclosure shall fall within the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A rock formation drilling cutterhead, characterized in that: include: Cutter disc body, cutter assembly, center pre-crushing assembly and edge pre-crushing assembly; The central pre-crushing assembly is movably arranged at the center of the cutter disc body along the axial direction of the cutter disc body, and the central pre-crushing assembly is used to press the rock formation located at the center of the cutter disc body to fracture the rock formation at the center; The edge pre-crushing assembly comprises at least two groups, each of which is arranged in a circumferential array around the central pre-crushing assembly, and the edge pre-crushing assembly can be arranged on the cutter disc body movably along the axial direction of the cutter disc body, and the edge pre-crushing assembly is used to press the rock formation at the edge located inside the cutter disc body and outside the center, so as to fracture the rock formation at the edge, and make the fractured cracks of the rock formation at the edge connect or cross with the fractured cracks of the rock formation at the center; The tool assembly includes at least two groups, each of which is arranged on the cutter disc body and arranged in a circumferential array around the central pre-crushing assembly. Each of the tool assemblies and each of the edge pre-crushing assemblies are staggered along the circumference of the cutter disc body. The tool assembly includes a tool holder and a plurality of tools mounted on the tool holder. The tools are used to rotate with the cutter disc body to cut the fractured rock formation.

2. The rock formation drilling cutterhead according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central pre-crushing assembly includes a central pressure head, a hydraulic injection head, a valve, and a front cylinder body and a rear cylinder body connected in an axial arrangement, wherein the front cylinder body includes a front inner cylinder and a front outer cylinder arranged coaxially, and a closed annular hydraulic chamber is formed between the outer circumference of the front inner cylinder and the inner circumference of the front outer cylinder; A portion of the central pressure head is located in the front inner cylinder and can slide along the axial seal of the front inner cylinder, the front end of the central pressure head extends out of the front inner cylinder, a plurality of injection heads are provided and located at the front end of the front cylinder body, each of the injection heads is arranged around the central pressure head, and the injection head has an injection channel connected to the annular hydraulic cavity, and the front end of the central pressure head extends forward beyond the front end of the injection head; The rear end of the front cylinder body is provided with a damping hole for communicating the inner cavity of the front inner cylinder with the inner cavity of the rear cylinder body, and a flow hole for communicating the annular hydraulic cavity with the inner cavity of the rear cylinder body; The rear cylinder body is provided with a liquid supply hole communicating with its inner cavity, the liquid supply hole is used to connect an external liquid supply device, the valve is arranged in the inner cavity of the rear cylinder body, and the valve is sealed in the flow hole; The central pressure head is configured as follows: when the central pressure head is pressed on the rock formation, the central pressure head slides backward along the axial direction of the front inner cylinder, and makes the liquid in the inner cavity of the front inner cylinder flow to the inner cavity of the rear cylinder through the damping hole, and the central pressure head drives the valve to move to open the flow hole so that the liquid in the rear cylinder flows out through the flow hole, the annular hydraulic cavity and the injection head in sequence, and at the same time opens the liquid supply hole so that the liquid supply hole replenishes high-pressure liquid into the rear cylinder; the high-pressure liquid drives the central pressure head to slide forward along the axial direction of the front inner cylinder, and synchronously drives the valve to move to close the flow hole, and at the same time closes the liquid supply hole.

3. The rock formation drilling cutterhead according to claim 2, characterized in that: The central pressure head comprises a pressure head, a connecting rod and a piston, the rear end of the pressure head is located in the front inner cylinder and can slide in an axial sealing manner along the front inner cylinder, and the front end of the pressure head extends out of the front inner cylinder; the front end of the connecting rod is connected to the rear end of the pressure head, and the rear end sliding seal of the connecting rod passes through the rear end of the front inner cylinder and extends to the inner cavity of the rear cylinder body, and the inner cavity of the rear cylinder body comprises a front cavity and a rear cavity connected from front to rear along the axial direction of the front inner cylinder, the inner diameter of the rear cavity is the same as the inner diameter of the front inner cylinder, the piston is arranged in the rear cavity along the axial sealing sliding of the rear cylinder body and is connected to the rear end of the connecting rod, the liquid supply hole is connected to the rear cavity, and the piston opens the liquid supply hole when the pressure head moves backward along the axial direction of the front inner cylinder, and the piston seals the liquid supply hole when the pressure head moves forward along the axial direction of the front inner cylinder.

4. The rock formation drilling cutterhead according to claim 3, characterized in that: The central pressure head also includes a push plate, which is connected to the connecting rod and located in the inner cavity of the rear cylinder body. The valve is sealed and pressed forward on the flow hole along the axial direction of the front inner cylinder through an elastic member. When the push plate moves backward along the axial direction of the front inner cylinder with the connecting rod, it pushes the valve backward to open the flow hole.

5. The rock formation drilling cutterhead according to claim 2, characterized in that: The injection head includes a head and a mounting portion, the rear end of the head is connected to the front end of the mounting portion, and a shoulder is provided at the connection between the head and the mounting portion. The outer diameter of the mounting portion gradually increases and then gradually decreases from front to rear along the axial direction of the front inner cylinder. A mounting hole adapted to the mounting portion is provided at the front end of the front cylinder body, the mounting portion is conformably mounted in the mounting hole, and the head is located outside the mounting hole, and the shoulder is pressed backward on the front end of the front cylinder body along the axial direction of the front inner cylinder.

6. The rock formation drilling cutterhead according to claim 1, characterized in that: The edge pre-crushing assembly includes an edge crushing frame and a plurality of edge crushing heads, the edge crushing frame extends radially along the cutter disc body, the edge crushing heads are arranged on the edge crushing frame at intervals along the radial direction of the cutter disc body, the edge crushing heads are arranged on the edge crushing frame movably along the axial direction of the cutter disc body, and the edge crushing heads are used to press on the rock formation at the edge to fracture the rock formation at the edge.

7. The rock formation drilling cutterhead according to claim 6, characterized in that: The edge pre-crushing assembly is configured as follows: inside the edge pre-crushing assembly, from the center of the cutter disc body along its radial direction outward, each edge crushing head presses on the rock formation at the edge in turn, so that the rock formation at the edge is fractured layer by layer from the inside to the outside along the radial direction of the cutter disc body.

8. The rock formation drilling cutterhead according to claim 6, characterized in that: The edge pre-crushing assembly also includes a driving wheel, which can be driven to rotate and is arranged on the crushing frame. The rotation axis of the driving wheel is perpendicular to the axial direction of the cutter disc body. A plurality of cam grooves are arranged on the driving wheel, each of which is matched with each of the crushing heads one by one, and one end of the crushing head extends into the cam groove; each of the cam grooves has a phase difference so that when the driving wheel rotates, from the center of the cutter disc body along its radial direction outward, each of the crushing heads is driven by the cam groove in turn to move forward along the axial direction of the cutter disc body.

9. The rock formation drilling cutterhead according to claim 6, characterized in that: The front end of the edge crushing head is provided with a liquid injection hole, and the liquid injection hole is used to be connected with a high-pressure liquid injection device.

10. A drilling assembly, characterized in that: The drilling assembly comprises a rock formation drilling cutter disc as described in any one of claims 1-9.

Images