Oxygen-free cracking device for waste lithium battery

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of lithium battery recycling, in particular to an anaerobic cracking device for waste lithium batteries, which comprises an anaerobic cracking bin, the anaerobic cracking bin is a cylindrical roller obliquely mounted in a heating chamber, two ends of the anaerobic cracking bin are respectively a feed end and a discharge end, and the feed end is higher than the discharge end; the feeding end is provided with a feeding port, the discharging end is provided with a discharging port, and sealing devices are arranged on the feeding port and the discharging port respectively. A nitrogen inlet and a cracked gas outlet are respectively formed in the anaerobic cracking bin, the nitrogen inlet is connected with a nitrogen charging pipeline, and the cracked gas outlet is connected with a cracked gas pipeline; a rotating mechanism connected with the anaerobic cracking bin is arranged in the heating chamber; a gas inlet and a smoke outlet are formed in the heating chamber, the gas inlet is connected with a gas pipeline, and the smoke outlet is connected with a smoke pipeline. According to the anaerobic cracking device, aerobic combustion in the anaerobic cracking bin can be avoided, a conveying device does not need to be independently arranged in the anaerobic cracking bin, and the anaerobic cracking device is not easy to damage, can stably operate for a long time and is high in production efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of lithium battery recycling, in particular to an anaerobic cracking device for waste lithium batteries. Background Art

[0002] Waste lithium batteries contain a large number of recyclable components such as various valuable metals and various organic substances. How to recycle lithium batteries safely and efficiently is an important issue in the field of sustainable resource utilization. The existing waste lithium battery recycling process mainly involves crushing the waste lithium batteries and then performing high-temperature treatment, screening, magnetic separation, specific gravity separation and other steps to recover black powder, copper, iron, aluminum and other products.

[0003] Among them, lithium batteries are crushed to obtain lithium battery powder. The existing methods for high-temperature treatment of lithium battery powder mainly include pyrometallurgy and anaerobic cracking. Pyrometallurgy is to directly perform aerobic combustion on lithium battery powder, and the treatment process is simple. However, during the combustion process, organic components such as plastics in lithium battery powder are easy to burn and produce toxic substances such as nitrogen oxides, sulfides, and dioxins, which are easy to cause pollution and the exhaust gas treatment process is complicated. The anaerobic cracking process is to heat the lithium battery powder in a closed anaerobic cracking chamber in a fire-proof manner. The organic matter in the lithium battery powder is thermally cracked, and less toxic substances are produced in the process, which has a smaller burden on the environment.

[0004] However, the existing anaerobic cracking process requires a conveying device to be installed in the cracking furnace to transport the lithium battery powder processed in the cracking furnace out of the cracking furnace. The conveying device operates at high temperature in the cracking furnace for a long time and is easily damaged. The structure of the conveying device is generally complex and it is not easy to maintain when installed in the cracking furnace, resulting in a short service life and low production efficiency of the existing lithium battery powder anaerobic cracking device. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of the technical problems that the existing anaerobic cracking device for lithium battery powder needs to be provided with a conveying device in the cracking furnace, the conveying device is easy to be damaged when running at high temperature, the structure is complex and difficult to maintain, the service life is short, and the production efficiency is low, the utility model provides an anaerobic cracking device for waste lithium batteries. During the heating process, an anaerobic atmosphere is maintained in the anaerobic cracking chamber, which can avoid aerobic combustion in the anaerobic cracking chamber, avoid the production of toxic substances, and improve the resource recovery rate; there is no need to set up a separate conveying device in the anaerobic cracking chamber, which is not easy to be damaged, and the anaerobic cracking device can operate stably for a long time with high production efficiency.

[0006] The technical solution of the utility model is:

[0007] An anaerobic cracking device for waste lithium batteries comprises an anaerobic cracking chamber, which is a cylindrical drum obliquely installed inside a heating chamber, and has two ends, respectively, a feed end and a discharge end, wherein the feed end is higher than the discharge end; a feed port is provided on the feed end, and a discharge port is provided on the discharge end, and sealing devices are provided on the feed port and the discharge port respectively; a nitrogen inlet and a cracking gas outlet are respectively provided on the anaerobic cracking chamber, wherein the nitrogen inlet is connected to a nitrogen filling pipeline, and the cracking gas outlet is connected to a cracking gas pipeline; a rotating mechanism is provided in the heating chamber, and the rotating mechanism is connected to the anaerobic cracking chamber; a gas inlet and a smoke outlet are provided on the heating chamber, wherein the gas inlet is connected to a gas pipeline, and the smoke outlet is connected to a smoke pipeline.

[0008] Furthermore, the rotating mechanism includes a feed end bracket and a discharge end bracket, a first driving gear is arranged on the feed end bracket, a second driving gear is arranged on the discharge end bracket, and the first driving gear and the second driving gear are respectively connected to the driving motor; the feed end of the anaerobic cracking bin is connected to a feed cover plate, and the discharge end is connected to a discharge cover plate, and the feed cover plate and the discharge cover plate are rotatable; a feed port is arranged on the feed cover plate, and a discharge port is arranged on the discharge cover plate; the outer wall of the feed end of the anaerobic cracking bin is connected to a first driven gear, and the outer wall of the discharge end of the anaerobic cracking bin is connected to a second driven gear, and the first driven gear, the second driven gear and the anaerobic cracking bin are coaxial; the anaerobic cracking bin is tiltedly mounted on the feed end bracket and the discharge end bracket, the first driving gear is meshed with the first driven gear, and the second driving gear is meshed with the second driven gear.

[0009] Furthermore, the inclination angle of the anaerobic pyrolysis chamber is 5°-15°.

[0010] Furthermore, the flue gas duct is connected to the exhaust gas treatment device, and the exhaust gas treatment device performs harmless treatment on the flue gas in the flue gas duct before discharging it, thereby avoiding pollution.

[0011] Furthermore, the cracking gas pipeline is connected to an incineration device, and the incineration device incinerates the cracking gas, which may completely burn the organic matter in the cracking gas and achieve harmless treatment of the cracking gas.

[0012] Furthermore, the incineration device is a gas boiler. Using the gas boiler to burn the cracking gas can fully utilize the heat energy generated by the combustion of the cracking gas, further improving resource utilization.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0014] 1. The anaerobic cracking device for waste lithium batteries provided by the utility model comprises an anaerobic cracking chamber and a heating chamber arranged outside the anaerobic cracking chamber. The crushed lithium battery powder enters the anaerobic cracking chamber and is heated by the external heating chamber. During the heating process, an oxygen-free atmosphere is maintained in the anaerobic cracking chamber, and the generated cracking gas enters the cracking gas pipeline through the cracking gas outlet, thereby preventing the lithium battery powder in the anaerobic cracking chamber from aerobic combustion and preventing the generation of toxic substances such as nitrogen oxides, sulfides, and dioxins. At the same time, it is convenient for the cracking gas to be further recycled in subsequent links, and the resource recycling rate of the lithium battery powder is high.

[0015] 2. The anaerobic cracking bin of the utility model is tilted in the heating chamber, and a rotating mechanism is arranged in the heating chamber. The rotating mechanism can drive the anaerobic cracking bin to rotate, so that the lithium battery powder in the anaerobic cracking bin is turned over and slides toward the discharge end under the action of gravity. The lithium battery powder is heated evenly in the anaerobic cracking bin, and the sliding speed is stable. There is no need to set up a separate conveying device in the anaerobic cracking bin, and the problem of the conveying device being easily damaged at high temperature will not occur. The structure inside the anaerobic cracking bin is simple and easy to maintain, and the internal environment is easy to control. The anaerobic cracking device can operate stably for a long time with high production efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the anaerobic cracking device in Example 1.

[0018] In the figure, 1-anaerobic cracking chamber, 11-feed port, 12-discharge port, 13-cracking gas pipeline, 14-nitrogen filling pipeline, 2-heating chamber, 21-gas pipeline, 22-flue gas pipeline, 23-feed end bracket, 24-discharge end bracket, 3-gas boiler, 4-exhaust gas treatment device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in the present invention, the following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Example 1

[0021] An anaerobic cracking device for waste lithium batteries comprises an anaerobic cracking chamber 1, which is tiltedly installed inside a heating chamber at an angle of 10°. The two ends of the anaerobic cracking chamber 1 are respectively a feed end and a discharge end, the feed end is connected to a feed cover plate, and the discharge end is connected to a discharge cover plate, and the feed cover plate and the discharge cover plate are rotatable; a feed port 11 is arranged on the feed cover plate, and a discharge port 12 is arranged on the discharge cover plate, and sealing devices are respectively arranged on the feed port 11 and the discharge port 12; a rotating mechanism is arranged in the heating chamber 2, and the rotating mechanism comprises a feed end bracket 23 and a discharge end bracket 2 4. A first driving gear is provided on the feed end bracket 23, and a second driving gear is provided on the discharge end bracket 24. The first driving gear and the second driving gear are respectively connected to the driving motor; the outer wall of the feed end of the anaerobic cracking bin 1 is connected to a first driven gear, and the outer wall of the discharge end of the anaerobic cracking bin 1 is connected to a second driven gear. The first driven gear, the second driven gear and the anaerobic cracking bin 1 are coaxial; the anaerobic cracking bin 1 is tiltedly mounted on the feed end bracket 23 and the discharge end bracket 24, the first driving gear is meshed with the first driven gear, and the second driving gear is meshed with the second driven gear;

[0022] The anaerobic cracking chamber 1 is respectively provided with a nitrogen inlet and a cracking gas outlet, the nitrogen inlet is connected to the nitrogen filling pipeline 14, and the cracking gas outlet is connected to the cracking gas pipeline 13; the heating chamber 2 is provided with a gas inlet and a flue gas outlet, the gas inlet is connected to the gas pipeline 21, and the flue gas outlet is connected to the flue gas pipeline 22; the flue gas pipeline 22 is connected to the exhaust gas treatment device 4, and the cracking gas pipeline 13 is connected to the gas boiler 3.

[0023] The operating principle of Example 1 is:

[0024] (1) Nitrogen is filled into the anaerobic cracking chamber 1 through the nitrogen filling pipe 14, and the sealing devices on the feed port 11 and the discharge port 12 are closed at the same time. The remaining air in the anaerobic cracking chamber 1 enters the cracking gas pipe 13 through the cracking gas outlet and is discharged until a nitrogen atmosphere is formed in the anaerobic cracking chamber 1; nitrogen is transported into the heating chamber 2 through the gas pipe 21, and ignited in the heating chamber 2 to heat the anaerobic cracking chamber 1. The flue gas after combustion enters the flue gas pipe 22, and then enters the tail gas treatment device 4, and is discharged after treatment;

[0025] (2) Open the sealing device on the feed port 11 to transport the lithium battery powder into the anaerobic pyrolysis chamber 1. After the transportation is completed, close the sealing device on the feed port 11 to maintain the nitrogen environment in the anaerobic pyrolysis chamber;

[0026] (3) The rotating mechanism is started, the first driving gear and the second driving gear rotate synchronously, respectively driving the first driven gear and the second driven gear to rotate, thereby driving the anaerobic cracking chamber to rotate, and the feed cover plate and the discharge cover plate to rotate asynchronously; the lithium battery powder is flipped and slid to the discharge end in the anaerobic cracking chamber 1, the lithium battery powder is heated to generate cracking gas, the cracking gas enters the cracking gas pipeline 13, and further enters the gas boiler 3 to be burned;

[0027] (4) The sealing device of the discharge port is opened, and the processed lithium battery powder is discharged from the anaerobic pyrolysis chamber 1 for subsequent processing.

[0028] Although the present invention is described in detail by referring to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, a person skilled in the art may make various equivalent modifications or substitutions to the embodiments of the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions shall be within the scope of the present invention. Any person skilled in the art who is familiar with the present technical field may easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, and these shall be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An anaerobic cracking device for waste lithium batteries, comprising an anaerobic cracking chamber, characterized in that: The anaerobic cracking chamber is a cylindrical drum obliquely installed inside the heating chamber. The two ends of the anaerobic cracking chamber are respectively a feed end and a discharge end, and the feed end is higher than the discharge end; a feed port is provided on the feed end, and a discharge port is provided on the discharge end, and sealing devices are provided on the feed port and the discharge port respectively; a nitrogen inlet and a cracking gas outlet are respectively provided on the anaerobic cracking chamber, the nitrogen inlet is connected to the nitrogen filling pipeline, and the cracking gas outlet is connected to the cracking gas pipeline; a rotating mechanism is provided in the heating chamber, and the rotating mechanism is connected to the anaerobic cracking chamber; a gas inlet and a flue gas outlet are provided on the heating chamber, the gas inlet is connected to the gas pipeline, and the flue gas outlet is connected to the flue gas pipeline.

2. The anaerobic cracking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating mechanism includes a feed end bracket and a discharge end bracket, a first driving gear is arranged on the feed end bracket, a second driving gear is arranged on the discharge end bracket, and the first driving gear and the second driving gear are respectively connected to the driving motor; the feed end of the anaerobic cracking bin is connected to a feed cover plate, and the discharge end is connected to a discharge cover plate, and the feed cover plate and the discharge cover plate are rotatable; a feed port is arranged on the feed cover plate, and a discharge port is arranged on the discharge cover plate; the outer wall of the feed end of the anaerobic cracking bin is connected to a first driven gear, and the outer wall of the discharge end of the anaerobic cracking bin is connected to a second driven gear, and the first driven gear, the second driven gear and the anaerobic cracking bin are coaxial; The anaerobic cracking bin is tiltedly mounted on a feed end bracket and a discharge end bracket, a first driving gear is meshed with a first driven gear, and a second driving gear is meshed with a second driven gear.

3. The anaerobic cracking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inclination angle of the oxygen cracking chamber is 5°-15°.

4. The anaerobic cracking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flue gas duct is connected to the exhaust gas treatment device.

5. The anaerobic cracking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cracking gas pipeline is connected to the incineration device.

6. The anaerobic cracking device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The incineration device is a gas boiler.

Images