Fermentation box

Abstract

The utility model provides a fermentation box which comprises a box body, a stirring device, a leachate treatment device, a ventilation device, a monitoring device, a control device and a waste gas treatment device, the side wall of the box body is of an interlayer design and is divided into outer wall heat preservation cotton and inner wall heat preservation cotton, ventilation pipelines are arranged in the interlayer of the box body along the four side walls, and the ventilation pipelines are connected with an air heater; the ventilation pipe and the inner wall heat preservation cotton are provided with a plurality of ventilation openings. The waste gas treatment device is arranged at the top of the box body and comprises a first exhaust pipe, a gas inlet valve, a second exhaust valve, a second exhaust pipe, a gas collecting box, a middle valve, a gas purifier and a first exhaust valve; a leachate tank is arranged at the bottom of the box body, and a filter screen is arranged above the leachate tank. The fermentation device can realize aerobic fermentation or anaerobic fermentation, and can be used in various places such as fields, farms, wasteyards and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of fermentation equipment, in particular to a fermentation box. Background Art

[0002] With the improvement of living standards and the development of economic technology, more and more waste biomass resources, such as livestock manure, straw weeds, kitchen waste, etc., have caused great pressure on the environment. The common method of using composting technology to treat waste biomass can make full use of waste resources and reduce environmental pollution. The obtained compost can be used as organic fertilizer to improve soil fertility and promote plant growth. Composting fermentation technology includes aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation technology. Maintaining appropriate fermentation temperature and moisture during composting treatment is a necessary condition for composting fermentation, which is conducive to accelerating the decomposition speed, reducing nutrient consumption, and improving fertilizer efficiency. Therefore, good fermentation equipment is a necessary condition to ensure the full utilization of waste biomass resources.

[0003] Existing fermentation equipment, such as CN211871815U, is an aerobic fermentation device. The blower is connected to the stirring blade through the hollow main shaft of the stirring shaft. The stirring blade is provided with a vent to ventilate hot air into the fermentation tank when the outside temperature is too low. However, when the blower is turned off, the stirring device is still operating. During the stirring process, waste can easily block the vent, causing poor ventilation of the fermentation device and increasing the failure rate. In addition, the leachate recovery device needs to use a pump to pump the filtrate to the liquid storage tank for storage when the filtrate height reaches the set upper limit, which is difficult to discharge in time. Utility model patent CN220393588U is a portable assembled aerobic composting static composting device. Static fermentation is difficult to achieve full fermentation of materials, and it is also easy to cause the local fermentation temperature to be too high. In addition, the collected filtrate is not fully utilized, and the exhaust gas is directly discharged without purification.

[0004] The utility model designs a fermentation box which can perform aerobic composting or anaerobic fermentation treatment, fully utilize leachate, purify waste gas before discharging it, and collect biogas produced by anaerobic fermentation, thereby fully utilizing waste and minimizing environmental pollution. Summary of the invention

[0005] The utility model aims to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a multifunctional fermentation box capable of performing aerobic fermentation or anaerobic fermentation.

[0006] A fermentation box comprises a box body, a stirring device, a leachate treatment device, a ventilation device, a monitoring device, a control device and a waste gas treatment device. The side wall of the box body is designed as a sandwich, which is divided into an outer wall and an inner wall insulation cotton. Ventilation ducts are arranged along four side walls in the sandwich of the box body. The ventilation ducts are connected to a hot air blower. The ventilation ducts and the inner wall insulation cotton are provided with multiple ventilation holes, which provide heating gas to the material from all sides of the box body to reduce the blockage of the vents.

[0007] The waste gas treatment device is arranged on the top of the box body, including a first exhaust pipe, an air intake valve, a gas collecting box, an intermediate valve, a gas purifier and a first exhaust valve. If it is anaerobic fermentation, the air intake valve is opened, and the waste gas enters the gas collecting box from the first exhaust pipe. The intermediate valve is closed, and the biogas is stored in the gas collecting box. The gas collecting box is provided with a second exhaust pipe and a second exhaust valve, which can discharge the biogas directly to other mobile storage equipment for transportation or utilization. If it is aerobic fermentation, when the temperature is too high or after the fermentation is completed, the air intake valve, the intermediate valve and the first exhaust valve are opened, and the second exhaust valve is closed. The waste gas enters the gas collecting box from the first exhaust pipe, and then enters the gas purifier through the pipeline. Finally, the purified gas is discharged through the first exhaust valve.

[0008] A leachate tank is provided at the bottom of the box body, and a filter is provided above the leachate tank to prevent fermentation materials from entering the leachate tank. The leachate tank is arranged at an angle, and the leachate is automatically collected in a leachate collecting pipe. The leachate collecting pipe is provided with a valve, and the leachate collecting pipe is connected to a leachate collecting box, and the leachate collecting box is connected to a pump and is pumped to the upper part of the box body through a pipeline and sprayed out from the spray port on the upper part of the box body, which is conducive to making full use of leachate resources. The leachate collecting box can also be provided with an openable and closable port on the upper part to discharge the leachate or add water in the early stage of anaerobic fermentation.

[0009] Preferably, thermal insulation cotton is arranged on the inner side of the outer wall of the box body, which can further perform thermal insulation treatment and reduce heat loss.

[0010] Preferably, the stirring device includes a stirring motor, a stirring shaft and a stirring blade, and the stirring device also includes an electric heater, and the electric heater heats the stirring shaft and the stirring blade, which is beneficial to uniform heating and ventilation of the fermented material and increasing the fermentation temperature.

[0011] The top of the box body is provided with a material inlet, and the side wall is provided with a material outlet, which is convenient for adding and discharging materials.

[0012] The monitoring device comprises an upper layer temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration sensor, a middle layer temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration sensor, and a lower layer temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration sensor, which can monitor the temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration conditions inside the fermentation box.

[0013] The control device is connected with the pump, electric heater, hot air blower, upper layer temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration sensor, middle layer temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration sensor, lower layer temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration sensor, air intake valve, intermediate valve, first exhaust valve, second exhaust valve and valve, and can control the leachate spraying device, heating device, ventilation device, monitoring device and waste gas treatment device.

[0014] The fermentation box can be fixedly arranged and rollers can be arranged at the bottom. As a mobile device, the size of the fermentation box is not limited. It can be made into a large fermentation device or used as a small fermentation device in a laboratory.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows: (1) the fermentation device can realize aerobic fermentation or anaerobic fermentation and can be used in various places such as fields, farms, garbage dumps, etc.

[0016] (2) Make full use of leachate. The leachate can be automatically collected. The leachate back-spray can adjust the humidity of the fermentation system and the moisture of the fermentation materials, promoting fermentation under suitable moisture conditions. The waste gas from aerobic fermentation is purified and discharged, and the biogas produced by anaerobic fermentation is collected and utilized, so as to make full use of waste and minimize environmental pollution.

[0017] (3) The fermentation device can be heated by a hot air blower and a stirring shaft and stirring blades. The heating can be done simultaneously or separately to increase the fermentation temperature, which is beneficial for even heating of the fermented materials and sufficient contact with oxygen during the stirring and ventilation process. Anaerobic fermentation can be heated by the stirring shaft and stirring blades only to achieve heating treatment during aerobic composting and anaerobic fermentation. The temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration of the entire system are controlled by a three-layer temperature and humidity sensor and an oxygen concentration sensor, achieving overall and local regulation of temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration during the fermentation process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 Middle: 1 outer wall; 2 insulation cotton; 3 leachate tank; 4 filter; 5 ventilation duct; 6 leachate collection pipe; 7 valve; 8 leachate collection box; 9 opening and closing port; 10 pump; 11 stirring shaft and stirring blade; 12 stirring motor; 13 electric heater; 14 hot air blower; 15 first exhaust valve; 16 gas purifier; 17 gas collection box; 18 intermediate valve; 19 second exhaust valve; 20 second exhaust pipe; 21 first exhaust pipe; 22 intake valve; 23 feed port; 24 spray port; 25 control device; 26 discharge port; 27 upper layer temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration sensor; 28 middle layer temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration sensor; 29 lower layer temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration sensor DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] Combine the following Figure 1 The utility model is further described, but the protection scope of the utility model is not limited to the following.

[0020] like Figure 1As shown, a fermentation box includes a box body, a stirring device, a leachate recovery device, a leachate spraying device, a heating device, a ventilation device, a monitoring device, a control device and an exhaust gas treatment device. The side wall of the box body is a sandwich design, which is divided into an outer wall 1 and an inner wall insulation cotton 2. Ventilation ducts 5 are arranged along four side walls in the sandwich of the box body. The ventilation ducts 5 are connected to a circulating hot air blower 14. The ventilation ducts 5 and the inner wall 2 are provided with multiple ventilation holes to provide heating gas to the compost material from all sides of the box body to reduce the blockage of the vents.

[0021] The waste gas treatment device is arranged on the top of the box body, including a first exhaust pipe 21, an air intake valve 22, a gas collecting box 17, an intermediate valve 18, a gas purifier 16 and a first exhaust valve 15. If it is anaerobic fermentation, the air intake valve 22 is opened, and the waste gas enters the gas collecting box 17 from the first exhaust pipe 21, and the intermediate valve 18 is closed, and the biogas is stored in the gas collecting box 17. The gas collecting box 17 is provided with a second exhaust pipe 20 and a second exhaust valve 19, which can discharge the biogas directly to other mobile storage equipment for transportation or utilization; if it is aerobic fermentation, when the temperature is too high or after the fermentation is completed, the air intake valve 22, the intermediate valve 18 and the first exhaust valve 15 are opened, and the second exhaust valve 19 is closed, and the waste gas enters the gas collecting box 17 from the first exhaust pipe 21, and then enters the gas purifier 16 through the pipeline, and finally the purified gas is discharged through the first exhaust valve 15.

[0022] A leachate tank 3 is provided at the bottom of the box body, and a filter screen 4 is provided above the leachate tank 3 to prevent fermentation materials from entering the leachate tank 3. The leachate tank 3 is tilted, and the leachate is automatically collected in the leachate collecting pipe 6. The leachate collecting pipe 6 is connected to the leachate collecting box 8. The leachate collecting pipe 6 is provided with a valve 7. The leachate collecting box 8 is connected to the pump 10 and is pumped to the upper part of the box body through a pipeline and sprayed out from the spray port 24 at the upper part of the box body, which is conducive to making full use of the leachate resources. The leachate collecting box 8 can also be provided with an openable and closable port 9 at the upper part to discharge the leachate or add water in the early stage of anaerobic fermentation.

[0023] Preferably, a heat-insulating cotton 2 is arranged on the inner side of the outer wall 1 of the box body, which can further perform heat insulation treatment and reduce heat loss.

[0024] Preferably, the stirring device includes a stirring motor 12, a stirring shaft and a stirring blade 11, and the stirring device also includes an electric heater 13, and the electric heater 13 heats the stirring shaft and the stirring blade 11, which is beneficial to uniform heating and ventilation of the fermented material and increasing the fermentation temperature.

[0025] The top of the box body is provided with a feed inlet 23, and the side wall is provided with a discharge port 26, which is convenient for feeding and discharging.

[0026] The monitoring device includes an upper layer temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration sensor 27, a middle layer temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration sensor 28, and a lower layer temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration sensor 29, which can monitor the temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration conditions inside the fermentation box.

[0027] The control device 25 is connected to the valve 7, the pump 10, the stirring motor 12, the electric heater 13, the hot air blower 14, the first exhaust valve 15, the intermediate valve 18, the second exhaust valve 19, the air intake valve 22, the upper layer temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration sensor 27, the middle layer temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration sensor 28, and the lower layer temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration sensor 29, and can control the leachate treatment device, the heating device, the ventilation device, the monitoring device and the exhaust gas treatment device.

[0028] The fermentation box can be fixedly arranged and rollers can be arranged at the bottom. As a mobile device, the size of the fermentation box is not limited. It can be made into a large fermentation device or used as a small fermentation device in a laboratory.

[0029] Working process

[0030] (1) Feeding stage

[0031] Open the feed port, and put the materials to be fermented into the feed port on the top of the box. After the feeding is completed, close the feed port. In order to mix the materials evenly, the stirring motor of the stirring device can be turned on after the feeding to turn the materials over and mix them evenly.

[0032] (2) Fermentation stage

[0033] Aerobic composting

[0034] According to the real-time monitoring of the temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration sensors, the temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration in the aerobic composting process are adjusted. When fermentation starts or the temperature is too low, the hot air blower is turned on to pass the heated hot air through the vents on the ventilation ducts set on the four side walls of the box body into the fermentation box. The electric heater of the stirring device is turned on to quickly increase the pile temperature. When the temperature is too high, the stirring motor is turned on, the electric heater in the stirring device and the heater in the hot air blower are turned off, and the ventilation is increased while the heating is stopped. The waste gas treatment device can also be turned on, the air intake valve, the intermediate valve and the first exhaust valve are opened, and the second exhaust valve is closed. The waste gas enters the gas collection box from the first exhaust pipe, and then enters the gas purifier through the pipeline. Finally, the purified gas is discharged through the first exhaust valve to promote the cooling of the pile. When the humidity is too high, the valves on the above-mentioned waste gas treatment device, the stirring device and the leachate collection pipe are opened to promote the discharge of water. When the humidity is too low, the valve on the leachate collection pipe is closed, and the pump of the spray treatment device is turned on to pump the leachate to the top of the fermentation box and spray it out from the spray port to replenish water. When the oxygen concentration is appropriate, the exhaust gas treatment device is turned off. When the oxygen concentration is too low, the exhaust gas treatment device is turned on and the hot air blower is turned on at the same time to replenish fresh air in time.

[0035] Anaerobic fermentation

[0036] When the moisture content of the material is low or the humidity is too low, close the valve on the leachate collection pipe, add water from the upper opening of the leachate collection box, open the spray port on the top of the fermentation box to keep the material in the fermentation box at an appropriate moisture content. When the moisture content of the material is high or the humidity is too high or the fermentation is finished, open the valve on the leachate collection pipe, turn off the pump, and promote the discharge of water. You can also open the waste gas treatment device to collect the biogas generated during the fermentation process, open the air intake valve, and the waste gas enters the gas collection box from the first exhaust pipe. Close the intermediate valve and the second exhaust valve, and the biogas is stored in the gas collection box. When too much gas is stored in the gas collection box, open the second exhaust valve set on the gas collection box to discharge the biogas directly to other mobile storage equipment for transportation or utilization.

[0037] (3) Discharging stage

[0038] After fermentation is finished, open the valve on the leachate collection pipe, turn off the pump, and discharge the leachate. Open the waste gas treatment device to collect the biogas generated during anaerobic fermentation. Open the air intake valve, and the waste gas enters the gas collection box from the first exhaust pipe. Close the middle valve and the second exhaust valve, and the biogas is stored in the gas collection box. When discharging aerobic composting waste gas, open the air intake valve, the middle valve and the first exhaust valve, and close the second exhaust valve. The waste gas enters the gas collection box from the first exhaust pipe, and then enters the gas purifier through the pipeline. Finally, the purified gas is discharged through the first exhaust valve. Finally, the remaining solid materials are discharged from the discharge port on the side wall of the fermentation box.

[0039] The above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Persons skilled in the art may make various modifications or equivalent substitutions to the present invention within the essence and protection scope of the present invention, and such modifications or equivalent substitutions shall also be deemed to fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fermentation box, comprising a box body, a stirring device, a leachate treatment device, a ventilation device, a monitoring device, a control device and an exhaust gas treatment device, characterized in that: The side wall of the box body is of sandwich design and is divided into an outer wall (1) and an inner wall heat insulation cotton (2). A ventilation duct (5) is arranged along the four side walls in the sandwich of the box body. The ventilation duct (5) is connected to a hot air blower (14). The ventilation duct (5) and the inner wall heat insulation cotton (2) are provided with a plurality of ventilation holes. The exhaust gas treatment device is arranged on the top of the box body and comprises a first exhaust pipe (21), an air intake valve (22), a second exhaust valve (19), a second exhaust pipe (20), and a gas collection box (17). , an intermediate valve (18), a gas purifier (16) and a first exhaust valve (15); a leachate tank (3) is provided at the bottom of the box body, a filter screen (4) is provided above the leachate tank (3), the leachate tank (3) is inclined and collected in a leachate collecting pipe (6), the leachate collecting pipe (6) is provided with a valve (7), the leachate collecting pipe (6) is connected to the leachate collecting box (8), and is passed into the upper part of the box body through a pipeline, and is sprayed out from the spray port (24) at the upper part of the box body.

2. A fermentation box according to claim 1, characterized in that: Inner wall heat-insulating cotton (2) is arranged on the inner side of the outer wall (1) of the box body.

3. A fermentation box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stirring device comprises a stirring motor (12), a stirring shaft and a stirring blade (11).

4. A fermentation box according to claim 3, characterized in that: The stirring device further comprises an electric heater (13), and the electric heater (13) heats the stirring shaft and the stirring blade (11).

5. A fermentation box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The leachate collection box (8) is connected to a pump (10).

6. A fermentation box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the box body is provided with a material inlet (23), and the side wall is provided with a material outlet (26).

7. A fermentation box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring device comprises an upper layer temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration sensor (27), a middle layer temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration sensor (28), and a lower layer temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration sensor (29).

8. A fermentation box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas collection box is provided with a second exhaust pipe (20) and a second exhaust valve (19).

9. A fermentation box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control device (25) is connected to the valve (7), the pump (10), the electric heater (13), the hot air blower (14), the first exhaust valve (15), the intermediate valve (18), the second exhaust valve (19), the air intake valve (22), the upper layer temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration sensor (27), the middle layer temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration sensor (28), and the lower layer temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration sensor (29), and can control the leachate treatment device, the stirring device, the ventilation device, the monitoring device and the waste gas treatment device.

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