Energy-saving smelting furnace for purifying high-silicon waste

Abstract

The energy-saving smelting furnace comprises a furnace body and a furnace cover, the furnace cover is respectively provided with a temperature detection port, a standby port, a feeding pipe and a pressure relief port, a quantitative feeder is arranged above the feeding pipe, a furnace cover heat preservation layer is arranged on the inner wall of the furnace cover, and the temperature detection port, the standby port, the feeding pipe and the pressure relief port are arranged on the furnace cover. Smelting inner containers with the tops open are installed in the furnace body at intervals, a furnace body heat preservation layer is arranged between the melting inner containers and the furnace body, a sealing gasket is arranged between the furnace body heat preservation layer and the furnace cover high-temperature layer, a plurality of circles of heating silicon carbide rods are arranged on the outer sides of the melting inner containers, a discharging pipe is arranged at the bottom of each melting inner container, and an automatic unloader is installed on each discharging pipe. An electromagnetic stirrer is arranged in the center of the lower portion of the furnace body, supporting legs are arranged on the periphery of the lower portion of the furnace body, and a damping base is arranged below the supporting legs. By means of the device, high-silicon waste in the furnace can be evenly and rapidly molten, the smelting efficiency is improved, quantitative feeding and discharging can be achieved, and using is convenient and rapid.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of solid waste resource treatment and processing, and specifically relates to an energy-saving smelting furnace for purifying high-silicon waste. Background Art

[0002] Polysilicon is one of the main materials for manufacturing solar cells, but a large amount of waste is generated during the production process. These wastes include cutting waste, trimming waste, etc. If these wastes are handled at will, it will not only waste resources, but also pollute the environment. In order to avoid the waste of resources, the recycling and reuse of polysilicon waste has become the main technical measure for energy conservation and emission reduction. At present, in addition to being used for casting solar cells, polysilicon waste can also be purified and produced by smelting to produce industrial silicon. In the production technology of reusing polysilicon waste to produce high-purity silicon, the smelting furnace is the key equipment for purifying and producing high-purity silicon. In the existing technology, the smelting furnace adopts an electric arc furnace structure. The electric arc furnace includes a furnace body, the top of the furnace body is in an open state, a furnace cover is installed at the top opening of the furnace body, a furnace door is provided on the side wall of the furnace body, and an electrode holder is installed on the furnace cover. The electrode holder clamps the electrode, and the electrode passes through the furnace cover, and one end of the electrode is located outside the furnace cover, and the other end of the electrode is located outside the furnace cover. In the furnace body, one end of the electrode located outside the furnace body is electrically connected to the power supply, and the other end of the electrode located inside the furnace body is used to generate an electric arc. A molten pool is provided in the furnace body below the electrode. The material for melting brown corundum is added to the molten pool, and the smelted material is poured out through the molten pool and poured into a receiving bag. After the receiving bag is cooled, a cooled silicon ingot can be obtained. The arc furnace has the following shortcomings during use: First, the arc furnace is an intermittent production. After the smelting is completed, the furnace cover needs to be opened and the molten silicon liquid is poured out by pouring. During the pouring process, high-temperature silicon liquid is easily splashed, which is very dangerous; second, the smelting furnace does not adopt a reasonable feeding method, and the amount of high-silicon waste added in the smelting furnace cannot be well controlled; third, during the smelting process of the smelting furnace, due to the unreasonable arrangement of the heating device, a large amount of heat energy is not only consumed in the smelting process, but also the purpose of melting polysilicon waste can be achieved for a long time, and there are shortcomings such as uneven heating temperature, poor smelting effect and low efficiency. Therefore, it is an objective need to develop an energy-saving melting furnace for purifying high-silicon waste with a reasonable structure, which can realize quantitative feeding and automatic discharging and improve the melting efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0003] The utility model aims to provide an energy-saving melting furnace for purifying high-silicon waste materials, which has a reasonable structure and can realize quantitative feeding and automatic discharging and improve melting efficiency.

[0004] The purpose of the utility model is achieved in this way, including a furnace body and a furnace cover detachably mounted on the top of the furnace body, the furnace cover is respectively provided with a temperature detection port, a spare port, a feeding pipe and a pressure relief port, a quantitative feeder is arranged above the feeding pipe, a control valve is installed on the feeding pipe, a furnace cover insulation layer is arranged on the inner wall of the furnace cover, a smelting liner with an open top is installed at intervals inside the furnace body, a furnace body insulation layer is arranged between the smelting liner and the furnace body, a sealing gasket is arranged between the furnace body insulation layer and the furnace cover insulation layer, multiple circles of heating silicon carbon rods are arranged at equal intervals on the outer side of the smelting liner, a discharge pipe is arranged at the bottom of the smelting liner, an automatic unloader is installed on the discharge pipe, an electromagnetic stirrer is arranged at the center below the furnace body, legs are arranged around the bottom of the furnace body, and a shock-absorbing base is arranged below the legs.

[0005] Compared with the smelting device of the existing structure, the advantages of the device are: first, the device optimizes the structure of the furnace body, and the furnace cover insulation layer, furnace body insulation layer and sealing pad are provided to prevent the loss of heat energy, so that the high silicon waste in the smelting furnace can be quickly melted under the high temperature heating of the multi-layer heating silicon carbon rod, and at the same time, the stirring effect of the electrical stirrer can accelerate the melting speed of the high silicon waste, so that the high silicon waste in the furnace can be melted evenly and quickly, and the smelting efficiency is improved; second, the quantitative feeder provided can realize the automatic quantitative addition of materials into the furnace body when the furnace cover seals the furnace body, ensure the accuracy of the addition of high silicon waste, solve the problem that the existing smelting furnace does not have the function of quantitative feeding when in use, and can further improve the production efficiency of smelting; third, the automatic unloader provided can realize the automatic discharge of the silicon liquid in the smelting liner, solve the problem of unsafe use caused by dumping and discharging from the top in the prior art, and the coordinated use of the quantitative feeder and the automatic unloader can realize the continuous production of the smelting electric furnace, which is convenient and fast to use and easy to promote and use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0006] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the utility model;

[0007] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the quantitative feeder in the utility model;

[0008] In the figure: 1-furnace body, 2-furnace cover, 3-spare port, 4-feeding pipe, 41-fixed hopper, 42-movable hopper, 43-slider, 44-elastic part, 45-contact ring, 46-weighing sensor, 5-pressure relief port, 6-furnace cover insulation layer, 7-smelting liner, 8-furnace body insulation layer, 9-sealing pad, 10-heating silicon carbon rod, 11-discharging pipe, 12-electromagnetic stirrer, 13-support leg, 14-shock-absorbing base, 15-electric telescopic rod, 16-movable blocking plate, 17-rubber layer, 18-shock-absorbing plate, 19-shock-absorbing spring, 20-filter plate, 21-auxiliary heating rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0009] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited in any way. Any changes or improvements made based on the teachings of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0010] like Figures 1-2 As shown, the utility model comprises a furnace body 1 and a furnace cover 2 which is detachably mounted on the top of the furnace body 1, the furnace cover 2 is connected to the furnace body by a bolt structure, the furnace cover 2 is respectively provided with a temperature detection port, a spare port 3, a feeding pipe 4 and a pressure relief port 5, the temperature detection port is used to timely monitor the smelting temperature in the furnace body, the pressure relief port 5 can be used to relieve pressure when the pressure in the furnace is too high according to the safety of use, so as to improve the safety performance of use, a quantitative feeder is arranged above the feeding pipe 4, a control valve is installed on the feeding pipe 4, a furnace cover insulation layer 6 is arranged on the inner wall of the furnace cover 2, a smelting liner 7 with an open top is installed in the internal interval of the furnace body 1, a furnace body insulation layer 8 is arranged between the smelting liner 7 and the furnace body 1, a sealing gasket 9 is arranged between the furnace body insulation layer 8 and the furnace cover insulation layer 6, and the furnace cover insulation layer 6 and the furnace body insulation layer 8 have insulation insulation. The effect of heat can prevent the heat loss in the smelting liner 7 and increase the smelting speed. Multiple circles of heating silicon carbon rods 10 are arranged at equal intervals on the outer side of the smelting liner 7. The heating silicon carbon rods 10 are equipment used in the prior art and can be purchased directly according to the needs of use. A discharge pipe 11 is provided at the bottom of the smelting liner 7, and an automatic unloader is installed on the discharge pipe 11. The heating silicon carbon rods 10 have the advantages of fast heating speed and long service life. An electromagnetic stirrer 12 is provided at the center below the furnace body 1. The electromagnetic stirrer 12 is a structure used in the prior art. The finished product can be directly purchased according to the power requirements of use. Support legs 13 are provided around the bottom of the furnace body 1, and a shock-absorbing base 14 is provided below the support legs 13. The shock-absorbing base 14 can slow down the vibration generated by the electromagnetic stirrer 12 and improve the safety performance of use.

[0011] The working process of the utility model is: firstly, the smelting inner tank 7 is preheated by heating the silicon carbon rod 10, and after reaching the preheating temperature, the high silicon powder after pretreatment is quantitatively added into the smelting inner tank 7 through the quantitative feeder and the feeding pipe 4, and the high silicon waste is heated by the heating silicon carbon rod 10. As the heating temperature increases, the high silicon waste is quickly heated and melted under the stirring action of the electromagnetic stirrer 12. In the process of heating and melting the high silicon waste, the furnace cover insulation layer 6, the furnace body insulation layer 8 and the sealing gasket 9 are arranged to prevent the loss of heat energy, so that the high silicon waste in the smelting inner tank 7 can be quickly melted under the high temperature heating of the multi-layer heating silicon carbon rod 10. After the high silicon waste in the smelting inner tank 7 is completely melted and the smelting is completed, the automatic unloader is opened, and the high silicon waste can be discharged. The silicon liquid in the smelting liner 7 is discharged through the discharge pipe 11. After the silicon liquid is discharged, new high-silicon waste is added to the smelting liner 7 by means of a quantitative feeder, and smelting can continue. The quantitative feeder provided in the device can realize automatic quantitative addition of materials into the smelting liner 7 when the furnace cover 2 seals the furnace body 1, thereby ensuring the accuracy of adding high-silicon waste, solving the problem that the existing smelting furnace does not have the function of quantitative feeding when in use, and can further improve the smelting production efficiency; the automatic unloader provided can realize automatic discharge of the silicon liquid in the smelting liner 7, solving the problem of unsafe use caused by dumping the material from the top in the prior art. The coordinated use of the quantitative feeder and the automatic unloader can realize continuous production of the smelting electric furnace, which is relatively convenient and quick to use.

[0012] Furthermore, the quantitative feeder includes a fixed hopper 41 and a movable hopper 42, the fixed hopper 41 is fixedly mounted on the furnace cover 2, the inner wall of the fixed hopper 41 is symmetrically processed with a slide groove, the movable hopper 42 is located in the fixed hopper 41, the outer wall of the movable hopper 42 is symmetrically processed with a slider 43, the slider 43 is slidably mounted on the slide groove, an elastic member 44 is installed between the slider 43 and the bottom of the slide groove, the upper end of the feeding pipe 4 is connected to the bottom of the movable hopper 42, the lower end of the feeding pipe 4 passes through the furnace cover 2 and extends into the furnace body 1, the bottom of the movable hopper 42 is provided with a contact ring 45, and the contact ring 45 is below A weighing sensor 46 is installed on the fixed hopper 41. The weighing sensor 46 is a device used in the prior art. When in use, high-silicon waste is added to the movable hopper 42. As the high-silicon waste is added, the movable hopper 42 is driven by gravity to move the slider 43 downward. The slider 43 moves in the slide groove, and the elastic member 44 is gradually compressed. When the slider 43 moves downward to allow the contact ring 45 to contact the weighing sensor 46, the high-silicon waste in the movable hopper 42 is measured and weighed by the weighing sensor 46. At this time, the control valve on the feeding pipe 11 is opened, and the high-silicon waste will enter the smelting liner 7 through the feeding pipe 11, thereby realizing the quantitative addition of the high-silicon waste.

[0013] Furthermore, the automatic unloader includes an electric telescopic rod 15 and a movable blocking plate 16, the discharge pipe 11 is arranged to be an L-shaped structure, the fixed end of the electric telescopic rod 15 is installed on the outside of the discharge pipe 11, the movable end of the electric telescopic rod 15 extends to the horizontal section of the discharge pipe 11, and the movable blocking plate 16 is installed on the movable end of the electric telescopic rod 15. The electric telescopic rod 15 is a mechanism used in the prior art, and the finished product is directly purchased according to the travel requirements. When in use, the electric telescopic rod 15 drives the movable blocking plate 16 to move back and forth left and right in the discharge pipe 11, so as to achieve the sealing or opening of the discharge pipe 11, which is relatively convenient to use. Preferably, in order to improve the sealing performance between the movable blocking plate 16 and the discharge pipe 11 and prevent silicone liquid leakage in the discharge pipe 11, a rubber layer 17 is provided on the edge of the movable blocking plate 16 in contact with the discharge pipe 11.

[0014] In order to facilitate the rapid and complete discharge of the molten silicon liquid from the smelting inner tank 7, the bottom of the smelting inner tank 7 is configured as a sloped structure, and the discharge pipe 11 is disposed on the lower side of the slope.

[0015] Furthermore, a groove corresponding to the leg 13 is processed on the upper surface of the shock-absorbing base 14, and a slide rail is processed on the side wall of the groove. The lower part of the leg 13 extends into the groove, and a shock-absorbing plate 18 is installed at the lower end of the leg 13. The shock-absorbing plate 18 is slidably installed on the slide rail, and a shock-absorbing spring 19 is arranged between the shock-absorbing plate 18 and the bottom of the groove. The electromagnetic stirrer 12 will generate certain vibrations during operation. At this time, after the generated vibration is transmitted to the leg 13, the leg 13 drives the shock-absorbing plate 18 to move downward to compress the shock-absorbing spring 19. The shock-absorbing spring 19 can offset the vibrations generated by the furnace body 1 up and down, thereby improving the service life.

[0016] Furthermore, a filter plate 20 is detachably installed at the lower part of the smelting inner tank 7 on the upper side of the discharge pipe 11. The filter plate 20 can filter the molten silicon liquid and then discharge it from the discharge pipe 11. In this way, the purity of the silicon liquid can be improved and the impurity content in the silicon liquid can be reduced. After using it for a period of time, the furnace cover 2 can be opened to clean the impurities remaining on the filter plate 11.

[0017] Furthermore, the sealing pad 9 is made of silicate cotton pad, which has excellent heat preservation, Thermal insulation And high temperature resistance.

[0018] In order to ensure the uniform heating temperature of the smelting liner 7, 2 to 3 auxiliary heating rods 21 are arranged on the furnace cover 2. The auxiliary heating rods 21 can be inserted into the smelting liner 7 to improve the heating efficiency and the heating uniformity in the smelting liner 7. The structure of the auxiliary heating rods 21 is the same as that of the heating silicon carbon rods 10.

Claims

1. An energy-saving melting furnace for purifying high-silicon waste, comprising a furnace body (1) and a furnace cover (2) detachably mounted on the top of the furnace body (1), characterized in that: The furnace cover (2) is respectively provided with a temperature detection port, a standby port (3), a feeding pipe (4) and a pressure relief port (5); a quantitative feeder is provided above the feeding pipe (4); a control valve is installed on the feeding pipe (4); a furnace cover insulation layer (6) is provided on the inner wall of the furnace cover (2); a smelting liner (7) with an open top is installed in the internal interval of the furnace body (1); a furnace body insulation layer (8) is provided between the smelting liner (7) and the furnace body (1); the furnace body insulation layer (8) and A sealing gasket (9) is arranged between the insulation layers (6) of the furnace cover, a plurality of circles of heating silicon carbon rods (10) are arranged at equal intervals on the upper and lower sides of the outer side of the smelting inner tank (7), a discharge pipe (11) is arranged at the bottom of the smelting inner tank (7), an automatic discharger is installed on the discharge pipe (11), an electromagnetic stirrer (12) is arranged at the center below the furnace body (1), legs (13) are arranged around the bottom of the furnace body (1), and a shock-absorbing base (14) is arranged below the legs (13).

2. The energy-saving melting furnace for purifying high-silicon waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quantitative feeder comprises a fixed hopper (41) and a movable hopper (42), wherein the fixed hopper (41) is fixedly mounted on the furnace cover (2), and a slide groove is symmetrically processed on the inner wall of the fixed hopper (41). The movable hopper (42) is located inside the fixed hopper (41), and a slider (43) is symmetrically processed on the outer wall of the movable hopper (42). The slider (43) is slidably mounted on the slide groove, and an elastic member (44) is installed between the slider (43) and the bottom of the slide groove. The upper end of the feeding pipe (4) is connected to the bottom of the movable hopper (42), and the lower end of the feeding pipe (4) passes through the furnace cover (2) and extends into the furnace body (1). A contact ring (45) is arranged at the bottom of the movable hopper (42), and a weighing sensor (46) is installed on the fixed hopper (41) below the contact ring (45).

3. The energy-saving melting furnace for purifying high-silicon waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The automatic unloader comprises an electric telescopic rod (15) and a movable blocking plate (16); the discharge pipe (11) is arranged in an L-shaped structure; the fixed end of the electric telescopic rod (15) is mounted on the outside of the discharge pipe (11); the movable end of the electric telescopic rod (15) extends into the horizontal section of the discharge pipe (11); and the movable blocking plate (16) is mounted on the movable end of the electric telescopic rod (15).

4. The energy-saving melting furnace for purifying high-silicon waste according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A rubber layer (17) is provided on the edge of the movable blocking plate (16) in contact with the discharge pipe (11).

5. The energy-saving melting furnace for purifying high-silicon waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the smelting liner (7) is arranged in a sloped structure, and the discharge pipe (11) is arranged on the lower side of the slope.

6. The energy-saving melting furnace for purifying high-silicon waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: A groove corresponding to the support leg (13) is processed on the upper surface of the shock-absorbing base (14), and a slide rail is processed on the side wall of the groove. The lower part of the support leg (13) extends into the groove, and a shock-absorbing plate (18) is installed at the lower end of the support leg (13). The shock-absorbing plate (18) is slidably installed on the slide rail, and a shock-absorbing spring (19) is arranged between the shock-absorbing plate (18) and the bottom of the groove.

7. The energy-saving melting furnace for purifying high-silicon waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: A filter plate (20) is detachably mounted on the lower part of the smelting inner container (7) on the upper side of the discharge pipe (11).

8. The energy-saving melting furnace for purifying high-silicon waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealing pad (9) is a silicate cotton pad.

9. The energy-saving melting furnace for purifying high-silicon waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The furnace cover (2) is provided with 2 to 3 auxiliary heating rods (21).

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