Laser-assisted curved surface processing machine tool

Abstract

The utility model relates to a laser-assisted curved surface machining tool which comprises a tool body, a five-axis linkage curved surface machining system, a space laser area scanning system and a corresponding control system. The five-axis linkage curved surface machining system comprises an X-axis linear motion mechanism, a Y-axis linear motion mechanism, a Z-axis linear motion mechanism, an A-axis rotating mechanism, a C-axis rotating mechanism and a main shaft for cutting machining. The space laser area scanning system comprises a laser, a light path system and a laser galvanometer group. The laser galvanometer set is arranged on the lathe bed, laser beams generated by the laser device are focused on a target machining area on the workbench after passing through the light path system and the laser galvanometer, scanning is carried out according to the motion trail of a tool according to control requirements, and the laser galvanometer set is coupled with the five-axis linkage curved surface machining system to complete laser-assisted cutting machining. Compared with the prior art, a plurality of scanning areas of the three-dimensional galvanometers are overlapped, so that a plurality of light paths can reach a processing path in the areas, a cutter, a workpiece and a clamp are prevented from possibly shielding a laser beam in the processing process, and a light spot scanning path can be subjected to high-frequency adjustment to realize more laser-assisted processing technologies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of laser processing bed, in particular to a laser-assisted curved surface processing machine tool. Background Art

[0002] Hard and brittle materials such as cemented carbide have extremely broad application prospects in aerospace, space technology, medicine, precision manufacturing and other fields due to their low density, high strength, high temperature resistance, wear resistance and other excellent properties. Key components made of these materials have a longer service life and application characteristics compared to traditional materials due to their excellent mechanical properties.

[0003] Hard and brittle materials must be processed by precision machining to achieve high dimensional and shape accuracy requirements. Due to their high hardness, brittleness and low fracture toughness, they are very difficult to process during precision machining. Laser-assisted cutting uses high-energy laser beams to heat and generate local high temperatures to soften the workpiece material in the area to be processed, reduce the hardness of the material, and increase the plasticity, thereby improving the cutting performance of the material. This processing technology is called laser-assisted machining (LAM).

[0004] The application of LAM in the process of complex spatial surface machining encounters some challenges, mainly including: (1) the realization of specific laser scanning trajectories on spatial surfaces and their coupling with the geometric processing system; (2) the problem of laser beam being blocked by machining tools, workpieces, fixtures, etc. during spatial propagation. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a scanning area with multiple three-dimensional galvanometers superimposed in order to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned prior art, so as to realize a laser-assisted surface machining machine tool that can reach a point in the area through multiple light paths, so as to avoid the possible obstruction of the laser beam by the tool, workpiece, and fixture during the machining process.

[0006] The purpose of the utility model can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] The utility model provides a laser-assisted curved surface processing machine tool, comprising: a bed, a five-axis linkage curved surface processing system, and a spatial laser area scanning system;

[0008] The five-axis linkage curved surface machining system includes an X-axis linear motion mechanism, a Y-axis linear motion mechanism, a Z-axis linear motion mechanism, an A-axis rotation mechanism, and a C-axis rotation mechanism;

[0009] The Y-axis linear motion mechanism is arranged on the bed, the X-axis linear motion mechanism is arranged on the Y-axis linear motion mechanism, the A-axis rotation mechanism is arranged on the X-axis linear motion mechanism, the C-axis rotation mechanism is arranged on the A-axis rotation mechanism, and a workbench is arranged on the C-axis rotation mechanism;

[0010] The Z-axis linear motion mechanism is arranged on the bed, and the Z-axis linear motion mechanism is provided with a spindle and a processing tool, and the processing tool is used to process the workpiece placed on the workbench;

[0011] The spatial laser area scanning system is fixedly arranged on the vertical frame of the bed. The spatial laser area scanning system includes a laser, an optical path system and a laser galvanometer group composed of three laser galvanometers. The laser beam generated by the laser is focused on the target processing area of ​​the workpiece on the workbench after passing through the optical path system and the laser galvanometer and heats the workpiece. The laser galvanometer group is composed of three laser galvanometers arranged circumferentially around the main shaft and fixed on the bed. The three laser galvanometers are concentric with the main shaft and evenly arranged circumferentially at intervals of 120°.

[0012] Furthermore, the Y-axis linear motion mechanism includes a first moving platform and a first slider group arranged on the first moving platform, a first base and a first guide rail group arranged on the first base, a first coupling, a first motor, a first lead screw and a first ball nut; the output shaft of the first motor is connected to the first coupling, the first coupling is connected to the first lead screw, and the first ball nut is sleeved on the first lead screw; the first guide rail groups are respectively arranged on both sides of the first lead screw; the first slider group cooperates with the first guide rail group and can slide freely; the first ball nut is fixedly connected to the first moving platform; the first motor drives the first lead screw to rotate through the first coupling, and then drives the ball nut to carry the first moving platform to perform linear motion; the direction of the linear motion is the Y-axis direction.

[0013] Furthermore, during use, the maximum linear movement range of the Y-axis linear motion mechanism in the Y-axis direction is 800 mm, and the maximum movement speed is 200 mm / s.

[0014] Furthermore, the X-axis linear motion mechanism includes a second movable platform and a second slider group arranged on the second movable platform, a second base and a second guide rail group arranged on the second base, a second coupling, a second motor, a second wire and a second ball nut; the output shaft of the second motor is connected to the second coupling, the second coupling is connected to the second lead screw, and the second ball nut is sleeved on the second lead screw; the second guide rail groups are respectively arranged on both sides of the second lead screw; the second slider group cooperates with the second guide rail group and can slide freely; the ball nut is fixedly connected to the second movable platform; the second motor drives the second lead screw to rotate through the second coupling, and then drives the ball nut to carry the second movable platform to perform linear motion; the direction of the linear motion is the X-axis direction.

[0015] Furthermore, during use, the maximum linear movement range of the X-axis linear motion mechanism in the X-axis direction is 800 mm, and the maximum movement speed is 200 mm / s.

[0016] Furthermore, the first moving platform of the Y-axis linear motion mechanism also serves as the second base of the X-axis linear motion mechanism.

[0017] Furthermore, the A-axis rotation mechanism includes a third base, a third motor, a first rotating shaft and a first rotating table; the third base is provided with a third motor; the third motor is provided with a first rotating shaft; the first rotating table is provided on the first rotating shaft; the third motor drives the first rotating shaft to rotate and thus causes the first rotating table to rotate; the rotation direction of the first rotating table is the direction of the A-axis, and the first rotating shaft is parallel to the X-axis.

[0018] Furthermore, during use, the rotation range of the first rotating platform is -100° to 100°, and the rotation speed is 1 rad / s.

[0019] Furthermore, the second moving platform of the X-axis also serves as the third base of the A-axis.

[0020] Furthermore, the C-axis rotation mechanism includes a fourth base, a fourth motor and a worktable; the fourth base is provided with a fourth motor; the fourth motor is provided with a worktable; the fourth motor drives the worktable to rotate; the rotation direction of the worktable is the direction of the C-axis, and the C-axis is parallel to the Z-axis.

[0021] Furthermore, during use, the rotation range of the C-axis is -400° to 400°, and the rotation speed is 1 rad / s.

[0022] Furthermore, the first rotating platform of the A-axis also serves as the fourth base of the C-axis.

[0023] Furthermore, the Z-axis linear motion mechanism is fixedly arranged on a vertical frame of the bed, and the Z-axis linear motion mechanism includes a third movable platform and a third slider group arranged on the third movable platform, a fifth base and a third guide rail group arranged on the fifth base, a third coupling, a fifth motor, a third lead screw and a third ball nut; the output shaft of the fifth motor is connected to the third coupling, the third coupling is connected to the third lead screw, and the third ball nut is sleeved on the third lead screw; the third guide rail groups are respectively arranged on both sides of the third lead screw; the third slider group cooperates with the third guide rail group and can slide freely; the third ball nut is fixedly connected to the third movable platform; the fifth motor drives the third lead screw to rotate through the third coupling, and then drives the third ball nut to carry the third movable platform to perform linear motion; the direction of the linear motion is the Z-axis direction.

[0024] Furthermore, during use, the maximum linear movement range of the Z-axis linear motion mechanism in the Z-axis direction is 600 mm, and the maximum movement speed is 200 mm / s.

[0025] Furthermore, the fifth base is also a part of the bed; a processing spindle is arranged on the third movable platform; and a processing tool connecting device is arranged on the processing spindle.

[0026] Furthermore, the laser is a near-infrared solid-state laser.

[0027] Furthermore, the workbench is a circular workbench.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages:

[0029] (1) The spatial laser area scanning system of the laser-assisted curved surface machining machine provided by the utility model superimposes the scanning areas of multiple three-dimensional galvanometers to achieve that a point in the area has multiple light paths accessible, so as to avoid the possible obstruction of the laser beam by the tool, workpiece, and fixture during the machining process;

[0030] (2) The utility model sets up a specific five-axis linkage motion configuration, which improves the processing freedom. When combined with a redundant area scanning system composed of multiple three-dimensional galvanometers, the laser beam shielding dead zone is smaller. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a laser-assisted curved surface machining machine tool according to an embodiment of the utility model;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a front view of a laser-assisted curved surface machining machine tool according to an embodiment of the utility model;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of redundant scanning of multiple laser galvanometer regions in an embodiment of the utility model;

[0034] Figure 4 It is a side view of the five-axis linkage curved surface machining system according to an embodiment of the utility model;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a first schematic diagram of a laser galvanometer coupled axis linkage curved surface processing system according to an embodiment of the utility model performing laser-assisted processing of a spatial curved surface;

[0036] Figure 6 A second schematic diagram of the laser galvanometer coupled axis linkage curved surface processing system performing spatial curved surface laser-assisted processing according to an embodiment of the utility model;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of redundant scanning of multiple galvanometer mirrors at the same processing point in an embodiment of the utility model.

[0038] Numbers in the figure: 1. Laser galvanometer group; 2. Processing tool; 3. Workbench; 4. X-axis linear motion mechanism; 5. Y-axis linear motion mechanism; 6. Z-axis linear motion mechanism; 7. A-axis rotation mechanism; 8. C-axis rotation mechanism; 9. Laser galvanometer scanning area; 10. Laser beam; 11. Area to be processed; 12. Processed area; 13. Workpiece. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the utility model clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the utility model will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the utility model described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0040] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention to be protected, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] In the description of the embodiments of the present utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientations or positional relationships in which the utility model product is conventionally placed when in use, or are the orientations or positional relationships conventionally understood by those skilled in the art. They are only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present utility model.

[0042] In the description of the embodiments of the present utility model, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0043] Example

[0044] like Figure 1As shown, this embodiment provides a laser-assisted surface machining machine tool, which includes a bed, a five-axis linkage surface machining system, and a spatial laser area scanning system. The five-axis linkage surface machining system includes an X-axis linear motion mechanism 4, a Y-axis linear motion mechanism 5, a Z-axis linear motion mechanism 6, an A-axis rotation mechanism 7, and a C-axis rotation mechanism 8. The Y-axis linear motion mechanism 5 is arranged on the bed, the X-axis linear motion mechanism 4 is arranged on the Y-axis linear motion mechanism 5, the A-axis rotation mechanism 7 is arranged on the X-axis linear motion mechanism 4, the C-axis rotation mechanism 8 is arranged on the A-axis rotation mechanism 7, and a workbench 3 is arranged on the C-axis rotation mechanism 8. The Z-axis linear motion mechanism 6 is arranged on the bed, and the Z-axis linear motion mechanism 6 is provided with a machining tool 2, and the machining tool 2 processes the workpiece placed on the workbench 3;

[0045] The spatial laser area scanning system includes a laser, an optical path system and three laser galvanometers. The spatial laser area scanning system is arranged on the Z-axis linear motion mechanism 6. The laser beam 10 generated by the laser is focused on the target processing area of ​​the workbench 3 after passing through the optical path system and the laser galvanometer and performs laser-assisted processing.

[0046] Among them, the Y-axis linear motion mechanism 5 includes a first moving platform and a first slider group arranged on the first moving platform, a first base and a first guide rail group arranged on the first base, a first coupling, a first motor, a first lead screw and a first ball nut; the output shaft of the first motor is connected to the first coupling, the first coupling is connected to the first lead screw, and the first ball nut is sleeved on the first lead screw; the first guide rail groups are respectively arranged on both sides of the first lead screw; the first slider group cooperates with the first guide rail group and can slide freely; the first ball nut is fixedly connected to the first moving platform; the first motor drives the first lead screw to rotate through the first coupling, and then drives the ball nut to carry the first moving platform to perform linear motion; the direction of the linear motion is the Y-axis direction.

[0047] Among them, the X-axis linear motion mechanism 4 includes a second movable table and a second slider group arranged on the second movable table, a second base and a second guide rail group arranged on the second base, a second coupling, a second motor, a second wire and a second ball nut; the output shaft of the second motor is connected to the second coupling, the second coupling is connected to the second lead screw, and the second ball nut is sleeved on the second lead screw; the second guide rail groups are respectively arranged on both sides of the second lead screw; the second slider group cooperates with the second guide rail group and can slide freely; the ball nut is fixedly connected to the second movable table; the second motor drives the second lead screw to rotate through the second coupling, and then drives the ball nut to carry the second movable table to perform linear motion; the direction of the linear motion is the X-axis direction.

[0048] Among them, the A-axis rotation mechanism 7 includes a third base, a third motor, a first rotating shaft and a first rotating table; the third base is provided with a third motor; the third motor is provided with a first rotating shaft; the first rotating table is provided on the first rotating shaft; the third motor drives the first rotating shaft to rotate and thus causes the first rotating table to rotate; the rotation direction of the first rotating table is the direction of the A-axis, and the first rotating shaft is parallel to the X-axis.

[0049] Among them, the C-axis rotation mechanism 8 includes a fourth base, a fourth motor and a workbench; the fourth base is provided with a fourth motor; the fourth motor is provided with a workbench; the third motor drives the workbench to rotate; the rotation direction of the workbench is the direction of the C-axis, and the C-axis is parallel to the Z-axis.

[0050] Among them, the Z-axis linear motion mechanism 6 is fixedly set on the vertical frame of the bed, and the Z-axis linear motion mechanism 6 includes a third movable platform and a third slider group arranged on the third movable platform, a fifth base and a third guide rail group arranged on the fifth base, a third coupling, a fifth motor, a third lead screw and a third ball nut; the output shaft of the fifth motor is connected to the third coupling, the third coupling is connected to the third lead screw, and the third ball nut is sleeved on the third lead screw; the third guide rail group is respectively arranged on both sides of the third lead screw; the third slider group cooperates with the third guide rail group and can slide freely; the third ball nut is fixedly connected to the third movable platform; the fifth motor drives the third lead screw to rotate through the third coupling, and then drives the third ball nut to carry the third movable platform to perform linear motion; the direction of the linear motion is the Z-axis direction.

[0051] The specific operation process is as follows:

[0052] Import CAD data, and the CAM system will plan the tool path and laser scanning path according to the CAD data and the tool, fixture, and laser-assisted heating parameters set by the user, and generate processing path data and laser scanning path parameter table (specifically including: tool position, galvanometer number, focus position, and laser power). The processing path data is sent to the five-axis linkage surface processing system to drive the X-axis linear motion mechanism 4, the Y-axis linear motion mechanism 5, the Z-axis linear motion mechanism 6, the A-axis rotation mechanism 7, the C-axis rotation mechanism 8, and the spindle to perform cutting processing according to the given parameters. At the same time, the laser scanning path parameter table is sent to the spatial laser area scanning system, which obtains the current processing status of the five-axis linkage surface processing system in real time, opens the selected galvanometer optical path according to the current position and the laser scanning path parameter table, drives the lens to focus the laser to the specified position, and drives the laser source to emit the required power laser. The two are linked to realize the processing operation.

[0053] The above shows and describes the basic principle and main features of the utility model and the advantages of the utility model, and the standard parts used in the utility model can be purchased from the market. The above embodiments should not limit the utility model in any way, and all technical solutions obtained by equivalent replacement or equivalent conversion fall within the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. A laser-assisted curved surface machining machine tool, characterized in that: include: Bed, five-axis linkage surface processing system, spatial laser area scanning system; The five-axis linkage curved surface machining system comprises an X-axis linear motion mechanism (4), a Y-axis linear motion mechanism (5), a Z-axis linear motion mechanism (6), an A-axis rotation mechanism (7), and a C-axis rotation mechanism (8); The Y-axis linear motion mechanism (5) is arranged on the bed, the X-axis linear motion mechanism (4) is arranged on the Y-axis linear motion mechanism (5), the A-axis rotation mechanism (7) is arranged on the X-axis linear motion mechanism (4), the C-axis rotation mechanism (8) is arranged on the A-axis rotation mechanism (7), and a workbench (3) is arranged on the C-axis rotation mechanism (8); The Z-axis linear motion mechanism (6) is arranged on the bed, and the Z-axis linear motion mechanism (6) is provided with a main shaft and a processing tool (2), and the processing tool (2) is used to process a workpiece placed on the workbench (3); The spatial laser area scanning system is fixedly arranged on a vertical frame of a bed, and comprises a laser, an optical path system and a laser galvanometer group (1). The laser beam (10) generated by the laser is focused on a target processing area of ​​a workpiece (13) on a workbench (3) after passing through the optical path system and the laser galvanometer group (1) to heat the workpiece (13); the laser galvanometer group (1) comprises three laser galvanometers arranged circumferentially around a main axis and fixed on the bed; the three laser galvanometers are coaxial with the main axis and uniformly arranged circumferentially at intervals of 120°.

2. The laser-assisted curved surface machining machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Y-axis linear motion mechanism (5) comprises a first moving platform and a first slider group arranged on the first moving platform, a first base and a first guide rail group arranged on the first base, a first coupling, a first motor, a first lead screw and a first ball nut; the output shaft of the first motor is connected to the first coupling, the first coupling is connected to the first lead screw, and the first ball nut is sleeved on the first lead screw; the first guide rail groups are respectively arranged on both sides of the first lead screw; the first slider group cooperates with the first guide rail group and can slide freely; the first ball nut is fixedly connected to the first moving platform; the first motor drives the first lead screw to rotate through the first coupling, and then drives the ball nut to carry the first moving platform to perform linear motion; the direction of the linear motion is the Y-axis direction.

3. The laser-assisted curved surface machining machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: The X-axis linear motion mechanism (4) comprises a second moving platform and a second slider group arranged on the second moving platform, a second base and a second guide rail group arranged on the second base, a second coupling, a second motor, a second lead screw and a second ball nut; the output shaft of the second motor is connected to the second coupling, the second coupling is connected to the second lead screw, and the second ball nut is sleeved on the second lead screw; the second guide rail groups are respectively arranged on both sides of the second lead screw; the second slider group cooperates with the second guide rail group and can slide freely; the ball nut is fixedly connected to the second moving platform; the second motor drives the second lead screw to rotate through the second coupling, and then drives the ball nut to carry the second moving platform to perform linear motion; the direction of the linear motion is the X-axis direction.

4. The laser-assisted curved surface machining machine tool according to claim 3, characterized in that: During use, the first moving platform of the Y-axis linear motion mechanism (5) also serves as the second base of the X-axis linear motion mechanism (4).

5. The laser-assisted curved surface machining machine tool according to claim 3, characterized in that: The A-axis rotating mechanism (7) comprises a third base, a third motor, a first rotating shaft and a first rotating table; the third base is provided with a third motor; the third motor is provided with a first rotating shaft; the first rotating table is provided with the first rotating shaft; the third motor drives the first rotating shaft to rotate and thus causes the first rotating table to rotate; the rotation direction of the first rotating table is the direction of the A-axis, and the first rotating shaft is parallel to the X-axis.

6. The laser-assisted curved surface machining machine tool according to claim 5, characterized in that: During use, the second moving platform of the X-axis also serves as the third base of the A-axis.

7. The laser-assisted curved surface machining machine tool according to claim 5, characterized in that: The C-axis rotation mechanism (8) comprises a fourth base, a fourth motor and a workbench; the fourth base is provided with a fourth motor; the fourth motor is provided with a workbench; the fourth motor drives the workbench to rotate; the rotation direction of the workbench is the direction of the C-axis, and the C-axis is parallel to the Z-axis.

8. The laser-assisted curved surface machining machine tool according to claim 7, characterized in that: During use, the first rotating platform of the A-axis also serves as the fourth base of the C-axis.

9. The laser-assisted curved surface machining machine tool according to claim 7, characterized in that: The Z-axis linear motion mechanism (6) is fixedly arranged on a vertical frame of the bed, and comprises a third moving platform and a third slider group arranged on the third moving platform, a fifth base and a third guide rail group arranged on the fifth base, a third coupling, a fifth motor, a third lead screw and a third ball nut; the output shaft of the fifth motor is connected to the third coupling, the third coupling is connected to the third lead screw, and the third ball nut sleeve is connected to the third lead screw; the third guide rail groups are respectively arranged on both sides of the third lead screw; the third slider group cooperates with the third guide rail group and can slide freely; the third ball nut is fixedly connected to the third moving platform; the fifth motor drives the third lead screw to rotate through the third coupling, and then drives the third ball nut to carry the third moving platform to perform linear motion; the direction of the linear motion is the Z-axis direction.

10. The laser-assisted curved surface machining machine tool according to claim 9, characterized in that: During use, the fifth base is also a part of the bed; a processing spindle is arranged on the third movable platform; and a processing tool connecting device is arranged on the processing spindle.

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