Staged friction damper

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of building structure dampers, and discloses a graded friction damper. The main technical characteristics are that the device comprises a displacement force transmission plate, and the displacement force transmission plate comprises a first-stage force transmission friction area with a first-stage friction damping component and a second-stage force transmission friction area with a second-stage friction damping component; the first-stage friction damping component comprises a first-stage left sliding pull plate, a first-stage left outer fixed friction plate, a first-stage right sliding pull plate and a first-stage right outer fixed friction plate which are connected through a first screw rod; the second-stage friction damping component comprises a second-stage left sliding pull plate, a second-stage left outer fixed friction plate, a second-stage right sliding pull plate and a second-stage right outer fixed friction plate, and the second-stage left sliding pull plate and the second-stage left outer fixed friction plate are connected through a second screw. The friction force generated by the first-stage friction damping component and the first-stage force transmission friction area is smaller than the friction force generated by the second-stage friction damping component and the second-stage force transmission friction area. The device has the advantages of simple structure, good stability, convenience in installation, good energy consumption effect, reliable performance and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of building structure dampers, and in particular relates to a graded friction damper. Background Art

[0002] Earthquakes are one of the more common natural disasters in people's lives. Thousands of earthquakes occur almost every day on the earth. Severe earthquakes can cause houses to collapse and cause a large number of casualties. Even earthquakes with less damage can cause varying degrees of damage to houses. Friction dampers are widely used due to their simple structure and stable performance. Their main function is to consume input energy through friction and slip between components. Under normal use loads, friction dampers provide additional stiffness for the structure. Under the action of earthquakes, friction dampers generate friction and slip to consume and absorb input energy, provide additional damping for the structure, and reduce structural response. The existing friction damper includes two panels that rub against each other. The two panels that rub against each other generate friction movement within a certain range to achieve energy consumption. The above-mentioned friction damper has the following defects: First, when the friction force set by the friction damper is small, the relative displacement of the friction panel is large and the energy consumption is small. The friction damper only consumes friction energy within a single range. When it exceeds the set range, the friction damper loses its effect and cannot meet the use requirements of structural shock absorption; second, when the friction force set by the friction damper is large, the friction damper loses its effect after an earthquake of a small magnitude occurs, and cannot meet the use requirements of structural shock absorption. Utility Model Content

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a graded friction damper which has good energy dissipation effect and is suitable for different earthquake magnitudes.

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the utility model of the stepped friction damper is as follows: comprising a displacement force transmission plate, the displacement force transmission plate comprising a primary force transmission friction zone and a secondary force transmission friction zone, a plurality of first limiting holes and second limiting holes spaced at a certain distance are respectively arranged on the primary force transmission friction zone and the secondary force transmission friction zone, a primary friction damping component is arranged in the primary force transmission friction zone, and a secondary friction damping component is arranged in the secondary force transmission friction zone; the primary friction damping component comprises a primary left sliding pull plate and a primary right sliding pull plate located on the left and right sides of the primary force transmission friction zone The pull plate is provided with a first strip hole on the first-level left sliding pull plate and the first-level right sliding pull plate, and a first-level left outer fixed friction plate and a first-level right outer fixed friction plate are respectively provided on the outer sides of the first-level left sliding pull plate and the first-level right sliding pull plate, and a third limiting hole is provided on the first-level left outer fixed friction plate and the first-level right outer fixed friction plate, and the first-level left outer fixed friction plate, the first-level left sliding pull plate, the first-level right sliding pull plate and the first-level right outer fixed friction plate are connected by a first screw rod passing through the third limiting hole, the first limiting hole and the first strip hole, and force transmission rods are provided at both ends of the first screw rod. A gasket, a compression spring and a nut, a primary connecting assembly is arranged at the ends of the primary left sliding pull plate and the primary right sliding pull plate; the secondary friction damping component comprises a secondary left sliding pull plate and a secondary right sliding pull plate located on the left and right sides of the secondary force transmission friction zone, a second strip hole is arranged on the secondary left sliding pull plate and the secondary right sliding pull plate, a secondary left outer fixed friction plate and a secondary right outer fixed friction plate are respectively arranged on the outer sides of the secondary left sliding pull plate and the secondary right sliding pull plate, a fourth limiting hole is arranged on the secondary left outer fixed friction plate and the secondary right outer fixed friction plate, The secondary left outer fixed friction plate, the secondary left sliding pull plate, the secondary right sliding pull plate and the secondary right outer fixed friction plate are connected by a second screw rod passing through the fourth limiting hole, the second limiting hole and the second strip hole, and force transmission gaskets, compression springs and nuts are arranged at both ends of the second screw rod, and secondary connecting components are arranged at the ends of the secondary left sliding pull plate and the secondary right sliding pull plate; during relative sliding, the friction force generated by the primary friction damping component and the primary force transmission friction zone is smaller than the friction force generated by the secondary friction damping component and the secondary force transmission friction zone.

[0005] Its additional technical features are:

[0006] The length dimension of the first strip-shaped hole is smaller than the length dimension of the second strip-shaped hole;

[0007] A friction element is provided on one side of the primary left sliding plate and the primary right sliding plate in contact with the displacement force transmission plate, and a friction element is provided on one side of the secondary left sliding plate and the secondary right sliding plate in contact with the displacement force transmission plate;

[0008] A first friction element is arranged on both sides of the primary force transmission friction zone of the displacement force transmission plate, and a second friction element is arranged on both sides of the secondary force transmission friction zone of the displacement force transmission plate;

[0009] An anti-instability rib is provided in the middle of the displacement force transmission plate;

[0010] The displacement force transmission plate is in the shape of a "T" with a narrow primary force transmission friction zone and a wide secondary force transmission friction zone. The first screws are in two rows of six and the second screws are in four rows of eight.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the graded friction damper provided by the utility model has the following advantages: first, since it includes a displacement force transmission plate, the displacement force transmission plate includes a primary force transmission friction zone and a secondary force transmission friction zone, a plurality of first limit holes and a second limit holes spaced a certain distance apart are respectively arranged on the primary force transmission friction zone and the secondary force transmission friction zone, a primary friction damping component is arranged in the primary force transmission friction zone, and a secondary friction damping component is arranged in the secondary force transmission friction zone; the primary friction damping component includes a primary left sliding pull plate located on the left and right sides of the primary force transmission friction zone and a first-level right sliding plate, a first strip hole is arranged on the first-level left sliding plate and the first-level right sliding plate, a first-level left outer fixed friction plate and a first-level right outer fixed friction plate are arranged on the outer sides of the first-level left sliding plate and the first-level right sliding plate, respectively, a third limiting hole is arranged on the first-level left outer fixed friction plate and the first-level right outer fixed friction plate, the first-level left outer fixed friction plate, the first-level right sliding plate and the first-level right outer fixed friction plate are connected by a first screw rod passing through the third limiting hole, the first limiting hole and the first strip hole, and a first screw rod is arranged at both ends of the first screw rod. A force transmission gasket, a compression spring and a nut are arranged, and a primary connecting assembly is arranged at the ends of the primary left sliding pull plate and the primary right sliding pull plate; the secondary friction damping component includes a secondary left sliding pull plate and a secondary right sliding pull plate located on the left and right sides of the secondary force transmission friction area, and a second strip hole is arranged on the secondary left sliding pull plate and the secondary right sliding pull plate, and a secondary left outer fixed friction plate and a secondary right outer fixed friction plate are respectively arranged on the outer sides of the secondary left sliding pull plate and the secondary right sliding pull plate, and a fourth limiting hole is arranged on the secondary left outer fixed friction plate and the secondary right outer fixed friction plate The secondary left outer fixed friction plate, the secondary left sliding pull plate, the secondary right sliding pull plate and the secondary right outer fixed friction plate are connected by a second screw rod passing through the fourth limiting hole, the second limiting hole and the second strip hole, and a force transmission gasket, a compression spring and a nut are arranged at both ends of the second screw rod, and a secondary connecting assembly is arranged at the ends of the secondary left sliding pull plate and the secondary right sliding pull plate; during the relative sliding process, the friction force generated by the primary friction damping component and the primary force transmission friction zone is less than the friction force generated by the secondary friction damping component and the secondary force transmission friction zone,

[0012] When an earthquake occurs, the energy is small. When the energy reaches the parameters set by the first-level friction damping component (that is, the earthquake energy reaches the friction force generated by the first-level left sliding plate and the first-level right sliding plate and the first-level force transmission friction zone, the friction force generated by the first-level left sliding plate and the first-level left outer fixed friction plate, and the first-level right sliding plate and the first-level right outer fixed friction plate), the first-level left outer fixed friction plate and the first-level right outer fixed friction plate are relatively stationary with the displacement transmission plate, and the first screw moves in the first strip hole, and the first-level left sliding plate and the first-level right sliding plate and the first-level force transmission friction zone, the first-level left sliding plate and the first-level right sliding plate move relative to the first-level left outer fixed friction plate and the first-level right outer fixed friction plate, generating friction energy consumption. When the energy exceeds the sum of the friction forces between the first-level left sliding plate and the first-level right sliding plate and the first-level force transmission friction zone and the first-level left sliding plate and the first-level left outer fixed friction plate and the first-level right outer fixed friction plate, the first screw is located at the end of the first strip hole, and the first-level friction damping component passes through the first strip hole. A screw rod drives the displacement force transmission plate to jointly generate displacement, and the second screw rod moves in the second strip hole. The secondary left sliding pull plate and the secondary right sliding pull plate move relative to the secondary left external fixed friction plate and the secondary right external fixed friction plate with the secondary force transmission friction zone, and generate friction energy consumption. Therefore, when an earthquake occurs, the primary friction damping component and the secondary friction damping component of the graded friction damper can respectively generate four moving friction pairs for friction energy consumption. At the same time, the conversion of the primary energy consumption and the secondary energy consumption is achieved through the limiting holes and the long strip holes set between the components, thereby further simplifying the effective installation size of the main body structure. Due to the arrangement of the limiting holes, the shape of the limiting holes can be circular or other shapes that can limit the displacement of the bolts. The displacement force transmission plate and the external fixed friction component can achieve synchronous movement, which increases the number of moving friction pairs when the damper generates sliding displacement. Under the same energy consumption, the torque required to be applied by the bolts is smaller, thereby using fewer bolt assemblies.

[0013] Secondly, the length dimension of the first strip hole is smaller than that of the second strip hole, so that the moving distance in the primary force transmission friction zone is short and the energy consumption is small, while the moving distance in the secondary force transmission friction zone is large and the energy consumption is large;

[0014] Thirdly, since a friction element is provided on the side where the first-level left sliding plate and the first-level right sliding plate contact the displacement force transmission plate, and a friction element is provided on the side where the second-level left sliding plate and the second-level right sliding plate contact the displacement force transmission plate, the friction element is fixed to the first-level left sliding plate, the first-level right sliding plate, the second-level left sliding plate and the second-level right sliding plate by bonding or welding, etc., and has good wear resistance and is easy to process;

[0015] Fourthly, a first friction element is arranged on both sides of the primary force transmission friction zone of the displacement force transmission plate, and a second friction element is arranged on both sides of the secondary force transmission friction zone of the displacement force transmission plate; the first friction element and the second friction element are respectively fixed to both sides of the primary force transmission friction zone and the secondary force transmission friction zone by bonding or welding, which greatly improves the wear resistance;

[0016] Fifth, since an anti-instability rib is arranged in the middle of the displacement force transmission plate, the stability of the first-level left sliding plate, the first-level right sliding plate, the second-level left sliding plate and the second-level right sliding plate during slideway displacement is ensured;

[0017] Sixth, since the displacement force transmission plate is in the shape of a "T" with a narrow primary force transmission friction zone and a wide secondary force transmission friction zone, the first screw has two rows of six and the second screw has four rows of eight, under the same type of compression spring, the secondary force transmission friction zone has greater friction and energy consumption than the primary force transmission friction zone. Of course, a compression spring with greater elasticity can also be used in the secondary force transmission friction zone to increase the friction of the secondary force transmission friction zone. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the utility model of the graded friction damper;

[0019] Figure 2 It is a top view of the stepped friction damper;

[0020] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Side view of;

[0021] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the displacement force transmission plate;

[0022] Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of a primary friction damping component;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of a first-level left sliding pull plate;

[0024] Figure 7 for Figure 6 AA section view;

[0025] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the left outer fixed friction plate of the first stage;

[0026] Fig. 9 is a structural schematic diagram of a secondary friction damping component;

[0027] Fig.10 It is a structural schematic diagram of the secondary left sliding pull plate;

[0028] Fig.11 for Fig.10 BB cross-section diagram;

[0029] Fig.12 It is a structural schematic diagram of the secondary left outer fixed friction plate;

[0030] Fig.13 It is a structural schematic diagram of a displacement force transmission plate with a first friction element and a second friction element;

[0031] Fig.14 for Fig.13 CC cross-section diagram.

[0032] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings are as follows:

[0033] 1. Displacement force transmission plate; 2. Primary force transmission friction zone; 3. Secondary force transmission friction zone; 4. First limiting hole; 5. Second limiting hole; 6. Primary friction damping component; 7. Secondary friction damping component; 8. Primary left sliding plate; 9. Primary right sliding plate; 10. First strip hole; 11. Primary left outer fixed friction plate; 12. Primary right outer fixed friction plate; 13. Third limiting hole; 14. First screw; 15. Force transmission gasket; 16. Compression spring; 17. Nut; 18. Primary connecting assembly; 19. First insertion vertical plate; 20. First end plate; 21. Connecting bolt; 22, secondary left sliding plate; 23, secondary right sliding plate; 24, second strip hole; 25, secondary left outer fixed friction plate; 26, secondary right outer fixed friction plate; 27, fourth limiting hole; 28, second screw rod; 29, force transmission gasket; 30, compression spring; 31, nut; 32, secondary connecting assembly; 33, second insert vertical plate; 34, second end plate; 35, second connecting plate; 36, connecting bolt; 37, friction element; 38, first friction element; 39, second friction element; 40, anti-instability rib plate; 41, first connecting plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The structure and use principle of the utility model's graded friction damper are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementations.

[0035] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Fig. 9 , Fig.10 , Fig.11 , Fig.12 , Fig.13 and Fig.14As shown, the schematic diagram of the structure of the utility model stepped friction damper, the utility model stepped friction damper includes a displacement force transmission plate 1, the displacement force transmission plate 1 includes a primary force transmission friction zone 2 and a secondary force transmission friction zone 3, and a plurality of first limit holes 4 and second limit holes 5 spaced at a certain distance are respectively arranged on the primary force transmission friction zone 2 and the secondary force transmission friction zone 3. The shape of the first limit hole 4 and the second limit hole 5 can be circular or other shapes that can limit the displacement of the bolt. A primary friction damping component 6 is arranged on the primary force transmission friction zone 2, and a secondary friction damping component 7 is arranged on the secondary force transmission friction zone 3.

[0036] like Figure 1 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the primary friction damping component 6 includes a primary left sliding plate 8 and a primary right sliding plate 9 located on the left and right sides of the primary force transmission friction zone 2, a first strip hole 10 is provided on the primary left sliding plate 8 and the primary right sliding plate 9, a primary left outer fixed friction plate 11 and a primary right outer fixed friction plate 12 are respectively provided on the outer sides of the primary left sliding plate 8 and the primary right sliding plate 9, and a third limiting hole 13 is provided on the primary left outer fixed friction plate 11 and the primary right outer fixed friction plate 12. The shape of the third limiting hole 13 can be circular or other shapes that can limit the displacement of the bolt. The first-level left outer fixed friction plate 11, the first-level left sliding plate 8, the first-level right sliding plate 9 and the first-level right outer fixed friction plate 12 are connected by a first screw 14 that passes through the third limiting hole 13, the first limiting hole 4 and the first strip hole 10. A force transmission gasket 15, a compression spring 16 and a nut 17 are arranged at both ends of the first screw 14. A first-level connecting assembly 18 is arranged at the ends of the first-level left sliding plate 8 and the first-level right sliding plate 9. The first-level connecting assembly 18 includes a first insertion vertical plate 19, a first end plate 20 and a first connecting plate 41. The first insertion vertical plate 19 is inserted between the first-level left sliding plate 8 and the first-level right sliding plate 9, and is fixedly connected to the first-level left sliding plate 8 and the first-level right sliding plate 9 through a connecting bolt 21. The first-level left sliding plate 8, the first-level right sliding plate 9, the first-level left outer fixed friction plate 11 and the first-level right outer fixed friction plate 12 can be two pieces arranged side by side.

[0037] like Figure 1 , Fig. 9 , Fig.10 , Fig.11 and Fig.12As shown, the secondary friction damping component 7 includes a secondary left sliding plate 22 and a secondary right sliding plate 23 located on the left and right sides of the secondary force transmission friction zone 3, a second strip hole 24 is arranged on the secondary left sliding plate 22 and the secondary right sliding plate 23, a secondary left outer fixed friction plate 25 and a secondary right outer fixed friction plate 26 are arranged on the outer sides of the secondary left sliding plate 22 and the secondary right sliding plate 23, respectively, and a fourth limiting hole 27 is arranged on the secondary left outer fixed friction plate 25 and the secondary right outer fixed friction plate 26, and the shape of the fourth limiting hole 27 can be circular or other shapes that can limit the displacement of the bolt. The secondary left outer fixed friction plate 25, the secondary left sliding plate 22, the secondary right sliding plate 23 and the secondary right outer fixed friction plate 26 are connected by a second screw 28 that passes through the fourth limiting hole 27, the second limiting hole 5 and the second strip hole 24. A force transmission gasket 29, a compression spring 30 and a nut 31 are arranged at both ends of the second screw rod 28, and a second connection assembly 32 is arranged at the ends of the secondary left sliding plate 22 and the secondary right sliding plate 23; the second connection assembly 32 includes a second insertion vertical plate 33, a second end plate 34 and a second connection plate 35, and the second insertion vertical plate 33 is inserted between the secondary left sliding plate 22 and the secondary right sliding plate 23, and is fixedly connected to the secondary left sliding plate 22 and the secondary right sliding plate 23 by connecting bolts 36. The secondary left sliding plate 22, the secondary right sliding plate 23, the secondary left outer fixed friction plate 25 and the secondary right outer fixed friction plate 26 can be two pieces arranged in parallel up and down.

[0038] During relative sliding, the friction force generated between the primary friction damping component and the primary force transmission friction zone is smaller than the friction force generated between the secondary friction damping component and the secondary force transmission friction zone.

[0039] When an earthquake occurs, the energy is small. When the energy reaches the parameters set by the first-level friction damping component 6 (that is, the earthquake energy reaches the friction force generated by the first-level left sliding plate 8 and the first-level right sliding plate 9 and the first-level force transmission friction zone 2, the friction force generated by the first-level left sliding plate 8 and the first-level left outer fixed friction plate 11 and the first-level right sliding plate 9 and the first-level right outer fixed friction plate 12), the first-level left outer fixed friction plate 11 and the first-level right outer fixed friction plate 12 are relatively stationary with the displacement force transmission plate 1, the first screw 14 moves in the first strip hole 10, and the first-level left sliding plate 8 and the first-level right sliding plate 9 and the first-level right outer fixed friction plate 12 are relatively stationary with the displacement force transmission plate 1. The movable pull plate 8 and the first-level right sliding pull plate 9 move relative to the first-level force transmission friction zone 2, the first-level left sliding pull plate 8 and the first-level right sliding pull plate 9 relative to the first-level left outer fixed friction plate 11 and the first-level right outer fixed friction plate 12, generating friction energy consumption. When the energy exceeds the sum of the friction between the first-level left sliding pull plate and the first-level right sliding pull plate and the first-level force transmission friction zone and the first-level left sliding pull plate and the first-level right sliding pull plate and the first-level left outer fixed friction plate and the first-level right outer fixed friction plate, the first screw 14 is located at the end of the first strip hole 10, and the first-level friction damping structure Component 6 drives the displacement force transmission plate 1 to generate displacement together through the first screw 14, and the second screw 28 moves in the second strip hole 24. The secondary left sliding plate 22 and the secondary right sliding plate 23 move relative to the secondary force transmission friction zone 3, the secondary left sliding plate 22 and the secondary right sliding plate 23 relative to the secondary left outer fixed friction plate 25 and the secondary right outer fixed friction plate 26, generating friction energy consumption. Therefore, when an earthquake occurs, the primary friction damping component 6 and the secondary friction damping component 7 of the graded friction damper can respectively generate four moving friction pairs for friction energy consumption. At the same time, the conversion of the primary energy consumption and the secondary energy consumption is achieved through the limiting holes and the long strip holes set between the components, thereby further simplifying the effective installation size of the main body structure. Due to the arrangement of the limiting holes, the shape of the limiting holes can be circular or other shapes that can limit the displacement of the bolts. The displacement force transmission plate and the external fixed friction component can achieve synchronous movement, which increases the number of moving friction pairs when the damper generates sliding displacement. Under the same energy consumption, the torque required to be applied by the bolts is smaller, thereby using fewer bolt assemblies.

[0040] The length dimension of the first strip hole 10 is smaller than that of the second strip hole 24, so that the moving distance in the primary force transmission friction zone is short and the energy consumption is small, while the moving distance in the secondary force transmission friction zone is large and the energy consumption is large.

[0041] A friction element 37 is provided on the side where the primary left sliding plate 8 and the primary right sliding plate 9 contact the displacement force transmission plate 1, and a friction element 37 is provided on the side where the secondary left sliding plate 22 and the secondary right sliding plate 23 contact the displacement force transmission plate 1. The friction element 37 is fixed to the primary left sliding plate 8, the primary right sliding plate 9, the secondary left sliding plate 22 and the secondary right sliding plate 23 by bonding or welding, etc., and has good wear resistance and is easy to process.

[0042] like Fig.13 and Fig.14 As shown, first friction elements 38 are arranged on both sides of the primary force transmission friction zone 2 of the displacement force transmission plate 1, and second friction elements 39 are arranged on both sides of the secondary force transmission friction zone 3 of the displacement force transmission plate 1; the first friction element 38 and the second friction element 39 are respectively fixed to both sides of the primary force transmission friction zone 2 and the secondary force transmission friction zone 3 by bonding or welding, which greatly improves the wear resistance.

[0043] An anti-instability rib 40 is arranged in the middle of the displacement force transmission plate 1, which ensures good stability of the first-level left sliding plate 8, the first-level right sliding plate 9, the second-level left sliding plate 22 and the second-level right sliding plate 23 when the slideway is displaced.

[0044] The displacement force transmission plate 1 is in the shape of a "T" with a narrow primary force transmission friction zone 2 and a wide secondary force transmission friction zone 3. The first screw rods 14 are in two rows of six, and the second screw rods 28 are in four rows of eight in total. Under the same type of compression spring, the secondary force transmission friction zone has greater friction and energy consumption than the primary force transmission friction zone. Of course, a compression spring with greater elasticity can also be used in the secondary force transmission friction zone to increase the friction of the secondary force transmission friction zone.

[0045] In the description of the present invention, the indicated positional relationship is based on the positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of simplifying the description of the present invention, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific position structure and operation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention. The terms "primary" and "secondary" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating importance. The accompanying drawings of the present invention are only preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, and the purpose of the illustrations is only to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this. Any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, shall make equivalent replacements or changes, including but not limited to adding or reducing primary / secondary external fixed friction components, modifying the parts where the limiting holes and the elongated holes are located, changing the shapes of the limiting holes and the elongated holes, and the arrangement of the friction elements, etc., within the scope of the present invention. All changes should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The graded friction damper is characterized by: The displacement force transmission plate includes a primary force transmission friction area and a secondary force transmission friction area, a plurality of first limiting holes and a second limiting holes spaced at a certain distance are respectively arranged on the primary force transmission friction area and the secondary force transmission friction area, a primary friction damping component is arranged in the primary force transmission friction area, and a secondary friction damping component is arranged in the secondary force transmission friction area; The primary friction damping component comprises a primary left sliding pull plate and a primary right sliding pull plate located on the left and right sides of the primary force transmission friction zone, a first strip hole is arranged on the primary left sliding pull plate and the primary right sliding pull plate, a primary left outer fixed friction plate and a primary right outer fixed friction plate are respectively arranged on the outer sides of the primary left sliding pull plate and the primary right sliding pull plate, a third limiting hole is arranged on the primary left outer fixed friction plate and the primary right outer fixed friction plate, the primary left outer fixed friction plate, the primary left sliding pull plate, the primary right sliding pull plate and the primary right outer fixed friction plate are connected by a first screw rod passing through the third limiting hole, the first limiting hole and the first strip hole, a force transmission gasket, a compression spring and a nut are arranged at both ends of the first screw, and a primary connecting assembly is arranged at the ends of the primary left sliding pull plate and the primary right sliding pull plate; The secondary friction damping component comprises a secondary left sliding pull plate and a secondary right sliding pull plate located on the left and right sides of the secondary force transmission friction zone, a second strip hole is arranged on the secondary left sliding pull plate and the secondary right sliding pull plate, a secondary left outer fixed friction plate and a secondary right outer fixed friction plate are respectively arranged on the outer sides of the secondary left sliding pull plate and the secondary right sliding pull plate, a fourth limiting hole is arranged on the secondary left outer fixed friction plate and the secondary right outer fixed friction plate, the secondary left outer fixed friction plate, the secondary left sliding pull plate, the secondary right sliding pull plate and the secondary right outer fixed friction plate are connected by a second screw that passes through the fourth limiting hole, the second limiting hole and the second strip hole, a force transmission gasket, a compression spring and a nut are arranged at both ends of the second screw, and a secondary connecting assembly is arranged at the ends of the secondary left sliding pull plate and the secondary right sliding pull plate; During relative sliding, the friction force generated between the primary friction damping component and the primary force transmission friction zone is smaller than the friction force generated between the secondary friction damping component and the secondary force transmission friction zone.

2. The stepped friction damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length dimension of the first strip-shaped hole is smaller than the length dimension of the second strip-shaped hole.

3. The stepped friction damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: A friction element is provided on one side where the primary left sliding plate and the primary right sliding plate contact the displacement force transmission plate, and a friction element is provided on one side where the secondary left sliding plate and the secondary right sliding plate contact the displacement force transmission plate.

4. The stepped friction damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: First friction elements are arranged on both sides of the primary force transmission friction zone of the displacement force transmission plate, and second friction elements are arranged on both sides of the secondary force transmission friction zone of the displacement force transmission plate.

5. The stepped friction damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: An anti-instability rib is arranged in the middle of the displacement force transmission plate.

6. The stepped friction damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The displacement force transmission plate is in the shape of a "T" with a narrow primary force transmission friction zone and a wide secondary force transmission friction zone. The first screws are in two rows of six and the second screws are in four rows of eight in total.

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