Sulfuric acid-containing ammonium sulfate wastewater pretreatment system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a sulfuric acid-containing ammonium sulfate wastewater pretreatment system, which is characterized in that a bottom outlet of a material wastewater storage tank is connected with a pH value regulating tank through a feeding pump, and a discharge port of an ammonia water storage tank is connected with the pH value regulating tank through an ammonia water metering pump; the outlet end of the pH value regulating tank is connected with the silicon removal agent reaction tank through an overflow port; a bottom outlet of the silicon removal agent soaking tank is connected with the silicon removal agent reaction tank through a silicon removal agent metering pump; the outlet end of the silicon removal agent reaction tank is connected with the flocculating agent reaction tank through an overflow port, and the bottom outlet of the flocculating agent soaking tank is connected with the flocculating agent reaction tank through a flocculating agent metering pump; the outlet end of the flocculant reaction tank is connected with the precipitation stirring tank through an overflow port, a stirring sledge and a sludge discharge pipe are arranged at the bottom of the precipitation stirring tank, and the outlet end of the precipitation stirring tank is connected with the ammonium sulfate wastewater buffer tank. The system can remove most impurities in the ammonium sulfate wastewater, provides guarantee for improving subsequent salt separation and recovery, and reduces the danger in the treatment process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to a wastewater treatment system, in particular to an ammonium sulfate wastewater pretreatment system containing sulfuric acid, and belongs to the technical field of industrial wastewater treatment. Background Art

[0002] Ammonium sulfate is an excellent nitrogen fertilizer (commonly known as fertilizer powder), suitable for general soil and crops. It can make branches and leaves grow vigorously, improve fruit quality and yield, and enhance the resistance of crops to disasters. It can be used as base fertilizer, topdressing and seed fertilizer. It is also a catalyst for food color, a nitrogen source for yeast cultivation in fresh yeast production, an auxiliary dye for acid dyeing, and a leather deashing agent. In addition, it is also used in beer brewing, chemical reagents and battery production. Another important role of ammonium sulfate is the mining of rare earths. Ammonium sulfate is used as a raw material for mining. The rare earth elements in the ore are exchanged in the form of ion exchange, and the leaching liquid is collected, impurities are removed, precipitated, pressed, and burned to form rare earth ore. About 5 tons of ammonium sulfate are required for each ton of rare earth ore produced. Ammonium sulfate plays an important role in my country's agricultural production and industrial modernization. How to separate qualified ammonium sulfate from industrial wastewater has become a research hotspot.

[0003] In industry, ammonium sulfate can be obtained by directly neutralizing ammonia and sulfuric acid. It is mainly used to absorb by-products or waste gases emitted in industrial production with sulfuric acid or ammonia water, such as sulfuric acid absorbing ammonia in coke oven gas, ammonia absorbing sulfur dioxide in smelter flue gas, ammonia in capron production or sulfuric acid waste liquid in sulfuric acid titanium dioxide production. When ammonium sulfate is produced industrially or sulfuric acid is used to remove toxic ammonia, ammonium sulfate wastewater containing sulfuric acid will be generated, which will cause great waste and pollute the surrounding environment. How to harmlessly treat the wastewater and generate economic benefits has become a difficult problem.

[0004] The Chinese invention patent application with publication number "CN 105417819B" discloses a process for efficiently treating rare earth ammonium sulfate wastewater, wherein the ammonium sulfate wastewater from the rare earth production process is pre-treated with industrial oxalic acid to remove rare earth and calcium in the solution to form a 4-6% ammonium sulfate solution, which is then heated and concentrated using an MVR evaporator to a concentration of 11-13% and a temperature of 80-85°C. The concentrated ammonium sulfate solution is then transported to the first-effect evaporator unit of a five-effect evaporator, and steam is introduced to heat the ammonium sulfate solution to 85-90°C to make the ammonium sulfate solution The steam enters the second-effect evaporator unit, the third-effect evaporator unit, the fourth-effect evaporator unit and the fifth-effect evaporator unit in sequence. At the same time, the steam in the first-effect evaporator unit is separated from water vapor in the separation chamber, and the separated steam enters the second-effect evaporator unit to heat the ammonium sulfate solution. After water vapor separation, the steam enters the third-effect evaporator unit to heat the ammonium sulfate solution. By analogy, the steam finally enters the fifth-effect evaporator unit. At this time, the temperature of the ammonium sulfate solution is reduced to 50-55°C, and then enters the continuous crystallizer for crystallization, and finally centrifuges to prepare the ammonium sulfate product.

[0005] The above technical scheme has the following defects: the pretreatment scheme can only remove rare earth and calcium in the solution, and is not suitable for the treatment of ammonium sulfate wastewater containing sulfuric acid. The secondary steam impurities of the subsequent evaporation unit are high, which is not conducive to reuse and affects the normal operation of the unit. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this section is to summarize some aspects of the embodiments of the utility model and briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section and the specification abstract and utility model name of this application to avoid blurring the purpose of this section, specification abstract and utility model name, and such simplifications or omissions cannot be used to limit the scope of the utility model.

[0007] In view of the above problems and / or the problems existing in the prior art, the present utility model is proposed.

[0008] The purpose of the utility model is to overcome the problems existing in the prior art and provide a pretreatment system for ammonium sulfate wastewater containing sulfuric acid, which sequentially undergoes pH value adjustment, silicon removal agent injection and flocculant injection, and finally achieves solid-liquid separation through sedimentation and stirring, thereby removing most of the impurities in the ammonium sulfate wastewater, providing a guarantee for improving subsequent salt recovery, and reducing the danger in the treatment process.

[0009] In order to solve the above technical problems, the utility model provides a pretreatment system for ammonium sulfate wastewater containing sulfuric acid, comprising a material wastewater storage tank, the bottom outlet of which is connected to the inlet of a feed pump, the outlet of which is connected to the inlet end of a pH value regulating tank, and a stirring shaft is provided at the center of the pH value regulating tank; the discharge outlet of an ammonia water storage tank is connected to the inlet of an ammonia water metering pump, and the outlet of the ammonia water metering pump is connected to the pH value regulating tank through an ammonia water outlet pipe;

[0010] The outlet of the pH value adjustment tank is connected to the inlet of the desiliconizing agent reaction tank through an overflow port, and a stirring shaft is provided at the center of the desiliconizing agent reaction tank; the bottom outlet of the desiliconizing agent foaming tank is connected to the inlet of the desiliconizing agent metering pump, and the outlet of the desiliconizing agent metering pump is connected to the desiliconizing agent reaction tank through a desiliconizing agent outlet pipe;

[0011] The outlet end of the silicon removal agent reaction tank is connected to the inlet end of the flocculant reaction tank through an overflow port, and a stirring shaft is arranged at the center of the flocculant reaction tank; the bottom outlet of the flocculant foaming tank is connected to the inlet of the flocculant metering pump, and the outlet of the flocculant metering pump is connected to the flocculant reaction tank through a flocculant outlet pipe; the outlet end of the flocculant reaction tank is connected to the inlet end of the sedimentation and stirring tank through an overflow port, a stirring sled is arranged at the bottom of the sedimentation and stirring tank, and a sludge external discharge pipe is arranged at the bottom of the tank, the outlet end of the sedimentation and stirring tank is connected to the ammonium sulfate wastewater buffer tank, and the outlet of the ammonium sulfate wastewater buffer tank is connected to the clean ammonium sulfate wastewater pipe through a clean wastewater pump.

[0012] As an improvement of the utility model, the drainage outlet of the material wastewater tank truck is connected to the upper water inlet of the material wastewater storage tank through a material wastewater loading and unloading crane pipe.

[0013] As a further improvement of the utility model, the bottom of the ammonia storage tank is connected to an ammonia emergency discharge pipe, the middle section of the ammonia emergency discharge pipe is connected to an ammonia absorption tank, and the outlet of the ammonia emergency discharge pipe is connected to the accident pool.

[0014] As a further improvement of the utility model, a submersible external transfer pump is provided at the bottom of the accident pool, the outlet of the submersible external transfer pump is connected to an accident material external transfer pipe, and the outlet of the accident material external transfer pipe is connected to the recovery port of the material wastewater tanker through a material wastewater loading and unloading crane pipe.

[0015] As a further improvement of the utility model, the discharge outlet of the ammonia tank truck is connected to the ammonia feed pipe through an ammonia loading and unloading crane pipe, and the outlet of the ammonia feed pipe is inserted from the top of the ammonia storage tank and extends to the bottom of the tank; the top of the ammonia storage tank is connected to the top of the ammonia tank truck through an ammonia tank balance pipe and an ammonia loading and unloading crane pipe.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has achieved the following beneficial effects: 1. The utility model designs an ammonia pH value adjustment system, which utilizes an ammonia tank truck, an ammonia loading and unloading crane pipe and an ammonia storage tank to form an ammonia storage system to ensure that the pH value of the pretreatment unit is adjusted in a timely and efficient manner; at the same time, an ammonia absorption tank is provided for the ammonia storage tank to prevent leakage of ammonia water and ammonia gas on the tank top from polluting the surrounding environment or causing poisoning accidents.

[0017] 2. The utility model includes a pH adjustment tank, a silicon removal agent reaction tank, a flocculant reaction tank and a sedimentation stirring tank which are connected in sequence. The wastewater transported by the upstream tanker undergoes pH adjustment, silicon removal agent reaction, and flocculant flocculation of impurities. Finally, the mud in the wastewater is separated by a stirring sled and the mud is discharged regularly to ensure the cleanliness of the ammonium sulfate wastewater, which is convenient for further separation of qualified ammonium sulfate products.

[0018] 3. The utility model adds an accident pool system. If a leak occurs in the material pipeline or equipment in the device, the leaked sulfuric acid-containing material or ammonia water can be collected by the ditch and discharged to the closed accident pool system, and transported to the designated treatment agency in time by the material wastewater tanker to ensure the safety of the device and personnel.

[0019] 4. This system is equipped with material wastewater tankers, ammonia water storage tanks and matching loading and unloading cranes. Wastewater containing ammonium sulfate and ammonia water are transported to the corresponding storage tanks by tankers, which increases the selectivity of the site selection of the device area and reduces the investment in building long-distance transmission pipelines. Once a leak occurs, the material wastewater loading and unloading crane can immediately transport the toxic materials to a safe treatment agency in a closed manner to ensure the safety of the device area. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present utility model, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative labor. The drawings are only provided for reference and explanation, not for limiting the present utility model. Among them:

[0021] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the pre-processing unit in the utility model;

[0022] In the figure: 1. Material wastewater tanker; 2. Material wastewater loading and unloading crane; 3. Material wastewater storage tank; 4. pH value adjustment tank; 5. Desiliconization agent reaction tank; 6. Flocculant reaction tank; 7. Sedimentation and stirring tank; 8. Ammonium sulfate wastewater buffer tank; 9. Ammonia water tanker; 10. Ammonia water loading and unloading crane; 11. Ammonia water storage tank; 12. Desiliconization agent soaking tank; 13. Flocculant soaking tank; 14. Ammonia water absorption tank; 15. Accident pool;

[0023] B1. Feed pump; B2. Clean wastewater pump; B3. Ammonia metering pump; B4. Desiliconizing agent metering pump; B5. Flocculant metering pump; B6. Submerged external transfer pump;

[0024] G1. Material wastewater inlet pipe; G2. Material wastewater delivery pipe; G3. Clean ammonium sulfate wastewater pipe; G4. Ammonia tank balance pipe; G5. Ammonia feed pipe; G6. Ammonia emergency discharge pipe; G7. Ammonia outlet pipe; G8. Silicon removal agent outlet pipe; G9. Flocculant outlet pipe; G10. Sludge external discharge pipe; G11. Material emergency discharge pipe; G12. Accident material external transmission pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In the following description of the utility model, the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, and do not mean that the device must have a specific direction.

[0026] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of the present invention easier to understand, the present invention is further described below with reference to specific figures. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them.

[0027] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present invention. The terms used in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, the ammonium sulfate wastewater pretreatment system containing sulfuric acid of the utility model comprises a material wastewater loading and unloading crane pipe 2, a material wastewater storage tank 3, a pH value adjusting tank 4, a silicon removal agent reaction tank 5, a flocculant reaction tank 6, a sedimentation stirring tank 7, an ammonium sulfate wastewater buffer tank 8, an ammonia water tank truck 9, an ammonia water loading and unloading crane pipe 10, an ammonia water storage tank 11, a silicon removal agent foaming tank 12, a flocculant foaming tank 13, an ammonia water absorption tank 14 and an accident pool 15.

[0029] The outlet of the material wastewater tanker 1 is connected to the top inlet of the material wastewater storage tank 3 through the material wastewater loading and unloading crane pipe 2 and the material wastewater inlet pipe G1. The bottom outlet of the material wastewater storage tank 3 is connected to the inlet of the feed pump B1, and the outlet of the feed pump B1 is connected to the inlet end of the pH adjustment tank 4.

[0030] The discharge outlet of the ammonia water storage tank 11 is connected to the inlet of the ammonia water metering pump B3, and the outlet of the ammonia water metering pump B3 is connected to the pH value adjustment tank 4 through the ammonia water outlet pipe G7. The bottom outlet of the ammonia water tank truck 9 enters the ammonia water storage tank 11 for sealed storage through the ammonia water loading and unloading crane pipe 10 and the ammonia water feeding pipe G5. The top of the ammonia water storage tank 11 is connected to the top of the ammonia water tank truck 9 through the ammonia tank balance pipe G4 and the ammonia water loading and unloading crane pipe 10, and the pressure balance is maintained through the ammonia tank balance pipe G4 to ensure stable loading and unloading of ammonia water.

[0031] A low outlet is provided at the bottom of the ammonia storage tank 11, which is connected to the ammonia absorption tank 14 through the ammonia emergency discharge pipe G6, and the ammonia-containing wastewater is transported to the accident pool 15, and promptly transported out through the material wastewater loading and unloading crane pipe 2 to avoid leakage of ammonia during wastewater pH adjustment and minimize the danger in the separation process.

[0032] The outlet of the material wastewater storage tank 3 is fed into the pH value adjusting tank 4 through the feed pump B1 and the material wastewater delivery pipe G2, and the qualified ammonia water is delivered to the pH value adjusting tank 4 through the ammonia water metering pump B3 and the ammonia water outlet pipe G7. A stirring shaft is provided in the center of the pH value adjusting tank 4. The ammonia water and the sulfuric acid contained in the ammonium sulfate wastewater are stirred to neutralize the acid and alkali to adjust the pH value of the wastewater.

[0033] The outlet of the pH value adjustment tank 4 is connected to the inlet of the desiliconizing agent reaction tank 5 through an overflow port, the bottom outlet of the desiliconizing agent foaming tank 12 is connected to the inlet of the desiliconizing agent metering pump B4, and the outlet of the desiliconizing agent metering pump B4 is connected to the desiliconizing agent reaction tank 5 through the desiliconizing agent outlet pipe G8;

[0034] After the pH value of ammonium sulfate wastewater is adjusted by ammonia water, it overflows into the desiliconizer reaction tank 5. The desiliconizer solution in the desiliconizer foaming tank 12 enters the desiliconizer reaction tank 5 through the desiliconizer metering pump B4 and the desiliconizer outlet pipe G8. The desiliconizer metering pump B4 ensures that the desiliconizer is quantitatively added to the desiliconizer in proportion to the amount of water. A stirring shaft is provided in the center of the desiliconizer reaction tank 5. The desiliconizer is evenly dispersed in the ammonium sulfate wastewater through stirring to remove silicon compounds in the wastewater solution, prevent molecular silicon dioxide from dissolving into the secondary steam of the subsequent evaporation unit, and deposit in the steam compressor blades to affect the normal operation of the unit.

[0035] The outlet end of the desiliconizing agent reaction tank 5 is connected to the inlet end of the flocculant reaction tank 6 through an overflow port, the bottom outlet of the flocculant foaming tank 13 is connected to the inlet of the flocculant metering pump B5, and the outlet of the flocculant metering pump B5 is connected to the flocculant reaction tank 6 through the flocculant outlet pipe G9; the outlet end of the flocculant reaction tank 6 is connected to the inlet end of the sedimentation and stirring tank 7 through the overflow port, a stirring sled is provided at the bottom of the sedimentation and stirring tank 7, and a sludge external discharge pipe is provided at the bottom of the tank, the outlet end of the sedimentation and stirring tank 7 is connected to the ammonium sulfate wastewater buffer tank 8, and the outlet of the ammonium sulfate wastewater buffer tank 8 is connected to the clean ammonium sulfate wastewater pipe G3 through the clean wastewater pump B2.

[0036] After the desiliconizing agent reaction, the ammonium sulfate wastewater overflows into the flocculant reaction tank 6, and the flocculant solution in the flocculant medicine tank 13 enters the flocculant reaction tank 6 through the flocculant metering pump B5 and the flocculant outlet pipe G9. The flocculant metering pump B5 controls the addition ratio of flocculant to water. A stirring shaft is provided in the center of the flocculant reaction tank 6. After stirring, the flocculant is evenly dispersed in the ammonium sulfate wastewater, so that the colloidal particles and suspended particles in the ammonium sulfate wastewater are destabilized and form fine coagulants. The collision opportunities and times of the colloidal impurity particles in the water and the micelles hydrolyzed by the flocculant are promoted by stirring. The fine coagulants generate large-volume floccules under the bridge of the flocculant, which accelerates the sedimentation speed and facilitates sedimentation separation.

[0037] The outlet of the ammonium sulfate wastewater buffer tank 8 is connected to the clean ammonium sulfate wastewater pipe G3 through the clean wastewater pump B2. The flocculated material wastewater overflows into the sedimentation and stirring tank 7, and is stirred by an electric sled to achieve solid-liquid separation. The floccules in the ammonium sulfate wastewater are adsorbed and precipitated, and the uncoagulated sludge is precipitated at the bottom of the stirring tank and then discharged through the sludge discharge pipe G10. The top cleaned ammonium sulfate wastewater overflows into the ammonium sulfate wastewater buffer tank 8 for buffering, and is then sent to the evaporation concentration separation unit by the clean wastewater pump B2 through the clean ammonium sulfate wastewater pipe G3 for further separation and treatment.

[0038] The incoming material is transported by the material wastewater tanker 1, unloaded by the material wastewater loading and unloading crane 2 and stored in the material wastewater storage tank 3. The material wastewater is sequentially subjected to pH adjustment, silicon removal agent injection and flocculant injection, and finally solid-liquid separation is achieved through sedimentation and stirring.

[0039] An emergency material discharge pipe G11 and a trench are provided in the processing area. The outlet of the emergency material discharge pipe G11 is connected to the accident pool 15. The trench is closed and discharged to the accident pool 15 to avoid leakage of hazardous sulfuric acid in the wastewater, to ensure that once leakage occurs in the system, toxic materials will not flow out, to ensure that the environment around the device area is not polluted and to ensure the personal safety of operators.

[0040] A submerged external transfer pump B6 is provided in the accident pool 15, and the outlet of the submerged external transfer pump B6 is connected to the accident material external transfer pipe G12. The outlet of the accident material external transfer pipe G12 is connected to the material wastewater tanker 1 through the material wastewater loading and unloading crane pipe 2. The ammonium sulfate waste liquid or ammonia waste liquid containing sulfuric acid in the accident pool 15 can be transported to the material wastewater loading and unloading crane pipe 2 through the submerged external transfer pump B6, and transported through the material tanker 1 for professional harmless treatment.

[0041] The above description is only the preferred feasible embodiment of the utility model, which shows and describes the basic principle, main features and advantages of the utility model, but does not limit the scope of patent protection of the utility model. The technicians in this industry should understand that the utility model is not limited by the above embodiments. In addition to the above embodiments, the utility model can also have other implementation modes without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model. The utility model will also have various changes and improvements. All technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation fall within the scope of protection required by the utility model. The scope of protection required by the utility model is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents. The technical features not described in the utility model can be achieved by or using existing technologies, which will not be repeated here.

Claims

1. A pretreatment system for ammonium sulfate wastewater containing sulfuric acid, comprising a material wastewater storage tank (3), characterized in that: The bottom outlet of the material wastewater storage tank (3) is connected to the inlet of the feed pump (B1), the outlet of the feed pump (B1) is connected to the inlet end of the pH value adjustment tank (4), and a stirring shaft is provided at the center of the pH value adjustment tank (4); the discharge outlet of the ammonia water storage tank (11) is connected to the inlet of the ammonia water metering pump (B3), and the outlet of the ammonia water metering pump (B3) is connected to the pH value adjustment tank (4) through the ammonia water outlet pipe (G7); The outlet end of the pH value adjustment tank (4) is connected to the inlet end of the desiliconizing agent reaction tank (5) through an overflow port, and a stirring shaft is provided at the center of the desiliconizing agent reaction tank (5); the bottom outlet of the desiliconizing agent foaming tank (12) is connected to the inlet of the desiliconizing agent metering pump (B4), and the outlet of the desiliconizing agent metering pump (B4) is connected to the desiliconizing agent reaction tank (5) through a desiliconizing agent outlet pipe (G8); The outlet end of the desiliconizing agent reaction tank (5) is connected to the inlet end of the flocculant reaction tank (6) through an overflow port, and a stirring shaft is provided at the center of the flocculant reaction tank (6); the bottom outlet of the flocculant soaking tank (13) is connected to the inlet of the flocculant metering pump (B5), and the outlet of the flocculant metering pump (B5) is connected to the flocculant reaction tank (6) through a flocculant outlet pipe (G9); the outlet end of the flocculant reaction tank (6) is connected to the inlet end of the sedimentation stirring tank (7) through an overflow port, a stirring sled is provided at the bottom of the sedimentation stirring tank (7), and a sludge external discharge pipe is provided at the bottom of the tank, the outlet end of the sedimentation stirring tank (7) is connected to the ammonium sulfate wastewater buffer tank (8), and the outlet of the ammonium sulfate wastewater buffer tank (8) is connected to the clean ammonium sulfate wastewater pipe (G3) through a clean wastewater pump (B2).

2. The ammonium sulfate wastewater pretreatment system containing sulfuric acid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drainage outlet of the material wastewater tanker (1) is connected to the upper water inlet of the material wastewater storage tank (3) through the material wastewater loading and unloading crane pipe (2).

3. The ammonium sulfate wastewater pretreatment system containing sulfuric acid according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom of the ammonia water storage tank (11) is connected to an ammonia water emergency discharge pipe (G6), the middle section of the ammonia water emergency discharge pipe (G6) is connected to an ammonia water absorption tank (14), and the outlet of the ammonia water emergency discharge pipe (G6) is connected to an accident pool (15).

4. The ammonium sulfate wastewater pretreatment system containing sulfuric acid according to claim 3, characterized in that: A submerged external transfer pump (B6) is provided at the bottom of the accident pool (15), the outlet of the submerged external transfer pump (B6) is connected to an accident material external transfer pipe (G12), and the outlet of the accident material external transfer pipe (G12) is connected to the recovery port of the material wastewater tanker (1) through a material wastewater loading and unloading crane pipe (2).

5. The pretreatment system for ammonium sulfate wastewater containing sulfuric acid according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The discharge outlet of the ammonia water tank truck (9) is connected to the ammonia water feeding pipe (G5) through the ammonia water loading and unloading crane pipe (10), and the outlet of the ammonia water feeding pipe (G5) is inserted from the top of the ammonia water storage tank (11) and extends to the tank bottom; the top of the ammonia water storage tank (11) is connected to the top of the ammonia water tank truck (9) through the ammonia tank balance pipe (G4) and the ammonia water loading and unloading crane pipe (10).

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