Shell assembly, battery, battery pack and new energy vehicle

Abstract

The utility model discloses a shell assembly, a battery, a battery pack and a new energy vehicle, and the shell assembly comprises a shell which is provided with a containing cavity, a groove is formed in the bottom wall of the shell, the containing cavity is used for containing a battery cell, a pressure relief gap is formed between the battery cell and the inner wall of the shell, and the pressure relief gap is communicated with the groove; and the anti-explosion valve is arranged on the bottom surface of the groove. Through the mode, a good pressure relief channel can be formed in the battery, so that the channel leading to the bottom of the shell is smooth, the anti-explosion valve can be opened in time when necessary, and the risk that the welding position of the cover plate is cracked or exploded is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a housing assembly, a battery, a battery pack and a new energy vehicle. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy technology, batteries have been widely used in various new energy vehicles. However, there is still a risk of battery loss of control during use. Once the battery loses control, the flame generated can easily invade the passenger compartment.

[0003] In order to isolate the high voltage from the battery cell ejecta, reduce the system thermal runaway protection cost, and prevent flames from invading the passenger compartment upward, more and more batteries are designed with explosion-proof valves at the bottom of the aluminum shell. However, due to gravity, the gap between the core package and the bottom of the aluminum shell is very small, and the gas channel at the bottom of the aluminum shell is not smooth, which can easily lead to the gas being unable to break through the explosion-proof valve, but directly causing the cover plate welding to crack or explode. Utility Model Content

[0004] To solve the above problems, the present application provides a shell assembly, a battery and a battery pack, which can form a good pressure relief channel inside the battery, so that the channel leading to the bottom of the shell is smooth, so that the explosion-proof valve can be opened in time when necessary, reducing the risk of cracking or explosion at the cover plate welding point.

[0005] A technical solution adopted in the present application is: to provide a shell assembly, which includes: a shell, having a receiving cavity, a bottom wall of the shell is formed with a groove, the receiving cavity is used to receive the battery cell, and the battery cell and the inner wall of the shell have a pressure relief gap, and the pressure relief gap is connected to the groove; an explosion-proof valve is arranged on the bottom surface of the groove.

[0006] In one embodiment, the ratio of the length of the groove to the length of the shell along the first direction is less than or equal to two-thirds, and the length of the groove is greater than the length of the explosion-proof valve along the first direction.

[0007] In one embodiment, the width of the groove along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction is greater than the width of the explosion-proof valve along the second direction, and the width of the groove is less than or equal to the width of the shell along the second direction.

[0008] In one embodiment, the width of the groove is equal to the width of the housing.

[0009] In one embodiment, the height of the groove is greater than 2 mm and less than or equal to 5 mm.

[0010] In one embodiment, the valve opening of the explosion-proof valve facing outside the shell is in the shape of a bell mouth.

[0011] In one embodiment, the draft angle of the valve port of the explosion-proof valve toward the outside of the housing is an acute angle.

[0012] Another technical solution adopted in the present application is to provide a battery, the battery comprising a battery cell and a shell assembly as described above, the battery cell being arranged in the shell assembly.

[0013] Another technical solution adopted in the present application is: to provide a battery pack, which includes two fixed beams spaced apart along a first direction and at least two batteries as described above connected between the two fixed beams and arranged side by side, wherein the length of the groove along the first direction is smaller than the spacing between the two fixed beams.

[0014] Another technical solution adopted by the present application is: to provide a new energy vehicle, wherein the new energy vehicle comprises the battery pack as described above.

[0015] The shell assembly provided in the present application includes: a shell having a receiving cavity, a bottom wall of the shell having a groove formed thereon, the receiving cavity being used to receive a battery cell, and when the battery cell is arranged in the receiving cavity, a pressure relief gap surrounding the battery cell is formed with the inner wall surface of the shell, and the pressure relief gap is connected to the groove; an explosion-proof valve connected to the bottom surface of the groove.

[0016] Through the above method, by arranging a groove on the bottom wall of the shell, and connecting the explosion-proof valve to the bottom surface of the groove, a good pressure relief channel can be formed in the battery, so that the pressure generated by the battery cell when it is out of control can act quickly on the groove, and then the explosion-proof valve can be opened in time when necessary, thereby avoiding the situation that the gas cannot open the explosion-proof valve due to poor air pressure conduction in the battery, and directly causes the welding part of the cover plate to crack or explode, and the battery cell spray released by the opening valve is sprayed to the ground, preventing the flame from invading the passenger compartment in the first time, thereby increasing more escape time for the driver and passengers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of an embodiment of a battery pack provided by the present application;

[0019] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view of the battery pack shown;

[0020] Figure 3 yes Figure 1A schematic diagram of the front view of the battery in the battery pack shown;

[0021] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the axial structure of the battery shown;

[0022] Figure 5 yes Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the battery shown in FIG.

[0023] Figure 6 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the C area in the middle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0025] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the said features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0026] “A and / or B” includes the following three combinations: A only, B only, and a combination of A and B.

[0027] The use of "suitable for" or "configured to" in this application is meant to be open and inclusive language, which does not exclude devices that are suitable for or configured to perform additional tasks or steps. In addition, the use of "based on" is meant to be open and inclusive, because the process, step, calculation or other action "based on" one or more stated conditions or values ​​can be based on additional conditions or values ​​beyond the stated values ​​in practice.

[0028] In this application, the word "exemplary" is used to mean "used as an example, illustration, or description." Any embodiment described in this application as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as being preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. The following description is given to enable any technician in the field to implement and use the present application. In the following description, details are listed for the purpose of explanation. It should be understood that a person of ordinary skill in the art can recognize that the present application can be implemented without using these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and processes will not be elaborated in detail to avoid obscuring the description of the present application with unnecessary details. Therefore, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is consistent with the widest scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed in the present application.

[0029] The present application provides a battery pack 200, see Figures 1 to 4 , Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of an embodiment of a battery pack provided by the present application, Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The front view of the battery in the battery pack is shown. Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The front view of the battery in the battery pack is shown. Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the axial structure of the battery shown.

[0030] The battery pack 200 includes two fixing beams 210 spaced apart along a first direction A and at least two batteries 100 as described above connected between the two fixing beams 210 and arranged side by side, wherein the battery 100 includes a battery cell 10 and a shell assembly 20 , and the battery cell 10 is arranged in the shell assembly 20 .

[0031] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the shell assembly 20 includes a shell 22 and an explosion-proof valve 24, wherein the shell 22 has a receiving cavity 221, and the bottom wall 222 of the shell 22 is formed with a groove 223, the receiving cavity 221 is used to receive the battery cell 10, and when the battery cell 10 is arranged in the receiving cavity 221, there is a pressure relief gap 225 with the inner wall of the shell 22, and the pressure relief gap 225 is connected to the groove 223; the explosion-proof valve 24 is arranged on the bottom surface of the groove 223.

[0032] The shell 22 includes a cover plate 220 and a bottom wall 222 that are arranged opposite to each other. The cover plate 220 is provided with two spaced poles, and the pole ears of the battery cell 10 are welded to the poles. The cover plate 220 is relatively the top of the shell 22, and the bottom wall 222 is relatively the bottom of the shell 22.

[0033] When the battery 100 is installed on a mobile tool such as a new energy vehicle, the bottom wall 222 is relatively facing the ground, so that the explosion-proof valve 24 can spray toward the ground after opening the valve, preventing the flame generated by the battery cell 10 from getting out of control from invading the passenger compartment at the first time, thereby increasing more escape time for the driver and passengers.

[0034] Specifically, Figure 2 As shown, the battery cell 10 is arranged in the accommodating cavity 221, and a pressure relief gap 225 surrounding the battery cell 10 is formed between the inner wall surface of the shell 22, and the pressure relief gap 225 is connected to the groove 223, and the accommodating cavity 221 of the shell 22 is a sealed cavity. Therefore, when there is an out-of-control point at any position of the battery cell 10, the pressure can be directed to the groove 223 through the pressure relief gap 225 and fully act on the explosion-proof valve 24, thereby improving the effectiveness of opening the explosion-proof valve 24 at the bottom of the shell 22.

[0035] Optionally, the inner wall surface of the shell 22 may be provided with a plurality of supporting ribs, protrusions, grooves or protrusions, or the surface of the battery cell 10 may be formed with supporting ribs, protrusions, grooves or protrusions, so that when the battery 10 is arranged in the shell 22, it can form a pressure relief gap 225 surrounding the battery cell 10 with the inner wall surface of the shell 22, and the pressure relief gap 225 includes a portion formed between the bottom wall 222 and the battery cell 10.

[0036] Optionally, the outer dimensions of the battery cell 10 are smaller than the inner dimensions of the housing 22 to form a pressure relief gap 225 .

[0037] By providing a groove 223 on the bottom wall 222 of the shell 22, and connecting the explosion-proof valve 24 to the bottom surface of the groove 223, a good pressure relief channel can be formed in the battery 100, so that the pressure generated by the battery cell 10 when out of control can act quickly on the groove 223, and the explosion-proof valve 24 can be opened in time when necessary, thereby avoiding the situation where the gas cannot open the explosion-proof valve 24 due to poor air pressure conduction in the battery 100, which directly causes the welding part of the cover plate 220 to crack or explode, and the battery cell ejected by the valve opening is sprayed to the ground, preventing the flame from invading the passenger compartment in the first time, thereby increasing more escape time for the driver and passengers.

[0038] The shell 22 can be a rectangular shell or a circular shell. The shape of the shell 22 is adapted to the shape of the battery cell 10. For example, if the battery cell 10 is a rectangular battery cell, the shell 22 is a rectangular shell. The shell 22 can be made of aluminum or steel, and this application does not impose any specific restrictions on this.

[0039] In this embodiment, the battery cell 10 is a rectangular battery cell, and the shell 22 is an aluminum rectangular shell, so that the shell 22 can wrap the battery cell 10 well and is conducive to the light weight of the battery 100, thereby reducing the weight of carrying vehicles such as new energy vehicles and increasing the vehicle's cruising range.

[0040] In some embodiments, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a plurality of batteries 100 can be arranged side by side and installed between two fixing beams 210 to form a battery pack 200. In other words, the housing assembly 20 is also installed between two fixing beams 210 spaced apart along the first direction A, the length a1 of the groove 223 along the first direction A is less than the spacing a2 between the two fixing beams 210, and the length of the groove 223 is greater than the length a3 of the explosion-proof valve 24 along the first direction A.

[0041] In this embodiment, the first direction A is the length direction of the shell 22, and the length a1, spacing a2 and length a3 are all lengths along the first direction A, wherein the length a1 of the groove 223 refers to the length of the groove 223 structure on the outer surface of the shell 22 along the first direction A.

[0042] The groove 223 is relatively centrally arranged, and the length a1 of the groove 223 is smaller than the spacing a2 between the two fixed beams 210, which can avoid the structure of the groove 223 from interfering with the two fixed beams 210, and can increase the size of the groove 223 as much as possible, so that the groove 223 can more reliably withstand the pressure relief and can effectively and timely open the explosion-proof valve 24.

[0043] The length a1 of the groove 223 is greater than the length a3 of the explosion-proof valve 24 , so that the explosion-proof valve 24 can be well installed, and the increased air pressure in the groove 223 can also effectively open the explosion-proof valve 24 .

[0044] Furthermore, the ratio of the length of the groove 223 to the length of the shell 22 along the first direction A is less than or equal to two-thirds, so that the groove 223 can avoid interference with the fixed beam 210 and increase the size of the groove 223 as much as possible, so that the groove 223 can more reliably withstand pressure relief and can effectively and timely open the explosion-proof valve 24.

[0045] See also Figure 5 , Figure 5 yes Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the bottom view of the battery shown.

[0046] Furthermore, a width b1 of the groove 223 along a second direction B perpendicular to the first direction A is greater than a width b2 of the explosion-proof valve 24 along the second direction B, and the width b1 of the groove 223 is less than or equal to a width b3 of the housing 22 along the second direction B.

[0047] In this embodiment, the second direction B is the width direction of the housing 22, and the width b1 of the groove 223 refers to the width of the groove 223 structure on the outer surface of the housing 22 along the second direction B. The width b1 of the groove 223 is greater than the width b2 of the explosion-proof valve 24, so that the explosion-proof valve 24 can be well installed, and the increased air pressure in the groove 223 can also effectively open the explosion-proof valve 24. The width b1 of the groove 223 is less than or equal to the width b3 of the housing 22 along the second direction B, which can help to set the width b1 of the groove 223 as large as possible, thereby making the groove 223 more reliably withstand the pressure relief and can effectively and timely open the explosion-proof valve 24.

[0048] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the width b1 of the groove 223 is equal to the width b3 of the shell 22, which can greatly increase the volume of the groove 223, so that the groove 223 can more reliably withstand pressure relief, and also help to simplify the manufacturing process of the shell 22, making the shell 22 more concise.

[0049] Continue reading Figure 2 The fixed beam 210 is a channel steel structure, and the height h1 of the groove 223 is greater than 0 and less than or equal to the wall thickness h2 of the fixed beam 210, so that the groove 223 avoids protruding relatively outside the fixed beam 210 and interfering with other supports. The height h1 of the groove 223 is the height between the outer surface of the groove 223 on the bottom wall 222 and the outer surface of the non-groove part, and the wall thickness h2 of the fixed beam 210 is the wall thickness of the bottom wall 222 supporting the battery 100.

[0050] The fixed beam 210 includes two support walls 211 arranged at intervals and a side wall 212 connecting the two support walls 211. The two support walls 211 and the side wall 212 form a bayonet, and the two pairs of ends of the battery 100 are respectively arranged in the bayonet, and the bottom wall 222 of the shell 22 is supported on the support wall 211. The wall thickness of the support wall 211 is the wall thickness h2, and the distance a2 between the two fixed beams 210 is the distance between the support walls 211 of the two fixed beams 210.

[0051] Furthermore, the height h1 of the groove 223 is greater than or equal to 2 mm and less than or equal to 5 mm, so that the groove 223 has enough space to sense the change of the pressure in the cavity, so that the explosion-proof valve 24 can open the valve in time, and the interference with other components outside the fixed beam 210 can be reduced.

[0052] Combined with reference Figure 2 and Figure 6 ,in Figure 6 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the C area in the middle.

[0053] In this embodiment, the valve opening of the explosion-proof valve 24 facing the outside of the shell 22 is in the shape of a bell mouth, that is, the inner opening of the valve opening of the explosion-proof valve 24 is small and the outer opening is large, which is conducive to the outward dispersion of airflow, flame or battery cell spray when the valve is opened, and will not block the valve opening of the explosion-proof valve 24.

[0054] Specifically, the valve port of the explosion-proof valve 24 is formed by a drafting process, wherein the outward draft angle c of the valve port of the explosion-proof valve 24 is an acute angle, that is, the draft angle c is greater than zero degrees and less than ninety degrees, thereby forming an outwardly expanding draft slope, which is conducive to the outward dispersion of airflow when the valve is opened, and avoids blocking the valve port of the explosion-proof valve 24.

[0055] Furthermore, the draft angle c can be specifically 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees or 75 degrees.

[0056] In other embodiments, the surface formed by drafting at the valve port may also be a curved surface expanding outward.

[0057] In some embodiments, the valve opening of the explosion-proof valve 24 may also be a straight-tube opening or the like.

[0058] Based on this, Figure 1 As shown, the present application also provides a battery pack 200, which includes two fixed beams 210 and at least two batteries 100 as described above connected between the two fixed beams 210 and arranged side by side. The number of batteries 100 can be 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, and the multiple batteries 100 are arranged side by side along the width direction and are all installed between the two fixed beams 210.

[0059] The battery pack 200 is applied to vehicles such as new energy vehicles, and the multiple batteries 100 included therein can be charged and discharged in coordination, and the explosion-proof valves 24 of the multiple batteries 100 are all located in the groove 223 of the bottom wall 222 of the shell 22, so that any explosion-proof valve 24 can spray toward the ground when opened, avoiding intrusion into the passenger compartment at the first time when the valve is opened, thereby increasing more escape time for the driver and passengers.

[0060] Based on this, the present application also provides a new energy vehicle (not shown), which is equipped with a battery pack 200 as described above, and the battery pack 200 supplies power to the new energy vehicle to provide power, wherein the new energy vehicle can be an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or an extended-range vehicle.

[0061] The display screen provided in the embodiment of the present application is introduced in detail above. Specific examples are used in this article to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present application and its core idea. At the same time, for technical personnel in this field, according to the idea of ​​the present application, there will be changes in the specific implementation method and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

Claims

1. A housing assembly, characterized in that: The housing assembly comprises: A shell having a receiving cavity, a bottom wall of the shell having a groove formed thereon, the receiving cavity being used to receive the battery cell, and a pressure relief gap being provided between the battery cell and the inner wall of the shell, the pressure relief gap being connected to the groove; The explosion-proof valve is arranged on the bottom surface of the groove.

2. The housing assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of the length of the groove to the length of the shell along the first direction is less than or equal to two-thirds, and the length of the groove is greater than the length of the explosion-proof valve along the first direction.

3. The housing assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that: The width of the groove along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction is greater than the width of the explosion-proof valve along the second direction, and the width of the groove is less than or equal to the width of the shell along the second direction.

4. The housing assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that: The width of the groove is equal to the width of the housing.

5. The housing assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that: The height of the groove is greater than or equal to 2 mm and less than or equal to 5 mm.

6. The housing assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The valve opening of the explosion-proof valve facing outside the shell is in the form of a bell mouth.

7. The housing assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that: The draft angle of the valve port of the explosion-proof valve toward the outside of the shell is an acute angle.

8. A battery, characterized in that: The battery comprises a battery cell and a shell assembly as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the battery cell is arranged in the shell assembly.

9. A battery pack, characterized in that: The battery pack includes two fixing beams spaced apart along a first direction and at least two batteries as claimed in claim 8 connected between the two fixing beams and arranged side by side, and the length of the groove along the first direction is smaller than the spacing between the two fixing beams.

10. A new energy vehicle, characterized in that: The new energy vehicle comprises the battery pack as claimed in claim 9.

Images