Impact type self-adaptive main shaft sealing structure
By designing an impact adaptive spindle sealing structure that can automatically adapt to changes in operating conditions, the problem of the impact turbine in the prior art reduced efficiency when the tail water level rises and the sealing structure cannot be adapted, achieving more efficient sealing and lower operation and maintenance costs.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202420685178.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-04-03
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-04
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-04-03
AI Technical Summary
When the tail water level of the existing impact turbine is increased, it is difficult to adapt to the operation characteristics, resulting in a reduction in unit efficiency. The existing spindle sealing solution cannot effectively adapt to the operation characteristics of the impact unit. It requires additional clean water sources and electrical control equipment, and requires professional maintenance.
An impact adaptive spindle seal structure is designed, including a pressure ring, a seal ring support seat and a seal ring. The seal ring can automatically rise and contact the pressure ring to form a seal under the inflatable water condition, and automatically drop down and separate from the pressure ring under the air replenishment operation condition, so that the external atmosphere can replenish part of the air lost in the upper part of the rotor.
It realizes automatic adaptation to the sealing structure under different working conditions, avoids the problems of high-pressure gas leakage and untimely air replenishment, reduces the dependence on professionals and additional equipment, and improves the adaptability and operation efficiency of the unit.
Smart Images
Figure CN222559185U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of impulse type water turbine sets, and particularly relates to an impulse type self-adaptive main shaft sealing structure. Background Art
[0002] Conventional impulse turbines do not have a main shaft seal. When the unit is running, the air in the runner chamber will be carried away by the high-speed water flow and enter the tailwater channel, forming a negative pressure area in the runner chamber. The outside atmospheric pressure can easily enter the upper part of the runner from the shaft end to replenish the air consumed in the runner chamber.
[0003] In some special power stations, the tailwater level will increase significantly during the rainy season and even submerge the runner. The impulse turbine uses the high-speed kinetic energy of the water flow to drive the unit to rotate. The resistance between the high-speed jet and the runner must be reduced, which requires the tailwater level to be lower than the runner by a certain distance to ensure the high-efficiency operation of the runner. Therefore, in these power stations, when the tailwater level rises and affects the efficiency of the unit, compressed air must be introduced into the runner chamber to ensure the distance between the tailwater level and the center of the runner. At this time, a main shaft seal needs to be set to prevent compressed air leakage.
[0004] The existing main shaft sealing solution is based on the conventional impact sealing solution. It only has the sealing function requirement during operation, but no air supply requirement, and cannot adapt well to the operating characteristics of the impact unit. It also needs to provide additional clean water sources and additional electrical control equipment. There are many control parameters that need to be adjusted manually, and professional personnel are required for inspection and maintenance. Utility Model Content
[0005] In order to solve the above problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the utility model is to provide an impact-type adaptive main shaft sealing structure that automatically adapts to the working conditions of inflation and water pressure and the working conditions of air replenishment.
[0006] The technical solution adopted by the utility model is:
[0007] An impact-type adaptive main shaft sealing structure comprises a pressure ring connected to a supporting flange of a waterproof shield, a sealing ring supporting seat connected to a main shaft flange of the main shaft, a sealing ring is arranged in the sealing ring supporting seat, a plurality of vents are arranged at the lower part of the sealing ring supporting seat, and the upper surface of the sealing ring cooperates with the lower surface of the pressure ring; a through hole is arranged in the pressure ring, a sealing water pipeline connected to the through hole is connected to the pressure ring, and the other end of the sealing water pipeline is connected to a tailwater channel.
[0008] When the main shaft rotates, the sealing ring support seat and the sealing ring rotate with the main shaft. During the air-filled and water-pressurized working condition, the high-pressure gas in the runner chamber enters the lower part of the sealing ring support seat from the vent hole, pushing the sealing ring up and contacting with the pressure ring to form a sealed contact pair to prevent high-pressure gas leakage. In addition, at this time, the tail water level is higher than the sealing position, and the water flows into the sealing water pipeline. The water flows through the through hole of the pressure ring and enters between the pressure ring and the sealing ring to provide lubrication.
[0009] During the air replenishment operation, the sealing ring drops and separates from the pressure ring under the action of external atmospheric pressure and the deadweight of the sealing ring, and an air channel is formed between the sealing ring and the pressure ring. The external atmosphere enters the runner chamber through the channel between the two to replenish some of the air lost in the upper part of the runner. At this time, the tail water level is lower than the sealing position, and no water will flow into the sealing water pipeline and into the area between the pressure ring and the sealing ring, and no water curtain will be formed to block the air channel.
[0010] Therefore, the sealing ring of the utility model can automatically rise and contact the pressure ring under the working condition of air-filling and water-pressurizing to form a seal, and automatically descend and separate from the pressure ring under the working condition of air-supplementing, so that the external atmosphere can replenish part of the air lost in the upper part of the runner. The utility model can adaptively switch working conditions, and does not need to provide sealing opening and closing control instructions to adaptively switch working conditions, and does not need professional operators to judge the working conditions to manually switch working conditions and adjust parameters.
[0011] As a preferred solution of the utility model, a throttling ring is arranged in the through hole of the pressure ring, and a throttling hole is arranged in the middle of the throttling ring. The throttling hole can adjust the amount of lubricating water entering the sealing surface.
[0012] As a preferred solution of the utility model, the upper surface of the sealing ring and the lower surface of the pressure ring are both inclined relative to the horizontal plane. The sealing ring and the pressure ring are in contact through the inclined surface, which can improve the sealing effect.
[0013] As a preferred solution of the utility model, a spring for supporting the sealing ring is connected between the sealing ring and the bottom of the sealing ring support seat. The spring bears part of the weight of the sealing ring, so that during the inflation and water pressure operation, the high-pressure gas can smoothly enter the lower part of the sealing ring. The spring can reduce the operating force and increase the pressure adaptation range. A spring with a smaller stiffness is used, so that during the air replenishment operation, the external atmospheric pressure can push the sealing ring away from the pressure ring to form an air channel.
[0014] As a preferred solution of the utility model, a hydrocyclone is connected to the sealing water pipeline. The sandy muddy water taken from the tailwater enters the hydrocyclone, and the pressure of the water flow itself drives the blades inside the hydrocyclone to rotate, and the sand and other impurities are separated under the action of centrifugal force. Clean water enters the sealing surface formed by the pressure ring and the sealing ring for lubrication to prevent the pressure ring and the sealing ring from being worn by the sand and other impurities.
[0015] As a preferred solution of the utility model, valves are connected to the sealing water pipelines on both sides of the hydrocyclone. When necessary, the sealing water pipelines can be controlled to be on and off by the valves.
[0016] As a preferred solution of the utility model, a sealing ring is connected between the sealing ring and the inner wall of the sealing ring support seat. The sealing ring and the sealing ring support seat are well sealed by the sealing ring to prevent water from flowing into the runner chamber through the gap between the sealing ring and the sealing ring support seat.
[0017] As a preferred solution of the utility model, the sealing ring includes a sealing base, on which is connected an elastic-plastic sealing ring body, the upper surface of which matches the lower surface of the pressure ring. When inflating and pressurizing water, the elastic-plastic sealing ring body can reliably contact the pressure ring to ensure the sealing effect.
[0018] As a preferred solution of the utility model, a connecting flange is provided on the pressure ring, and the connecting flange is connected to the supporting flange on the waterproof shield. The connecting flange and the supporting flange are reliably connected to ensure the stability of the pressure ring.
[0019] As a preferred solution of the utility model, a lubricating water tank is provided on one side of the sealing ring close to the pressure ring, and the lubricating water tank is connected to the through hole of the pressure ring. When the air is inflated and the water is pressed, a certain amount of water can be temporarily stored in the lubricating water tank to ensure good lubrication between the pressure ring and the sealing ring.
[0020] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:
[0021] The sealing ring of the utility model can automatically rise and contact the pressure ring under the working condition of air-filling and water-pressurizing to form a seal, and automatically descend and separate from the pressure ring under the working condition of air-supplementing, so that the external atmosphere can replenish part of the air lost in the upper part of the runner. The utility model can adaptively switch working conditions, and does not need to provide sealing opening and closing control instructions to adaptively switch working conditions, and does not need professional operators to judge the working conditions to manually switch working conditions and adjust parameters. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0022] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the utility model in the case of air-inflating and water-pressurizing working condition;
[0023] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Partial structure diagram in ;
[0024] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the utility model in the air supply operation condition;
[0025] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Partial structure diagram in ;
[0026] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the runner chamber.
[0027] In the figure: 1-waterproof shield; 2-main shaft; 3-pressure ring; 4-sealing ring support seat; 5-sealing ring; 6-sealing water pipeline; 7-spring; 8-hydrocyclone; 11-support flange; 21-main shaft flange; 31-through hole; 32-throttling ring; 33-connecting flange; 41-vent; 51-sealing base; 52-elastoplastic sealing ring body; 53-lubricating water tank; 61-valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0028] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the utility model clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the utility model will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the utility model described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.
[0029] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.
[0030] like Figure 1 to Figure 5 As shown, the impact-type adaptive main shaft sealing structure of this embodiment includes a pressure ring 3 connected to the support flange 11 of the waterproof shield 1, a sealing ring support seat 4 connected to the main shaft flange 21 of the main shaft 2, a sealing ring 5 is arranged in the sealing ring support seat 4, a plurality of vents 41 are arranged at the lower part of the sealing ring support seat 4, and the upper surface of the sealing ring 5 cooperates with the lower surface of the pressure ring 3; a through hole 31 is arranged in the pressure ring 3, and a sealing water pipeline 6 connected to the through hole 31 is connected to the pressure ring 3, and the other end of the sealing water pipeline 6 is connected to the tailwater channel. Since the sealing ring support seat 4 is fixedly connected to the main shaft flange 21, when the main shaft 2 rotates, the sealing ring support seat 4 and the sealing ring 5 rotate with the main shaft 2.
[0031] A throttle ring 32 is arranged in the through hole 31 of the pressure ring 3, and a throttle hole is arranged in the middle of the throttle ring 32. The throttle hole can adjust the amount of lubricating water entering the sealing surface. A connecting flange 33 is arranged on the pressure ring 3, and the connecting flange 33 is connected to the supporting flange 11 on the waterproof shield 1. The connecting flange 33 is reliably connected to the supporting flange 11 to ensure the stability of the pressure ring 3.
[0032] The sealing water pipeline 6 is connected to a hydrocyclone 8. The sandy muddy water taken from the tailwater enters the hydrocyclone 8, and the pressure of the water flow itself is used to drive the blades inside the hydrocyclone 8 to rotate, and the sand and other impurities are separated under the action of centrifugal force. Clean water enters the sealing surface formed by the pressure ring 3 and the sealing ring 5 for lubrication to prevent the sand and other impurities from wearing the pressure ring 3 and the sealing ring 5. The sealing water pipelines 6 on both sides of the hydrocyclone 8 are connected to valves 61. If necessary, the valve 61 can be used to control the opening and closing of the sealing water pipeline 6.
[0033] A spring 7 for supporting the sealing ring 5 is connected between the sealing ring 5 and the bottom of the sealing ring support seat 4. The spring 7 bears the weight of the sealing ring 5, so that the high-pressure gas can smoothly enter the lower part of the sealing ring 5 during the air-filling and water-pressurizing operation. The spring 7 can reduce the operating force and increase the pressure adaptability range. By using a spring 7 with a smaller stiffness, the external atmospheric pressure can push the sealing ring 5 away from the pressure ring 3 during the air-filling operation to form an air passage.
[0034] A sealing ring is connected between the sealing ring 5 and the inner wall of the sealing ring support seat 4. The sealing ring 5 and the sealing ring support seat 4 are well sealed by the sealing ring to prevent water from flowing through the gap between the sealing ring 5 and the sealing ring support seat 4 and entering the runner chamber.
[0035] The sealing ring 5 includes a sealing base 51, to which the main body of the elasto-plastic sealing ring 5 is connected, and the upper surface of the main body of the elasto-plastic sealing ring 5 cooperates with the lower surface of the pressure ring 3. The material of the main body of the elasto-plastic sealing ring 5 is an elasto-plastic polymer material. During the inflation and water pressure working condition, the main body of the elasto-plastic sealing ring 5 can reliably contact the pressure ring 3 to ensure the sealing effect. A lubricating water groove 53 is provided on the side of the sealing ring 5 close to the pressure ring 3, and the lubricating water groove 53 is connected to the through hole 31 of the pressure ring 3. During the inflation and water pressure working condition, a certain amount of water can be temporarily stored in the lubricating water groove 53, which can ensure that the pressure ring 3 and the sealing ring 5 are well lubricated. The upper surface of the sealing ring 5 and the lower surface of the pressure ring 3 are both inclined relative to the horizontal plane. The sealing ring 5 and the pressure ring 3 are in contact through the inclined surface, which can improve the sealing effect.
[0036] The operating force of the main shaft 2 sealing structure of the utility model comes from the pressure difference on both sides of the seal. The weight of the seal itself and the energy storage of the spring 7 serve as auxiliary operating force. The seal does not need to provide additional operating power and automatically adapts to the operating mode according to the air pressure conditions on both sides. The lubricating water source required for the seal comes from the tailwater channel. The pressure of the tailwater channel is connected to the runner chamber. When the air-filling and water-pressurizing operation is performed, the sealing surfaces are in contact. At this time, the higher tailwater pressure will also replenish the lubricating water to the sealing surface. During the air replenishment operation, the pressure in the runner chamber is lower than the atmospheric pressure, the sealing surface is disengaged, and the outside air enters the runner chamber from the larger space between the sealing surfaces. At this time, the tailwater level is low, and no water will enter the sealing surface to hinder air circulation.
[0037] Air-filled and water-pressurized working conditions:
[0038] Under the support of the spring 7, the high-pressure gas in the runner chamber smoothly enters the lower part of the sealing ring support seat 4 from the vent hole 41, pushing the sealing ring 5 up and contacting with the pressure ring 3 to form a sealed contact pair to prevent the leakage of high-pressure gas. In addition, at this time, the tail water level is higher than the sealing position, and the water flows into the sealing water pipeline 6. The water flow drives the hydrocyclone 8 to rotate and automatically separates the sediment. Clean water enters between the pressure ring 3 and the sealing ring 5 through the through hole 31 of the pressure ring 3 to provide lubrication.
[0039] Air supply operation conditions:
[0040] Under the action of external atmospheric pressure and the deadweight of the sealing ring 5, the sealing ring 5 descends and separates from the pressure ring 3, and an air passage is formed between the sealing ring 5 and the pressure ring 3. The external atmosphere enters the runner chamber through the passage between the two to replenish part of the air lost from the upper part of the runner. At this time, the tail water level is lower than the sealing position, and no water will flow into the sealing water pipeline 6 and into the area between the pressure ring 3 and the sealing ring 5, and no water curtain will be formed to block the air passage.
[0041] The sealing ring 5 of the utility model can automatically rise and contact the pressure ring 3 under the working condition of air filling and water pressure to form a seal, and automatically descend and separate from the pressure ring 3 under the working condition of air replenishment, so that the external atmosphere can replenish part of the air lost in the upper part of the runner. The utility model can adapt to the working condition conversion, and does not need to provide sealing opening and closing control instructions to adapt to the working condition conversion, and does not need professional operators to judge the working conditions to perform manual working condition switching and parameter adjustment. In addition, the utility model does not require the power station to provide a clean water source for sealing surface lubrication, does not require the power station to provide a pressurized water source for sealing opening and closing operations, and does not require additional power supply for filter opening and closing monitoring and backwashing cleaning.
[0042] The present utility model is not limited to the above-mentioned optional implementation modes. Anyone can derive other various forms of products under the inspiration of the present utility model. However, no matter what changes are made in the shape or structure, all technical solutions that fall within the scope defined by the claims of the present utility model fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.
Claims
1. An impact type adaptive main shaft sealing structure, characterized in that: The invention comprises a pressure ring (3) connected to a supporting flange (11) of a waterproof shield (1), and a sealing ring support seat (4) connected to a main shaft flange (21) of a main shaft (2); a sealing ring (5) is arranged in the sealing ring support seat (4); a plurality of vent holes (41) are arranged at the lower part of the sealing ring support seat (4); the upper surface of the sealing ring (5) cooperates with the lower surface of the pressure ring (3); a through hole (31) is arranged in the pressure ring (3); a sealing water pipeline (6) connected to the through hole (31) is connected to the pressure ring (3); and the other end of the sealing water pipeline (6) is connected to a tailwater channel.
2. The impact type adaptive main shaft sealing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A throttling ring (32) is arranged in the through hole (31) of the pressure ring (3), and a throttling hole is arranged in the middle of the throttling ring (32).
3. The impact type adaptive main shaft sealing structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The upper surface of the sealing ring (5) and the lower surface of the pressure ring (3) are both arranged to be inclined relative to the horizontal plane.
4. The impact type adaptive main shaft sealing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A spring (7) for supporting the sealing ring (5) is connected between the sealing ring (5) and the bottom of the sealing ring support seat (4).
5. The impact type adaptive main shaft sealing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealing water pipeline (6) is connected to a hydrocyclone (8).
6. The impact type adaptive main shaft sealing structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The sealing water pipelines (6) on both sides of the hydrocyclone (8) are connected to valves (61).
7. The impact type adaptive main shaft sealing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sealing ring is connected between the sealing ring (5) and the inner wall of the sealing ring support seat (4).
8. The impact type adaptive main shaft sealing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealing ring (5) comprises a sealing base (51), to which an elastic-plastic sealing ring (5) body is connected, and the upper surface of the elastic-plastic sealing ring (5) body cooperates with the lower surface of the pressure ring (3).
9. The impact type adaptive main shaft sealing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure ring (3) is provided with a connecting flange (33), and the connecting flange (33) is connected to the supporting flange (11) on the waterproof shield (1).
10. An impact type adaptive main shaft sealing structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: A lubricating water groove (53) is provided on one side of the sealing ring (5) close to the pressing ring (3), and the lubricating water groove (53) is connected to the through hole (31) of the pressing ring (3).