Fuel cell engine tail drainage water recovery control device and automobile

Abstract

The utility model discloses a fuel cell engine tail drainage water recovery control device and an automobile, a cathode outlet and a cathode inlet of a fuel cell stack are respectively connected with an inlet and an outlet at one side of an air humidifier, an air outlet of a compressor of an air compressor is connected with an air inlet of an intercooler, an air outlet of an air filter is connected with an air inlet of the compressor, and an air outlet of the air filter is connected with an air outlet of the intercooler. Cathode exhaust gas of the fuel cell stack is humidified by the air humidifier and then enters the primary water segregator through the air back pressure valve, an inlet end of the secondary water segregator is connected with an outlet end of the primary water segregator, an air outlet end of the secondary water segregator is connected with an air inlet of a turbo expander of the air compressor, and an air outlet end of the turbo expander is connected with an air outlet of the air compressor. A second air outlet of the air humidifier is communicated with the water recovery device through an air back pressure valve and a first drainage valve in sequence, the water outlet end of the second-stage water segregator is communicated with the water recovery device through the first drainage valve, the air inlet end of the condenser is connected with an outlet of the turbo-expander, and meanwhile the water outlet end of the condenser is communicated with the water recovery device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of automobile technology, and in particular to a fuel cell engine tail water discharge recovery control device and an automobile. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen fuel cell engines generate electricity through electrochemical reactions between hydrogen and oxygen in the fuel cell stack, which can power the whole vehicle or other products. They have the characteristics of high power density, environmental protection and no pollution. The application of high-power fuel cell engines in commercial vehicles is becoming more and more popular. As the power of fuel cell engines increases, the required air flow and compression ratio will increase significantly. The parasitic power consumption of the air compressor will account for more than 20% of the system output power. In order to improve the efficiency of the system, the power consumption of the air compressor needs to be reduced. At present, the air compressor products that mainly adopt the turbine energy recovery technology route use the principle of turbine expansion to recover part of the energy in the tail gas of the fuel cell, thereby reducing the power consumption of the air compressor itself.

[0003] However, there is a large amount of liquid water and gaseous water produced by electrochemical reactions in the tail gas of the fuel cell, which will not only cause corrosion damage to the turbine recovery device of the air compressor and shorten its life, but also affect the stability of the high-speed rotation of the air compressor. Therefore, it is necessary to separate the liquid water in the tail gas.

[0004] In addition, the liquid water separated before the fuel cell exhaust enters the turbine and the liquid water separated by the anode are directly discharged through the tail pipe, which will cause ice on the road in winter or when the temperature is below 0°C, causing driving safety. At the same time, because the gas discharged from the tail pipe is high-temperature saturated moisture, when it is discharged to the external low-temperature environment, a large mass of white fog is formed, which affects the vision of the following vehicles and causes driving safety. Therefore, a device for recycling tail gas and liquid water is needed to improve road driving safety and recycle water resources. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application provides a fuel cell engine tail water discharge recovery control device and a vehicle, which can condense the high-temperature saturated moisture of the tail exhaust into liquid water and recover it, thereby reducing the temperature of the tail exhaust gas. This solves the driving safety problems in the prior art caused by the large white fog formed after the tail exhaust gas is discharged in winter to the following vehicles, as well as the driving safety problems caused by the drainage causing the road surface to freeze. At the same time, it can ensure the stable operation of the turbine recovery device, ensure its recovery efficiency, and reduce the loss of recovered energy.

[0006] The specific technical solutions are as follows:

[0007] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a fuel cell engine tail water recovery control device, comprising:

[0008] an air humidifier, wherein a first air outlet of the air humidifier is connected to a cathode inlet of a fuel cell stack, and a second air inlet of the air humidifier is connected to a cathode outlet of the fuel cell stack,

[0009] an intercooler, wherein an air outlet of the intercooler is connected to a first air inlet of the air humidifier,

[0010] An air compressor, the air compressor comprising a motor, a compressor and a turbo expander, the compressor being provided with a pressure wheel, the turbo expander being provided with a turbine, and the pressure wheel and the turbine being respectively provided on opposite sides of the motor, the air outlet of the compressor being connected to the air inlet of the intercooler,

[0011] an air filter, wherein the air outlet of the air filter is connected to the air inlet of the compressor,

[0012] A primary water separator, wherein the inlet end of the primary water separator is connected to the second air outlet of the air humidifier through an air back pressure valve, and the cathode tail exhaust gas of the fuel cell stack enters the primary water separator through the air back pressure valve after being humidified by the air humidifier.

[0013] A secondary water separator, wherein the inlet end of the secondary water separator is connected to the outlet end of the primary water separator, and the air outlet end of the secondary water separator is connected to the air inlet of the turbo expander.

[0014] A water recovery device, wherein the second air outlet of the air humidifier is connected to the water recovery device through the air back pressure valve and the first drain valve in sequence, and the water outlet end of the secondary water separator is connected to the water recovery device through the first drain valve.

[0015] A condenser, wherein the air inlet end of the condenser is connected to the outlet of the turbo expander, and the water outlet end of the condenser is connected to the water recovery device,

[0016] A silencer, wherein the air outlet end of the condenser is connected to the air inlet end of the silencer.

[0017] In some embodiments of the present application, the first-stage water separator is a cyclone-type gas-water separator, and the impeller of the first-stage water separator is arranged in the vertical pipeline between the air back pressure valve and the second-stage water separator, so as to form a cyclone in the cathode tail exhaust gas flowing through the vertical pipeline, and realize gas-water separation by utilizing the centrifugal force of the cyclone.

[0018] In some embodiments of the present application, a moisture adsorbent having a surface layer made of a hydrophobic material is disposed inside the secondary water separator.

[0019] In some embodiments of the present application, the secondary water separator is provided with a first heating device and a pressure difference sensor, the pressure difference sensor is used to monitor the pressure difference between the inlet end and the water outlet end of the secondary water separator in real time, and the first heating device is used to separate the liquid water from the moisture adsorbent by using high temperature when the pressure difference value between the inlet end and the water outlet end of the secondary water separator exceeds a preset pressure difference threshold.

[0020] In some embodiments of the present application, it also includes:

[0021] An anode water separator, wherein the air inlet of the anode water separator is connected to the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack, the hydrogen outlet of the anode water separator is connected to the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack, the exhaust gas outlet of the anode water separator is connected to the air inlet end of the muffler via an exhaust valve, and the water outlet end of the anode water separator is connected to the water recovery device via a second drain valve.

[0022] In some embodiments of the present application, it also includes:

[0023] An anti-icing pressure sensor is provided on the anode water separator and is used for monitoring the reflux pressure of the anode water separator in real time, so as to determine the opening time of the exhaust valve according to the reflux pressure change detected by the anti-icing pressure sensor.

[0024] In some embodiments of the present application, the corresponding relationship between the opening time of the exhaust valve and the change of the return pressure under different working conditions is calibrated and set during the calibration stage.

[0025] In some embodiments of the present application, it also includes:

[0026] The first liquid level sensor is arranged on the anode water separator and is used for real-time monitoring of the liquid level height of the liquid storage chamber of the anode water separator.

[0027] In some embodiments of the present application, it also includes:

[0028] A second liquid level sensor is provided on the water recovery device and is used to monitor the water level of the water recovery device in real time.

[0029] A third drain valve, the water recovery device is connected to the outside through the third drain valve, and the water recovery device discharges its internal recovered water to the outside through the third drain valve,

[0030] The second heating device is used to heat the recovered water in the water recovery device.

[0031] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a car, comprising: the fuel cell engine tail water discharge recovery control device described in the first aspect.

[0032] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present application are as follows:

[0033] By separating and recycling the tail water of the cathode air system, the stable operation of the turbine recovery device can be ensured, the power consumption of the air compressor can be reduced, and the efficiency of the fuel cell system can be improved. By measuring and observing the pressure difference of the secondary water separation and adjusting the water separator, the efficiency of the turbine recovery can be ensured and the loss of recovered energy can be reduced. In addition, the high-temperature saturated moisture of the tail exhaust is condensed into liquid water and recycled to reduce the temperature of the tail exhaust gas, which solves the driving safety problem caused by the large group of white fog formed after the tail exhaust gas is discharged in winter and the driving safety problem caused by the ice on the road surface caused by drainage in the prior art. At the same time, the separation and storage of gaseous water and liquid water in the cathode and anode tail exhaust can be realized on demand for discharge or recycling, which not only helps to recover the energy of the tail exhaust, but also realizes the recycling of water resources and improves the economy of the entire system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0035] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a fuel cell engine tail water recovery control device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Explanation of the reference numerals: 1 is an air humidifier, 2 is a fuel cell stack, 3 is an intercooler, 4 is an air compressor, 5 is a motor, 6 is a pressure wheel, 7 is a turbine, 8 is an air filter, 9 is a primary water separator, 10 is an air back pressure valve, 11 is a secondary water separator, 12 is a water recovery device, 13 is a first drain valve, 14 is a condenser, 15 is a muffler, 16 is a pressure difference sensor, 17 is an anode water separator, 18 is an anti-icing pressure sensor, 19 is a first liquid level sensor, 20 is a second liquid level sensor, 21 is a third drain valve, 22 is a second drain valve, and 23 is an exhaust valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0038] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The terms "including" and "having" in the embodiments of the present application and the accompanying drawings and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but optionally also includes steps or units that are not listed, or optionally also includes other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0039] The embodiment of the present application discloses a fuel cell engine tail water recovery control device, which can realize the condensation of high-temperature saturated moisture in tail exhaust into liquid water and recovery, thereby reducing the tail exhaust gas temperature. This solves the driving safety problem caused by the large cloud of white fog formed after the tail exhaust gas is discharged in winter, as well as the driving safety problem caused by the road surface icing due to drainage. At the same time, it can ensure the stable operation of the turbine recovery device, ensure its recovery efficiency, and reduce the loss of recovered energy. Figure 1 Detailed description is given below.

[0040] Figure 1 A fuel cell engine tail water recovery control device provided according to an embodiment of the present application is shown. Figure 1 As shown, the fuel cell engine tail water recovery control device mainly includes: an air humidifier 1, an intercooler 3, an air compressor 4, an air filter 8, a primary water separator 9, a secondary water separator 11, a water recovery device 12, a condenser 14 and a muffler 15, so as to realize the separation of the tail water of the cathode air system of the fuel cell stack 2.

[0041] Specifically, the air compressor 4 includes a motor 5, a compressor and a turbo expander. The compressor is used to supply the fuel cell stack 2 with the required air. The compressor is provided with a pressure wheel 6. The turbo expander is provided with a turbine 7, which is used to assist the motor 5 in driving the pressure wheel 6 to rotate. The pressure wheel 6 and the turbine 7 are respectively arranged on opposite sides of the motor 5. The pressure wheel 6 is installed on the output shaft of the motor 5 and is driven to rotate by the motor 5. At the same time, the turbine 7 drives the pressure wheel 6 to rotate, and the directions of rotation of the turbine 7 and the pressure wheel 6 driven by the motor 5 are consistent. The turbine 7 assists the motor 5 in driving the pressure wheel 6 to rotate, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the motor 5.

[0042] The air outlet of the air filter 8 is connected to the air inlet of the compressor in the air compressor 4, the air outlet of the compressor is connected to the air inlet of the intercooler 3, the air outlet of the intercooler 3 is connected to the first air inlet of the air humidifier 1, and the first air outlet of the air humidifier 1 is connected to the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack 2. The cathode side air enters the compressor of the air compressor 4 through the air filter 8, and the air filter 8 is used to filter impurities in the air to prevent the impurities in the air from causing internal damage to the air compressor 4 and improve the service life of the air compressor 4. The motor 5 in the air compressor 4 drives the compression wheel to rotate, pressurizes the air passing through the compressor, and obtains compressed air that meets the certain pressure ratio requirements of the fuel cell. After the air compressor 4 does work, the temperature of the air increases and enters the intercooler 3. The intercooler 3 cools the high-temperature air to meet the air temperature used by the fuel cell stack 2. The air at this time is relatively dry. After the dry air is humidified by the air humidifier 1, it enters the fuel cell stack 2 for electrochemical reaction to generate electrical energy.

[0043] The cathode outlet of the fuel cell stack 2 is connected to the second air inlet of the air humidifier 1. The air back pressure valve 10 is provided on the second air outlet side of the air humidifier 1. The air back pressure valve 10 cooperates with the air compressor 4 to adjust the air flow and pressure entering the cathode side of the fuel cell stack 2. The inlet end of the primary water separator 9 is connected to the second air outlet of the air humidifier 1 through the air back pressure valve 10. After the cathode tail exhaust gas of the fuel cell stack 2 is humidified by the air humidifier 1, it enters the primary water separator 9 through the air back pressure valve 10. The inlet end of the secondary water separator 11 is connected to the outlet end of the primary water separator 9, and the air outlet end of the secondary water separator 11 is connected to the air inlet of the turbo expander. At the same time, the second air outlet of the air humidifier 1 is connected to the water recovery device 12 through the air back pressure valve 10 and the first drain valve 13 in sequence, and the water outlet end of the secondary water separator 11 is connected to the water recovery device 12 through the first drain valve 13. The air inlet end of the condenser 14 is connected to the outlet of the turbo expander, the water outlet end of the condenser 14 is connected to the water recovery device 12 , and the air outlet end of the condenser 14 is connected to the air inlet end of the muffler 15 .

[0044] In the specific implementation process, the cathode saturated tail gas after the reaction is discharged into the air humidifier 1, and the air humidifier 1 humidifies the air entering the stack. The humidified air enters the first-level water separator 9 through the air back pressure valve 10. The first-level water separator 9 is a cyclone gas-water separator, which uses cyclone travel to separate water. This water separation form has a small flow resistance and does not occupy extra space. The impeller of the first-level water separator 9 is integrated in the vertical pipeline between the air back pressure valve 10 and the second-level water separator 11, which is used to make the cathode tail gas flowing through the vertical pipeline form a cyclone, and use the cyclone centrifugal force to achieve the primary gas-water separation of the cathode saturated tail gas. The separated liquid water enters the first drain valve 13 under the action of gravity.

[0045] Since the primary water separator 9 cannot completely separate liquid water and gaseous water, the tail gas after preliminary gas-liquid separation enters the secondary water separator 11 from the rear end of the primary water separator 9. The secondary water separator 11 is provided with a moisture adsorbent whose surface is a hydrophobic material, which can quickly adsorb the liquid water not separated by the primary water separator 9. Further, the secondary water separator 11 is provided with a first heating device and a pressure difference sensor 16, wherein the pressure difference sensor 16 is used to monitor the pressure difference between the inlet end and the outlet end of the secondary water separator 11 in real time, and is used to judge the flow resistance of the secondary water separator 11. If the pressure difference sensor 16 detects that the pressure difference value between the inlet end and the outlet end of the secondary water separator 11 exceeds the preset pressure difference threshold, the first heating device of the secondary water separator 11 is quickly turned on. The first heating device uses high temperature to separate the liquid water from the moisture adsorbent to restore the adsorption capacity of the secondary water separator 11, so as to avoid the phenomenon that the recovery energy of the turbine 7 of the air compressor 4 is reduced due to the increase of flow resistance, thereby increasing the power consumption of the air compressor 4. The liquid water separated by the secondary water separator 11 and the liquid water of the primary water separator 9 enter the water recovery device 12 through the control of the drain valve 15 at the same time.

[0046] The tail gas after separating the liquid water enters the turbo expander of the air compressor 4 to perform work and recover energy to reduce the power consumption of the air compressor 4. The tail gas discharged by the turbo expander is a high-temperature saturated gas of about 80°C, which enters the condenser 14, exchanges heat with the coolant of the condenser 14, and becomes a low-temperature saturated gas, thereby precipitating liquid water. The liquid water is transported to the water recovery device 12 for storage, and the exhaust gas is discharged into the atmosphere through the tail pipe after the muffler 15 reduces the noise. Among them, the temperature of the low-temperature saturated gas can be set by adjusting the coolant temperature of the condenser 14. The condensation of the cathode side tail gas in the embodiment of the present application can not only recycle liquid water, but also reduce the temperature of the tail gas, avoiding the formation of a large cloud of white fog after the tail gas is discharged from the tail pipe in winter, affecting the line of sight of the following vehicles and causing driving safety.

[0047] In the embodiment of the present application, the fuel cell engine tail water recovery control device further includes: an anode water separator 17 to achieve separation of the tail water of the anode air system of the fuel cell stack 2.

[0048] Specifically, the air inlet of the anode water separator 17 is connected to the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack 2, the hydrogen outlet of the anode water separator 17 is connected to the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack 2, the exhaust gas outlet of the anode water separator 17 is connected to the air inlet end of the muffler 15 through the exhaust valve 23, and the water outlet end of the anode water separator 17 is connected to the water recovery device 12 through the second drain valve 22. The anode reflux gas of the fuel cell stack 2 is separated from the gas and water by the anode water separator 17, and the reflux hydrogen after water separation re-enters the fuel cell stack 2 to participate in the reaction, thereby improving the utilization rate of the fuel. The nitrogen and other impurity gases that penetrate the cathode enter the muffler 15 through the exhaust valve 23 for noise reduction, and are finally discharged through the tail exhaust pipeline.

[0049] Furthermore, the anode water separator 17 is integrated with an anti-icing pressure sensor 18, which is used to monitor the reflux pressure of the anode water separator 17 in real time, so as to determine the opening time of the exhaust valve 23 according to the reflux pressure change detected by the anti-icing pressure sensor 18, and ensure that the required exhaust gas volume meets the requirements of the anode hydrogen or nitrogen concentration under different working conditions. In addition, the liquid water separated from the reflux gas is stored in the liquid storage chamber of the anode water separator 17, and the liquid storage chamber of the anode water separator 17 is integrated with a first liquid level sensor 19, which is used to monitor the liquid level height of the liquid storage chamber of the anode water separator 17 in real time, and control the opening and closing cycle of the second drain valve 22 according to the liquid level measurement value. In detail, when the liquid level height of the liquid storage chamber of the anode water separator 17 is monitored to exceed the preset liquid level height, the liquid storage volume can be calculated according to the structure of the liquid storage chamber of the anode water separator 17, so as to open the second drain valve 22, drain the water within the start time, and then close the second drain valve 22 to enter the next cycle. Finally, the anode liquid water enters the water recovery device 12 through the second drain valve 22 .

[0050] Among them, the corresponding relationship between the opening time of the exhaust valve 23 and the change of the reflux pressure under different working conditions is calibrated and set in the calibration stage. The opening time of the exhaust valve 23 is mainly calibrated on the test bench. Under different working conditions, the pressure is different, and the gas concentration in the anode water separator 17 is different. The specific concentration can be measured in the calibration stage to determine the discharge time under different pressures. After the calibration is completed, you only need to identify the pressure to determine the required opening time of the exhaust valve 23.

[0051] In the embodiment of the present application, the liquid water separated from the cathode and anode tail gas of the fuel cell stack 2 is stored in the water recovery device 12. In the specific implementation process, the water recovery device 12 is integrated with a second liquid level sensor 20 and a third drain valve 21. The second liquid level sensor 20 is arranged on the water recovery device 12 for real-time monitoring of the water level of the water recovery device 12. The water recovery device 12 is connected to the outside through the third drain valve 21. The water recovery device 12 can discharge its internal recovered water to the outside through the third drain valve 21. When the recovered water is needed, the third drain valve 21 can be opened as needed to use the recovered water. At the same time, the second liquid level sensor 20 can monitor the water storage capacity in the water recovery device 12 in real time. After the water storage capacity reaches the preset upper limit value, it can be fed back to the driver to discharge the recovered water to a suitable area to avoid continuous discharge to the road surface with the engine running during driving, which causes the road surface to freeze in winter and affect driving safety. In addition, the water recovery device 12 is also integrated with a second heating device, which can be turned on for heating when the temperature is low to prevent the volume expansion of water when it freezes in winter, causing the water recovery device 12 to crack.

[0052] An embodiment of the present application also discloses an automobile, including: a fuel cell engine tail water drainage recovery control device, which is the fuel cell engine tail water drainage recovery control device provided in the above embodiment, and its structure and principle are the same as the above embodiment. For a brief description, reference may be made to the corresponding content in the above fuel cell engine tail water drainage recovery control device embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0053] In summary, the fuel cell engine tail water drainage recovery control device and automobile provided in the embodiment of the present application can ensure the stable operation of the turbine recovery device, reduce the power consumption of the air compressor, and improve the efficiency of the fuel cell system by separating and recovering the tail water of the cathode air system, and by measuring and observing the pressure difference of the secondary water separation and adjusting the water separator, the efficiency of the turbine recovery can be guaranteed and the loss of recovered energy can be reduced. In addition, the high-temperature saturated moisture of the tail exhaust is condensed into liquid water and recovered to reduce the temperature of the tail exhaust gas, which solves the driving safety problem caused by the large group of white fog formed after the tail exhaust gas is discharged in winter in the prior art, and the driving safety problem caused by the ice on the road surface caused by drainage. At the same time, the separation and storage of gaseous water and liquid water in the cathode and anode tail exhaust can be realized on demand discharge or recycling, which not only helps the energy recovery of the tail exhaust, but also realizes the recycling of water resources, and improves the economy of the whole system.

[0054] It can be understood by ordinary technicians in this field that the accompanying drawings are only schematic diagrams of an embodiment, and the components in the accompanying drawings are not necessarily necessary for implementing the present application. In addition, in the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances. It should be noted that the orientation or position relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0055] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are only specific implementation methods of the present application, which are used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. The protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Although the present application is described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned embodiments, ordinary technicians in the field should understand that any technician familiar with the technical field can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the above-mentioned embodiments within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, or can easily think of changes, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein; and these modifications, changes or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be based on the protection scope described in the claims.

Claims

1. A fuel cell engine tail water recovery control device, characterized in that: include: an air humidifier, wherein a first air outlet of the air humidifier is connected to a cathode inlet of a fuel cell stack, and a second air inlet of the air humidifier is connected to a cathode outlet of the fuel cell stack, an intercooler, wherein an air outlet of the intercooler is connected to a first air inlet of the air humidifier, An air compressor, the air compressor comprising a motor, a compressor and a turbo expander, the compressor being provided with a pressure wheel, the turbo expander being provided with a turbine, and the pressure wheel and the turbine being respectively provided on opposite sides of the motor, the air outlet of the compressor being connected to the air inlet of the intercooler, an air filter, wherein the air outlet of the air filter is connected to the air inlet of the compressor, A primary water separator, wherein the inlet end of the primary water separator is connected to the second air outlet of the air humidifier through an air back pressure valve, and the cathode tail exhaust gas of the fuel cell stack enters the primary water separator through the air back pressure valve after being humidified by the air humidifier. A secondary water separator, wherein the inlet end of the secondary water separator is connected to the outlet end of the primary water separator, and the air outlet end of the secondary water separator is connected to the air inlet of the turbo expander. A water recovery device, wherein the second air outlet of the air humidifier is connected to the water recovery device through the air back pressure valve and the first drain valve in sequence, and the water outlet end of the secondary water separator is connected to the water recovery device through the first drain valve. A condenser, wherein the air inlet end of the condenser is connected to the outlet of the turbo expander, and the water outlet end of the condenser is connected to the water recovery device, A silencer, wherein the air outlet end of the condenser is connected to the air inlet end of the silencer.

2. The fuel cell engine tail water recovery control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first-stage water separator is a cyclone-type gas-water separator. The impeller of the first-stage water separator is arranged in the vertical pipeline between the air back pressure valve and the second-stage water separator, and is used to make the cathode tail exhaust gas flowing through the vertical pipeline form a cyclone, and use the cyclone centrifugal force to achieve gas-water separation.

3. The fuel cell engine tail water recovery control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interior of the secondary water separator is provided with a moisture adsorbent whose surface layer is a hydrophobic material.

4. The fuel cell engine tail water recovery control device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The secondary water separator is provided with a first heating device and a pressure difference sensor, the pressure difference sensor is used to monitor the pressure difference between the inlet end and the water outlet end of the secondary water separator in real time, and the first heating device is used to separate the liquid water from the moisture adsorbent by using high temperature when the pressure difference value between the inlet end and the water outlet end of the secondary water separator exceeds a preset pressure difference threshold.

5. The fuel cell engine tail water recovery control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: An anode water separator, wherein the air inlet of the anode water separator is connected to the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack, the hydrogen outlet of the anode water separator is connected to the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack, the exhaust gas outlet of the anode water separator is connected to the air inlet end of the muffler via an exhaust valve, and the water outlet end of the anode water separator is connected to the water recovery device via a second drain valve.

6. The fuel cell engine tail water recovery control device according to claim 5, characterized in that: Also includes: An anti-icing pressure sensor is provided on the anode water separator and is used for monitoring the reflux pressure of the anode water separator in real time, so as to determine the opening time of the exhaust valve according to the reflux pressure change detected by the anti-icing pressure sensor.

7. The fuel cell engine tail water recovery control device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The corresponding relationship between the opening time of the exhaust valve and the change of the return pressure under different working conditions is calibrated and set during the calibration stage.

8. The fuel cell engine tail water recovery control device according to claim 5, characterized in that: Also includes: The first liquid level sensor is arranged on the anode water separator and is used for real-time monitoring of the liquid level height of the liquid storage chamber of the anode water separator.

9. The fuel cell engine tail water recovery control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A second liquid level sensor is provided on the water recovery device and is used to monitor the water level of the water recovery device in real time. A third drain valve, the water recovery device is connected to the outside through the third drain valve, and the water recovery device discharges its internal recovered water to the outside through the third drain valve, The second heating device is used to heat the recovered water in the water recovery device.

10. An automobile, characterized in that: include: A fuel cell engine tail water recovery control device as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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