Power supply reversed polarity protection circuit and energy storage power supply

Abstract

The utility model provides a power supply reversed polarity protection circuit and an energy storage power supply. The power supply reversed polarity protection circuit comprises a polarity identification circuit and a relay switch circuit. The polarity identification circuit comprises a polarity detection optocoupler, a first resistor and a second resistor; a second light emitting end of the polarity detection optocoupler is connected with a first end of the first resistor; the second end of the second resistor is connected with the first light receiving end of the polarity detection optocoupler; the relay switch circuit comprises a power transmission relay and a power transmission switch tube, the input end of the power transmission relay is connected with the output electrode of the external power supply, the second control end of the power transmission relay is connected with the first end of the power transmission switch tube, and the control end of the power transmission switch tube is connected with the first light receiving end of the polarity detection optocoupler. When the power supply electrode is reversely connected, the polarity detection optocoupler is triggered, so that the voltage of the first light receiving end of the polarity detection optocoupler is changed, the power transmission switch tube is closed, the power transmission relay is disconnected, and reverse polarity protection of the power supply is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of energy storage power supplies, and in particular to a power supply reverse polarity protection circuit and an energy storage power supply. Background Art

[0002] DC power supplies or batteries have positive and negative polarities. When a device interface is plugged into a reverse polarity power supply, the electrical device will be damaged. To ensure the safety of electrical devices, an anti-reverse connection function is usually added to the interface. There are usually two ways to prevent reverse connection of devices. One is to add an anti-reverse connection measure to the interface socket, and the other is to add an anti-reverse connection function through the internal circuit of the interface, for example, the patent application with application number CN115833077A, to protect the safety of electrical devices.

[0003] However, common DC power-consuming devices generally add a reverse diode at the input interface to clamp the voltage, or use a switch circuit composed of MOS for protection. The use of a diode solution will increase the power consumption of the circuit and the diode will generate high heat. Although the use of a switch circuit composed of MOS can solve the shortcomings of the diode solution, the protection voltage is limited by the MOS withstand voltage, and the MOS will heat up when the current is large, which will also cause circuit loss. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a power supply reverse polarity protection circuit and an energy storage power supply that can effectively reduce the damage caused by reverse connection of electric energy.

[0005] The purpose of this disclosure is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A power reverse polarity protection circuit comprises: a polarity identification circuit and a relay switch circuit; the polarity identification circuit comprises a polarity detection optocoupler, a first resistor and a second resistor, the second light-emitting end of the polarity detection optocoupler is used to connect to an external power supply output electrode, the second light-emitting end of the polarity detection optocoupler is also connected to the first end of the first resistor, the second end of the first resistor is connected to the first light-emitting end of the polarity detection optocoupler, and the second end of the first resistor is grounded; the first end of the second resistor is used to connect to a first reference power supply, the second end of the second resistor is connected to the first light-receiving end of the polarity detection optocoupler, and the second light-receiving end of the polarity detection optocoupler is grounded; the relay switch circuit comprises a power transmission relay and a power transmission switch tube, the input end of the power transmission relay is connected to the external power supply output electrode, the output end of the power transmission relay is used to connect to a load, the first control end of the power transmission relay is used to connect to a second reference power supply, the second control end of the power transmission relay is connected to the first end of the power transmission switch tube, the second end of the power transmission switch tube is grounded, and the control end of the power transmission switch tube is connected to the first light-receiving end of the polarity detection optocoupler.

[0007] In one embodiment, the polarity identification circuit further includes a third resistor, and the second end of the first resistor is grounded through the third resistor.

[0008] In one embodiment, at least one of the first resistor and the third resistor is a variable resistor.

[0009] In one embodiment, the polarity identification circuit further includes a first anti-reverse diode, the first end of the first resistor is connected to the positive electrode of the first anti-reverse diode, and the negative electrode of the first anti-reverse diode is connected to the second end of the first resistor.

[0010] In one embodiment, the polarity identification circuit further includes a second anti-reverse diode, the second end of the second resistor is connected to the anode of the second anti-reverse diode, and the cathode of the second anti-reverse diode is connected to the first light receiving end of the polarity detection optocoupler.

[0011] In one of the embodiments, the relay switch circuit further includes a fourth resistor, and the control end of the power transmission switch tube is grounded through the fourth resistor.

[0012] In one embodiment, the relay switch circuit further includes a fifth resistor, a first end of the fifth resistor is used to output a relay working signal, and a second end of the fifth resistor is connected to a control end of the power transmission switch tube.

[0013] In one embodiment, the relay switch circuit further includes a protection capacitor, a first end of the protection capacitor is connected to the first control end of the power transmission relay, and a second end of the protection capacitor is connected to the first end of the power transmission switch tube.

[0014] In one embodiment, the relay switch circuit further includes a third anti-reverse diode, the first control end of the power transmission relay is connected to the cathode of the third anti-reverse diode, and the anode of the third anti-reverse diode is connected to the first end of the power transmission switch tube.

[0015] An energy storage power supply comprises the power reverse polarity protection circuit described in any one of the above embodiments.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following advantages:

[0017] When the power electrode is positively connected, the polarity detection optocoupler is not triggered, so that the first light-receiving end of the polarity detection optocoupler is connected to the first reference power supply, thereby turning on the power transmission switch tube, and then turning on the power transmission relay, which is convenient for outputting electric energy to the device responsible; when the power electrode is reversely connected, the polarity detection optocoupler is triggered, so that the voltage at the first light-receiving end of the polarity detection optocoupler changes, thereby turning off the power transmission switch tube, and then disconnecting the power transmission relay, thereby realizing reverse polarity protection for the power supply. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present disclosure and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 is a circuit diagram of a power reverse polarity protection circuit in one embodiment;

[0020] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The circuit diagram of the polarity identification circuit in the power supply reverse polarity protection circuit shown;

[0021] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The circuit diagram of the relay switch circuit in the power supply reverse polarity protection circuit is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to facilitate the understanding of the present disclosure, the present disclosure will be described more fully below with reference to the relevant drawings. The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are given in the drawings. However, the present disclosure can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the disclosure of the present disclosure more thoroughly and comprehensively understood.

[0023] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be a central element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be a central element at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only implementation method.

[0024] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present disclosure. The terms used herein in the specification of the present disclosure are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.

[0025] The present invention relates to a power supply reverse polarity protection circuit. In one embodiment, the power reverse polarity protection circuit includes a polarity identification circuit and a relay switch circuit; the polarity identification circuit includes a polarity detection optocoupler, a first resistor and a second resistor, the second light-emitting end of the polarity detection optocoupler is used to connect to the external power supply output electrode, the second light-emitting end of the polarity detection optocoupler is also connected to the first end of the first resistor, the second end of the first resistor is connected to the first light-emitting end of the polarity detection optocoupler, and the second end of the first resistor is grounded; the first end of the second resistor is used to connect to the first reference power supply, the second end of the second resistor is connected to the first light-receiving end of the polarity detection optocoupler, and the second light-receiving end of the polarity detection optocoupler is grounded; the relay switch circuit includes a power transmission relay and a power transmission switch tube, the input end of the power transmission relay is connected to the external power supply output electrode, the output end of the power transmission relay is used to connect to the load, the first control end of the power transmission relay is used to connect to the second reference power supply, the second control end of the power transmission relay is connected to the first end of the power transmission switch tube, the second end of the power transmission switch tube is grounded, and the control end of the power transmission switch tube is connected to the first light-receiving end of the polarity detection optocoupler. When the power electrode is positively connected, the polarity detection optocoupler is not triggered, so that the first light-receiving end of the polarity detection optocoupler is connected to the first reference power supply, thereby turning on the power transmission switch tube, and then turning on the power transmission relay, which is convenient for outputting electric energy to the device responsible; when the power electrode is reversely connected, the polarity detection optocoupler is triggered, so that the voltage at the first light-receiving end of the polarity detection optocoupler changes, thereby turning off the power transmission switch tube, and then disconnecting the power transmission relay, thereby realizing reverse polarity protection for the power supply.

[0026] See also Figure 1 , which is a circuit diagram of a power supply reverse polarity protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] The power reverse polarity protection circuit 10 of one embodiment includes a polarity identification circuit 100 and a relay switch circuit 200. Please refer to Figure 2 , the polarity identification circuit 100 includes a polarity detection optocoupler GK1, a first resistor RK8 and a second resistor RK6. The second light-emitting end of the polarity detection optocoupler GK1 is used to connect to the output electrode of the external power supply, and the second light-emitting end of the polarity detection optocoupler GK1 is also connected to the first end of the first resistor RK8, the second end of the first resistor RK8 is connected to the first light-emitting end of the polarity detection optocoupler GK1, and the second end of the first resistor RK8 is grounded. The first end of the second resistor RK6 is used to connect to the first reference power supply, the second end of the second resistor RK6 is connected to the first light-receiving end of the polarity detection optocoupler GK1, and the second light-receiving end of the polarity detection optocoupler GK1 is grounded. Please refer to Figure 3The relay switch circuit 200 includes a power transmission relay K1 and a power transmission switch tube QK2. The input end of the power transmission relay K1 is connected to the output electrode of the external power supply, the output end of the power transmission relay K1 is used to connect to the load DC+, the first control end of the power transmission relay K1 is used to connect to the second reference power supply, the second control end of the power transmission relay K1 is connected to the first end of the power transmission switch tube QK2, the second end of the power transmission switch tube QK2 is grounded, and the control end of the power transmission switch tube QK2 is connected to the first light receiving end of the polarity detection optical coupler GK1.

[0028] In this embodiment, when the power electrode is positively connected, the polarity detection optocoupler GK1 is not triggered, so that the first light receiving end of the polarity detection optocoupler GK1 is connected to the first reference power supply, thereby turning on the power transmission switch tube QK2, and then turning on the power transmission relay K1, which is convenient for outputting electric energy to the responsible device; when the power electrode is reversely connected, the polarity detection optocoupler GK1 is triggered, so that the voltage at the first light receiving end of the polarity detection optocoupler GK1 changes, thereby turning off the power transmission switch tube QK2, and then disconnecting the power transmission relay K1, thereby realizing reverse polarity protection of the power supply.

[0029] In another embodiment, the power transmission switch tube QK2 is an NPN type transistor, the first end of the power transmission switch tube QK2 is the collector of the NPN type transistor, the second end of the power transmission switch tube QK2 is the emitter of the NPN type transistor, and the control end of the power transmission switch tube QK2 is the base of the NPN type transistor.

[0030] In one embodiment, see Figure 2 , the polarity identification circuit 100 further includes a third resistor RK7, and the second end of the first resistor RK8 is grounded through the third resistor RK7. In this embodiment, the third resistor RK7 is connected to the first resistor RK8. Specifically, the third resistor RK7 and the first resistor RK8 are connected in series to form a voltage divider circuit, and the divided voltage on the first resistor RK8 is used as a bias voltage of the light-receiving end of the polarity detection optocoupler GK1, so that when the external power supply is reversely connected, the light-emitting end of the polarity detection optocoupler GK1 is turned on, so that the light-receiving end of the polarity detection optocoupler GK1 outputs a reverse polarity detection signal, thereby facilitating reverse polarity protection.

[0031] In another embodiment, at least one of the first resistor RK8 and the third resistor RK7 is a variable resistor, so that the third resistor RK7 and the first resistor RK8 form a voltage divider circuit with an adjustable voltage divider ratio.

[0032] In one embodiment, see Figure 2, the polarity identification circuit 100 further includes a first anti-reverse diode DK2, the first end of the first resistor RK8 is connected to the positive electrode of the first anti-reverse diode DK2, and the negative electrode of the first anti-reverse diode DK2 is connected to the second end of the first resistor RK8. In this embodiment, the first anti-reverse diode DK2 is connected to the first resistor RK8, specifically, the first anti-reverse diode DK2 is connected in parallel with the first resistor RK8, and the first anti-reverse diode DK2 is connected in parallel with the light-emitting end of the polarity detection optocoupler GK1 in reverse polarity, so that when the external power supply is positively connected, the voltage is turned on through the first anti-reverse diode DK2, reducing the reverse withstand voltage on the light-emitting end of the polarity detection optocoupler GK1, thereby ensuring the safety of the polarity detection optocoupler GK1.

[0033] In one embodiment, see Figure 2 , the polarity identification circuit 100 further includes a second anti-reverse diode DK1, the second end of the second resistor RK6 is connected to the anode of the second anti-reverse diode DK1, and the cathode of the second anti-reverse diode DK1 is connected to the first light-receiving end of the polarity detection optocoupler GK1. In this embodiment, the second anti-reverse diode DK1 is connected to the second resistor RK6. Specifically, the second anti-reverse diode DK1 is connected in series to the second resistor RK6 to provide a stable conduction current for the first light-receiving end of the polarity detection optocoupler GK1, thereby avoiding current pulses to the first reference power supply when conducting.

[0034] In another embodiment, the positive electrode voltage of the second anti-reverse diode DK1 is used to connect to the polarity identification terminal of the battery management system to determine whether the polarity connection of the external power supply is normal or not.

[0035] In one embodiment, see Figure 3 The relay switch circuit 200 further includes a fourth resistor RK14, and the control end of the power transmission switch tube QK2 is grounded through the fourth resistor RK14. In this embodiment, the fourth resistor RK14 is connected to the power transmission switch tube QK2. Specifically, the fourth resistor RK14 is connected in parallel to the control end and the second end of the power transmission switch tube QK2. The fourth resistor RK14 serves as a conduction bias resistor of the power transmission switch tube QK2, which is convenient for providing a fast conduction path for the power transmission switch tube QK2, thereby facilitating the fast conduction of the power transmission switch tube QK2.

[0036] In one embodiment, see Figure 3The relay switch circuit 200 further includes a fifth resistor RK13, a first end of the fifth resistor RK13 is used to output a relay working signal RELAY-ON, and a second end of the fifth resistor RK13 is connected to the control end of the power transmission switch tube QK2. In this embodiment, the fifth resistor RK13 is connected to the power transmission switch tube QK2. Specifically, the fifth resistor RK13 and the fourth resistor RK14 form a voltage divider circuit. The fifth resistor RK13 serves as a pull-up resistor on the control end of the power transmission switch tube QK2, which is convenient for raising the voltage of the relay working signal, thereby facilitating the battery manager to accurately collect the working status of the relay.

[0037] In one embodiment, see Figure 3 The relay switch circuit 200 further includes a protection capacitor CK2, a first end of the protection capacitor CK2 is connected to the first control end of the power transmission relay K1, and a second end of the protection capacitor CK2 is connected to the first end of the power transmission switch tube QK2. In this embodiment, the protection capacitor CK2 is connected to the power transmission relay K1, specifically, the protection capacitor CK2 is connected in parallel with the control end of the power transmission relay K1, and the protection capacitor CK2 is also connected to the second reference power supply, so as to provide a stable control voltage for the control end of the power transmission relay K1, so that the on and off of the power transmission relay K1 can be accurately controlled.

[0038] In one embodiment, see Figure 3 , the relay switch circuit 200 also includes a third anti-reverse diode DK4, the first control end of the power transmission relay K1 is connected to the cathode of the third anti-reverse diode DK4, and the anode of the third anti-reverse diode DK4 is connected to the first end of the power transmission switch tube QK2. In this embodiment, the third anti-reverse diode DK4 is connected to the power transmission relay K1, specifically, the third anti-reverse diode DK4 is connected in parallel with the control end of the power transmission relay K1, so that the third anti-reverse diode DK4 is connected in parallel with the protection capacitor CK2. The third anti-reverse diode DK4 is reversely connected to the second reference power supply, avoiding the impact of the pulse voltage on the protection capacitor CK2 on the second reference power supply, and ensuring the precise on-off control of the power transmission relay K1.

[0039] In one embodiment, the present disclosure further provides an energy storage power supply, comprising the power reverse polarity protection circuit described in any of the above embodiments. In this embodiment, the power reverse polarity protection circuit includes a polarity identification circuit and a relay switch circuit; the polarity identification circuit includes a polarity detection optocoupler, a first resistor and a second resistor, the second light-emitting end of the polarity detection optocoupler is used to connect to the external power supply output electrode, the second light-emitting end of the polarity detection optocoupler is also connected to the first end of the first resistor, the second end of the first resistor is connected to the first light-emitting end of the polarity detection optocoupler, and the second end of the first resistor is grounded; the first end of the second resistor is used to connect to the first reference power supply, the second end of the second resistor is connected to the first light-receiving end of the polarity detection optocoupler, and the second light-receiving end of the polarity detection optocoupler is grounded; the relay switch circuit includes a power transmission relay and a power transmission switch tube, the input end of the power transmission relay is connected to the external power supply output electrode, the output end of the power transmission relay is used to connect to the load, the first control end of the power transmission relay is used to connect to the second reference power supply, the second control end of the power transmission relay is connected to the first end of the power transmission switch tube, the second end of the power transmission switch tube is grounded, and the control end of the power transmission switch tube is connected to the first light-receiving end of the polarity detection optocoupler. When the power electrode is positively connected, the polarity detection optocoupler is not triggered, so that the first light-receiving end of the polarity detection optocoupler is connected to the first reference power supply, thereby turning on the power transmission switch tube, and then turning on the power transmission relay, which is convenient for outputting electric energy to the device responsible; when the power electrode is reversely connected, the polarity detection optocoupler is triggered, so that the voltage at the first light-receiving end of the polarity detection optocoupler changes, thereby turning off the power transmission switch tube, and then disconnecting the power transmission relay, thereby realizing reverse polarity protection for the power supply.

[0040] In another embodiment, the external power source is a battery module of an energy storage power source.

[0041] The above-described embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present disclosure, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present disclosure. It should be pointed out that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present disclosure, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A power reverse polarity protection circuit, characterized in that: include: A polarity identification circuit, the polarity identification circuit comprising a polarity detection optocoupler, a first resistor and a second resistor, the second light-emitting end of the polarity detection optocoupler is used to connect to an external power supply output electrode, the second light-emitting end of the polarity detection optocoupler is also connected to the first end of the first resistor, the second end of the first resistor is connected to the first light-emitting end of the polarity detection optocoupler, and the second end of the first resistor is grounded; the first end of the second resistor is used to connect to a first reference power supply, the second end of the second resistor is connected to the first light-receiving end of the polarity detection optocoupler, and the second light-receiving end of the polarity detection optocoupler is grounded; A relay switch circuit, the relay switch circuit comprising a power transmission relay and a power transmission switch tube, the input end of the power transmission relay is connected to an external power supply output electrode, the output end of the power transmission relay is used to connect to a load, the first control end of the power transmission relay is used to connect to a second reference power supply, the second control end of the power transmission relay is connected to the first end of the power transmission switch tube, the second end of the power transmission switch tube is grounded, and the control end of the power transmission switch tube is connected to the first light receiving end of the polarity detection optocoupler.

2. The power reverse polarity protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polarity identification circuit further includes a third resistor, and the second end of the first resistor is grounded through the third resistor.

3. The power reverse polarity protection circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: At least one of the first resistor and the third resistor is a variable resistor.

4. The power reverse polarity protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polarity identification circuit further includes a first anti-reverse diode, the first end of the first resistor is connected to the positive electrode of the first anti-reverse diode, and the negative electrode of the first anti-reverse diode is connected to the second end of the first resistor.

5. The power reverse polarity protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polarity identification circuit also includes a second anti-reverse diode, the second end of the second resistor is connected to the anode of the second anti-reverse diode, and the cathode of the second anti-reverse diode is connected to the first light receiving end of the polarity detection optocoupler.

6. The power reverse polarity protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The relay switch circuit further includes a fourth resistor, and the control end of the power transmission switch tube is grounded through the fourth resistor.

7. The power reverse polarity protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The relay switch circuit also includes a fifth resistor, a first end of the fifth resistor is used to output a relay working signal, and a second end of the fifth resistor is connected to the control end of the power transmission switch tube.

8. The power reverse polarity protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The relay switch circuit also includes a protection capacitor, a first end of the protection capacitor is connected to the first control end of the power transmission relay, and a second end of the protection capacitor is connected to the first end of the power transmission switch tube.

9. The power reverse polarity protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The relay switch circuit also includes a third anti-reverse diode, the first control end of the power transmission relay is connected to the cathode of the third anti-reverse diode, and the anode of the third anti-reverse diode is connected to the first end of the power transmission switch tube.

10. An energy storage power supply, characterized in that: The invention comprises a power supply reverse polarity protection circuit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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