Shaft workpiece inner hole cleaning machine

Abstract

The utility model discloses a shaft workpiece inner hole cleaning machine which comprises a cleaning device which comprises a chain box, a rigid chain, a positioning disc and a brush head. A coiled guide groove is formed in the chain box, a chain is embedded in the coiled guide groove, a chain driving mechanism is installed on the chain box, the chain driving mechanism is located at the position of an outlet of the coiled guide groove and connected with the chain located at the position of the outlet of the coiled guide groove, and the end, extending out of the chain box, of the chain penetrates through the positioning disc in a non-contact mode and is connected with the installation rod through a positioning rod. A brush head is installed on the installation rod, the positioning disc is elastically installed outside the chain box, an electromagnet is installed on the positioning disc, and the electromagnet and the chain driving mechanism are connected with a control device. And the chain can be driven by the chain driving mechanism to reciprocate along the coiled guide groove so as to stretch out and retract relative to the positioning disc, so that the brush head is driven to linearly reciprocate in the inner hole of the shaft workpiece. The automatic cleaning device can automatically clean long and thin inner holes of shaft workpieces, saves time and labor, and is good in cleaning effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to a shaft workpiece inner hole cleaning machine, in particular to a device which is particularly suitable for cleaning the inner holes of long and thin shaft workpieces such as the inner holes of hollow axles of railway vehicles. Background Art

[0002] Hollow axles are one of the key components that affect the safe operation of railway vehicles. Hollow axles are subject to alternating loads during high-speed operation of railway vehicles. Under long-term action, fatigue cracks are easily generated or existing defects are expanded, causing the axle to crack or even break. Therefore, it is necessary to use ultrasonic methods to detect internal and surface defects before it is put into use and after long-term use. During flaw detection, the probe with high-frequency electrical signals needs to be inserted into the inner hole of the hollow axle and close to the inner hole wall. The air gap between the probe and the inner hole wall is filled with engine oil to allow more ultrasonic energy to enter the metal axle and reduce energy loss. Therefore, the ultrasonic beam propagates in the metal axle. When the ultrasonic beam encounters a medium with different acoustic impedance (such as air, non-metallic slag inclusions, etc.), it is blocked and cannot penetrate, but is reflected back and received by the probe. Based on this, according to the energy strength and propagation time of the reflected ultrasonic beam, it can be judged which part of the axle has cracks or non-metallic slag inclusions and other defects. It can be seen that the close fit between the probe and the inner hole wall of the axle is the key factor affecting the flaw detection accuracy.

[0003] However, it can be found from actual flaw detection that the inner hole wall of the hollow axle often has high roughness or contains oil, metal chips and other dirt, which greatly affects the tightness of the probe and the inner hole wall, greatly reducing the flaw detection sensitivity. In actual manufacturing, the roughness of the inner hole wall of the hollow axle can be improved by improving the processing accuracy. It can be seen that the cleanliness of the inner hole has become the main reason affecting the flaw detection sensitivity.

[0004] Usually, the length of a hollow axle is about 2.2m, and the inner hole has different diameters such as Φ30 and Φ60, which shows that the inner hole of the axle is thin and long. The traditional cleaning method is that workers insert a pole with lint-free cotton cloth tied to one end into the inner hole of the hollow axle, push and pull it back and forth, and replace the cotton cloth in time to complete the cleaning of the inner hole. Obviously, this traditional method is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the cleaning effect depends entirely on the worker's sense of responsibility or work attitude. The cleanliness is not guaranteed, and the accuracy of the subsequent flaw detection results cannot be guaranteed. Utility Model Content

[0005] The utility model aims to provide a shaft workpiece inner hole cleaning machine, which can realize automatic cleaning of the long and thin inner holes of shaft workpieces, saves time and labor, has good cleaning effect, and is suitable for popularization.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A cleaning machine for inner holes of shaft workpieces comprises a cleaning device, the cleaning device comprises a chain box, a rigid chain, a positioning disk and a brush head, wherein: a coiled guide groove is provided in the chain box, the chain is embedded in the coiled guide groove, a chain driving mechanism is installed on the chain box, the chain driving mechanism is located at the exit position of the coiled guide groove and is connected to the chain at the exit position of the coiled guide groove, one end of the chain extending out of the chain box passes through the positioning disk without contact and is connected to the mounting rod via a positioning rod, the brush head is installed on the mounting rod, the positioning disk is elastically installed outside the chain box, an electromagnet is installed on the positioning disk, the electromagnet and the chain driving mechanism are connected to a control device; the chain can move back and forth along the coiled guide groove under the drive of the chain driving mechanism, so as to extend and retract relative to the positioning disk, thereby driving the brush head to make reciprocating linear motion in the inner hole of the shaft workpiece.

[0008] The advantages of the utility model are:

[0009] The utility model realizes automatic cleaning of the long and thin inner holes of shaft workpieces, which saves time and effort, reduces the labor of workers, ensures the cleaning effect, and ensures the accuracy of the subsequent flaw detection results. The utility model is suitable for cleaning the inner holes of long and thin shaft workpieces, especially the inner holes of hollow axles of railway vehicles. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 It is a stereoscopic diagram of the first embodiment of the utility model of the inner hole cleaning machine for shaft workpieces.

[0011] Figure 2 It is another stereoscopic view of the first embodiment of the shaft workpiece inner hole cleaning machine of the utility model.

[0012] Figure 3 It is a front view schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the utility model of the inner hole cleaning machine for shaft workpieces (the dust box is not shown, and the lifting device is shown partially).

[0013] Figure 4 It is a partial schematic diagram of the cleaning device of the first embodiment of the shaft workpiece inner hole cleaning machine of the utility model (only a part of the chain is shown, and the outer bearing, buckle cover and another groove plate, etc. are not shown).

[0014] Figure 5 yes Figure 3 AA section view of the chain (only a portion of the chain is shown).

[0015] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the chain, sprocket and chain drive motor.

[0016] Figure 7 It is a structural diagram of the slot plate.

[0017] Figure 8 It is a structural diagram of the lifting device.

[0018] Fig. 9 It is a stereoscopic diagram of the second embodiment of the utility model of the inner hole cleaning machine for shaft workpieces. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, the utility model provides a cleaning machine for inner holes of shaft workpieces, including a cleaning device 10, the cleaning device 10 includes a chain box 11, a rigid chain 12, a positioning disk 16 and a brush head 19, wherein: a coiled guide groove 1111 is provided in the chain box 11, the coiled guide groove 1111 is embedded with the chain 12, a chain driving mechanism is installed on the chain box 11, the chain driving mechanism is located at the exit position of the coiled guide groove 1111 and is connected to the chain 12 at the exit position of the coiled guide groove 1111, one end of the chain 12 extending out of the chain box 11 passes through the positioning disk 16 without contact and passes through the rigid The flexible positioning rod 191 is connected to the rigid mounting rod 193, a brush head 19 is mounted on the mounting rod 193, a positioning plate 16 is elastically mounted outside the chain box 11, an electromagnet 17 is mounted on the positioning plate 16, and the electromagnet 17 and the chain driving mechanism are connected to the control device; the chain 12 is driven by the chain driving mechanism to reciprocate along the coiled guide groove 1111 to extend and retract relative to the positioning plate 16 (the chain 12 extends and retracts relative to the chain box 11), thereby driving the brush head 19 to perform reciprocating linear motion in the inner hole of the shaft workpiece by means of the positioning rod 191 and the mounting rod 193.

[0020] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 The chain box 11 includes two slot plates 111 arranged side by side, that is, there is a certain interval between the two slot plates 111, a coiled guide groove 1111 is provided through the slot plate 111, a sprocket assembly groove 1112 is recessed on the inner side of the slot plate 111, the coiled guide grooves 1111 on the two slot plates 111 are arranged opposite to each other, and the sprocket assembly grooves 1112 on the two slot plates 111 are arranged opposite to each other, and the chain 12 is movably embedded between the coiled guide grooves 1111 of the two slot plates 111 through the driving columns 121 protruding on both sides of the chain 12, that is, the chain 12 is movably arranged between the two slot plates 111, and the sprocket assembly groove 1112 intersects with the outlet position of the coiled guide groove 1111 (such as Figure 7 The chain drive mechanism includes a chain drive motor 14, an output shaft 140 of the chain drive motor 14 is connected to a sprocket 13, the sprocket 13 is embedded in a sprocket assembly groove 1112, and the sprocket 13 is meshed with the chain 12 at a position where the sprocket assembly groove 1112 and the coiled guide groove 1111 intersect.

[0021] In the present invention, the chain 12 is a rigid chain with a certain hardness. The chain 12 is flexible when coiled and rigid when straightened. When rigid, it can push the positioning rod 191 and the installation rod 193 with greater gravity to overcome the friction and move. Specifically, on the one hand, the chain 12 can push against the brush head 19 to move into the inner hole, and the push is strong, ensuring that the brush head 19 produces strong friction against the inner wall of the inner hole to achieve scrubbing. On the other hand, the chain 12 can forcefully pull the brush head 19 out of the inner hole, and the chain 12 can be bent and coiled in the coiled guide groove 1111 of the chain box 11.

[0022] In actual design, the chain 12 is a UC / MM type drag chain, and cylinders as driving columns 121 are protruding from both sides of the chain 12, and the sprocket 13 is a double-row sprocket. Specifically, the chain 12 is preferably a UC / MM type drag chain, and the UC / MM type drag chain includes a chain body, and cylinders protruding from both sides of the chain body are the above-mentioned driving columns 121.

[0023] In actual design, the length of chain 12 should be set according to the length of the inner hole to be cleaned. To meet the requirements of hollow axle inner hole cleaning, for example, the longest hollow axle inner hole is designed to be 3.5m.

[0024] In actual design, the sprocket 13 is preferably a double-row sprocket having two gears, so that the two gears are respectively meshed with the driving posts 121 on both sides of the chain 12. The meshing here means that the driving post 121 is stuck between two adjacent teeth of the gear, so that the rotation of the sprocket 13 can realize the shifting of the chain 12.

[0025] In the present utility model, the coiled guide groove 1111 is as follows Figure 7 As shown, it has an inner end and an outer end, and extends in a coiled manner from the inner end, and finally extends horizontally to one side of the slot plate 111. The end on the side of the slot plate 111 is called the outer end. Figure 7 There is a certain interval between the inner and outer adjacent parts of the coiled guide groove 1111. Figure 3 In FIG. 1 , the arrangement of the chain 12 is shown by dotted lines.

[0026] Preferably, the interval between adjacent inner and outer portions of the coiled guide groove 1111 gradually increases from the inside to the outside, so as to facilitate the smooth retraction and extension of the chain 12 and avoid the problem of being stuck.

[0027] In actual design, the two slot plates 111 of the chain box 11 are fixed on the mounting seat 101, and the mounting seat 101 is used to locate the distance between the two slot plates 111. Further, in order to improve stability, fixed plates 102 can be set at the outer ends of the coiled guide grooves 1111 on both sides of the chain box 11, and the distance between the two slot plates 111 is further located by the two fixed plates 102, which is of course not limited.

[0028] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 The output shaft 140 of the chain drive motor 14 passes through the two slot plates 111 and the sprocket 13. A core sleeve 152 is fixed on the output shaft 140. The core sleeve 152 is fixedly connected to the sprocket 13. An inner bearing 153 and an outer bearing 154 are provided on both sides of the sprocket 13. The inner ring of the inner bearing 153 is fixed to the core sleeve 152, and the outer ring is fixed to the corresponding slot plate 111 via a transition flange 151. The inner ring of the outer bearing 154 is fixed to the core sleeve 152, and the outer ring is fixed to the corresponding slot plate 111 via a buckle cover 155. The transition flange 151 is installed between the chain drive motor 14 and a corresponding slot plate 111, and the buckle cover 155 is arranged outside the other slot plate 111.

[0029] In the present invention, the design of the inner bearing 153 and the outer bearing 154 greatly improves the rotation stability of the sprocket 13, ensuring that the rigid chain 12 can smoothly extend into the inner hole along a straight line.

[0030] The inner bearing 153 and the outer bearing 154 are common bearing structures in the art. Generally, a bearing comprises an inner ring and an outer ring, and the inner and outer rings are connected by balls.

[0031] like Figure 6 Preferably, a snap ring 1521 may be extended from the outer wall of the core sleeve 152, and the snap ring 1521 is used to be embedded in a slot 130 provided on one side of the sprocket 13 to improve the stability between the core sleeve 152 and the sprocket 13.

[0032] like Figure 4 The positioning plate 16 has a center hole 160. A guide cylinder 192 is fixed to the side of the positioning plate 16 facing the outlet of the winding guide groove 1111. One end of the guide cylinder 192 is fixed to the center hole 160 of the positioning plate 16 and the other end is suspended. The chain 12 extends into the guide cylinder 192 and is fixedly connected to the positioning rod 191. In addition, the side of the positioning plate 16 facing the outlet of the winding guide groove 1111 is connected to the chain box 11 through an elastic mechanism 18. Based on the elastic mechanism 18, the suspended end of the guide cylinder 192 will never contact the chain box 11. Usually, the positioning plate 16 is connected to the chain box 11 through two elastic mechanisms 18, and the two elastic mechanisms 18 are located on both sides of the guide cylinder 192.

[0033] like Figure 1 and Figure 2The elastic mechanism 18 includes a fixed block 183 fixed on the chain box 11, a telescopic rod 181 is telescopically provided on the fixed block 183, a spring 182 is sleeved on the telescopic rod 181, and one end of the telescopic rod 181 extending out of the fixed block 183 is fixedly connected to the positioning plate 16. The structure of the elastic mechanism 18 can also be designed in other forms without limitation. The design purpose of the elastic mechanism 18 is to achieve flexible contact of the positioning plate 16 at the inner hole opening to avoid hard collision.

[0034] like Figure 4 , a plurality of electromagnets 17 should be evenly distributed around the center hole 160 of the positioning disk 16. The control device controls the power on and off of the electromagnets 17. When the positioning disk 16 contacts the shaft workpiece and the center hole 160 of the positioning disk 16 is opposite to the inner hole opening, the electromagnets 17 are energized, so that the positioning disk 16 can be firmly adsorbed on the end face of the shaft workpiece. In this way, during the entire cleaning process, the positioning disk 16 ensures that the brush head 19 is always at the center axis position of the inner hole, ensuring the smooth cleaning.

[0035] Preferably, the outer circular edge of the positioning plate 16 facing the inner hole may be provided with an outwardly inclined guide angle (not shown in the figure). The purpose of designing the guide angle is that when the center hole 160 of the positioning plate 16 slightly deviates from the inner hole opening, the guide angle can correct the position of the positioning plate 16 so that the positioning plate 16 can be firmly positioned on the end face of the shaft workpiece, thereby ensuring that the center hole 160 is accurately aligned with the inner hole opening, so that the brush head 19 can smoothly enter and exit the inner hole.

[0036] In the present invention, the brush head 19 is preferably a nylon brush, which is strong, durable, has a strong cleaning ability, does not shed hair, does not cause secondary pollution, and can be used repeatedly compared to cloth. In addition, the brush head 19 is preferably detachably mounted on the mounting rod 193, so that the brush head 19 of different diameters can be easily replaced for inner holes of different diameters.

[0037] In actual implementation, a plurality of brush heads 19 can be installed on the mounting rod 193. The brush head 19 is in a lying cylindrical shape, and its diameter should be larger than the diameter of the inner hole to be cleaned (preferably larger than 3mm) to improve the cleaning power.

[0038] like Figure 1 and Fig. 9 , a dust box 82 is provided below the positioning disk 16. Specifically, the dust box 82 is located below the positioning disk 16 and the guide cylinder 192 to collect the dirt dropped from the guide cylinder 192.

[0039] The utility model relates to a shaft workpiece inner hole cleaning machine which can be designed as a fixed type or a mobile type.

[0040] When the shaft workpiece inner hole cleaning machine of the utility model is designed as a fixed type, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2The cleaning device 10 is fixed to the top of the lifting device 20 through the connecting plate 81. The lifting device 20 is installed on the front and rear adjusting device 30. The front and rear adjusting device 30 is fixed to the ground via the base 40, wherein: the lifting device 20 is used to fine-tune the height of the cleaning device 10, and the front and rear adjusting device 30 is used to adjust the distance between the cleaning device 10 and the inner hole opening of the shaft workpiece.

[0041] In the present invention, the lifting device 20 and the front-rear adjustment device 30 can be reasonably designed according to actual needs without limitation. Figure 1 and Figure 2 A preferred embodiment of the lifting device 20 and the front-rear adjustment device 30 is provided.

[0042] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 8 The lifting device 20 includes a base plate 21, on which two inner support plates 22 are vertically mounted, and linear rails 27 are vertically mounted on the outer sides of the two inner support plates 22, respectively. Vertical sliders 28 are slidably mounted on the linear rails 27, and the vertical sliders 28 are connected to the outer support plates 291. A top plate 292 is commonly mounted on the top of the outer support plates 291 on both sides, and the top plate 292 is used to connect with the cleaning device 10 via the connecting plate 81 (the outer support plate 291 can also be designed as a circle to surround the T-screw 24, the linear rail 27, the vertical slider 28, etc.), and a fixed horizontal Plate 23, a T-screw 24 is rotatably installed on the fixed horizontal plate 23, a hand wheel 26 is installed on the top of the T-screw 24, and the lower part of the T-screw 24 is connected to the vertical sliders 28 on both sides via T-nuts 25. Therefore, by slightly turning the hand wheel 26, the T-screw 24 is driven to rotate, and then the T-nut 25 is rotatably moved on the T-screw 24 in the up and down directions, and then the vertical slider 28 is driven to slide slightly on the linear track 27, so that the cleaning device 10 is driven to achieve fine adjustment in the up and down directions through the frame structure of the outer support plate 291 and the top plate 292, that is, the height of the brush head 19 is adjusted.

[0043] like Figure 1 and Figure 2The front-to-back adjustment device 30 includes a linear guide 35, on which a slider 36 is slidably mounted. The top of the slider 36 is connected to the lifting device 20. A front-to-back moving drive motor 31 is provided at one end of the linear guide 35, and the front-to-back moving drive motor 31 is connected to the control device. The output shaft of the front-to-back moving drive motor 31 is connected to one end of the ball screw 33 via a coupling 32. The other end of the ball screw 33 is rotatably mounted on the screw support block 34 via a bearing (not shown in the figure). The linear guide 35 is U-shaped and has a groove along its length. The ball screw 33 and the screw support block 34 are located in the groove. The ball screw 33 is connected to the slider 36 via a screw nut (not shown in the figure). Figure 2 Usually, two sliders 36 are designed on the linear guide 35, and the two sliders 36 are connected to the base plate 21 of the lifting device 20. In actual implementation, the ball screw 33 rotates under the drive of the forward and backward moving drive motor 31, and then the slider 36 is driven by the screw nut to slide along the forward and backward direction on the linear guide 35, thereby driving the lifting device 20 and the cleaning device 10 thereon to achieve forward and backward adjustment.

[0044] In order to prevent the slider 36 from escaping from the linear guide rail 35 , limit blocks may be provided at both ends of the linear guide rail 35 , which will not be described in detail.

[0045] When the utility model shaft workpiece inner hole cleaning machine is designed to be mobile, such as Fig. 9 The cleaning device 10 is fixed on the top of the front-rear, left-right adjusting device 50 through the connecting platform 83. The front-rear, left-right adjusting device 50 is installed on the height adjusting device 60. The height adjusting device 60 is arranged on the trolley 70, wherein: the trolley 70 is used to move the cleaning device 10 to the front of the inner hole of the shaft workpiece to be cleaned, the height adjusting device 60 is used to adjust the height of the cleaning device 10, and the front-rear, left-right adjusting device 50 is used to adjust the distance between the cleaning device 10 and the inner hole opening of the shaft workpiece and to adjust the left and right position of the cleaning device 10 along the left and right direction.

[0046] In the present invention, the front, rear, left, and right adjustment devices 50 and the height adjustment device 60 can be reasonably designed according to actual needs without limitation. Fig. 9 A preferred embodiment of the front, rear, left, and right adjustment device 50 and the height adjustment device 60 is provided.

[0047] like Fig. 9The height adjustment device 60 includes two pairs of legs 61 connected in a cross-connected manner, a rotating shaft 62 is connected between the intersections of the two pairs of legs 61, a bottom plate 63 is provided on the tops of the two pairs of legs 61, and the front and rear left and right adjustment device 50 is installed on the bottom plate 63, and the bottom plate 63 is controlled by a height drive cylinder (not shown in the figure). In actual implementation, the height drive cylinder controls the height of the bottom plate 63 by the cross movement of the two pairs of legs 61, thereby realizing the height adjustment of the front and rear left and right adjustment device 50 and the cleaning device 10 on the bottom plate 63.

[0048] like Fig. 9 The front, rear, left, and right adjustment device 50 includes a lower plate 51, which is fixed on the bottom plate 63 of the height adjustment device 60. A front and rear adjustment plate 53 is suspended and fixed on the lower plate 51, and a floating mechanism is installed on the front and rear adjustment plate 53. The floating mechanism includes an upper plate 52, and a plurality of pairs of upper rollers are rotatably installed on the top surface of the upper plate 52, each pair of upper rollers includes two upper rollers 56, and a plurality of pairs of lower rollers are rotatably installed on the bottom surface of the upper plate 52, each pair of lower rollers includes two lower rollers 55, and the lower rollers 55 do not contact the lower plate 51. The front and rear adjustment plates 53 are sandwiched between each pair of lower rollers, and a left and right adjustment plate 54 is sandwiched between each pair of upper rollers, and a connecting platform 83 is fixed on the left and right adjustment plates 54. Both side edges of the front and rear adjustment plates 53 and the left and right adjustment plates 54 are convexly provided with V-shaped ridges, and the wheel surfaces of the upper rollers 56 and the lower rollers 55 are concavely provided with V-shaped grooves. Therefore, each pair of lower rollers can be movably clamped on the front and rear adjustment plates 53 by means of the structure of the V-shaped grooves and the V-shaped ridges, and can drive the upper plate 52 and the left and right adjustment plates 54 and the connecting platform 83 thereon to move along the front and rear direction on the front and rear adjustment plates 53 (the length direction of the front and rear adjustment plates 53 is consistent with the front and rear direction), and the left and right adjustment plates 54 can be movably clamped between each pair of upper rollers by means of the structure of the V-shaped grooves and the V-shaped ridges, and can drive the connecting platform 83 thereon to move along the left and right direction (the length direction of the left and right adjustment plates 54 is consistent with the left and right direction), thereby realizing the front and rear, left and right adjustment of the cleaning device 10.

[0049] In order to prevent the floating mechanism from detaching from the front and rear adjustment plates 53, limit blocks (not shown in the figure) can be set at both ends of the front and rear adjustment plates 53. Also, in order to prevent the left and right adjustment plates 54 from detaching from the upper roller 56, limit blocks (not shown in the figure) can be set at both ends of the left and right adjustment plates 54. This will not be described in detail.

[0050] Figure 1 and Figure 2 The first embodiment of the utility model is shown, which is a fixed type. Fig. 9 The second embodiment of the utility model is shown, which is a mobile type. The biggest difference between the first embodiment and the second embodiment of the utility model is how to align the brush head 19 with the inner hole of the shaft workpiece to be cleaned, but the structure and working principle of the cleaning device 10 are basically the same, and the difference is:

[0051] First, the structure of the mounting seat 101 is different but the function is the same, both of which ensure stable operation during the cleaning process. The mounting seat 101 of the first embodiment of the utility model is located at the front lower part of the chain box 11 and is Z-shaped in the front-to-back direction, while the mounting seat 101 of the second embodiment of the utility model is located at the middle and lower part of the chain box 11. Of course, the structure of the mounting seat 101 can be reasonably and flexibly designed without limitation. Second, the respective positions of the fixing plate 102 and the elastic mechanism 18 and the relative positions of the two are different, of course, they are also not limited and can be reasonably designed according to needs. Correspondingly, the position of the chain 12 extending from the chain box 11 and the position of the associated structures such as the brush head 19 relative to the chain box 11 are different accordingly. This is a common modification and will not be described in detail here. Third, the installation position of the dust box 82 is different. The dust box 82 of the first embodiment of the utility model is connected and fixed to the connecting plate 81. The dust box 82 of the second embodiment of the utility model is connected and fixed to the chain box 11 through a connecting member (not shown in the figure).

[0052] In the present utility model, for the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the up-down, front-back, and left-right directions are defined. In the first embodiment, the length direction of the linear guide 35 is the front-back direction, the direction perpendicular to the front-back direction on the horizontal plane is the left-right direction, and the vertical direction is the up-down direction. In the second embodiment, the length direction of the front-back adjustment plate 53 is the front-back direction, the length direction of the left-right adjustment plate 54 is the left-right direction, and the vertical direction is the up-down direction. In other words, for example, when the first embodiment and the second embodiment of the utility model are placed in front of the inner hole of the hollow axle to be cleaned, the length direction of the long and thin inner hole is consistent with the front-back direction of the first embodiment and the second embodiment of the utility model, so the first embodiment and the second embodiment of the utility model adjust the distance between themselves and the inner hole opening in the front-back direction defined by them.

[0053] In the present invention, the control device may include a microprocessor, which is a well-known device in the art and will not be described in detail here. The above-mentioned driving motors may be servo motors, without limitation.

[0054] The following is an example of a hollow axle. When the utility model is used for the inner hole of a hollow axle of a railway vehicle (such as a high-speed train or a motor vehicle), the inner hole should be cleaned before flaw detection of the hollow axle.

[0055] like Figure 1 and Figure 2When cleaning the first embodiment of the utility model, the hollow axle is placed in front of the brush head 19 of the first embodiment of the utility model, and the inner hole is roughly opposite to the brush head 19. Then the height of the cleaning device 10 is fine-tuned by the hand wheel 26, so that the brush head 19 is opposite to the inner hole. Then the cleaning device 10 is moved in the front-to-back direction by controlling the forward and backward movement drive motor 31. Then the brush head 19 extends into the inner hole. Power is supplied to the electromagnet 17, and when the positioning plate 16 is close to the end face of the hollow axle, the positioning plate 16 is adsorbed on the end face of the hollow axle by the electromagnet 17 (the position of the positioning plate 16 is finely adjusted by the guide angle), and the positioning is achieved, so that the brush head 19 is automatically centered in the inner hole. Then the cleaning begins, and by controlling the chain drive motor 14, the chain 12 pushes against the brush head 19 and moves forward (the chain 12 extends out of the chain box 11), that is, the brush head 19 moves into the inner hole and wipes the inner hole wall. In practice, the moving length of the brush head 19 is set according to the length of the inner hole of the hollow axle. When it moves to the right position, the chain drive motor 14 is controlled in reverse, and the chain 12 moves in the opposite direction, driving the brush head 19 to move backward (the chain 12 retracts into the chain box 11), that is, the brush head 19 moves outside the inner hole and wipes the inner hole wall again. This process is repeated for at least three consecutive wipes of the inner hole of the hollow axle to complete the cleaning. The wiped dirt is carried out by the brush head 19 and falls into the dust box 82. When the cleaning is completed, the electromagnet 17 is powered off, the positioning plate 16 is separated from the end face of the hollow axle, and the brush head 19 is retracted to the initial position driven by the chain 12, and the chain 12 is reset and retracted into the chain box 11.

[0056] like Fig. 9 When cleaning, the second embodiment of the utility model is moved to the front of the inner hole of the hollow axle by the cart 70. The height of the cleaning device 10 is adjusted by controlling the height adjustment device 60, and the left and right positions of the cleaning device 10 are adjusted by manually controlling the positions of the left and right adjustment plates 54. At this time, the brush head 19 is opposite to the inner hole. Then, the cleaning device 10 is moved in the front-to-back direction by manually controlling the position of the floating mechanism by the front and rear adjustment plates 53, so that the brush head 19 extends into the inner hole. Power is supplied to the electromagnet 17. When the positioning plate 16 is close to the end face of the hollow axle, the positioning plate 16 is adsorbed on the end face of the hollow axle by the electromagnet 17 (the position of the positioning plate 16 is finely adjusted by the guide angle), and positioning is achieved. Then, the brush head 19 is automatically centered in the inner hole. Then, cleaning can begin. The cleaning process achieved by the cleaning device 10 is the same as that of the first embodiment of the utility model mentioned above, so it will not be repeated here. When the cleaning is completed, the electromagnet 17 is powered off, the positioning plate 16 is separated from the end face of the hollow axle, the brush head 19 is retracted to the initial position driven by the chain 12, and the chain 12 is reset and retracted into the chain box 11.

[0057] The advantages of the utility model are:

[0058] The utility model realizes automatic cleaning of the long and thin inner holes of shaft workpieces, which saves time and effort, reduces the labor of workers, ensures the cleaning effect, and ensures the accuracy of the subsequent flaw detection results. The utility model is suitable for cleaning the inner holes of long and thin shaft workpieces, especially the inner holes of hollow axles of railway vehicles.

[0059] The above are preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles used therein. For those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, any obvious changes such as equivalent transformation, simple replacement, etc. based on the technical solution of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shaft workpiece inner hole cleaning machine, characterized in that: The cleaning device comprises a chain box, a rigid chain, a positioning disk and a brush head, wherein: a coiled guide groove is provided in the chain box, the chain is embedded in the coiled guide groove, a chain driving mechanism is installed on the chain box, the chain driving mechanism is located at the exit position of the coiled guide groove and is connected to the chain at the exit position of the coiled guide groove, one end of the chain extending out of the chain box passes through the positioning disk without contact and is connected to the mounting rod via the positioning rod, the brush head is installed on the mounting rod, the positioning disk is elastically installed outside the chain box, an electromagnet is installed on the positioning disk, the electromagnet and the chain driving mechanism are connected to a control device; the chain can move back and forth along the coiled guide groove under the drive of the chain driving mechanism, so as to extend and retract relative to the positioning disk, thereby driving the brush head to make reciprocating linear motion in the inner hole of the shaft workpiece.

2. The inner hole cleaning machine for shaft workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chain box includes two slot plates arranged side by side, the slot plates are provided with the coiled guide slots, the inner side of the slot plates is provided with a sprocket assembly slot, the chain can be movably embedded between the coiled guide slots of the two slot plates through driving columns protruding on both sides of the chain, the sprocket assembly slot intersects with the exit position of the coiled guide slot, wherein: the chain driving mechanism includes a chain driving motor, the output shaft of the chain driving motor is connected to the sprocket, the sprocket is embedded in the sprocket assembly slot, and the sprocket engages with the chain at the position where the sprocket assembly slot intersects with the coiled guide slot.

3. The inner hole cleaning machine for shaft workpieces according to claim 2, characterized in that: The chain is a UC / MM type drag chain with cylinders protruding from both sides thereof as the driving columns, and the sprocket is a double-row sprocket.

4. The inner hole cleaning machine for shaft workpieces according to claim 2, characterized in that: The interval between adjacent parts inside and outside the coiled guide groove gradually increases from the inside to the outside, so as to facilitate the smooth retraction and extension of the chain and avoid the problem of being stuck.

5. The inner hole cleaning machine for shaft workpieces according to claim 2, characterized in that: The output shaft of the chain drive motor passes through the two slot plates and the sprocket, a core sleeve is fixed on the output shaft, the core sleeve is fixedly connected to the sprocket, inner bearings and outer bearings are provided on both sides of the sprocket, the inner ring of the inner bearing is fixed to the core sleeve and the outer ring is fixed to the corresponding slot plate via a transition flange, the inner ring of the outer bearing is fixed to the core sleeve and the outer ring is fixed to the corresponding slot plate via a buckle cover.

6. The inner hole cleaning machine for shaft workpieces according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The positioning plate has a center hole, and a guide cylinder is fixed on the side of the positioning plate facing the outlet position of the winding guide groove. One end of the guide cylinder is fixed to the center hole of the positioning plate and the other end is suspended. The chain extends into the guide cylinder and is fixedly connected to the positioning rod. The side of the positioning plate facing the outlet position of the winding guide groove is connected to the chain box through an elastic mechanism.

7. The inner hole cleaning machine for shaft workpieces according to claim 6, characterized in that: A dust collecting box is arranged below the positioning plate.

8. The inner hole cleaning machine for shaft workpieces according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cleaning device is fixed on the top of the lifting device, the lifting device is installed on the front and rear adjusting device, and the front and rear adjusting device is fixed to the ground via a base, wherein: the lifting device is used to fine-tune the height of the cleaning device, and the front and rear adjusting device is used to adjust the distance between the cleaning device and the inner hole opening of the shaft workpiece.

9. The inner hole cleaning machine for shaft workpieces according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cleaning device is fixed on the top of the front-rear, left-right adjusting device, the front-rear, left-right adjusting device is installed on the height adjusting device, and the height adjusting device is arranged on the trolley, wherein: the trolley is used to move the cleaning device to the inner hole of the shaft workpiece to be cleaned, the height adjusting device is used to adjust the height of the cleaning device, and the front-rear, left-right adjusting device is used to adjust the distance between the cleaning device and the inner hole opening of the shaft workpiece and to adjust the left and right position of the cleaning device along the left and right direction.

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