Biomass pyrolysis furnace
By designing a horizontal biomass pyrolysis furnace, the problem of high ash content in straw pyrolysis is solved by using inclined spiral conveying components and multiple air inlets, the problem of high ash content in straw pyrolysis is achieved, the pyrolysis is achieved, and the quality of the pyrolysis product is improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421396733.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-18
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-01
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-06-18
AI Technical Summary
The prior art has problems of high ash content and insufficient pyrolysis during the pyrolysis process of straw, which makes it difficult to separate ash in the pyrolysis gas and affects product quality.
A horizontal biomass pyrolysis furnace is designed, using an inclined screw conveying assembly and multiple air inlets, which extends the pyrolysis time and improves the pyrolysis efficiency, while making the biomass more fully pyrolysis through the material lifting baffle.
The pyrolysis of straw is achieved in full and uniform, the content of ash in the pyrolysis gas is reduced, and the quality of the pyrolysis product is improved.
Smart Images
Figure CN222700239U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of biomass pyrolysis, in particular to a biomass pyrolysis furnace. Background Art
[0002] At present, the main ways to utilize straw include mechanized crushing and returning to the field, straw fuel, straw pellet feed processing, and straw base material applications. However, except for mechanized crushing and returning to the field and straw pellet feed methods, other methods have problems such as low technical maturity, large investment, and complex process. The utilization rate of straw in mechanized crushing and returning to the field and straw feed applications is relatively low, and the disposal of large amounts of excess straw remains a problem.
[0003] Therefore, there is a large amount of straw piled up and burned in the fields, which has caused serious atmospheric pollution and is one of the causes of smog. Although many places have issued regulations prohibiting the burning of straw in the fields, the large amount of straw piled up will affect farming. Therefore, how to efficiently turn straw into treasure and solve the problem of comprehensive utilization of straw is an urgent issue.
[0004] The application of straw as fuel has also been a research topic, including the production of biochar, bio-crude oil, wood vinegar, biogas and other products after heat treatment of straw. Among them, calcination of straw is a way to prepare biochar. Biochar is obtained after calcination under low oxygen or anaerobic conditions for a period of time. The calcination temperature is generally between 260 and 380°C, so that the hemicellulose, lignin and other components in the straw are cracked and volatilized to obtain a stable solid carbon-rich product (carbon content greater than 60%). Calcination above this temperature range will cause the cellulose and other macromolecular substances in the straw to decompose rapidly, the volatile components will increase significantly, and the yield of biochar will be greatly reduced.
[0005] Bio-crude oil, wood vinegar, biogas and other products are obtained through straw pyrolysis. The existing straw pyrolysis is mostly based on the processing method of coal tar production. In large-scale equipment, the straw is rapidly heated to 750-900℃ for pyrolysis to produce small molecular pyrolysis gas. The generated pyrolysis gas is condensed step by step to obtain components such as bio-crude oil, wood vinegar, and biogas. However, the existing coal pyrolysis equipment generally uses a long-diameter vertical combustion furnace. The oil and gas with smaller molecular weight produced by pyrolysis in the vertical combustion furnace are easier to rush upward, while the oil and gas particles with larger molecular weight sink and circulate pyrolysis under the action of gravity, which can ensure that the coal is fully pyrolyzed. The oil and gas molecular particle size at the outlet of the combustion furnace is small, which is convenient for subsequent condensation into tar. However, the proportion of non-combustible ash in biomass such as straw, leaves, and branches is relatively high. If this type of combustion furnace is used, the small molecular ash produced by pyrolysis is also more likely to be mixed in the pyrolysis gas and rush upward, increasing the difficulty of separating the ash in the pyrolysis gas.
[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a biomass pyrolysis furnace suitable for straw, leaves, branches, etc. Utility Model Content
[0007] The utility model provides a biomass pyrolysis furnace, which has the effect of sufficient pyrolysis of straw and low ash content in the pyrolysis gas. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
[0008] A biomass pyrolysis furnace, comprising a pyrolysis chamber, wherein a feed port and an ash discharge port are respectively arranged at both ends of the pyrolysis chamber, a conveying assembly is obliquely arranged in the pyrolysis chamber, and the height of the conveying assembly near the feed port is lower than the height of the end near the ash discharge port; air inlets are arranged on the side walls on both sides of the pyrolysis chamber, and the height of the air inlets is higher than the conveying assembly; an exhaust port is arranged on the top of the pyrolysis chamber, and the exhaust port can discharge the biomass pyrolysis gas in the pyrolysis chamber.
[0009] Furthermore, the conveying assembly includes at least one screw conveying mechanism, and a material-lifting baffle is arranged on the screw conveying mechanism, and the material-lifting baffle can lift the biomass being conveyed on the screw conveying mechanism.
[0010] Furthermore, the spiral conveying mechanism includes a first conveying part and a second conveying part which are connected in sequence. The first conveying part is arranged close to the feeding port, and a material lifting baffle is arranged on the second conveying part.
[0011] Furthermore, the spiral conveying mechanism includes a spiral blade, and the material baffle is arranged on a side of the spiral blade facing the material inlet.
[0012] Furthermore, the spiral conveying mechanism includes a spiral blade, and the pitch of the spiral blade gradually decreases from an end close to the material inlet to an end close to the ash discharge outlet.
[0013] Furthermore, the pyrolysis chamber includes a first pyrolysis chamber, a second pyrolysis chamber and a third pyrolysis chamber connected in sequence, a first partition is arranged between the first pyrolysis chamber and the second pyrolysis chamber, a second partition is arranged between the second pyrolysis chamber and the third pyrolysis chamber, and the lower ends of the first partition and the second partition are spaced apart from the conveying component to form a channel for biomass transportation.
[0014] Furthermore, the exhaust port includes a first exhaust port and a second exhaust port, the first exhaust port and the second exhaust port are respectively arranged at the top of the second pyrolysis chamber and the third pyrolysis chamber, the first exhaust port is connected to the second exhaust port, and the second exhaust port is connected to the exhaust pipe.
[0015] Furthermore, the ash discharge port is connected to an ash storage hopper, which can store ash generated by biomass pyrolysis. An ash discharge screw is provided below the ash storage hopper, which can transport the ash in the ash storage hopper to the outside of the pyrolysis furnace.
[0016] Furthermore, a closed door is provided at the feeding port.
[0017] Furthermore, there are multiple air inlets, and the multiple air inlets are connected to the air duct, and the length direction of the air duct is parallel to the conveying component.
[0018] The biomass pyrolysis furnace of the utility model adopts a horizontal structure. Compared with the vertical pyrolysis furnace for coal, the pyrolysis products do not sink due to gravity and circulate pyrolysis, and the ash content is low. In addition, by providing a material raising baffle on the spiral conveying mechanism, the biomass can be raised to make the biomass pyrolysis more complete and uniform. In addition, by providing three pyrolysis chambers connected in sequence, the biomass pyrolysis time is extended, and the biomass pyrolysis is further fully achieved.
[0019] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the utility model. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the utility model, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the utility model more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the utility model are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] By reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiment below, various other advantages and benefits will become clear to those of ordinary skill in the art. The accompanying drawings are only used for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiment and are not considered to be limiting of the present invention. Moreover, the same reference symbols are used throughout the accompanying drawings to represent the same components. In the accompanying drawings:
[0021] Figure 1 It is a side cross-sectional schematic diagram of the biomass pyrolysis furnace of the utility model;
[0022] Figure 2 It is a top view and cross-sectional schematic diagram of the biomass pyrolysis furnace of the utility model;
[0023] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the screw conveying mechanism of the biomass pyrolysis furnace of the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0024] In order to better understand the purpose, function and specific design scheme of the utility model, a biomass pyrolysis furnace of the utility model is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0025] like Figure 1-3As shown, the biomass pyrolysis furnace provided by the utility model includes a pyrolysis chamber 1, wherein a feed port and an ash discharge port are respectively arranged at both ends of the pyrolysis chamber 1, and a conveying assembly 2 is obliquely arranged in the pyrolysis chamber 1, and the height of the conveying assembly 2 near the feed port is lower than the height near the ash discharge port. Such arrangement helps the pyrolysis gas to rise and be discharged. At the same time, the speed of the conveying assembly 2 can be adjusted to select a corresponding conveying speed for biomass of different sizes and types, thereby helping to improve the pyrolysis efficiency. For example, branches with large biomass volume and high density can be pyrolyzed at a relatively slow speed, while leaves or straw residues with small volume and low density can be pyrolyzed at a relatively fast speed. Biomass can enter the pyrolysis chamber 1 through the feed port for pyrolysis. The conveying assembly 2 drives the biomass to move in the pyrolysis chamber 1 for full pyrolysis. The ash produced by pyrolysis is transported to the ash discharge port through the conveying assembly 2 for discharge. Air inlets 3 are arranged on the side walls on both sides of the pyrolysis chamber 1. The height of the air inlet 3 is higher than the conveying assembly 2. The air inlet 3 can provide oxygen for the pyrolysis of biomass in the pyrolysis chamber 1. In this embodiment, there are multiple air inlets 3, and the multiple air inlets 3 are connected to the air duct 31. The length direction of the air duct 31 is parallel to the conveying assembly 2. An exhaust port is arranged on the top of the pyrolysis chamber 1. The exhaust port can discharge the biomass pyrolysis gas in the pyrolysis chamber 1 and transport it to the cooling device for cooling to generate humic acid.
[0026] Specifically, if Figure 3 As shown, the conveying assembly 2 includes at least one screw conveying mechanism 21, and the screw conveying mechanism 21 includes a spiral blade, and the pitch of the spiral blade gradually decreases from the end close to the feed inlet to the end close to the ash outlet to squeeze and crush the biomass. In addition, since the biomass is gradually pyrolyzed into ash through continuous pyrolysis, a large pitch is more convenient for pushing the biomass that is not completely pyrolyzed, and a small pitch is more suitable for pushing the ash after pyrolysis.
[0027] The spiral conveying mechanism 21 is provided with a material raising baffle 22. The biomass is conveyed and pyrolyzed on the spiral conveying mechanism 21 in the pyrolysis furnace. The material raising baffle 22 can raise the biomass conveyed on the spiral conveying mechanism 21 to make the biomass pyrolyzed more fully and more evenly. It is worth noting that the material raising baffle 22 is preferably arranged on the back of the spiral blade, that is, the side of the spiral blade facing the feed inlet. Such an arrangement can fully raise the biomass and improve the pyrolysis efficiency.
[0028] Preferably, the screw conveying mechanism 21 includes a first conveying part 23 and a second conveying part 24 connected in sequence, the first conveying part 23 is arranged close to the feed port, and the second conveying part 24 is provided with a lifting baffle 22, so that the biomass can be conveyed on the first conveying part 23 for a period of time before starting to be lifted, so as to avoid the biomass being blocked at the feed port.
[0029] The pyrolysis chamber 1 includes a first pyrolysis chamber 11, a second pyrolysis chamber 12 and a third pyrolysis chamber 13 connected in sequence. A first partition 14 is arranged between the first pyrolysis chamber 11 and the second pyrolysis chamber 12, and a second partition 15 is arranged between the second pyrolysis chamber 12 and the third pyrolysis chamber 13. The lower ends of the first partition 14 and the second partition 15 are spaced from the conveying assembly 2 to form a channel for biomass transmission. After the biomass enters the combustion furnace, it is first pyrolyzed in the first pyrolysis chamber 11, and a small amount of biomass can be transported to the second pyrolysis chamber 12 for pyrolysis. A small amount of biomass in the second pyrolysis chamber 12 can be transported to the third pyrolysis chamber 13 for pyrolysis. By setting the first pyrolysis chamber 11, the second pyrolysis chamber 12 and the third pyrolysis chamber 13, the pyrolysis time of the biomass can be extended, especially when a large amount of biomass is put into the furnace at one time, the biomass can be fully pyrolyzed.
[0030] It is worth noting that the exhaust port includes a first exhaust port 41 and a second exhaust port 42. The first exhaust port 41 and the second exhaust port 42 are respectively arranged at the top of the second pyrolysis chamber 12 and the third pyrolysis chamber 13. The first exhaust port 41 is connected to the second exhaust port 42, and the second exhaust port 42 is connected to the exhaust pipe 43. The exhaust pipe 43 can discharge the biomass pyrolysis gas in the pyrolysis chamber 1 and transport it to the cooling device for cooling to generate humic acid.
[0031] Preferably, valves 44 are provided on both the first exhaust port 41 and the second exhaust port 42 to flexibly select the first exhaust port 41 and / or the second exhaust port 42 to discharge the pyrolysis gas.
[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, a closed door 5 is provided at the feed inlet. When biomass is added, the closed door 5 is opened. When the biomass is pyrolyzed, the closed door 5 is in a normally closed state to prevent the pyrolysis gas from being discharged through the feed inlet. Preferably, a sensor is provided near the closed door 5. When biomass is added, the biomass approaches the closed door 5, and the closed door 5 automatically opens. After the biomass enters the pyrolysis chamber 1, the closed door 5 automatically closes.
[0033] The ash discharge port is connected to the ash storage hopper 6, which can store the ash generated by biomass pyrolysis. An ash discharge screw 61 is arranged below the ash storage hopper 6, which can transport the ash in the ash storage hopper 6 to the outside of the pyrolysis furnace. The ash discharge screw 61 is preferably connected to a granulator to perform granulation to form fertilizer.
[0034] The biomass pyrolysis furnace of the utility model adopts a horizontal structure. Compared with the vertical pyrolysis furnace for coal, the pyrolysis products do not sink due to gravity and circulate pyrolysis, and the ash content is low. In addition, by providing a material raising baffle 22 on the screw conveying mechanism 21, the biomass can be raised to make the biomass pyrolysis more sufficient and more uniform. In addition, by providing three pyrolysis chambers 1 connected in sequence, the biomass pyrolysis time is extended, and the biomass pyrolysis is further fully achieved.
[0035] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the utility model, rather than to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the utility model.
Claims
1. A biomass pyrolysis furnace, characterized in that: It includes a pyrolysis chamber, with a feed port and an ash discharge port respectively arranged at both ends of the pyrolysis chamber, a conveying assembly is obliquely arranged in the pyrolysis chamber, and the height of the conveying assembly near the feed port is lower than the height near the ash discharge port; air inlets are arranged on the side walls on both sides of the pyrolysis chamber, and the height of the air inlets is higher than the conveying assembly; an exhaust port is arranged on the top of the pyrolysis chamber, and the exhaust port can discharge the biomass pyrolysis gas in the pyrolysis chamber.
2. The biomass pyrolysis furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conveying assembly comprises at least one screw conveying mechanism, on which a material-lifting baffle is arranged, and the material-lifting baffle can lift up the biomass being conveyed on the screw conveying mechanism.
3. The biomass pyrolysis furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spiral conveying mechanism comprises a first conveying part and a second conveying part which are connected in sequence. The first conveying part is arranged close to the material inlet, and a material lifting baffle is arranged on the second conveying part.
4. The biomass pyrolysis furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spiral conveying mechanism comprises a spiral blade, and a material-removing baffle is arranged on a side of the spiral blade facing the material inlet.
5. The biomass pyrolysis furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spiral conveying mechanism comprises a spiral blade, and the pitch of the spiral blade gradually decreases from one end close to the material inlet to one end close to the ash discharge outlet.
6. The biomass pyrolysis furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pyrolysis chamber includes a first pyrolysis chamber, a second pyrolysis chamber and a third pyrolysis chamber which are connected in sequence. A first partition is arranged between the first pyrolysis chamber and the second pyrolysis chamber, and a second partition is arranged between the second pyrolysis chamber and the third pyrolysis chamber. The lower ends of the first partition and the second partition are spaced apart from the conveying component to form a channel for conveying biomass.
7. The biomass pyrolysis furnace according to claim 6, characterized in that: The exhaust port comprises a first exhaust port and a second exhaust port, the first exhaust port and the second exhaust port are respectively arranged at the top of the second pyrolysis chamber and the third pyrolysis chamber, the first exhaust port is connected to the second exhaust port, and the second exhaust port is connected to the exhaust pipe.
8. The biomass pyrolysis furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ash discharge port is connected to the ash storage hopper, which can store the ash generated by the pyrolysis of biomass. An ash discharge screw is arranged under the ash storage hopper, which can transport the ash in the ash storage hopper to the outside of the pyrolysis furnace.
9. The biomass pyrolysis furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: A closed door is provided at the feeding port.
10. The biomass pyrolysis furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are multiple air inlets, which are connected to air ducts, and the length direction of the air duct is parallel to the conveying component.