Automatic laser spot welding machine
By designing an automated clamping structure in a laser spot welding machine, and using the meshing of gears and racks to achieve relative motion of the clamp, the problem of replacing clamps in the prior art is solved, and the scope of application and production efficiency of the equipment are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421472099.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-25
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-08
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-06-25
AI Technical Summary
When existing laser spot welding machines deal with pressure vessels of different specifications, they need to replace the fixtures and re-commission, resulting in inefficient production efficiency.
An automatic laser spot welding machine is designed, using a three-axis robot and a clamping structure. The clamping structure realizes the relative movement of the clamping plate through the meshing of gears and racks, and can adapt to workpieces of different sizes and shapes without changing the clamp.
It realizes spot welding of pressure vessels of various sizes without changing fixtures, improving the scope of application and production efficiency of the equipment.
Smart Images
Figure CN222725777U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the field of laser welding, in particular to an automatic laser spot welding machine. Background Art
[0002] Laser spot welding machines use high-energy laser pulses to locally heat a small area of the material. The energy of the laser radiation diffuses into the material through heat conduction, melting the material to form a specific molten pool. Since no solder filling is required, the welding speed is high, the joints are reliable, the workpiece deformation is small, and the shape is beautiful, it is becoming more and more popular in the market.
[0003] Common pressure vessels are composed of heads and cylinders on both sides. Generally, the heads and cylinders on both sides are clamped by fixtures, and then spot welding is performed. However, the fixtures used in this working method can only cope with pressure vessels of one size. If you want to spot weld pressure vessels of other sizes, you need to replace the fixtures and re-debug the equipment, which requires preparing multiple sets of fixtures and consumes a lot of manpower, affecting production efficiency. Utility Model Content
[0004] The present application provides an automatic laser spot welding machine, which has the effect of being able to spot weld pressure vessels of various sizes without changing the clamp.
[0005] The automatic laser spot welding machine provided in this application adopts the following technical solution:
[0006] An automatic laser spot welding machine comprises a workbench, a three-axis manipulator and a laser welding gun, wherein the three-axis manipulator is fixed on the workbench, the laser welding gun is arranged on the three-axis manipulator vertically toward the workpiece, the three-axis manipulator is used to drive the laser welding gun to move along the XYZ axis of the three-axis manipulator, and further comprises a clamping structure, wherein one clamping structure is arranged on each side of the workbench, and two clamping structures are arranged opposite to each other;
[0007] The clamping structure includes a clamping platform, two clamping plates, two racks, a gear and a first motor. The clamping platform is slidably set on the workbench, the gear is vertically rotatably connected to the clamping platform, and one side end face of the gear is affixed to the clamping platform; the two racks are respectively vertically movable and set on both sides of the gear, the two racks are staggered up and down, and the two racks are meshed with the gear; the two clamping plates are respectively horizontally set on one end of the two racks, the two clamping plates are opposite to each other, and the clamping plates are used to abut against the head; the first motor is set in the clamping platform, and the output end of the first motor is set on the gear; when the first motor rotates the gear, the gear drives the rack to drive the clamping plates to move closer or farther away from each other.
[0008] Through the above technical solution, the clamping structure rotates the gear through the first motor, and then realizes the relative movement of the two clamps through the engagement of the gear and the rack to clamp or release the workpiece; this design makes the clamping structure have a certain versatility, and can adapt to workpieces of different sizes and shapes without changing the fixture, thereby improving the applicability of the equipment.
[0009] Preferably, two rotating drums and two second motors are also provided on the workbench, the two rotating drums are rotatably arranged below the cylinder body, the cylinder surfaces of the two rotating drums are attached to the cylinder surfaces on both sides of the cylinder body, and the output ends of the two second motors are respectively arranged on the two rotating drums.
[0010] Through the above technical solution, the second motor drives the rotating drum to rotate, thereby driving the workpiece to rotate, so as to facilitate the laser welding gun to process the entire workpiece.
[0011] Preferably, two electric cylinders are further arranged on the workbench, and the two electric cylinders are respectively arranged on the sides of the two clamping platforms away from the workpiece, and the telescopic rods of the electric cylinders are arranged toward the clamping platforms.
[0012] Through the above technical solution, the electric cylinder is used to drive the clamping platform to drive the clamped head toward or away from the cylinder, which simplifies the steps of manual adjustment and improves the degree of automation and production efficiency.
[0013] Preferably, it also includes a limiting structure, which is located below the cylinder and between the two rotating cylinders; the limiting structure includes two limiting plates, two cylinders, two sliders, two lead screws and two third motors; the two lead screws are rotatably connected to the workbench, and the two sliders are respectively movable on one lead screw along the length direction of the lead screw, and the slider is threadedly connected to the lead screw; the two cylinders are respectively arranged on a slider, and the telescopic rods of the cylinders are arranged upward, and the two limiting plates are respectively vertically arranged on the telescopic rod of a cylinder, and the limiting plates are used to abut against both sides of the cylinder.
[0014] Through the above technical solution, the position of the slider on the screw is adjusted so that the limit structure can be quickly adjusted according to cylinders of different sizes without manual adjustment, thereby improving the degree of automation; and the purpose of using the cylinder to lift the limit plate is to be able to lift the limit plate when the cylinder is needed, and to drop the limit plate when welding is required to avoid affecting the welding work.
[0015] Preferably, a travel switch is also provided on the limit plate, and the travel switch is located on the end of the limit plate facing the head; when the head abuts against the limit plate, the travel switch is triggered, and the travel switch controls the electric cylinder to suspend working, and the cylinder retracts the telescopic rod, and after the cylinder moves the limit plate away from the path where the head abuts against the cylinder body, the telescopic rod of the electric cylinder continues to extend a set distance.
[0016] Through the above technical solution, the travel switch ensures that the head is accurately stopped at a specific position, and then the travel switch automatically controls the suspension of the electric cylinder and the retraction of the telescopic rod of the cylinder through the program, and then pushes the set distance through the electric cylinder to make the head abut against the cylinder body, thereby realizing the automation of the entire head and cylinder abutment process, reducing welding errors caused by position deviations and preventing the electric cylinder from over-extending to damage the head and cylinder body.
[0017] Preferably, the workbench is further provided with a plurality of first guide rails, the plurality of first guide rails are arranged along the movable direction of the clamping platform, and the clamping platform slides on the workbench through the first guide rails.
[0018] Through the above technical solution, the design of the first guide rail allows the clamping platform to slide only along a predetermined path, thereby preventing the clamping platform from deflecting or shaking during movement, and ensuring the stability and accuracy of the clamping platform during movement.
[0019] Preferably, the clamping platform is further provided with a plurality of second guide rails, the plurality of second guide rails are arranged along the movable direction of the rack, and the rack slides on the clamping platform through the second guide rails.
[0020] Through the above technical solution, the design of the second guide rail allows the rack to slide only along a predetermined path, thereby preventing the rack from deflecting or shaking during movement, and ensuring the stability and accuracy of the rack during movement.
[0021] Preferably, a sponge cushion is provided on one side of the two clamping plates facing the head.
[0022] Through the above technical solution, the sponge cushion has the characteristics of softness and good elasticity, and can effectively buffer the pressure of the clamping plate on the head surface during the clamping process, thereby avoiding damage or scratches on the head surface due to over-tight clamping.
[0023] Preferably, a baffle is provided on the other end of the rack away from the clamping plate, and the baffle is used to abut against the gear.
[0024] Through the above technical solution, the baffle is designed to prevent the rack from falling off the gear and affecting subsequent use.
[0025] The technical effects of this utility model are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
[0026] 1. The utility model provides a clamping structure, and through the meshing of the gear and the two racks, the clamping structure has a certain versatility, and can adapt to workpieces of different sizes and shapes without changing the fixture, thereby improving the scope of application of the equipment;
[0027] 2. The utility model can quickly adjust the position of cylinders of different sizes by setting a limit structure, without manual adjustment, thus improving the degree of automation;
[0028] 3. The utility model realizes the automation of the abutment process between the head and the cylinder by arranging a travel switch on the side of the limit plate facing the head, reduces the welding error caused by position deviation, and prevents the electric cylinder from over-extending to damage the head and the cylinder. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present application;
[0030] Figure 2 In the embodiment of this application Figure 1 The enlarged schematic diagram of point A in the middle;
[0031] Figure 3 This is a partial structural diagram of the limiting structure in the embodiment of the present application;
[0032] Figure 4 In the embodiment of this application Figure 3 A magnified schematic diagram of point B in the middle.
[0033] Figure numerals: 1. workbench; 2. three-axis manipulator; 3. laser welding gun; 4. clamping structure; 41. clamping platform; 411. avoidance groove; 412. weight reduction groove; 42. splint; 421. sponge cushion; 43. rack; 431. baffle; 44. gear; 45. first motor; 5. rotating drum; 6. second motor; 7. electric cylinder; 8. limiting structure; 81. limiting plate; 811. travel switch; 82. cylinder; 83. slider; 84. screw; 85. third motor; 9. first guide rail; 10. second guide rail; 11. head; 12. cylinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0034] The following is combined with Figure 1-4 , the specific implementation methods of the utility model are further described in detail to make the technical solution of the utility model easier to understand and grasp.
[0035] The present application embodiment discloses an automatic laser spot welding machine:
[0036] Reference Figure 1-Figure 2 An automatic laser spot welding machine includes a workbench 1, a three-axis manipulator 2 and a laser welding gun 3. The three-axis manipulator 2 is fixed on the workbench 1. The laser welding gun 3 is fixed on the three-axis manipulator 2 vertically toward the workpiece. The three-axis manipulator 2 is used to drive the laser welding gun 3 to move along the XYZ axis of the three-axis manipulator 2. It also includes a clamping structure 4, one clamping structure 4 is provided on each side of the workbench 1, and the two clamping structures 4 are arranged opposite to each other.
[0037] The clamping structure 4 includes a clamping platform 41, two clamping plates 42, two racks 43, a gear 44 and a first motor 45. The clamping platform 41 is slidably arranged on the workbench 1, and the gear 44 is vertically rotatably connected to the clamping platform 41, and one side end face of the gear 44 is attached to the clamping platform 41. The two racks 43 are respectively arranged on both sides of the gear 44 for vertical movement, and the two racks 43 are arranged in an up-down offset manner, and the two racks 43 are meshed with the gear 44. The two clamping plates 42 are respectively horizontally fixed on one end of the two racks 43, and the two clamping plates 42 are arranged opposite to each other, and the clamping plates 42 are used to abut against the head 11. The first motor 45 is placed in the clamping platform 41, and the output end of the first motor 45 is arranged on the gear 44. A plurality of weight-reducing grooves 412 are also provided on the clamping platform 41, which are used to reduce the weight of the clamping platform 41 to facilitate pushing the clamping platform 41.
[0038] The clamping structure 4 rotates the gear 44 through the first motor 45, and then the gear 44 and the rack 43 are meshed to achieve the relative movement of the two clamping plates 42 to clamp or release the workpiece. This design makes the clamping structure 4 have a certain versatility, and can adapt to workpieces of different sizes and shapes without changing the clamp, thereby improving the scope of application of the device.
[0039] Reference Figure 1 Two rotating drums 5 and two second motors 6 are also arranged on the workbench 1. The two rotating drums 5 are rotatably arranged below the cylinder 12, and the cylinder surfaces of the two rotating drums 5 are attached to both sides of the cylinder surface of the cylinder 12. The output ends of the two second motors 6 are respectively arranged on the two rotating drums 5. The second motor 6 drives the rotating drum 5 to rotate, thereby driving the workpiece to rotate, so as to facilitate the laser welding gun 3 to process the workpiece as a whole. A friction layer can also be set on the rotating drum 5 to increase the friction between the rotating drum 5 and the cylinder 12.
[0040] Reference Figure 1 Two electric cylinders 7 are also fixed on the workbench 1. The two electric cylinders 7 are respectively located on the sides of the two clamping platforms 41 away from the workpiece, and the telescopic rods of the electric cylinders 7 are arranged toward the clamping platforms 41. The electric cylinders 7 drive the clamping platforms 41 to drive the clamped end cap 11 toward or away from the cylinder 12, which simplifies the steps of manual adjustment and improves the degree of automation and production efficiency.
[0041] Reference Figure 3-Figure 4, and also includes a limiting structure 8, which is located below the cylinder 12 and between the two rotating cylinders 5. The clamping platform 41 is also provided with an avoidance groove 411 for avoiding the limiting structure 8. The limiting structure 8 includes two limiting plates 81, two cylinders 82, two sliders 83, two lead screws 84 and two third motors 85. The two lead screws 84 are rotatably connected to the workbench 1, and the two sliders 83 are respectively movable on one lead screw 84 along the length direction of the lead screw 84, and the slider 83 is threadedly connected to the lead screw 84. The two cylinders 82 are respectively fixed on a slider 83, and the telescopic rod of the cylinder 82 is arranged to face upward. The two limiting plates 81 are respectively vertically fixed on the telescopic rod of one cylinder 82, and the limiting plates 81 are used to abut on both sides of the cylinder 12. Adjusting the position of the slider 83 on the lead screw 84 allows the limiting structure 8 to be quickly adjusted according to the cylinders 12 of different sizes without manual adjustment, thereby improving the degree of automation; and the purpose of using the cylinder 82 to lift the limiting plate 81 is to be able to lift the limiting plate 81 when the cylinder 12 is needed to be limited, and to drop the limiting plate 81 when welding is required to avoid affecting the welding work. The limiting plate 81 is coated with a polytetrafluoroethylene coating to reduce the friction between the cylinder 12 and the head 11.
[0042] Reference Figure 3-Figure 4 A travel switch 811 is also fixed on the limit plate 81. The travel switch 811 is located on the end of the limit plate 81 facing the end cap 11. When the end cap 11 abuts against the limit plate 81, the travel switch 811 is triggered. The travel switch 811 triggers the written program to first control the electric cylinder 7 to stop working, and at the same time drives the cylinder 82 to retract the telescopic rod. After the cylinder 82 moves the limit plate 81 away from the path where the end cap 11 abuts against the cylinder 12, the telescopic rod of the electric cylinder 7 continues to extend the set distance. This distance should be the same as the thickness of the limit plate 81. The travel switch 811 ensures that the end cap 11 stops accurately at a specific position. The travel switch 811 then automatically controls the electric cylinder 7 to stop working and retract the telescopic rod of the air cylinder 82 through a program. The electric cylinder 7 then pushes the set distance to make the end cap 11 abut against the cylinder body 12, thereby automating the entire abutment process between the end cap 11 and the cylinder body 12, reducing welding errors caused by position deviations, and preventing the electric cylinder 7 from over-extending and damaging the end cap 11 and the cylinder body 12.
[0043] Reference Figure 1-Figure 3 A plurality of first guide rails 9 are also fixed on the workbench 1, and the plurality of first guide rails 9 are arranged along the moving direction of the clamping platform 41, and the clamping platform 41 slides on the workbench 1 through the first guide rails 9. The design of the first guide rails 9 enables the clamping platform 41 to slide only along a predetermined path, thereby preventing the clamping platform 41 from deflecting or shaking during the movement, and ensuring the stability and accuracy of the clamping platform 41 during the movement.
[0044] A plurality of second guide rails 10 are also fixed on the clamping platform 41, and the plurality of second guide rails 10 are arranged along the moving direction of the rack 43, and the rack 43 slides on the clamping platform 41 through the second guide rails 10. The design of the second guide rails 10 enables the rack 43 to slide only along a predetermined path, thereby preventing the rack 43 from deflecting or shaking during movement, and ensuring the stability and accuracy of the rack 43 during movement.
[0045] Reference Figure 1-Figure 2 A sponge cushion 421 is fixed on one side of the two clamping plates 42 facing the end cap 11. The sponge cushion 421 is soft and elastic, and can effectively buffer the pressure of the clamping plates 42 on the surface of the end cap 11 during the clamping process, thereby preventing the surface of the end cap 11 from being damaged or scratched due to over-tight clamping.
[0046] Reference Figure 1-Figure 2 A baffle 431 is fixed on the other end of the rack 43 away from the clamping plate 42, and the baffle 431 is used to abut against the gear 44 to prevent the rack 43 from falling off the gear 44 and affecting subsequent use.
[0047] Of course, the above are only typical examples of the present invention. In addition, the present invention may have many other specific implementations. Any technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention.
Claims
1. An automatic laser spot welding machine, comprising a workbench (1), a three-axis manipulator (2) and a laser welding gun (3), wherein the three-axis manipulator (2) is fixed on the workbench (1), the laser welding gun (3) is arranged on the three-axis manipulator (2) vertically toward the workpiece, and the three-axis manipulator (2) is used to drive the laser welding gun (3) to move along the XYZ axis of the three-axis manipulator (2), characterized in that: It also comprises a clamping structure (4), wherein one clamping structure (4) is arranged on each side of the workbench (1), and the two clamping structures (4) are arranged opposite to each other; The clamping structure (4) comprises a clamping platform (41), two clamping plates (42), two racks (43), a gear (44) and a first motor (45); the clamping platform (41) is slidably arranged on the workbench (1); the gear (44) is vertically rotatably connected to the clamping platform (41); one end surface of the gear (44) is attached to the clamping platform (41); the two racks (43) are respectively vertically movable and arranged on both sides of the gear (44); the two racks (43) are staggered up and down; the two racks (43) meshes with the gear (44); the two clamps (42) are respectively arranged horizontally on one end of the two racks (43), the two clamps (42) are arranged opposite to each other, and the clamps (42) are used to abut against the head (11); the first motor (45) is arranged in the clamping platform (41), and the output end of the first motor (45) is arranged on the gear (44); when the first motor (45) rotates the gear (44), the gear (44) drives the rack (43) to drive the clamps (42) to move closer to or away from each other.
2. The automatic laser spot welding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The workbench (1) is also provided with two rotating drums (5) and two second motors (6); the two rotating drums (5) are rotatably arranged below the cylinder body (12); the cylinder surfaces of the two rotating drums (5) are in contact with both sides of the cylinder surface of the cylinder body (12); and the output ends of the two second motors (6) are respectively arranged on the two rotating drums (5).
3. The automatic laser spot welding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The workbench (1) is also provided with two electric cylinders (7), which are respectively arranged on one side of two clamping platforms (41) away from the workpiece, and the telescopic rods of the electric cylinders (7) are arranged toward the clamping platforms (41).
4. The automatic laser spot welding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also comprises a limiting structure (8), wherein the limiting structure (8) is located below the cylinder (12) and between the two rotating cylinders (5); the limiting structure (8) comprises two limiting plates (81), two cylinders (82), two sliders (83), two lead screws (84) and two third motors (85); the two lead screws (84) are rotatably connected to the workbench (1); the two sliders (83) are respectively movable on one lead screw (84) along the length direction of the lead screw (84); the slider (83) is threadedly connected to the lead screw (84); the two cylinders (82) are respectively arranged on one slider (83); the telescopic rod of the cylinder (82) is arranged upward; the two limiting plates (81) are respectively vertically arranged on the telescopic rod of one cylinder (82); and the limiting plates (81) are used to abut against both sides of the cylinder (12).
5. The automatic laser spot welding machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The limit plate (81) is also provided with a travel switch (811), and the travel switch (811) is located on one end of the limit plate (81) facing the end cap (11); when the end cap (11) abuts against the limit plate (81), the travel switch (811) is triggered, and the travel switch (811) controls the electric cylinder (7) to stop working, and the cylinder (82) retracts the telescopic rod; after the cylinder (82) moves the limit plate (81) away from the path where the end cap (11) abuts against the cylinder (12), the telescopic rod of the electric cylinder (7) continues to extend a set distance.
6. The automatic laser spot welding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The workbench (1) is also provided with a plurality of first guide rails (9), the plurality of first guide rails (9) being arranged along the movable direction of the clamping platform (41), and the clamping platform (41) slides on the workbench (1) via the first guide rails (9).
7. The automatic laser spot welding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping platform (41) is also provided with a plurality of second guide rails (10), the plurality of second guide rails (10) being arranged along the movable direction of the rack (43), and the rack (43) slides on the clamping platform (41) via the second guide rails (10).
8. The automatic laser spot welding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sponge cushion (421) is provided on one side of the two clamping plates (42) facing the sealing head (11).
9. The automatic laser spot welding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A baffle plate (431) is provided on the other end of the rack (43) away from the clamping plate (42), and the baffle plate (431) is used to abut against the gear (44).