A two-speed multi-purpose winch with a planetary gear train speed change mechanism

Abstract

The utility model discloses a two-speed multi-purpose winch with a planetary gear train speed change mechanism, which is composed of a planetary gear train speed change mechanism connected to a gear reduction mechanism. The winch can be switched between high and low speeds by changing the rotation speed of the inner gear ring by turning a handle. When the connecting rod is in position a, the slider, the inner gear ring and the stationary connecting frame can be regarded as the same component, the rotation speed is zero, and the winch is in low speed gear; when the connecting rod is in position b, the slider, the inner gear ring and the center wheel in the speed change mechanism can be regarded as the same component, the rotation speed is the same, and the transmission ratio of the speed change mechanism is 1 at this time, and the winch is in high speed gear. The gear reduction mechanism is composed of a fixed-axis gear train or a multi-stage planetary gear train and a fixed-axis gear train, and the output member is directly connected to a drum externally connected to the reducer housing. When the gear is switched, the meshing of the gears of the reduction mechanism does not change, and only the rotation speed of the inner gear ring in the speed change mechanism is changed, thereby solving the problems of complex structure and low transmission efficiency of the JSDB series two-speed multi-purpose winch.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to a double-speed transmission device, in particular to a double-speed multi-purpose winch with a planetary gear train speed change mechanism which is suitable for improving the JSDB series double-speed multi-purpose winch to complete laneway recovery of pillars or dispatching and hauling heavy objects and has the functions of a slow-speed pillar return winch and a high-speed dispatching and transporting winch. Background Art

[0002] At present, JSDB series double-speed multi-purpose winches are widely used in coal mines. Although they can complete the recovery of pillars or dispatching, pulling heavy objects in the tunnel, and have the functions of slow column return winch and fast dispatching and transport winch, they have the disadvantages of large footprint, heavy weight, large installation chamber, difficult moving, low efficiency, etc., due to the use of motor + multi-stage fixed-axis reducer + drum, multi-stage fixed-axis reducer, slow speed is composed of six pairs of fixed-axis gear meshing transmission, and fast speed is composed of four pairs of fixed-axis gear meshing transmission. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a double-speed multi-purpose winch with the advantages of small footprint, light weight, small installation chamber, convenient winch moving, high efficiency, etc. Summary of the invention

[0003] Technical problem: The purpose of the utility model is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a two-speed multi-purpose winch with a planetary gear train speed change mechanism that is compact in structure, easy to use and has good effects.

[0004] Technical solution: To achieve the above purpose, the utility model discloses a planetary gear train speed change mechanism dual-speed multi-purpose winch, including a motor, a coupling, a drum, and a left brake disc and a right brake disc arranged on the left and right side plates of the drum, and also includes three modes of "dual speed + fixed axis reduction", "dual speed + first-level planetary reduction + fixed axis reduction", or "dual speed + second-level planetary reduction + fixed axis reduction";

[0005] Mode 1: The "double-speed + fixed-axis reduction" mode includes a double-speed planetary gear train inside the drum and a fixed-axis gear train connected to the rear of the drum.

[0006] The two-speed planetary gear system includes a two-speed central shaft, a two-speed planetary gear set, a two-speed planetary carrier, a two-speed internal gear ring, a fixed frame, a slider, a connecting frame and a handle; the two-speed central shaft is a stepped shaft arranged in large, small and medium diameters, the large diameter shaft section is connected to the motor output shaft as a whole through a coupling, the medium diameter shaft section is a shaft gear, and part of the shaft gear is meshed with the outer gear ring of the two-speed planetary gear set; the slider is sleeved on the small diameter shaft section in the middle of the two-speed central shaft, a groove is provided on the outer circumference of the left side of the slider, an outer gear ring meshed with the inner gear ring on the left side of the two-speed internal gear ring is provided on the outer circumference of the right side of the slider, and an inner gear ring meshed with another part of the gear teeth of the two-speed central shaft is provided on the inner hole on the right side of the slider, the left end face of the fixed frame is fixed to the motor, and the right side is sleeved on the coupling through a bearing, and two positions a and b holes for fixing the handle are opened in the middle of the fixed frame; a towing hook hooked in the groove on the outer circumference of the left side of the slider is fixedly connected to the handle; the left end face of the connecting frame is connected to the right end face of the fixed frame The front part of the connecting frame is provided with a supporting plate fixedly connected to the left end of the winding drum through a second bearing set, and the supporting plate is supported on the connecting frame through a second bearing; the outer gear ring of the two-speed planetary gear set is meshed with the inner gear ring on the right side of the two-speed inner gear ring, and the two-speed inner gear ring is provided with a third bearing fixed to the connecting frame, and the two-speed planetary gear set is provided on the two-speed planetary carrier through a fourth bearing, and the right end of the two-speed planetary carrier is provided with a T-shaped connecting shaft connecting the two-speed planetary gear train and the fixed axis gear train together, and the right side of the T-shaped connecting shaft (26) is connected to the fixed axis The center wheel (27) is key-connected to form a "double-speed + fixed-axis reduction" mode; the motor is supported on the ground via the left bracket; when the winch is required to be in low-speed gear, the slider is moved to position a by the handle, the slider is engaged with the connecting frame and disengaged from the double-speed center shaft, and the speed of the double-speed internal gear ring is zero; when the winch is required to be in high-speed gear, the slider is moved to position b, the slider is engaged with the double-speed center shaft and disengaged from the connecting frame, and the speeds of the double-speed center shaft and the double-speed internal gear ring are the same;

[0007] Mode 2: The "double speed + primary planetary reduction + fixed shaft reduction" mode includes the "double speed + fixed shaft reduction" mode and a primary planetary gear train added between the "double speed + fixed shaft reduction" mode. The left side of the primary planetary gear train is connected to the double speed planet carrier, and the right side is connected to the left side of the T-shaped connecting shaft. The right side of the T-shaped connecting shaft is key-connected to the fixed shaft center wheel, forming the "double speed + primary planetary reduction + fixed shaft reduction" mode.

[0008] Mode 3: The "dual speed + secondary planetary reduction + fixed shaft reduction" mode includes the "dual speed + fixed shaft reduction" mode and a secondary planetary gear train added between the "dual speed + fixed shaft reduction" mode. The left side of the secondary planetary gear train is connected to the dual-speed planetary carrier, the right side of the secondary planetary gear train is connected to the left side of the T-shaped connecting shaft, and the right side of the T-shaped connecting shaft is keyed to the fixed shaft center wheel, forming the "dual speed + secondary planetary reduction + fixed shaft reduction" mode.

[0009] The fixed axis gear train comprises a fixed axis center wheel, a fixed axis idler wheel group, an idler wheel fixed axis, a fixed axis inner gear ring, a fixed axis, a second bearing cap and a housing; the fixed axis center wheel meshes with the fixed axis idler wheel group, the fixed axis idler wheel group is supported on the idler wheel fixed axis through a fifth bearing, the idler wheel fixed axis passes through the hole of the fixed axis, and is fixed to the fixed axis through a shoulder on the right side and a shaft on the left side by an elastic retaining ring; the shaft on the left side of the fixed axis is sealed and matched with the hole of the connecting frame, a gap is left between the hole on the left side and the shaft on the left side of the T-shaped connecting axis with a keyway, a second seal is installed at the gap, and the shaft on the right side of the fixed axis is circumferentially fixed to the hole of the right bracket through a key; the fixed axis inner gear ring meshes with the fixed axis idler wheel group, the left side is fixed to the right brake disc and the right side plate of the reel by screws and a sealing gasket is provided at the matching position, and the right side is fixed to the housing by screws and a sealing gasket is provided at the matching position; the housing is supported on the fixed axis through a sixth bearing, the second bearing cap is fixed to the housing by screws, a gap is left between the second bearing cap and the fixed axis, and a third seal is installed at the gap.

[0010] The first-stage planetary gear system added in the "dual speed + first-stage planetary reduction + fixed-axis reduction" mode includes a center wheel 1, a planetary wheel set 1, a bearing 7, a planetary carrier 1, and an internal gear 1; the center wheel 1 is meshed with the planetary wheel set 1, the planetary wheel set 1 is supported on the planetary carrier 1 through the bearing 7, and is meshed with the internal gear 1 processed on the connecting frame, and the shaft on the right side of the planetary carrier 1 is processed into a shaft with a keyway and is connected to the hole of the fixed-axis center wheel through a key.

[0011] The planetary gear system with two additional stages in the "dual speed + two-stage planetary reduction + fixed axis reduction" mode includes center wheel 2, planet wheel 2, bearing 8, planet carrier 2, and internal gear 2; the shaft on the right side of planet carrier 1 is processed into center wheel 2, center wheel 2 is meshed with planet wheel 2, planet wheel 2 is supported on planet carrier 2 through bearing 8, and is meshed with internal gear 2 processed on the connecting frame, and the shaft on the right side of planet carrier 2 is processed into a shaft with a keyway, which is connected to the hole of the fixed axis center wheel through a key.

[0012] In the "dual speed + fixed axis deceleration" mode, the number of teeth on the dual speed center axis is z a1 , the number of teeth of the two-speed internal gear ring is z b1 The double-speed center shaft is the input component with a speed of n a1 The two-speed planet carrier is the output component with a speed of n h1 .

[0013] In the fixed axis gear train, the number of teeth of the fixed axis center wheel and the fixed axis inner gear ring are z and a2 , z b2 , the speed of the fixed axis center wheel n a2 =n h1 The fixed shaft inner gear ring and the winding drum are the same output component with a speed of n b2The slider and the two-speed internal gear ring are always meshed. By turning the handle, the position a and position b are switched. When the handle is in position a, the slider is meshed with the connecting frame and disengaged from the two-speed center shaft. The speed of the two-speed internal gear ring is n b1 =0, the winch is in low speed gear, and the drum speed When in position b, the slider is engaged with the two-speed center shaft and disengaged from the connecting frame. The speeds of the two-speed center shaft and the two-speed internal gear ring are the same, that is, n a1 =n b1 At this time, the winch is in high gear and the speed of the drum is

[0014] In the first-stage planetary gear train of the "double-speed + first-stage planetary reduction + fixed-axis reduction" mode, the number of teeth on the center wheel is z a3 , the number of teeth of the internal gear z b3 , the center wheel is the input component, the speed n a3 =n h1 , the planet carrier is the output component, the speed n h3 =n a2 , when the winch is in low gear, When the winch is in high gear,

[0015] The number of teeth on the central wheel of the "dual speed + two-stage planetary reduction + fixed axis reduction" mode is z a4 , the number of teeth of internal gear 2 is z b4 , center wheel 2 is the input component, speed n a4 =n h3 , the planet carrier 2 is the output component, and its speed is n h4 =n a2 , when the winch is in low gear, When the winch is in high gear,

[0016] The fixed-axis gear train, the two-speed planetary gear train, the primary planetary gear train and the secondary planetary gear train all adopt oil lubrication.

[0017] The handle is movably matched with the holes at two positions a and b, and a sealing ring is arranged at the matching position.

[0018] Beneficial effect: Due to the adoption of the above technical scheme, the utility model adopts a transmission device of a two-speed multi-purpose winch with a planetary gear transmission speed change mechanism, and uses a speed reduction mechanism composed of a speed change mechanism, a 0-2-level planetary gear train and a fixed-axis gear train. By turning the handle to change the rotation speed of the inner gear ring in the speed change mechanism, the two-speed transmission is completed, and the switching of the high and low speed gears is realized. When the connecting rod is in position a, the slider, the inner gear ring and the stationary connecting frame can be regarded as the same component, the rotation speed is zero, and the winch is in low speed gear; when the connecting rod is in position b, the slider, the inner gear ring and the center wheel in the speed change mechanism can be regarded as the same component, the rotation speed is the same, and the transmission ratio of the speed change mechanism is 1 at this time, and the winch is in high speed gear. The gear reduction mechanism is composed of a fixed-axis gear train or a multi-stage planetary gear train and a fixed-axis gear train. The output member is directly connected to the drum externally connected to the reducer housing. The gear meshing of the speed reduction mechanism does not change when the gear is switched. Only by changing the rotation speed of the inner gear ring in the speed change mechanism, the shortcomings of the JSDB series two-speed multi-purpose winch, such as complex structure and low transmission efficiency, are solved. It has the advantages of simple structure and small footprint. By utilizing the symmetry of the planetary gear structure, it can share the effective circumferential load and offset harmful radial loads and inertia forces. It has the advantages of compact structure and strong resistance to impact and vibration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a two-speed winch with a "two-speed + fixed-axis reduction" mode.

[0020] Figure 2 It is a two-speed winch with the mode of "two-speed + one-stage planetary reduction + fixed-axis reduction".

[0021] Figure 3 It is a two-speed winch with the mode of "two-speed + two-stage planetary reduction + fixed-axis reduction".

[0022] In the figure: 1-motor; 2-coupling; 3-bearing 1; 4-handle; 5-drag hook; 6-seal 1; 7-bearing cover 1; 8-support plate; 9-bearing 2; 10-bearing 3; 11-bearing 4; 12-reel; 13-bearing 5; 14-housing; 15-bearing 6; 16-right bracket; 17-left bracket; 18-fixed bracket; 19-slider; 20-connecting bracket; 21-dual-speed inner gear ring; 22-dual-speed center shaft; 23-dual-speed planetary gear set; 24-dual-speed planetary carrier; 25 Seal 2; 26-T-shaped connecting shaft; 27-fixed axis center wheel; 28-1 left brake disc; 28-2 right brake disc; 29-fixed axis idler wheel set; 30-idler wheel fixed axis; 31-fixed axis inner gear ring; 32-fixed axis; 33-bearing cover 2; 34-seal 3; 35-center wheel 1; 36-planetary wheel set 1; 37-bearing 7; 38-planet carrier 1; 39-internal gear 1; 40-center wheel 2; 41-planetary wheel 2; 42 bearing 8; 43-planet carrier 2; 44-internal gear 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments in the accompanying drawings:

[0024] Embodiment 1: Figure 1As shown, a two-speed multi-purpose winch with a planetary gear train speed change mechanism comprises a motor (1), a coupling (2), a drum (12), a left brake disc (28-1), a right brake disc (28-2) and a "two-speed + fixed-axis reduction" mode arranged on the left and right side plates of the drum (12); the "two-speed + fixed-axis reduction" mode comprises a two-speed planetary gear train arranged in the drum (12) and a fixed-axis gear train connected to the rear of the drum (12); the two-speed planetary gear train comprises a two-speed central shaft (22), a two-speed planetary gear set (23), a two-speed planetary carrier (24), a two-speed internal gear ring (21), a fixed frame (18), a slider (19), a connecting frame (20) and a handle (4); the two-speed central shaft (22) is a stepped shaft arranged in large, small and medium diameters, and the large diameter shaft section is connected to the output of the motor (1) through the coupling (2). The shaft is connected as one, the middle diameter shaft section is a shaft gear, and part of the shaft gear is meshed with the inner gear ring of the two-speed planetary gear set (23); the slider (19) is sleeved on the small diameter shaft section in the middle of the two-speed central shaft (22), a groove is provided on the outer circumference of the left side of the slider (19), an outer gear ring is provided on the outer circumference of the right side of the slider (19) to mesh with the inner gear ring on the left side of the two-speed inner gear ring (21), and the inner hole on the right side of the slider (19) is provided with an inner gear ring that can mesh with another part of the gear teeth of the two-speed central shaft (22); the left end face of the fixed frame (18) is fixed on the motor (1), and the right side is sleeved on the coupling (2) through a bearing (3); the middle part of the fixed frame (18) is provided with two holes at positions a and b for fixing the handle (4); the handle (4) is movably matched with the two holes at positions a and b, and a sealing ring is provided at the matching position.The handle (4) is fixedly connected with a towing hook (5) hooked in the outer circumferential groove on the left side of the slider (19); the left end surface of the connecting frame (20) is connected to the right end surface of the fixing frame (18); the front part of the connecting frame (20) is provided with a supporting plate (8) fixedly connected to the left end of the reel (12) via the second bearing (9); the supporting plate (8) is supported on the connecting frame (20) via the second bearing (9); the outer gear ring of the two-speed planetary gear set (23) is connected to the The two-speed internal gear ring (21) is meshed with the internal gear ring on the right side, and the two-speed internal gear ring (21) is provided with a bearing three (10) fixed on the connecting frame (20), and the two-speed planetary gear set (23) is arranged on the two-speed planetary carrier (24) via a bearing four (11), and the right end of the two-speed planetary carrier (24) is provided with a T-shaped connecting shaft (26) for connecting the two-speed planetary gear train and the fixed axis gear train together, and the right side of the T-shaped connecting shaft (26) is key-connected with the fixed axis center wheel (27), The "double speed + fixed axis deceleration" mode is formed; the motor (1) is supported on the ground via the left bracket (17); when the winch is required to be in low speed gear for work, the slider (19) is moved to position a by the handle (4), the slider (19) is engaged with the connecting frame (20) and disengaged from the double speed central shaft (22), at which time the speed of the double speed internal gear ring (21) is zero, and the winch is in low speed gear; when the winch is required to be in high speed gear for work, the slider (19) is moved to position b , the slider (19) is meshed with the two-speed center shaft (22) and disengaged from the connecting frame (20). At this time, the rotation speeds of the two-speed center shaft (22) and the two-speed inner gear ring (21) are the same, and the winch is in high gear; the shaft on the right side of the two-speed planetary carrier 24 is processed into a shaft 26 with a keyway and is connected to the hole of the fixed axis center wheel 27 through a key, forming a "two-speed + fixed axis reduction" mode; in the "two-speed + fixed axis reduction" mode, the number of teeth of the two-speed center shaft (22) is z. a1 , the number of teeth of the two-speed internal gear ring (21) is z b1 The double-speed center shaft (22) is the input component with a rotation speed of n a1 The two-speed planet carrier (24) is an output member with a rotational speed of n h1 .

[0025] The fixed-axis gear train comprises a fixed-axis center wheel (27), a fixed-axis idler wheel group (29), an idler wheel fixed shaft (30), a fixed-axis inner gear ring (31), a fixed shaft (32), a second bearing cover (33) and a housing (14); the fixed-axis center wheel (27) meshes with the fixed-axis idler wheel group (29); the fixed-axis idler wheel group (29) is supported on the idler wheel fixed shaft (30) through a fifth bearing (13); the idler wheel fixed shaft (30) passes through a hole in the fixed shaft (32), is fixed to the fixed shaft (32) through a shaft shoulder on the right side and a shaft elastic retaining ring on the left side; the shaft on the left side of the fixed shaft (32) is sealed with a hole in a connecting frame (20), and the hole on the left side is connected to the shaft on the left side of a T-shaped connecting shaft (26) with a keyway. A gap is left between the fixed shaft (32), and a seal 2 (25) is installed in the gap. The shaft on the right side of the fixed shaft (32) is circumferentially fixed to the hole of the right bracket (16) by a key; the fixed shaft inner gear ring (31) is meshed with the fixed shaft idler gear set (29), and the left side is fixed to the right brake disc (28-2) and the right side plate of the reel (12) by screws and a seal is provided at the matching position, and the right side is fixed to the housing (14) by screws and a seal is provided at the matching position; the housing (14) is supported on the fixed shaft (32) by a bearing 6 (15), and the bearing cover 2 (33) is fixed to the housing (14) by screws. A gap is left between the bearing cover 2 (33) and the fixed shaft (32), and a seal 3 (34) is installed in the gap.

[0026] In the fixed-axis gear train, the number of teeth of the fixed-axis center wheel (27) and the fixed-axis inner gear ring (31) are respectively z a2 , z b2 , the rotation speed n of the fixed axis center wheel (27) a2 =n h1 The fixed shaft inner gear ring (31) and the winding drum (12) are the same output member with a rotation speed of n b2 The slider (19) and the two-speed internal gear ring (21) are always meshed, and the position a and the position b are switched by toggling the handle (4). When the handle (4) is in position a, the slider (19) is meshed with the connecting frame (20) and disengaged from the two-speed central shaft (22), and the speed of the two-speed internal gear ring (21) is n. b1 = 0, the winch is in low speed gear, and the speed of the drum (12) When in position b, the slider (19) is meshed with the two-speed center shaft (22) and disengaged from the connecting frame (20), and the speeds of the two-speed center shaft (22) and the two-speed internal gear ring (21) are the same, that is, n a1 =n b1 At this time, the winch is in high gear, and the speed of the drum (12)

[0027] Embodiment 2: Figure 2As shown, a two-speed multi-purpose winch with a planetary gear train speed change mechanism comprises a motor (1), a coupling (2), a drum (12), a left brake disc (28-1), a right brake disc (28-2) and a "two-speed + one-stage planetary reduction + fixed-axis reduction" mode arranged on the left and right side plates of the drum (12); the "two-speed + one-stage planetary reduction + fixed-axis reduction" mode comprises a "two-speed + fixed-axis reduction" mode and a one-stage planetary gear train additionally arranged between the "two-speed + fixed-axis reduction" mode, the left side of the one-stage planetary gear train is connected to the two-speed planetary carrier (24), the right side is connected to the left side of a T-shaped connecting shaft (26), the right side of the T-shaped connecting shaft (26) is keyed to a fixed-axis center wheel (27) The first-stage planetary gear system added in the "double-speed + first-stage planetary gear reduction + fixed-axis gear reduction" mode includes a center wheel (35), a planetary gear set (36), a bearing (37), a planetary carrier (38), and an internal gear (39); the center wheel (35) is meshed with the planetary gear set (36), the planetary gear set (36) is supported on the planetary carrier (38) through the bearing (37), and is meshed with the internal gear (39) processed on the connecting frame (20), and the shaft (26) on the right side of the planetary carrier (38) is processed into a shaft with a keyway and is connected to the hole of the fixed-axis center wheel (27) through a key. The same parts as the first embodiment are omitted.

[0028] In the first stage planetary gear train of the "double speed + first stage planetary reduction + fixed axis reduction" mode, the number of teeth of the center wheel 1 (35) is z a3 , the number of teeth z of the internal gear 1 (39) b3 , the center wheel 1 (35) is the input component, the speed n a3 =n h1 , planet carrier 1 (38) is the output component, speed n h3 =n a2 , when the winch is in low gear, When the winch is in high gear,

[0029] Embodiment 3: Figure 3As shown, a two-speed multi-purpose winch with a planetary gear train speed change mechanism comprises a motor (1), a coupling (2), a drum (12), a left brake disc (28-1), a right brake disc (28-2) and a "two-speed + two-stage planetary reduction + fixed-axis reduction" mode arranged on the left and right side plates of the drum (12); the "two-speed + two-stage planetary reduction + fixed-axis reduction" mode comprises a "two-speed + fixed-axis reduction" mode and a two-stage planetary gear train additionally arranged between the "two-speed + fixed-axis reduction" mode, the left side of the two-stage planetary gear train is connected to the two-speed planet carrier (24), the right side of the two-stage planetary gear train is connected to the left side of a T-shaped connecting shaft (26), and the right side of the T-shaped connecting shaft (26) is key-connected to a fixed-axis center wheel (27), forming a "two-speed + two-stage planetary reduction + fixed-axis reduction" mode. The planetary gear system with two additional stages in the "double speed + two-stage planetary reduction + fixed axis reduction" mode includes a center wheel 2 (40), a planet wheel 2 (41), a bearing 8 (42), a planet carrier 2 (43), and an internal gear 2 (44); the shaft on the right side of the planet carrier 1 (38) is processed into a center wheel 2 (40), the center wheel 2 (40) is meshed with the planet wheel 2 (41), the planet wheel 2 (41) is supported on the planet carrier 2 (43) through the bearing 8 (42), and is meshed with the internal gear 2 (44) processed on the connecting frame (20), the shaft on the right side of the planet carrier 2 (43) is processed into a shaft (26) with a keyway and is connected to the hole of the fixed axis center wheel (27) through a key. The same parts as the first embodiment are omitted.

[0030] The number of teeth of the center wheel 2 (40) in the "double speed + two-stage planetary reduction + fixed axis reduction" mode is z a4 , the number of teeth of internal gear 2 (44) is z b4 , center wheel 2 (40) is the input component, the speed n a4 =n h3 , planet carrier 2 (43) is the output component, and its speed is n h4 =n a2 , when the winch is in low gear, When the winch is in high gear,

[0031] The fixed-axis gear train, the two-speed planetary gear train, the primary planetary gear train and the secondary planetary gear train all adopt oil lubrication.

Claims

1. A planetary gear train speed change mechanism dual-speed multipurpose winch, comprising a motor (1), a coupling (2), a drum (12), and a left brake disc (28-1) and a right brake disc (28-2) provided on left and right side plates of the drum (12), characterized in that: It also includes three modes: "double speed + fixed axis reduction", "double speed + first-stage planetary reduction + fixed axis reduction", or "double speed + second-stage planetary reduction + fixed axis reduction"; Mode 1: The "double-speed + fixed-axis deceleration" mode includes a double-speed planetary gear train arranged in the reel (12) and a fixed-axis gear train connected to the rear of the reel (12); The two-speed planetary gear train comprises a two-speed central shaft (22), a two-speed planetary gear set (23), a two-speed planetary carrier (24), a two-speed inner gear ring (21), a fixed frame (18), a slider (19), a connecting frame (20) and a handle (4); the two-speed central shaft (22) is a stepped shaft arranged in large, small and medium diameters, the large diameter shaft section is connected to the output shaft of the motor (1) through a coupling (2), the medium diameter shaft section is a shaft gear, and part of the shaft gear is meshed with the outer gear ring of the two-speed planetary gear set (23); The slider (19) is sleeved on the small diameter shaft section in the middle of the double-speed center shaft (22), a groove is provided on the outer circumference of the left side of the slider (19), an outer gear ring is provided on the outer circumference of the right side of the slider (19) to mesh with the left inner gear ring of the double-speed inner gear ring (21), and an inner hole on the right side of the slider (19) is provided with an inner gear ring that can mesh with another part of the gear teeth of the double-speed center shaft (22), the left end face of the fixed frame (18) is fixed on the motor (1), and the right side is sleeved on the coupling (2) through the bearing 1 (3), and the fixed frame (18) is fixed on the motor (1). The fixed frame (18) is provided with two holes at positions a and b for fixing the handle (4); the handle (4) is fixedly connected with a towing hook (5) hooked in a groove on the outer circumference of the left side of the slider (19); the left end surface of the connecting frame (20) is connected to the right end surface of the fixed frame (18); the front part of the connecting frame (20) is provided with a supporting plate (8) fixedly connected to the left end of the reel (12) via a second bearing (9); the supporting plate (8) is supported on the connecting frame (20) via a second bearing (9); the dual-speed planetary gear set ( The outer gear ring of the two-speed internal gear ring (23) meshes with the inner gear ring on the right side of the two-speed internal gear ring (21); the two-speed internal gear ring (21) is provided with a bearing three (10) fixed on the connecting frame (20); the two-speed planetary gear set (23) is provided on the two-speed planetary carrier (24) via a bearing four (11); the right end of the two-speed planetary carrier (24) is provided with a T-shaped connecting shaft (26) for connecting the two-speed planetary gear train and the fixed-axis gear train together; the right side of the T-shaped connecting shaft (26) is key-connected with the fixed-axis center wheel (27), thereby forming a "two-speed + fixed-axis reduction" mode; the motor (1) is supported on the ground via the left bracket (17); when the winch is required to be in low speed gear, the slider (19) is moved to position a by the handle (4), the slider (19) is engaged with the connecting frame (20) and disengaged from the two-speed central shaft (22), and the rotation speed of the two-speed internal gear ring (21) is zero; when the winch is required to be in high speed gear, the slider (19) is moved to position b, the slider (19) is engaged with the two-speed central shaft (22) and disengaged from the connecting frame (20), and the rotation speeds of the two-speed central shaft (22) and the two-speed internal gear ring (21) are the same; Mode 2: The "double speed + primary planetary reduction + fixed shaft reduction" mode includes the "double speed + fixed shaft reduction" mode and a primary planetary gear train added between the "double speed + fixed shaft reduction" mode, wherein the left side of the primary planetary gear train is connected to the double speed planet carrier (24), and the right side is connected to the left side of the T-shaped connecting shaft (26), and the right side of the T-shaped connecting shaft (26) is key-connected to the fixed shaft center wheel (27), forming the "double speed + primary planetary reduction + fixed shaft reduction" mode; Mode 3: The "dual speed + two-stage planetary reduction + fixed shaft reduction" mode includes the "dual speed + fixed shaft reduction" mode and a two-stage planetary gear train added between the "dual speed + fixed shaft reduction" mode, wherein the left side of the two-stage planetary gear train is connected to the two-speed planetary carrier (24), the right side of the two-stage planetary gear train is connected to the left side of the T-shaped connecting shaft (26), and the right side of the T-shaped connecting shaft (26) is key-connected to the fixed shaft center wheel (27), forming the "dual speed + two-stage planetary reduction + fixed shaft reduction" mode.

2. A two-speed multi-purpose winch with a planetary gear train speed change mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed-axis gear train comprises a fixed-axis center wheel (27), a fixed-axis idler wheel group (29), an idler wheel fixed shaft (30), a fixed-axis inner gear ring (31), a fixed shaft (32), a second bearing cover (33) and a housing (14); the fixed-axis center wheel (27) meshes with the fixed-axis idler wheel group (29); the fixed-axis idler wheel group (29) is supported on the idler wheel fixed shaft (30) through a fifth bearing (13); the idler wheel fixed shaft (30) passes through a hole in the fixed shaft (32), is fixed to the fixed shaft (32) through a shaft shoulder on the right side and a shaft elastic retaining ring on the left side; the shaft on the left side of the fixed shaft (32) is sealed with a hole in a connecting frame (20), and the hole on the left side is connected to the shaft on the left side of a T-shaped connecting shaft (26) with a keyway. A gap is left between the fixed shaft (32), and a seal 2 (25) is installed in the gap. The shaft on the right side of the fixed shaft (32) is circumferentially fixed to the hole of the right bracket (16) by a key; the fixed shaft inner gear ring (31) is meshed with the fixed shaft idler gear set (29), and the left side is fixed to the right brake disc (28-2) and the right side plate of the reel (12) by screws and a seal is provided at the matching position, and the right side is fixed to the housing (14) by screws and a seal is provided at the matching position; the housing (14) is supported on the fixed shaft (32) by a bearing 6 (15), and the bearing cover 2 (33) is fixed to the housing (14) by screws. A gap is left between the bearing cover 2 (33) and the fixed shaft (32), and a seal 3 (34) is installed in the gap.

3. A two-speed multi-purpose winch with a planetary gear train speed change mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first-stage planetary gear system added in the "dual-speed + first-stage planetary reduction + fixed-axis reduction" mode includes a center wheel (35), a planetary wheel set (36), a bearing (37), a planetary carrier (38), and an internal gear (39); the center wheel (35) is meshed with the planetary wheel set (36), the planetary wheel set (36) is supported on the planetary carrier (38) through the bearing (37), and is meshed with the internal gear (39) processed on the connecting frame (20); the shaft on the right side of the planetary carrier (38) is processed into a shaft (26) with a keyway and is connected to the hole of the fixed-axis center wheel (27) through a key.

4. A two-speed multi-purpose winch with a planetary gear train speed change mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planetary gear system with two additional stages in the "dual speed + two-stage planetary reduction + fixed axis reduction" mode comprises a second center wheel (40), a second planetary wheel (41), an eighth bearing (42), a second planetary carrier (43), and a second internal gear (44); the shaft on the right side of the first planetary carrier (38) is processed into the second center wheel (40), the second center wheel (40) is meshed with the second planetary wheel (41), the second planetary wheel (41) is supported on the second planetary carrier (43) through the eighth bearing (42), and is meshed with the second internal gear (44) processed on the connecting frame (20); the shaft on the right side of the second planetary carrier (43) is processed into a shaft (26) with a keyway and is connected to the hole of the fixed axis center wheel (27) through a key.

5. A two-speed multi-purpose winch with a planetary gear train speed change mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the "double speed + fixed axis deceleration" mode, the number of teeth of the double speed center shaft (22) is z a1 , the number of teeth of the two-speed internal gear ring (21) is z b1 The double-speed center shaft (22) is the input component with a rotation speed of n a1 The two-speed planet carrier (24) is an output member with a rotational speed of n h1 .

6. A two-speed multi-purpose winch with a planetary gear train speed change mechanism according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In the fixed-axis gear train, the number of teeth of the fixed-axis center wheel (27) and the fixed-axis inner gear ring (31) are respectively z a2 , z b2 , the rotation speed n of the fixed axis center wheel (27) a2 =n h1 The fixed shaft inner gear ring (31) and the winding drum (12) are the same output member with a rotation speed of n b2 The slider (19) and the two-speed internal gear ring (21) are always meshed, and the position a and the position b are switched by toggling the handle (4). When the handle (4) is in position a, the slider (19) is meshed with the connecting frame (20) and disengaged from the two-speed central shaft (22), and the speed of the two-speed internal gear ring (21) is n. b1 = 0, the winch is in low speed gear, and the speed of the drum (12) When in position b, the slider (19) is meshed with the two-speed center shaft (22) and disengaged from the connecting frame (20), and the speeds of the two-speed center shaft (22) and the two-speed internal gear ring (21) are the same, that is, n a1 =n b1 At this time, the winch is in high gear, and the speed of the drum (12) 7. A two-speed multi-purpose winch with a planetary gear train speed change mechanism according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: In the first stage planetary gear train of the "double speed + first stage planetary reduction + fixed axis reduction" mode, the number of teeth of the center wheel 1 (35) is z a3 , the number of teeth z of the internal gear 1 (39) b3 , the center wheel 1 (35) is the input component, the speed n a3 =n h1 , planet carrier 1 (38) is the output component, speed n h3 =n a2 , when the winch is in low gear, When the winch is in high gear, 8. A two-speed multi-purpose winch with a planetary gear train speed change mechanism according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: The number of teeth of the center wheel 2 (40) in the "double speed + two-stage planetary reduction + fixed axis reduction" mode is z a4 , the number of teeth of internal gear 2 (44) is z b4 , center wheel 2 (40) is the input component, the speed n a4 =n h3 , planet carrier 2 (43) is the output component, and its speed is n h4 =n a2 , when the winch is in low gear, When the winch is in high gear, 9. A two-speed multi-purpose winch with a planetary gear train speed change mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed-axis gear train, the two-speed planetary gear train, the primary planetary gear train and the secondary planetary gear train all adopt oil lubrication.

10. A two-speed multi-purpose winch with a planetary gear train speed change mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The handle (4) is movably matched with the holes at two positions a and b, and a sealing ring is provided at the matching position.

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