Rubber bushing pull-out test tool

Abstract

The utility model discloses a rubber bushing pull-out test tool, which comprises a loading piece and a bearing seat, the bearing seat is provided with a positioning part and a supporting part, the positioning part is internally provided with a first channel, the supporting part is internally provided with a second channel, and the inner diameter of the first channel is larger than that of the second channel, so that a step surface is formed between the first channel and the second channel; the rubber bushing and at least part of the area of the spring eye are located in the first channel, the step face abuts against the spring eye, and the loading piece can drive the rubber bushing to move towards the supporting part so that at least part of the area of the rubber bushing can enter the second channel. And the loading piece drives the rubber bushing to slide relative to the spring eye so as to test the pull-out force between the rubber bushing and the spring eye. The first channel can indicate the overall installation position of the rubber bushing and the spring eye, and the accuracy of overall installation and positioning of the rubber bushing and the spring eye is improved. And the side wall of the positioning part has a limiting effect on the rubber bushing and the spring eye, so that the rubber bushing and the spring eye are prevented from integrally generating transverse vibration, and the test stability is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of rubber bushing tests, and in particular relates to a rubber bushing pull-out test tool. Background Art

[0002] In the suspension system of commercial vehicles, leaf springs are usually used as elastic units, and rubber bushings are usually set between the ears at the ends of the leaf springs and the brackets for fixing. The rubber bushing is sleeved on the bracket, and the ears are wrapped around the outside of the rubber bushing. When the commercial vehicle is driving, due to uneven ground or impact on the wheels, the bracket vibrates and the rubber layer is twisted and deformed, so that the rubber bushing and the ears remain relatively still, reducing the vibration of the vehicle body and improving the comfort of riding in the commercial vehicle.

[0003] During the assembly of vehicle parts, it is necessary to ensure that the rubber bushing and the ear are in an interference fit to maintain a relatively static state, that is, there needs to be sufficient pull-out force between the rubber bushing and the ear to achieve a tight connection between the rubber bushing and the ear.

[0004] At present, most domestic rubber bushing manufacturers generally use simple tooling for testing. The test tooling includes a support seat and a pull rod. The support seat supports the outer steel layer, and the pull rod connects the inner steel layer. The inner and outer steel layers are separated by pressing down the pull rod to test the pull-off force between the rubber layer and the inner and outer steel layers of the rubber bushing.

[0005] However, the upper end face of the support seat supports the rubber bushing, and it is difficult to achieve accurate positioning when installing the rubber bushing, resulting in eccentricity between the position where the support seat and the pull rod abut the rubber bushing relative to the axis of the rubber bushing. When the support seat and part of the pull rod squeeze the rubber bushing, part of the squeezing force is borne by the structural deformation and cannot be converted into a pull-out force, resulting in a larger test result. Alternatively, the pull rod eccentrically squeezes the rubber bushing, causing the relative sliding direction of the rubber bushing to tilt, increasing the friction between the two layers and causing errors in the test data. In addition, during the test, the position where the support seat and the pull rod abut the rubber bushing is eccentric relative to the axis of the rubber bushing. Under the action of the eccentric squeezing force, the rubber bushing may produce lateral vibrations or even fall out of the test position, affecting the stability of the test results and increasing the difficulty of operating the test tooling. Utility Model Content

[0006] The utility model provides a rubber bushing pull-off test tool to solve the problem of test data error caused by inaccurate positioning when installing the rubber bushing before the test and the problem of test instability caused by vibration of the rubber bushing or even escaping from the test position during the test.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the utility model is:

[0008] A rubber bushing pull-out test fixture, the rubber bushing is fixed in a coil ear, the rubber bushing pull-out test fixture comprises a loading member and a bearing seat, the loading member is located at one end of the rubber bushing in an axial direction, the bearing seat is located at the other end of the rubber bushing in an axial direction, the bearing seat has a positioning portion close to the rubber bushing and a supporting portion away from the rubber bushing, the positioning portion has a first channel extending axially therein, the supporting portion has a second channel extending axially therein, the inner diameter of the first channel is greater than the inner diameter of the second channel, so as to form a step surface between the first channel and the second channel, at least partial areas of the rubber bushing and the coil ear are located in the first channel, the step surface abuts against the coil ear, and the loading member can drive the rubber bushing to move toward the supporting portion so that at least partial areas of the rubber bushing enter the second channel.

[0009] The rubber bushing pull-off test tool of the utility model also has the following additional technical features:

[0010] The rolled ear includes a claw portion surrounding the rubber bushing and a root portion extending radially outward, and the support portion is provided with an escape groove for accommodating the root portion.

[0011] The bearing seat is provided with at least two avoidance grooves, which penetrate the positioning portion and the supporting portion to divide the bearing seat into bearing structures arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction, and the plurality of bearing structures can slide relative to each other in the radial direction to adjust the inner diameter of the bearing seat.

[0012] The rubber bushing pull-out test tool includes a support column located in the second channel, the rubber bushing is at least partially sleeved outside the support column, a thread groove is opened on the side wall of the support column in a radial direction, and the bearing structure is provided with a through hole corresponding to the thread groove. The rubber bushing pull-out test tool also includes an adjusting member, which passes through the through hole and cooperates with the thread groove to make the bearing structure relatively close to or away from the support column.

[0013] The length of the second channel is L1, the length of the rubber bushing along the axial direction is L2, and 0.5L2≤L1<L2.

[0014] A groove extending in the axial direction is arranged on the side wall of the second channel, and a through hole communicating with the groove is arranged on the support portion. The through hole extends radially outward and obliquely in a direction away from the positioning portion.

[0015] An end of the positioning portion away from the supporting portion is provided with a guiding inclined surface inclined toward the inner space of the positioning portion.

[0016] The loader includes a main body and a driving part abutting against the rubber bushing, the driving part is an annular structure, the rubber bushing includes an outer steel layer, an inner steel layer and a rubber layer between the outer steel layer and the inner steel layer, the inner diameter of the driving part is greater than the outer diameter of the inner steel layer, and the outer diameter of the driving part is greater than or equal to the inner diameter of the outer steel layer and smaller than the outer diameter of the outer steel layer.

[0017] A scale mark is arranged on the side wall of the loading member to indicate the axial length of the partial area of ​​the rubber bushing entering the second channel.

[0018] The rubber bushing pull-out test tool comprises a hydraulic press for driving the loading member, and the hydraulic press is provided with a load sensor and a displacement sensor for recording the pull-out force and the pull-out displacement during the pull-out process of the rubber bushing and the rolled ear.

[0019] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects achieved by the utility model are as follows:

[0020] 1. In the utility model, the step surface is in contact with the ear, the loader can drive the rubber bushing to move toward the support portion so that at least a portion of the rubber bushing enters the second channel, and the loader drives the rubber bushing to slide relative to the ear to test the pull-out force between the rubber bushing and the ear, and to determine the interference fit between the rubber bushing and the ear to maintain relative stillness. At least a portion of the rubber bushing and the ear is located in the first channel. First, the first channel can indicate the installation position of the rubber bushing and the ear, thereby improving the accuracy of the installation and positioning of the rubber bushing and the ear, and making the rubber bushing coaxial with the bearing seat. After the rubber bushing and the ear are accurately installed, the step surface abuts against the ear, and the loader drives the rubber bushing to move relative to the ear, so as to avoid the misalignment of the installation positions of the rubber bushing and the ear. The loader and the step surface act on the rubber bushing or the ear from both ends of the axial direction at the same time, causing the rubber bushing to be unable to move relative to the ear, and the test cannot be carried out, and may even cause the rubber bushing or the ear to be squeezed and damaged. Furthermore, the driving force of the loader on the rubber bushing and the bearing force of the step surface on the ear are coaxial with the axis of the rubber bushing, so as to avoid the rubber bushing being driven by the eccentric force and being deviated in the direction of sliding in the second channel, and to avoid inaccurate pull-out force measurement caused by the change of the relative sliding direction of the rubber bushing.

[0021] Secondly, during the test, the side wall of the positioning portion forms a limiting effect on the rubber bushing and the rolled ear, avoiding the lateral vibration of the rubber bushing and the rolled ear as a whole in the plane vertical to the axis, and avoiding the lateral vibration of the rubber bushing and the rolled ear as a whole under the action of the eccentric force when the rubber bushing and the rolled ear as a whole are eccentrically squeezed, and even avoiding the rubber bushing and the rolled ear as a whole from escaping from the rubber bushing removal test tooling, thereby improving the stability of the rubber bushing and the rolled ear as a whole during the test, and improving the smoothness of the test and the accuracy of the results.

[0022] 2. As a preferred embodiment of the utility model, the ear includes a claw portion surrounding the rubber bushing and a root portion extending radially outward, and the support portion is provided with an avoidance groove for accommodating the root portion. The avoidance groove forms an avoidance for the root portion, thereby avoiding structural interference between the root portion and the side wall of the support portion when installing the rubber bushing and the ear as a whole, thereby increasing the feasibility of installing the rubber bushing and the ear as a whole in the first channel. Secondly, during the test, the side wall of the avoidance groove forms a limiting effect on the root portion, thereby avoiding vibration of the rubber bushing and the ear as a whole in the circumferential direction, improving the stability of the rubber bushing and the ear during the test, thereby improving the accuracy of the test results.

[0023] 3. As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rubber bushing pull-out test fixture includes a support column located in the second channel, the rubber bushing is at least partially sleeved outside the support column, a thread groove is provided on the side wall of the support column in a radial direction, and the bearing structure is provided with a through hole corresponding to the thread groove, and the rubber bushing pull-out test fixture also includes an adjustment member, the adjustment member passes through the through hole and cooperates with the thread groove to make the bearing structure relatively close to or away from the support column. At least a part of the rubber bushing is sleeved outside the support column, and the support column has a limiting effect on the rubber bushing, reducing the lateral vibration of the rubber bushing in the vertical axis plane during the test. Driven by the loader, the rubber bushing slides along the support column into the second channel, and the support column can guide the sliding direction of the rubber bushing, reduce the deviation of the sliding direction of the rubber bushing, and avoid the interference between the rubber bushing and the inner wall of the ear, which leads to inaccurate test results.

[0024] In addition, the adjusting member passes through the through hole and cooperates with the threaded groove to fix the multiple bearing structures, thereby preventing the bearing seat from disintegrating during the test and improving the stability of the bearing seat supporting the ears. Secondly, screwing the adjusting member into the threaded groove can push the bearing structure closer to the support column to reduce the inner diameter of the bearing seat, or screwing a partial area of ​​the adjusting member out of the threaded groove to increase the inner diameter of the bearing seat. The adjusting member passes through the through hole and cooperates with the threaded groove to adjust the inner diameter of the bearing seat, so that the rubber bushing pull-out test fixture can be used for pull-out tests of rubber bushings and ears of different sizes.

[0025] 4. As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the length of the second channel is L1, the length of the rubber bushing along the axial direction is L2, and 0.5L2≤L1<L2. L1≥0.5L2, at least half of the area of ​​the rubber bushing along the axial direction can be pulled out from the coiled ear and enter the second channel, so as to collect test data of multiple points when the rubber bushing slides axially relative to the coiled ear, which is convenient for calculating the pull-out force of the rubber bushing relative to the coiled ear. L1<L2, during the test, the second channel forms a limiting effect on the sliding of the rubber bushing, preventing the rubber bushing from completely sliding into the second channel and preventing the rubber bushing from completely pulling out of the coiled ear. At the end of the test, at least part of the area of ​​the rubber bushing along the axial direction is located in the coiled ear, which is convenient for resetting the rubber bushing, that is, for pushing the rubber bushing back into the coiled ear.

[0026] 5. As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a scale mark is provided on the side wall of the loader to indicate the axial length of the partial area of ​​the rubber bushing entering the second channel. There is no obstruction on the outer side of the side wall of the loader, and the user can directly observe the scale mark. The scale mark is provided on the side wall of the loader, and gradually increases along the axial direction from the abutting end of the loader and the rubber bushing, indicating the distance from the mark position to the abutting end. During the test, the loader drives at least a partial area of ​​the rubber bushing to enter the second channel, and at least a partial area of ​​the loader enters the ear. Through the scale mark indicated by the edge of the ear, the axial length of the partial area of ​​the rubber bushing that escapes from the ear can be read to accurately judge the test progress, avoid ending the test too early and resulting in incomplete data collection, or ending the test too late and resulting in excessive test data collection, test cycle and workload increase. The scale mark provided on the side wall of the loader enables the user to make an intuitive and accurate judgment on the test process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present invention. In the drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 It is a side view of the rubber bushing pull-off test tool in one embodiment of the utility model, wherein the rolled ear portion is located in the first channel;

[0029] Figure 2 It is a vertical cross-sectional view of the rubber bushing pull-off test tooling in one embodiment of the utility model, wherein the rubber bushing and a partial area of ​​the rolled ear are located in the first channel;

[0030] Figure 3 is a vertical cross-sectional schematic diagram of the rubber bushing;

[0031] Figure 4 is a horizontal cross-sectional schematic diagram of the rubber bushing and the rolled ear;

[0032] Figure 5 A top view of the bearing seat in one embodiment of the utility model;

[0033] Figure 6 It is a horizontal cross-sectional schematic diagram of the bearing seat in one embodiment of the utility model;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a vertical cross-sectional structural diagram of the support portion in one embodiment of the utility model;

[0035] Figure 8 A vertical cross-sectional schematic diagram of the loading component in one embodiment of the utility model;

[0036] Fig. 9 The figure is a curve diagram showing the relationship between the pull-out force F and the pull-out displacement s measured by the rubber bushing pull-out test tool in one embodiment of the utility model.

[0037] in:

[0038] 1 curled ear; 11 claw; 12 root;

[0039] 2 rubber bushing; 21 inner steel layer; 22 rubber layer; 23 outer steel layer;

[0040] 3 loading part; 31 body; 32 driving part; 321 scale mark;

[0041] 4 bearing seat; 41 positioning portion; 411 first channel; 4111 guiding inclined surface; 42 supporting portion; 421 second channel; 4211 groove; 4212 through hole; 422 avoidance groove; 43 step surface; 44 bearing structure; 441 through hole;

[0042] 5 support column; 51 thread groove;

[0043] 6. Adjustment parts;

[0044] 7. Hydraulic press. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] In order to more clearly illustrate the overall concept of the present invention, a detailed description is given below in the form of examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0046] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0047] In addition, in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0048] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "install", "connect", "connect", "fix" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0049] In the present utility model, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the first feature "above" or "below" the second feature may be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "implementation method", "example", "one embodiment", "example" or "specific example" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the utility model. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in an appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0050] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a rubber bushing pull-out test fixture is provided, wherein the rubber bushing 2 is fixed in a coil ear 1, and the rubber bushing pull-out test fixture comprises a loading member 3 and a bearing seat 4, wherein the loading member 3 is located at one end of the rubber bushing 2 in the axial direction, and the bearing seat 4 is located at the other end of the rubber bushing 2 in the axial direction, and the bearing seat 4 has a positioning portion 41 close to the rubber bushing 2 and a supporting portion 42 away from the rubber bushing 2, wherein the positioning portion 41 has a first channel 411 extending in the axial direction therein, and the supporting portion 42 has a second channel 421 extending in the axial direction therein, wherein the inner diameter of the first channel 411 is greater than the inner diameter of the second channel 421, so as to form a step surface 43 between the first channel 411 and the second channel 421, wherein at least a portion of the rubber bushing 2 and the coil ear 1 are located in the first channel 411, and the step surface 43 abuts against the coil ear 1, and the loading member 3 can drive the rubber bushing 2 to move toward the supporting portion 42 so that at least a portion of the rubber bushing 2 enters the second channel 421.

[0051] The rubber bushing pull-out test tool in the utility model includes a loading member 3 and a bearing seat 4. The loading member 3 is located at one end of the axial direction of the rubber bushing 2, and the bearing seat 4 is located at the other end of the axial direction of the rubber bushing 2. The loading member 3 and the bearing seat 4 clamp the rubber bushing 2 at both ends of the axial direction of the rubber bushing 2. The loading member 3 abuts against the rubber bushing 2, and the step surface 43 abuts against the roll ear 1. The loading member 3 can drive the rubber bushing 2 to move toward the support portion 42 so that at least a part of the rubber bushing 2 enters the second channel 421. The loading member 3 drives the rubber bushing 2 to slide relative to the roll ear 1 to test the pull-out force between the rubber bushing 2 and the roll ear 1, and determine the interference connection between the rubber bushing 2 and the roll ear 1 to maintain a relatively static fit.

[0052] The rubber bushing pull-out test tool is not only used for the pull-out test of rubber bushings, but also can be used for the pull-out test of bushings such as bimetal bushings and polyurethane bushings.

[0053] When the rubber bushing 2 and the ear 1 are integrally installed on the rubber bushing pull-out test fixture, the first channel 411 can indicate the installation position of the rubber bushing 2 and the ear 1, thereby improving the accuracy of the installation and positioning of the rubber bushing 2 and the ear 1. After the rubber bushing 2 and the ear 1 are accurately installed, the step surface 43 abuts against the ear 1, and the loader 3 drives the rubber bushing 2 to move relative to the ear 1, thereby avoiding the misalignment of the installation positions of the rubber bushing 2 and the ear 1. The loader 3 and the step surface 43 act on the rubber bushing 2 or the ear 1 from both axial ends at the same time, causing the rubber bushing 2 to be unable to move relative to the ear 1, and the test cannot be carried out, and may even cause the rubber bushing 2 or the ear 1 to be squeezed and damaged. Furthermore, the driving force of the loader 3 on the rubber bushing 2 and the bearing capacity of the step surface 43 on the coiled ear 1 are coaxial with the axis of the rubber bushing 2, so as to prevent the rubber bushing 2 from being driven by the eccentric force and deviating in the direction of sliding in the second channel 421, and to avoid inaccurate pull-out force measurement caused by the change of the relative sliding direction of the rubber bushing 2.

[0054] Secondly, during the test, the side wall of the positioning portion 41 forms a limiting effect on the rubber bushing 2 and the roll ear 1, avoiding the lateral vibration of the rubber bushing 2 and the roll ear 1 as a whole in the vertical axis plane, and avoiding the rubber bushing 2 and the roll ear 1 as a whole from generating lateral vibration under the action of the eccentric force when the rubber bushing 2 and the roll ear 1 as a whole are eccentrically squeezed, and even escaping from the rubber bushing removal test fixture, thereby improving the stability of the rubber bushing 2 and the roll ear 1 as a whole during the test, improving the smoothness of the test and the accuracy of the results.

[0055] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 4 As shown, the ear 1 includes a claw portion 11 surrounding the rubber bushing 2 and a root portion 12 extending radially outward. Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the support portion 42 is provided with an avoidance groove 422 for accommodating the root portion 12. The ear 1 is a connection structure between the leaf spring and the rubber bushing 2 in the vehicle suspension system. The ear 1 includes a claw portion 11 surrounding the rubber bushing 2. The inner wall of the claw portion 11 is interference-fitted with the outer wall of the rubber bushing 2 to achieve the fixation of the rubber bushing 2 and the claw portion 11. The ear 1 also includes a root portion 12 extending radially outward, so as to facilitate the fixation with the leaf spring through the root portion 12. When the rubber bushing 2 and the ear 1 are placed in the first channel 411 as a whole, in order to avoid the interference between the root portion 12 and the side wall of the positioning portion 41, the support portion 42 is provided with an avoidance groove 422 for accommodating the root portion 12. The avoidance groove 422 avoids the root portion 12, thereby increasing the feasibility of the rubber bushing 2 and the ear 1 being installed in the first channel 411 as a whole. In addition, during the test, the side wall of the avoidance groove 422 forms a limiting effect on the root 12, avoiding the vibration of the rubber bushing 2 and the ear 1 as a whole in the circumferential direction, improving the stability of the rubber bushing 2 and the ear 1 during the test, thereby improving the accuracy of the test results.

[0056] Preferably, Figure 5 As shown, the avoidance groove 422 extends in the axial direction and penetrates the positioning portion 41 in the radial direction. The root portion 12 extends outward in the radial direction relative to the claw portion 11, and the length of the root portion 12 extending outward is generally greater than the wall thickness of the positioning portion 41. When the ear 1 is placed in the first channel 411, the root portion 12 extends out of the avoidance groove 422 from the first channel 411, and the user can apply force with the help of the root portion 12 to push at least part of the ear 1 into the first channel 411, thereby avoiding the problem of reduced force application area and inconvenient operation due to the partial area of ​​the outer wall of the claw portion 11 being blocked by the positioning portion 41 during the installation process. Moreover, the root 12 extends out of the first channel 411 through the avoidance groove 422, and the user can directly observe the root 12. The user can judge the axial length of the partial area of ​​the coiled ear 1 entering the first channel 411 through the distance between the lower edge of the root 12 and the upper edge of the positioning portion 41, thereby judging whether the coiled ear 1 is installed in place in the first channel 411.

[0057] Preferably, Figure 2As shown, the end of the positioning portion 41 away from the support portion 42 is provided with a guide slope 4111 inclined toward the internal space of the positioning portion 41. When the rubber bushing 2 and the rolled ear 1 are installed as a whole on the rubber bushing test fixture, the guide slope 4111 increases the channel end surface size entering the first channel 411, reducing the difficulty of positioning the rubber bushing 2 and the rolled ear 1 as a whole. The guide slope 4111 guides the rubber bushing 2 and the rolled ear 1 as a whole toward the sliding direction of the support portion 42, so as to slide into the first channel 411, improving the convenience of installing the rubber bushing 2 and the rolled ear 1 as a whole on the rubber bushing pull-off test fixture.

[0058] As a preferred embodiment of this implementation, Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the bearing seat 4 is provided with at least two avoidance grooves 422, and the avoidance grooves 422 penetrate the positioning portion 41 and the supporting portion 42 to divide the bearing seat 4 into bearing structures 44 arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction, and the plurality of bearing structures 44 can slide relative to each other in the radial direction to adjust the inner diameter of the bearing seat 4. The bearing seat 4 includes bearing structures 44 arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction, and the plurality of bearing structures 44 can slide relative to each other in the radial direction. When the plurality of bearing structures 44 slide radially inward, the inner diameters of the first channel 411 and the second channel 421 are both reduced, and when the plurality of bearing structures 44 slide radially outward, the inner diameters of the first channel 411 and the second channel 421 are both increased. The synchronous inward or outward sliding of the bearing structures 44 in the radial direction can increase the uniformity of the contact surface between the step surface 43 and the rolled ear 1 in the circumferential direction, improve the uniformity of the supporting force of the rolled ear 1 by the step surface 43, and avoid eccentric pressure on the rolled ear 1. By means of the plurality of bearing structures 44 being able to slide relative to each other in the radial direction, the inner diameter of the first channel 411 can be adjusted to test ears 1 of different sizes, and the inner diameter of the second channel 421 can be adjusted to test rubber bushings 2 of different sizes, thereby improving the versatility of the rubber bushing pull-off test device.

[0059] Preferably, Figure 6As shown, the rubber bushing pull-out test fixture includes a support column 5 located in the second channel 421, the rubber bushing 2 is at least partially sleeved outside the support column 5, a thread groove 51 is provided on the side wall of the support column 5 in the radial direction, and the bearing structure 44 is provided with a through hole 441 corresponding to the thread groove 51, and the rubber bushing pull-out test fixture also includes an adjustment member 6, the adjustment member 6 passes through the through hole 441 and cooperates with the thread groove 51 to make the bearing structure 44 relatively close to or away from the support column 5. At least a part of the rubber bushing 2 is sleeved outside the support column 5, and the support column 5 has a limiting effect on the rubber bushing 2, reducing the lateral vibration of the rubber bushing 2 in the vertical axis plane during the test. It should be noted that at least a part of the support column 5 extends from the second channel 421 to the first channel 411, and during the test, at least a part of the rubber bushing 2 is sleeved outside the support column 5. The height of the upper edge of the support column 5 is smaller than the height of the upper edge of the first channel 411 , so as to avoid structural interference between the rubber bushing 2 and the support column 5 when the rubber bushing 2 is installed.

[0060] Driven by the loader 3, the rubber bushing 2 slides along the support column 5 into the second channel 421. The support column 5 can guide the sliding direction of the rubber bushing 2, reduce the deviation of the sliding direction of the rubber bushing 2, and avoid the inaccurate test results caused by the interference between the rubber bushing 2 and the inner wall of the ear 1. In addition, the adjustment member 6 passes through the through hole 441 and cooperates with the thread groove 51 to fix the multiple bearing structures 44, avoid the disintegration of the bearing seat 4 during the test, and improve the stability of the bearing seat 4 supporting the ear 1. Secondly, screwing the adjustment member 6 into the thread groove 51 can push the bearing structure 44 close to the support column 5 to reduce the inner diameter of the bearing seat 4, or screwing a part of the adjustment member 6 out of the thread groove 51 to increase the inner diameter of the bearing seat 4. The adjusting member 6 passes through the through hole 441 and cooperates with the threaded groove 51 to adjust the inner diameter of the bearing seat 4, so that the rubber bushing pull-out test tool can be suitable for pull-out tests of rubber bushings 2 and ears 1 of different sizes.

[0061] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 8 As shown, the loading member 3 includes a body 31 and a driving portion 32 abutting against the rubber bushing 2. The driving portion 32 is an annular structure. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the rubber bushing 2 includes an outer steel layer 23, an inner steel layer 21, and a rubber layer 22 between the outer steel layer 23 and the inner steel layer 21. Figure 2As shown, the inner diameter of the driving part 32 is larger than the outer diameter of the inner steel layer 21, and the outer diameter of the driving part 32 is larger than or equal to the inner diameter of the outer steel layer 23 and smaller than the outer diameter of the outer steel layer 23. As for the common rubber bushing 2, the outer steel layer 23, the inner steel layer 21, and the rubber layer 22 are all annular structures, and the claw 11 sleeved on the outside of the rubber bushing 2 is also an annular structure. The driving part 32 is an annular structure, which is more matched with the shape of the outer steel layer 23, and the outer steel layer 23 is uniformly forced from the circumference to avoid eccentric pressure on the rubber bushing 2. The driving part 32 is in contact with the outer steel layer 23, but not in contact with the inner steel layer 21, so as to avoid the force of the driving part 32 on the rubber bushing 2 being partially borne by the deformation of the rubber layer 22, which leads to an over-large test result.

[0062] In the present invention, the loading component 3 may also be an integrated structure. The loading component 3 is a ring-shaped structure, and the loading component 3 as a whole constitutes the driving part 32 .

[0063] The positioning portion 41 surrounds the claw portion 11 from the outside, and the step surface 43 abuts against the claw portion 11. The positioning portion 41 and the supporting portion 42 are designed as an annular structure. The inner diameter of the positioning portion 41 is larger than the inner diameter of the supporting portion 42, and the outer diameter of the positioning portion 41 is equal to the outer diameter of the supporting portion 42, so as to improve the integration of the support seat.

[0064] As for the special-shaped rubber bushing, in combination with the characteristics of vehicle vibration, in order to have different vibration absorption capabilities in different directions, the rubber layer 22 will gradually thicken along the circumferential direction from the root 12. However, the outer contour of the vertical axis section of the outer steel layer 23 is still circular, and the claw 11 sleeved on the outside of the rubber bushing 2 is still a circular ring structure. The driving part 32, the positioning part 41, and the supporting part 42 in the rubber bushing pull-off test fixture are designed as a circular ring structure, which is still suitable for the pull-off test of the special-shaped rubber bushing.

[0065] Preferably, Figure 8 As shown, the driving part 32 is detachably connected to the body 31, so that driving parts 32 of different sizes can be replaced, which is suitable for pull-off tests of rubber bushings 2 of different sizes, thereby improving the applicability of the rubber bushing pull-off test tool. The driving part 32 is threadedly connected to the body 31, and a part of the driving part 32 is sleeved on the periphery of the body 31.

[0066] It should be noted that the inner diameter of the driving portion 32 is greater than the outer diameter of the inner steel layer 21, and the outer diameter of the driving portion 32 is greater than or equal to the inner diameter of the outer steel layer 23, and smaller than the outer diameter of the outer steel layer 23. The inner diameter of the positioning portion 41 is greater than the outer diameter of the claw portion 11, and the inner diameter of the supporting portion 42 is greater than the inner diameter of the claw portion 11 and smaller than the outer diameter of the claw portion 11. The diameter of the supporting column 5 is smaller than the inner diameter of the inner steel layer 21.

[0067] like Figure 2 As shown, the length of the second channel 421 is L1, and the length of the rubber bushing 2 in the axial direction is L2, 0.5L2≤L1<L2. L1≥0.5L2, at least half of the area of ​​the rubber bushing 2 in the axial direction can be pulled out from the coiled ear 1 and enter the second channel 421, so as to collect test data of multiple points when the rubber bushing 2 slides axially relative to the coiled ear 1, which is convenient for calculating the pull-out force of the rubber bushing 2 relative to the coiled ear 1. L1<L2, during the test, the second channel 421 forms a limiting effect on the sliding of the rubber bushing 2, preventing the rubber bushing 2 from completely sliding into the second channel 421, and preventing the rubber bushing 2 from completely pulling out of the coiled ear 1. At the end of the test, at least part of the area of ​​the rubber bushing 2 in the axial direction is located in the coiled ear 1, which is convenient for resetting the rubber bushing 2, that is, for pushing the rubber bushing 2 back into the coiled ear 1.

[0068] Preferably, Figure 7 As shown, a groove 4211 extending in the axial direction is provided on the side wall of the second channel 421, and a through hole 4212 connected to the groove 4211 is provided on the support portion 42, and the through hole 4212 extends radially outward and obliquely away from the positioning portion 41. The outer wall of the rubber bushing 2 and the inner wall of the claw portion 11 are interference fit and tightly connected. When the loader 3 drives the rubber bushing 2 to move toward the support portion 42 so that at least a part of the rubber bushing 2 is out of the claw portion 11, the rubber bushing 2 and the claw portion 11 generate heat by friction, and the groove 4211 increases the gap between the rubber bushing 2 and the side wall of the second channel 421, thereby increasing the space for the rubber bushing 2 to dissipate heat outward. Furthermore, when a partial area of ​​the rubber bushing 2 enters the second channel 421, the air in the second channel 421 is squeezed to flow outward along the through hole 441, and the through hole 4212 extends radially outward and obliquely away from the positioning portion 41, thereby increasing the amount of air flowing along the groove 4211 between the rubber bushing 2 and the support seat, and further increasing the heat dissipation effect of the rubber bushing 2.

[0069] Preferably, Figure 1As shown, a scale mark 321 is provided on the side wall of the loading member 3 to indicate the axial length of the partial area of ​​the rubber bushing 2 entering the second channel 421. There is no obstruction on the outer side of the side wall of the loading member 3, and the user can directly observe the scale mark 321. The scale mark 321 is provided on the side wall of the loading member 3, which gradually increases axially from the abutting end of the loading member 3 and the rubber bushing 2, indicating the distance from the mark position to the abutting end. During the test, the loading member 3 drives at least a partial area of ​​the rubber bushing 2 to enter the second channel 421, and at least a partial area of ​​the loading member 3 enters the ear 1. Through the scale mark 321 indicated by the edge of the ear 1, the axial length of the partial area of ​​the rubber bushing 2 that escapes from the ear 1 can be read to accurately judge the test progress, avoid ending the test too early and resulting in incomplete data collection, or ending the test too late and resulting in excessive test data collection, test cycle and workload increase. The scale mark 321 provided on the side wall of the loading member 3 enables the user to make an intuitive and accurate judgment on the test process.

[0070] The scale mark 321 includes a maximum mark line, and the distance indicated by the maximum mark line is greater than or equal to half of the axial length of the rubber bushing 2 and less than the axial length of the rubber bushing 2. When the maximum mark line is blocked by the claw 11, the user can determine that the pull-off test data collection of the rubber bushing 2 has been completed, and the test can be terminated.

[0071] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rubber bushing pull-out test fixture includes a hydraulic press 7 for driving the loading member 3, and the hydraulic press 7 is provided with a load sensor and a displacement sensor for recording the pull-out force and pull-out displacement during the pull-out process of the rubber bushing 2 and the roll ear 1. The pull-out force refers to the loading force when driving the rubber bushing 2 to slide relative to the roll ear 1 during the test, and the pull-out displacement refers to the axial length of the partial area of ​​the rubber bushing 2 that is pulled out of the roll ear 1.

[0072] The pull-out force and pull-out displacement recorded during the test process are used to draw a relationship curve between the pull-out force and the pull-out displacement, such as Fig. 9 As shown. It should be noted that the loading speed of the hydraulic press 7, i.e. the speed of driving the rubber bushing 2 to move relative to the ear 1, is less than or equal to 1 mm / s to obtain accurate test data. In the present utility model, the rubber bushing pull-off test fixture can also use other driving methods such as mechanical transmission, electric transmission, pneumatic transmission, etc. to drive the loading part 3.

[0073] After obtaining the relationship curve between the pull-out force and the pull-out displacement, the validity of the test data is determined by combining Formulas 1 to 3. If any of Formulas 1 to 3 is not satisfied, the test data is invalid and needs to be retested. If Formulas 1 to 3 are all satisfied, the pull-out force F of the rubber bushing 2 is calculated by Formula 4.

[0074] L m ≤1.5mm Formula 1

[0075] L s ≥L m F m ≥F s Formula 2

[0076] L d =L m +10mm F d ≥0.5F m Formula 3

[0077] F=F m Formula 4

[0078] Where: F m It is the maximum pull-off force measured during the test;

[0079] L m is the pull-off displacement when the pull-off force F reaches the maximum;

[0080] L s The pull-off displacement reaches L m Any subsequent pull-off displacement;

[0081] F s The pull-off displacement is L s The corresponding pull-off force when

[0082] L d The pull-off displacement reaches L m Then 10mm of pull-off displacement;

[0083] F d The pull-off displacement is L d The corresponding pull-off force.

[0084] The parts not described in the present invention can be realized by adopting or drawing on the existing technology.

[0085] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.

[0086] The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rubber bushing pull-off test tool, the rubber bushing is fixed in the ear, characterized in that: The rubber bushing pull-out test fixture includes a loading member and a bearing seat, the loading member is located at one end of the rubber bushing in the axial direction, and the bearing seat is located at the other end of the rubber bushing in the axial direction, the bearing seat has a positioning portion close to the rubber bushing and a supporting portion away from the rubber bushing, the positioning portion has a first channel extending axially therein, the supporting portion has a second channel extending axially therein, the inner diameter of the first channel is larger than the inner diameter of the second channel, so as to form a step surface between the first channel and the second channel, at least a portion of the rubber bushing and the ear is located in the first channel, the step surface is in contact with the ear, and the loading member can drive the rubber bushing to move toward the supporting portion so that at least a portion of the rubber bushing enters the second channel.

2. The rubber bushing pull-off test tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rolled ear includes a claw portion surrounding the rubber bushing and a root portion extending radially outward, and the support portion is provided with an escape groove for accommodating the root portion.

3. The rubber bushing pull-off test tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bearing seat is provided with at least two avoidance grooves, which penetrate the positioning portion and the supporting portion to divide the bearing seat into bearing structures arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction, and the plurality of bearing structures can slide relative to each other in the radial direction to adjust the inner diameter of the bearing seat.

4. The rubber bushing pull-off test tool according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The rubber bushing pull-out test tool includes a support column located in the second channel, the rubber bushing is at least partially sleeved outside the support column, a thread groove is opened on the side wall of the support column in a radial direction, and the bearing structure is provided with a through hole corresponding to the thread groove. The rubber bushing pull-out test tool also includes an adjusting member, which passes through the through hole and cooperates with the thread groove to make the bearing structure relatively close to or away from the support column.

5. The rubber bushing pull-off test tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the second channel is L1, the length of the rubber bushing along the axial direction is L2, and 0.5L2≤L1<L2.

6. The rubber bushing pull-off test tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: A groove extending in the axial direction is arranged on the side wall of the second channel, and a through hole communicating with the groove is arranged on the support portion. The through hole extends radially outward and obliquely in a direction away from the positioning portion.

7. The rubber bushing pull-off test tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: An end of the positioning portion away from the supporting portion is provided with a guiding inclined surface inclined toward the inner space of the positioning portion.

8. The rubber bushing pull-off test tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The loader includes a main body and a driving part abutting against the rubber bushing, the driving part is an annular structure, the rubber bushing includes an outer steel layer, an inner steel layer and a rubber layer between the outer steel layer and the inner steel layer, the inner diameter of the driving part is greater than the outer diameter of the inner steel layer, and the outer diameter of the driving part is greater than or equal to the inner diameter of the outer steel layer and smaller than the outer diameter of the outer steel layer.

9. The rubber bushing pull-off test tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: A scale mark is arranged on the side wall of the loading member to indicate the axial length of the partial area of ​​the rubber bushing entering the second channel.

10. The rubber bushing pull-off test tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rubber bushing pull-out test tool comprises a hydraulic press for driving the loading member, and the hydraulic press is provided with a load sensor and a displacement sensor for recording the pull-out force and the pull-out displacement during the pull-out process of the rubber bushing and the rolled ear.

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