Straw crushing equipment suitable for biogas production

Abstract

Straw crushing equipment suitable for biogas production belongs to the technical field of biogas production and comprises a straw spreading and conveying part, a straw compacting and longitudinal cutting part, a transverse cutting part and a vibrating screen and secondary transverse cutting part. The straw spreading and conveying part conveys the embraced straw from the left end to the straw compacting and longitudinal cutting part, the longitudinal cutting part is provided with a longitudinal cutter assembly to cut the straw into thin strips, then the thin strips enter the transverse cutting part to be transversely cut off to form particles, and finished product small particles are leaked through a vibration screen, the secondary transverse cutting part and a vibration screen. And large particles are moved to the secondary transverse cutter assembly to be cut into small particles. According to the straw cutting machine, straw can be cut into small particles, the particle size can be smaller than or equal to 3 mm, and the requirement of biogas production is fully met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of biogas production and relates to a pulverizing device. Background Art

[0002] Straw is one of the main raw materials for preparing biogas. There are two ways to feed straw to make biogas: whole grain and crushed. After crushing, the gas production efficiency is higher and the straw decomposes faster. Especially in today's environmental protection and comprehensive utilization, the particle size of the straw after crushing is higher. After the straw is crushed to prepare biogas, solid and liquid organic matter and plant growth probiotics are added, which can be used directly as fertilizer. There are many types of straw crushing equipment at home and abroad, but most of them are returned to the field after straw crushing, and the size is large. Equipment that can reach 3mm particle size has not been reported. In "Agricultural Machinery Use and Maintenance" 2022 (Issue 6), Liu Xiangdong analyzed the significance of returning straw crushing to the field, the current status of straw crushing machinery research and application, and the defects and deficiencies in development, pointed out the key points and difficulties in the development of crop straw crushing machinery in the future, and provided technical reference and basis for the subsequent improvement of straw resource utilization. The article also pointed out that the current development of straw crushing equipment has problems such as insufficient R&D and innovation capabilities, relatively extensive research process, and imperfect supporting products.

[0003] It is very necessary to design and manufacture efficient crushing equipment for biogas production based on the natural characteristics of straw, considering the particle size of straw crushing, and combining the existing straw crushing technology and equipment development status. Utility Model Content

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a straw crushing device suitable for biogas production, which can crush the straw into small particles.

[0005] The solution to the technical problem solved by the utility model mainly includes a frame, side baffles, a transmission shaft, a longitudinal cutter assembly, a front transverse cutter assembly and a rear transverse cutter assembly, which constitute a straw crushing equipment suitable for biogas production. Side baffles are provided on the front and rear sides of the frame, the transmission shaft is installed on the frame below the side baffles, all transmission shafts are in a horizontal state, adjacent transmission shafts are equidistant and parallel, each transmission shaft has a transmission wheel at the end, an upper compression roller shaft and a lower compression roller shaft are provided in the middle part of the frame, the upper compression roller shaft and the lower compression roller shaft correspond in position up and down, the upper compression roller shaft is installed on the side baffles, and the lower compression roller shaft is installed on the frame, the side baffles on both sides of the left side of the lower compression roller shaft gradually approach inward, the distance between the side baffles on both sides of the lower compression roller shaft is closer than the distance between the far ends, an upper cover plate is provided on the top of the side baffle plate on the left side of the lower compression roller shaft, the left end of the upper cover plate is higher than the right end, and the longitudinal cutter assembly is provided. The assembly is installed on the frame, and on the right side of the first-level upper compression roller and the first-level lower compression roller, the right side of the longitudinal cutter assembly is installed with a second-level upper compression roller and a second-level lower compression roller, and the second-level upper compression roller and the second-level lower compression roller have the same structure and installation method as the first-level upper compression roller and the first-level lower compression roller, and a front transverse cutter assembly is installed on the right side frame of the second-level upper compression roller and the second-level lower compression roller, and a vibrating screen is provided below and on the right side of the front transverse cutter assembly, and the vibrating screen is higher on the left and lower on the right, and is installed on the frame, and a brush shaft is provided above the right edge of the vibrating screen, and the brush shaft is installed on the frame, and a third-level upper compression roller and a third-level lower compression roller are installed on the frame on the right side of the brush shaft, and the third-level upper compression roller and the third-level lower compression roller have the same structure and installation method as the second-level upper compression roller and the second-level lower compression roller, and a rear transverse cutter assembly is installed on the right side frame of the third-level upper compression roller and the third-level lower compression roller.

[0006] The whole equipment can be disassembled into four parts, including the straw spreading and conveying part, the straw compacting and longitudinal cutting part, the transverse cutting part and the vibrating screen and secondary transverse cutting part. The straw spreading and conveying part is mainly composed of side baffles, a drive shaft and an upper cover. By driving the transmission wheel to make the drive shaft rotate clockwise, the bundle of straw is placed on the drive shaft from the left end. The axial direction of the straw is perpendicular to the axial direction of the drive shaft. Driven by the drive shaft, the straw moves to the right end. Since the side baffles and the upper cover are surrounded by a trumpet shape, the inner cavity becomes smaller from left to right, and the straw bundle becomes more and more solid; the straw compacting and longitudinal cutting part is composed of a first-level upper compression roller shaft, a first-level lower compression roller shaft and a longitudinal cutter assembly. The first-level upper compression roller shaft is driven to rotate counterclockwise, and the first-level lower compression roller shaft is driven to rotate clockwise. The straw bundle between them is pressed into sheets, and then cut into thin strips by the longitudinal cutter assembly; the transverse cutting part is composed of The second-level upper compression roller, the second-level lower compression roller and the front transverse cutter assembly are used for the transverse cutting part. The second-level upper compression roller and the second-level lower compression roller press the straw cut into thin strips into sheets again, and the front transverse cutter assembly cuts them transversely to form particles. The vibrating screen and the second transverse cutting part are composed of a vibrating screen, a brush shaft, a third-level upper compression roller, a third-level lower compression roller and a rear transverse cutter assembly. The granular straw falls on the vibrating screen, and the vibrating screen leaks the finished small particles, while the larger particles remain on the net and move to the right end of the vibrating screen. The brush shaft rotates counterclockwise, and the large particles of straw are swept between the third-level upper compression roller and the third-level lower compression roller by the bristles for compaction, and finally cut into small particles by the rear transverse cutter assembly.

[0007] The longitudinal cutter assembly consists of a cutter disc, a longitudinal cutter shaft and a blade. The cutter disc is a square disc, mounted horizontally on the frame, with its upper surface height between the upper and lower heights of the first-level lower compression roller. The cutter disc has longitudinal strip grooves, similar in shape to the grate. The longitudinal cutter shaft is mounted on the frame below the cutter disc, in the same direction as the transmission shaft. The blade is disc-shaped, the same as the electric saw for cutting wood, and the center position is fixedly connected to the longitudinal cutter shaft. Each blade is at an equal distance, corresponding to the position of the strip groove, and the upper part passes through the corresponding strip groove. The longitudinal cutter shaft is driven to rotate counterclockwise, cutting the sheet of straw into thin strips like cutting a wooden board.

[0008] There is a top cover plate above the longitudinal cutter assembly, which is mounted on the frame. The lower surface of the top cover plate is provided with longitudinal arc grooves, each of which corresponds to a blade position. When the blade rotates, its top end is in the arc groove, and the sheet of straw moves to the right between the top cover plate and the blade disc, which makes the cutting effect better.

[0009] The front transverse cutter assembly is the same as the rear transverse cutter assembly, consisting of two circular rings, support spokes, a transverse cutter shaft, and a cutter. The structure is similar to that of a roller harvester. The circular ring is equipped with radial support spokes, and the transverse cutter shaft is installed at the intersection of the radial support spokes, that is, the center of the circular ring. The two sides of the transverse cutter shaft are connected to a circular ring respectively, and the two ends of the transverse cutter shaft are installed on the frame. The two ends of the cutter are fixed on the circular rings on both sides respectively. Adjacent cutters are equidistant and parallel to the transverse cutter shaft, and the blade of the cutter is in the tangent direction of the circular ring. The transverse cutter shaft rotates counterclockwise to cut the compressed strips or large-particle straw into small particles.

[0010] The inclination angle of the vibrating screen is 20-30 degrees to the horizontal plane.

[0011] The utility model can cut straw into small particles, the particle size of which can reach ≤3mm, which fully meets the needs of biogas production. Compared with the existing crushing equipment, it saves kinetic energy and saves energy by 30%. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional view of the device of the utility model;

[0013] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A top view of

[0014] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a longitudinal cutter assembly;

[0015] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Side view of

[0016] Figure 5 is a bottom view of the top cover plate;

[0017] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the front transverse cutter assembly. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The utility model device comprises a frame 1, a side baffle 5, a transmission shaft 4, a longitudinal cutter assembly 9, a front transverse cutter assembly 12 and a rear transverse cutter assembly 17. The frame 1 has side baffles 5 on both sides of the front and rear sides. The transmission shaft 4 is mounted on the frame 1 below the side baffles 5. All transmission shafts 4 are in a horizontal state. Adjacent transmission shafts 4 are equidistant and parallel. Each end of the transmission shaft 4 has a transmission wheel 3. The middle part of the frame 1 has an upper compression roller shaft 7 and a lower compression roller shaft 8. The upper compression roller shaft 7 and the lower compression roller shaft 8 are connected to each other. The first-stage lower compression roller 8 is positioned correspondingly up and down, the first-stage upper compression roller 7 is mounted on the side baffle 5, the first-stage lower compression roller 8 is mounted on the frame 1, the side baffles 5 on both sides of the left side of the first-stage lower compression roller 8 gradually approach inward, and the distance between the side baffles 5 on both sides of the first-stage lower compression roller 8 is closer than the distance between the far ends, and there is an upper cover plate 6 on the top of the side baffle plate 5 on the left side of the first-stage lower compression roller 8, and the left end of the upper cover plate 6 is higher than the right end, and the longitudinal cutter assembly 9 is mounted on the frame 1, and the first-stage upper compression roller 7 and the first-stage lower compression roller 8 are connected to each other. On the right side of the compression roller shaft 8 and the longitudinal cutter assembly 9, a secondary upper compression roller shaft 10 and a secondary lower compression roller shaft 11 are installed. The secondary upper compression roller shaft 10 and the secondary lower compression roller shaft 11 have the same structure and installation method as the primary upper compression roller shaft 7 and the primary lower compression roller shaft 8. A front transverse cutter assembly 12 is installed on the right side frame 1 of the secondary upper compression roller shaft 10 and the secondary lower compression roller shaft 11. A vibrating screen 13 is installed below and on the right side of the front transverse cutter assembly 12. The vibrating screen 13 is high on the left and low on the right. , installed on the frame 1, a brush shaft 14 is arranged above the right edge of the vibrating screen 13, the brush shaft 14 is installed on the frame 1, a three-stage upper compression roller shaft 15 and a three-stage lower compression roller shaft 16 are installed on the frame 1 on the right side of the brush shaft 14, the three-stage upper compression roller shaft 15 and the three-stage lower compression roller shaft 16 have the same structure and installation method as the two-stage upper compression roller shaft 10 and the two-stage lower compression roller shaft 11, and a rear transverse cutter assembly 17 is installed on the right side of the frame 1 of the three-stage upper compression roller shaft 15 and the three-stage lower compression roller shaft 16.

[0019] The overall equipment can be disassembled into four parts, including the straw spreading and conveying part, the straw compacting and longitudinal cutting part, the transverse cutting part and the vibrating screen and secondary transverse cutting part. The straw spreading and conveying part is mainly composed of side baffles 5, transmission shaft 4 and upper cover 6. The transmission shaft 4 is driven by the transmission wheel 3 to rotate clockwise, and the bundle of straw is placed on the transmission shaft 4 from the left end. The axial direction of the straw is perpendicular to the axial direction of the transmission shaft 4. Driven by the transmission shaft 4, the straw moves to the right end. Since the side baffles 5 and the upper cover 6 are surrounded by a trumpet shape, the inner cavity becomes smaller from left to right, and the straw bundle becomes more and more solid; the straw compacting and longitudinal cutting part is composed of a first-level upper compression roller 7 and a first-level lower compression roller 8 and a longitudinal cutter assembly 9. The first-level upper compression roller 7 is driven to rotate counterclockwise, and the first-level lower compression roller 8 is driven to rotate clockwise. The straw bundle between them is pressed into sheets, and then cut into thin strips by the longitudinal cutter assembly 9; the transverse cutting part is composed of a second-level upper compression roller 10 and The second-level lower compression roller 11 and the front transverse cutter assembly 12 are composed of the second-level upper compression roller 10 and the second-level lower compression roller 11. The transverse cutting part is composed of the second-level upper compression roller 10 and the second-level lower compression roller 11, which press the straw cut into thin strips into sheets again, and the front transverse cutter assembly 12 cuts them transversely to form particles; the vibrating screen and the secondary transverse cutting part are composed of a vibrating screen 13, a brush shaft 14, a third-level upper compression roller 15, a third-level lower compression roller 16 and a rear transverse cutter assembly 17. The granular straw falls on the vibrating screen 13, and the vibrating screen 13 leaks the finished small particles, and the larger particles remain on the net and move to the right end of the vibrating screen 13. The brush shaft 14 rotates counterclockwise and uses the bristles to sweep the large-particle straw to between the third-level upper compression roller 15 and the third-level lower compression roller 16 for compaction, and finally cuts it into small particles by the rear transverse cutter assembly 17.

[0020] The longitudinal cutter assembly 9 is composed of a cutter disc 18, a longitudinal cutter shaft 19 and a blade 20. The cutter disc 18 is a square disc, mounted horizontally on the frame 1, and its upper surface height is between the upper and lower heights of the first-level lower compression roller shaft 8. The cutter disc 18 has a longitudinal strip groove 21, which is similar in shape to a grate. The longitudinal cutter shaft 19 is mounted on the frame 1 below the cutter disc 18, in the same direction as the transmission shaft 4. The blade 20 is disc-shaped, the same as the electric saw for cutting wood, and the center position is fixedly connected to the longitudinal cutter shaft 19. Each blade 20 is at an equal distance, corresponding to the position of the strip groove 21, and the upper part passes through the corresponding strip groove 21. The longitudinal cutter shaft is driven to rotate counterclockwise, and the sheet-like straw is cut into thin strips like cutting a wooden board.

[0021] There is a top cover plate 2 above the longitudinal cutter assembly 9, which is mounted on the frame 1. A longitudinal arc groove 22 is formed on the lower surface of the top cover plate 2, and each arc groove 22 corresponds to the position of a blade 20. When the blade 20 rotates, its top end is in the arc groove 22, and the sheet of straw moves to the right between the top cover plate 2 and the blade disc 18, so that the cutting effect is better.

[0022] The front transverse cutter assembly 12 is the same as the rear transverse cutter assembly 17, and is composed of two circular rings 23, support spokes 24, a transverse cutter shaft 25, and a cutter 26. The structure is similar to that of a roller harvester. The circular rings 23 are provided with radial support spokes 24, and the transverse cutter shaft 25 is installed at the intersection of the radial support spokes 24, that is, the center of the circular rings 23. The two sides of the transverse cutter shaft 25 are respectively connected to a circular ring 23, and the two ends of the transverse cutter shaft 25 are installed on the frame 1. The two ends of the cutter 26 are respectively fixed on the circular rings 23 on both sides, and the adjacent cutters 26 are equidistant and parallel to the transverse cutter shaft 25. The blade of the cutter 26 is in the tangent direction of the circular ring 23. The transverse cutter shaft 25 rotates counterclockwise to cut the compressed strip or large-particle straw into small particles.

[0023] The inclination angle of the vibrating screen 13 is 20-30 degrees to the horizontal plane. Granular straw screening effect is good.

[0024] Before crushing the straw, it is generally necessary to check whether there are any hard materials such as metal in the straw bundle to prevent damage to the cutter. If the straw is frozen in winter, ice breaking should also be carried out before crushing.

Claims

1. A straw crushing device suitable for biogas production, characterized in that: It mainly includes a frame, side baffles, a transmission shaft, a longitudinal cutter assembly, a front transverse cutter assembly and a rear transverse cutter assembly, which constitute straw crushing equipment suitable for biogas production. There are side baffles on the front and rear sides of the frame, the transmission shaft is installed on the frame below the side baffles, all transmission shafts are in a horizontal state, adjacent transmission shafts are equidistant and parallel, each transmission shaft has a transmission wheel at the end, and there is an upper compression roller and a lower compression roller in the middle part of the frame. The positions of the upper compression roller and the lower compression roller correspond to each other, the upper compression roller is installed on the side baffles, and the lower compression roller is installed on the frame. The side baffles on both sides of the left side of the lower compression roller gradually approach inward, and the distance between the side baffles on both sides of the lower compression roller is closer than the distance between the far ends. There is an upper cover on the top of the side baffle on the left side of the lower compression roller, and the left end of the upper cover is higher than the right end. The longitudinal cutter assembly is installed on the frame. , on the right side of the first-level upper compression roller and the first-level lower compression roller, the right side of the longitudinal cutter assembly is installed with a second-level upper compression roller and a second-level lower compression roller, the second-level upper compression roller and the second-level lower compression roller have the same structure and installation method as the first-level upper compression roller and the first-level lower compression roller, and the front transverse cutter assembly is installed on the right side frame of the second-level upper compression roller and the second-level lower compression roller, and a vibrating screen is provided below and on the right side of the front transverse cutter assembly, the vibrating screen is higher on the left and lower on the right, and is installed on the frame, and a brush shaft is provided above the right edge of the vibrating screen, and the brush shaft is installed on the frame, and a third-level upper compression roller and a third-level lower compression roller are installed on the frame on the right side of the brush shaft, the third-level upper compression roller and the third-level lower compression roller have the same structure and installation method as the second-level upper compression roller and the second-level lower compression roller, and a rear transverse cutter assembly is installed on the right side frame of the third-level upper compression roller and the third-level lower compression roller.

2. The straw crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The longitudinal cutter assembly consists of a cutter disc, a longitudinal cutter shaft and a blade. The cutter disc is a square disc, mounted horizontally on the frame, with its upper surface height between the upper and lower heights of the first-level lower compression roller shaft. There are longitudinal strip grooves on the cutter disc, and the longitudinal cutter shaft is mounted on the frame below the cutter disc, in the same direction as the transmission shaft. The blade is disc-shaped, and its center position is fixedly connected to the longitudinal cutter shaft. The distance between each blade is equal, corresponding to the position of the strip groove, and the upper part passes through the corresponding strip groove.

3. The straw crushing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A top cover plate is arranged above the longitudinal cutter assembly, the top cover plate is mounted on the frame, and a longitudinal arc groove is opened on the lower surface of the top cover plate, and each arc groove corresponds to a blade position.

4. The straw crushing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front transverse cutter assembly consists of two circular rings, supporting spokes, a transverse knife shaft, and a cutter. Radial supporting spokes are installed on the circular rings. The transverse knife shaft is installed at the intersection of the radial supporting spokes. The two sides of the transverse knife shaft are respectively connected to a circular ring. The two end heads of the transverse knife shaft are installed on the frame. The two ends of the cutter are respectively fixed on the circular rings on both sides. Adjacent cutters are equidistant and parallel to the transverse knife shaft. The blade of the cutter is in the tangent direction of the circular ring.

5. The straw crushing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inclination angle of the vibrating screen is 20-30 degrees to the horizontal plane.

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