Cone bearing gasket selecting device
By designing a device for pad selection for taper bearings, using precise positioning and adjustable preloading force, the problems of low efficiency and insufficient pass rate in the prior art are solved, and a more efficient and accurate pad selection process is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421380114.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-17
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-15
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-06-17
AI Technical Summary
The prior art has low efficiency and pass rate in the taper pad selection process that requires improvement, especially in the case of inconvenient operation and large measurement errors.
A taper bearing pad selection device is designed, which includes a tooling base, a pad selection mechanism, a sleeve, a screw plug and a compression spring. Through precise positioning and adjustable preloading force, an efficient pad selection process is achieved.
It significantly improves the efficiency and pass rate of pad selection, simplifies operation, reduces labor intensity, and improves the accuracy of pad selection.
Smart Images
Figure CN222755354U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of power shift transmission, relates to an electric drive axle transmission assembly, and specifically relates to a cone bearing pad selection device. Background Art
[0002] As a new domestic transmission technology solution for new energy commercial vehicles, the heavy-duty truck electric drive axle has steadily increased its share in the new energy commercial vehicle models launched in recent years. Major commercial vehicle and supporting power system manufacturers have already set off a wave of electric drive axle research and development and testing. In the field of commercial vehicles, most manufacturers have considered key factors such as space and life in the design of electric drive axle transmissions, and have widely used single-row tapered bearings in the selection of shaft bearings. Since the tapered bearing must ensure that its clearance is within a certain range under normal operating conditions, during the assembly process, after the shaft system is assembled in the housing, the relative position of the inner and outer rings must be adjusted to ensure the clearance of the tapered bearings at both ends of the shaft system. Different manufacturers have different design structures for adjusting the clearance. Most of them use the form of adding adjustment pads because they have obvious advantages in cost and technical complexity.
[0003] At present, for electric drive axles and even some other transmission assemblies that use tapered bearings, the general process scheme for selecting tapered bearing pads at home and abroad is: first apply external force to preload the outer ring of the bearing, then measure the gap and select the corresponding gasket, and after assembly, perform the starting torque test to determine whether the thickness of the tapered bearing gasket is reasonable, that is, whether the tapered bearing clearance meets the requirements. This scheme is relatively easy to implement and is used in batch automatic lines, small batch manual lines and sample box trial production and assembly. The common scheme of manually applying external force is to load a certain mass of weight on the outer ring of the tapered bearing to press the shaft system and eliminate the gap, and then measure and select the gasket of the corresponding thickness. The first problem of applying weight is that the operation is inconvenient. The weight generally needs to be more than 200N, and it is very laborious to carry it back and forth. At the same time, this scheme needs to design the shape of the weight according to the internal space layout of the gearbox to avoid interference, and the space required for measurement must be considered. Therefore, it often leads to low efficiency and high labor intensity in selecting pads. In addition to the scheme of applying weight, there is also the form of bolt force, combined with a special tooling structure, to press the outer ring of the bearing. This solution is labor-intensive and not complicated to implement. Its basic principle is to screw in the bolt to tighten the pressure head pressing on the outer ring of the bearing, and control the tightening force by controlling the bolt torque. The most obvious defect of this solution is that the bolt torque is converted into pressure, which is affected by many factors and cannot be accurately calculated. At the same time, the bolt and the pressure head are point contact, which is easy to cause pressure tilting, sliding and other phenomena, resulting in large measurement errors. Summary of the invention
[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the utility model is to provide a tapered bearing pad selection device to solve the technical problem that the efficiency and pass rate of the electric drive axle pad selection process in the prior art need to be further improved.
[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:
[0006] A tapered bearing pad selection device, the device comprising a tooling base, a horizontally arranged base plate of the tooling base having at least one pad selection mechanism installation hole, and a pad selection mechanism being detachably installed in the pad selection mechanism installation hole;
[0007] The pad selection mechanism includes a tapered bearing outer ring positioning seat, which is a hollow structure with open end faces of the small end and the large end in the vertical direction. The small end of the tapered bearing outer ring positioning seat is sleeved in the installation hole of the pad selection mechanism, and the large end of the tapered bearing outer ring positioning seat is located below the base plate. The shaft shoulder between the small end and the large end of the tapered bearing outer ring positioning seat is detachably fixed on the lower surface of the base plate.
[0008] The bottom of the sleeve is detachably fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the substrate, the top of the sleeve is closed and the bottom is open, and the sleeve is coaxially arranged with the mounting hole of the pad selection mechanism; a screw plug mounting hole is opened on the closed top of the sleeve, and a screw plug is detachably mounted in the screw plug mounting hole through a thread;
[0009] The small end of the tapered bearing outer ring positioning seat is sleeved with the small end of the tapered bearing outer ring pressure plate, and the tapered bearing outer ring pressure plate can be lifted and lowered vertically in the tapered bearing outer ring positioning seat. The large end of the tapered bearing outer ring pressure plate is located in the large end of the tapered bearing outer ring positioning seat, and the large end of the tapered bearing outer ring pressure plate has a cavity structure inside and an end face of the large end is open;
[0010] A compression spring installation blind hole is provided in the middle of the top surface of the small end of the tapered bearing outer ring pressure plate, and the bottom end of the compression spring is installed in the compression spring installation blind hole. The compression spring is vertically arranged, and the top end of the compression spring is pressed against the bottom end surface of the screw plug. The preload force of the compression spring can be adjusted by rotating the screw plug.
[0011] The utility model also has the following technical features:
[0012] Preferably, a plurality of through first measuring holes are evenly formed on the base plate around each pad selection mechanism; a second measuring hole corresponding to the first measuring hole and coaxially arranged is formed on the shoulder between the small end and the large end of the tapered bearing outer ring positioning seat.
[0013] Preferably, the tapered bearing outer ring locating seat is fitted on the outer ring of the tapered bearing with a small clearance.
[0014] Preferably, the top of the small end of the tapered bearing outer ring pressure plate is connected to the lower ends of multiple connecting rods, and the upper ends of the multiple connecting rods pass through the through holes opened on the top of the sleeve and are connected to the lifting ring, which is located at the upper part of the sleeve.
[0015] Preferably, a plurality of push rod positioning holes are provided at the top of the sleeve, a push rod is inserted into each push rod positioning hole, the top end of each push rod is connected to the lifting ring through a thread, and the bottom end of each push rod is provided with a wedge-shaped surface for facilitating the push rod to slide out of the push rod positioning hole.
[0016] Preferably, a handle is installed on the lifting ring.
[0017] Preferably, the inner diameter of the lifting ring is larger than the outer diameter of the screw plug.
[0018] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following technical effects:
[0019] (I) The device of the utility model greatly improves the efficiency and qualification rate of the pad selection process in the electric drive axle pad selection process.
[0020] (II) In terms of improving efficiency, the device of the utility model only needs to install the tooling once to complete the pad selection process of all shaft systems, which saves a lot of installation time compared with the traditional method of selecting pads for each bearing one by one.
[0021] (III) In terms of improving efficiency, in terms of measuring dimensions, the device of the utility model can use a depth gauge to correct the zero point with the shell joint surface as the reference, directly measure the depth of the outer ring of the tapered bearing after the gap is eliminated at the measuring hole, and obtain the thickness of the gasket by subtracting the depth from the bearing hole depth on the rear cover shell. The measurement is simple and the error is small.
[0022] (IV) In terms of quality improvement, the device of the utility model can achieve precise positioning with the shell, which can ensure the straightening of the shaft system, avoid the error caused by the inclination of the shaft system, and improve the pad selection accuracy.
[0023] (V) In terms of quality improvement, the device of the utility model applies pre-tightening force by compressing the spring, which is more accurate and simpler and easier to operate than the traditional method of placing heavy objects or tightening by bolts;
[0024] (VI) In terms of quality improvement, only one dimension needs to be measured, and the other related dimensions are guaranteed by the processing accuracy of the tooling itself, which greatly reduces the impact of measurement errors on system accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the utility model.
[0026] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the pad selection mechanism of the utility model.
[0027] The meanings of the numbers in the figure are: 1-tooling base, 101-base plate, 102-gasket selection mechanism mounting hole, 2-gasket selection mechanism, 3-taper bearing outer ring positioning seat, 4-sleeve, 5-screw plug mounting hole, 6-screw plug, 7-taper bearing outer ring pressure plate, 8-compression spring mounting blind hole, 9-compression spring, 10-handle, 11-first measuring hole, 12-second measuring hole, 13-connecting rod, 14-lifting ring, 15-pull rod positioning hole, 16-pull rod, 17-wedge surface.
[0028] The specific contents of the utility model are further explained in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0029] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, all devices and components in the present invention are devices and components known in the prior art.
[0030] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, and all equivalent changes made on the basis of the technical solution of the present application fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
[0031] Example:
[0032] This embodiment provides a tapered bearing pad selection device, such as Figure 1 As shown, the device comprises a tooling base 1, a horizontally arranged base plate 101 of the tooling base 1 is provided with at least one pad selection mechanism installation hole 102, and a pad selection mechanism 2 is detachably installed in the pad selection mechanism installation hole 102;
[0033] like Figure 2 As shown, the pad selection mechanism 2 includes a tapered bearing outer ring positioning seat 3, which is a hollow structure with open end faces of the small end and the large end in the vertical direction. The small end of the tapered bearing outer ring positioning seat 3 is sleeved in the pad selection mechanism mounting hole 102, and the large end of the tapered bearing outer ring positioning seat 3 is located below the base plate 101. The shaft shoulder between the small end and the large end of the tapered bearing outer ring positioning seat 3 is detachably fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the base plate 101.
[0034] like Figure 2 As shown, the bottom of the sleeve 4 is detachably fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the substrate 101, the top of the sleeve 4 is closed and the bottom is open, and the sleeve 4 is coaxially arranged with the pad selection mechanism mounting hole 102; a screw plug mounting hole 5 is opened at the closed top of the sleeve 4, and a screw plug 6 is detachably mounted in the screw plug mounting hole 5 through a thread;
[0035] like Figure 2As shown, the small end of the tapered bearing outer ring positioning seat 3 is sleeved with the small end of the tapered bearing outer ring pressure plate 7, and the tapered bearing outer ring pressure plate 7 can be lifted and lowered vertically in the tapered bearing outer ring positioning seat 3, and the large end of the tapered bearing outer ring pressure plate 7 is located in the large end of the tapered bearing outer ring positioning seat 3, and the large end of the tapered bearing outer ring pressure plate 7 is a hollow structure and the end face of the large end is open;
[0036] like Figure 2 As shown, a compression spring mounting blind hole 8 is provided in the middle of the top surface of the small end of the tapered bearing outer ring pressure plate 7, and the bottom end of a compression spring 9 is installed in the compression spring mounting blind hole 8. The compression spring 9 is vertically arranged, and the top end of the compression spring 9 is pressed against the bottom end surface of the screw plug 6. The preload force of the compression spring 9 can be adjusted by rotating the screw plug 6.
[0037] In this embodiment, there are multiple tapered bearing applications for electric drive axle transmission assemblies of different structures. According to the needs, multiple pad selection mechanisms 2 can be arranged at the same time to select pads.
[0038] In this embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the tooling base 1 accurately positions the tooling base 1 and the transmission housing through pin holes and locating pins. The mating surface between the tooling base 1 and the transmission housing is clamped by four bolts on both sides of the tooling base 1. In this embodiment, the tooling base 1 adopts a positioning method of two pins on one side, using locating pins for positioning and four bolts on both sides for clamping, which ensures that the tooling base 1 will not move during the assembly process, ensures the position accuracy of the shaft system and the stability when selecting the gasket, thereby ensuring the installation quality. In the integrated transmission rear cover housing without bearing cover design, this structure can solve the problem that the shaft system cannot be positioned when selecting the gasket.
[0039] As a preferred solution of this embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, a plurality of through first measuring holes 11 are evenly formed on the base plate 101 around each pad selection mechanism 2; a second measuring hole 12 corresponding to the first measuring hole 11 and coaxially arranged is formed on the shoulder between the small end and the large end of the tapered bearing outer ring positioning seat 3.
[0040] As a preferred solution of this embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, the tapered bearing outer ring positioning seat 3 is fitted on the outer ring of the tapered bearing with a small clearance. In this embodiment, the tapered bearing outer ring positioning seat 3 is used to radially limit the tapered bearing that needs to be padded, and through the accurate positional relationship between the tooling base 1 and the transmission housing, the shaft system is straightened to avoid measurement errors caused by the inclination of the shaft system. In this embodiment, the tapered bearing outer ring positioning seat 3 that matches the tapered bearing with a small clearance is used, which can not only ensure the straightening of the shaft system, but also ensure that when the preload force is applied, the tapered bearing outer ring positioning seat 3 has no additional resistance to the tapered bearing outer ring. Compared with the interference fit state of the bearing outer ring, the force is applied more accurately.
[0041] In this embodiment, the force application form of the compression spring 9 is adopted, which can accurately and evenly apply the preload force to the outer ring of the bearing, and can provide a variable preload force range for bearings of different sizes, so as to facilitate the adjustment of the preload force size.
[0042] As a preferred solution of this embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, the top of the small end of the tapered bearing outer ring pressure plate 7 is connected to the lower ends of multiple connecting rods 13, and the upper ends of the multiple connecting rods 13 pass through the through holes opened on the top of the sleeve 4 to be connected to the pulling ring 14, which is located at the upper part of the sleeve 4.
[0043] Further preferably, Figure 2 As shown, the top of the sleeve 4 is also provided with a plurality of push rod positioning holes 15, each of which is fitted with a push rod 16, the top of each push rod 16 is threadedly connected to the lifting ring 14, and the bottom of each push rod 16 is provided with a wedge-shaped surface 17 for facilitating the push rod 16 to slide out of the push rod positioning hole 15. By adopting the method of fixing the push rod 16, the outer ring pressure plate 7 of the tapered bearing can be lifted after the pad selection is completed, so as to avoid the difficulty of reinstalling the tooling base 1 caused by the tapered bearing outer ring pressure plate 7 not being fully returned after the pad selection.
[0044] Further preferably, Figure 1 As shown, the handle 10 is mounted on the lifting ring 14 .
[0045] Further preferably, Figure 2 As shown, the inner diameter of the lifting ring 14 is larger than the outer diameter of the screw plug 6. It is convenient to screw out the screw plug 6.
[0046] In this embodiment, the basic principle of the force application of the entire gasket selection mechanism is to apply pressure to the outer ring of the tapered bearing by screwing in the screw plug 6 and the compression spring 9 pushing the outer ring pressure plate 7 of the tapered bearing. According to the linear relationship of the compression spring 9 within its elastic range, the compression amount of the compression spring 9 is controlled by controlling the screwing depth of the screw plug 6, thereby controlling the preload force. After the force application is completed, the height of the bearing after compression is measured and the required gasket thickness is calculated. After completion, the screw plug 6 is screwed out, the lifting ring 14 is pulled up, and the outer ring pressure plate 7 of the tapered bearing is also lifted up through the connecting rod 13. At the same time, the push rod 16 is disengaged from the push rod positioning hole 15 on the sleeve 4, and the handle 10 is turned. The push rod 16 is pressed against the top of the sleeve 4. At this time, the outer ring pressure plate 7 of the tapered bearing is lifted and fixed, which is convenient for the next use.
[0047] The pad selection process of the tapered bearing pad selection device in the utility model is as follows:
[0048] Step 1: Mechanism installation:
[0049] Install the tooling base 1 of the tapered bearing selection device on the transmission case joint surface according to the drawing requirements, position the tapered bearing outer ring, and after installing it in place, tighten the two bolts on each side.
[0050] Step 2: Apply preload to the outer ring of the bearing:
[0051] Return the push rod 16 to the original position, so that the tapered bearing outer ring pressure plate 7 falls onto the bearing outer ring. According to the required preload force, screw the plug 6 to the required depth (the depth value has been calculated and marked on the tooling nameplate). The depth can be measured using a depth gauge.
[0052] Step 3: Dimension measurement:
[0053] Each tapered bearing is measured in turn through the first measuring hole 11 and the second measuring hole 12. During measurement, the depth gauge does not directly contact the tapered bearing, but contacts the upper surface of the shoulder between the small end and the large end of the tapered bearing outer ring pressure plate 7. Since the height of the tapered bearing outer ring pressure plate 7 is known, the depth value can be obtained indirectly. During measurement, first use the depth gauge to use the upper surface of the base plate 101 of the tooling base 1 as a reference and zero it with the transmission housing joint surface. Secondly, measure three depth values at the three evenly distributed first measuring holes 11 and second measuring holes 12 around the pad selection mechanism.
[0054] Step 4: Calculate the thickness of the gasket:
[0055] The theoretical thickness of the gasket is obtained by averaging the three measured values of each tapered bearing and subtracting the average value from the corresponding bearing hole depth of the rear cover. The bearing hole depth is determined according to the dimensional accuracy given in the drawing. If the drawing requires a large tolerance range, the bearing hole depth needs to be measured on site; if the drawing tolerance range is small, the median value can be used for calculation. After calculating the theoretical value of the gasket thickness, it needs to be adjusted according to the product design to obtain the actual assembled gasket thickness.
[0056] Step 5: Disassembly of the device:
[0057] After all the tapered bearings are selected, loosen the screw plug 6, pull up the lifting ring 14, and rotate the handle 10 so that the bottom end of the push rod 16 is against the upper end surface of the sleeve 4. Remove the fixing bolts of the joint surface and remove the tapered bearing selection device.
Claims
1. A tapered bearing pad selection device, comprising a tool base (1), a horizontally arranged base plate (101) of the tool base (1) having at least one pad selection mechanism mounting hole (102), characterized in that: A selection pad mechanism (2) is detachably mounted in the selection pad mechanism mounting hole (102); The pad selection mechanism (2) comprises a tapered bearing outer ring positioning seat (3), the tapered bearing outer ring positioning seat (3) is a hollow structure with open end faces at both the small end and the large end in the vertical direction, the small end of the tapered bearing outer ring positioning seat (3) is sleeved in the pad selection mechanism mounting hole (102), the large end of the tapered bearing outer ring positioning seat (3) is located below the base plate (101), and the shaft shoulder between the small end and the large end of the tapered bearing outer ring positioning seat (3) is detachably fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the base plate (101); The bottom of the sleeve (4) is detachably fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the base plate (101); the top of the sleeve (4) is closed and the bottom is open; the sleeve (4) is coaxially arranged with the pad selection mechanism mounting hole (102); a screw plug mounting hole (5) is opened at the closed top of the sleeve (4), and a screw plug (6) is detachably mounted in the screw plug mounting hole (5) via a thread; The small end of the tapered bearing outer ring positioning seat (3) is fitted with the small end of the tapered bearing outer ring pressure plate (7), and the tapered bearing outer ring pressure plate (7) can be lifted and lowered vertically in the tapered bearing outer ring positioning seat (3). The large end of the tapered bearing outer ring pressure plate (7) is located in the large end of the tapered bearing outer ring positioning seat (3), and the large end of the tapered bearing outer ring pressure plate (7) is a hollow structure, and the end surface of the large end is open. A compression spring mounting blind hole (8) is provided in the middle of the top surface of the small end of the tapered bearing outer ring pressure plate (7), and the bottom end of a compression spring (9) is installed in the compression spring mounting blind hole (8). The compression spring (9) is vertically arranged, and the top end of the compression spring (9) is pressed against the bottom end surface of the screw plug (6). The preload force of the compression spring (9) can be adjusted by rotating the screw plug (6).
2. The tapered bearing pad selection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of through first measuring holes (11) are evenly provided on the base plate (101) around each pad selection mechanism (2); and a second measuring hole (12) corresponding to the first measuring hole (11) and coaxially arranged is provided on the shaft shoulder between the small end and the large end of the tapered bearing outer ring positioning seat (3).
3. The tapered bearing pad selection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tapered bearing outer ring positioning seat (3) is fitted on the outer ring of the tapered bearing with a small clearance.
4. The tapered bearing pad selection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the small end of the tapered bearing outer ring pressure plate (7) is connected to the lower ends of multiple connecting rods (13), and the upper ends of the multiple connecting rods (13) pass through the through holes opened on the top of the sleeve (4) and are connected to the lifting ring (14), and the lifting ring (14) is located at the upper part of the sleeve (4).
5. The tapered bearing pad selection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The top of the sleeve (4) is also provided with a plurality of push rod positioning holes (15), each of which is fitted with a push rod (16), the top end of each push rod (16) being connected to the lifting ring (14) by means of a thread, and the bottom end of each push rod (16) being provided with a wedge-shaped surface (17) for facilitating the push rod (16) to slide out of the push rod positioning hole (15).
6. The tapered bearing pad selection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A handle (10) is installed on the lifting ring (14).
7. The tapered bearing pad selection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the lifting ring (14) is greater than the outer diameter of the screw plug (6).