Waveguide antenna structure and vehicle

Abstract

A waveguide antenna structure and a vehicle, the waveguide antenna structure comprises a waveguide transmission member and at least one waveguide antenna, and the waveguide transmission member is provided with a feed waveguide port, an antenna wave outlet and a transmission channel which is communicated with the feed waveguide port and the antenna wave outlet. The inner wall of the transmission channel is provided with at least two reflecting surfaces for reflecting electromagnetic waves and at least two matching steps for impedance matching; the waveguide antenna is provided with a resonant cavity, a plurality of gaps and an antenna wave inlet, the gaps and the antenna wave inlet are communicated with the resonant cavity, the waveguide antenna is detachably connected to the waveguide transmission piece, and the antenna wave inlet is coupled with the antenna wave outlet. The waveguide antenna is shorter in structural design time, more convenient in product updating, more mature in processing technology and low in loss.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of antennas, and in particular to a waveguide antenna structure and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the performance of new energy vehicles has been continuously improved, and its market has gradually expanded. Many Internet companies have entered the new energy vehicle market. The market share of traditional fuel vehicles has been declining year by year. Intelligent driving and unmanned driving technologies will also be gradually applied to new energy vehicles. Millimeter wave radar is one of the indispensable sensors for intelligent driving and unmanned driving. It is a vehicle-mounted radar that works in the millimeter wave frequency band. The vehicle radar system can effectively avoid traffic accidents, and can observe road conditions in real time and give prompts to drivers, which can greatly reduce the probability of traffic accidents.

[0003] At the current stage, a waveguide transmission line is used to achieve low-loss transmission of high-frequency millimeter waves. Waveguide transmission is currently mainly divided into coplanar waveguide and substrate integrated waveguide. In these two waveguide transmission modes, electromagnetic waves propagate in a specific medium. The electrical parameters of the medium have a great influence on its transmission performance. Compared with propagation in the air, the dielectric loss of these two propagation modes is relatively large, sometimes even up to 10 times or more. There is also a ridge waveguide transmission structure in waveguide transmission, which effectively solves the problem of high loss, but the processing cost is high, and it is sometimes difficult to process due to the limitations of the array arrangement of millimeter-wave radar waveguide antennas.

[0004] Today's complex electromagnetic environment places high demands on the radar's anti-interference ability. Antennas are the transceiver part of radars. The performance of antennas and the strength of their anti-interference ability will directly affect the performance of radars, which requires antennas to have high gain and low sidelobe characteristics. Waveguide slot antennas have such characteristics, and their all-metal antennas also represent advantages such as low loss, high efficiency, low profile and easy processing.

[0005] Most of the existing waveguide antennas with waveguide transmission lines are integrated designs of waveguide transmission lines and waveguide antennas. Each antenna corresponds to a specific waveguide transmission line and is fed separately. After being excited by a microstrip excitation source, the signal enters the waveguide transmission line, propagates through reflection in the waveguide transmission line, and reaches the waveguide antenna for radiation. Due to the integrated design, the workload is huge when updating the product, and each section of the waveguide transmission line needs to be redesigned separately, which is time-consuming and inefficient. Utility Model Content

[0006] In view of this, the utility model provides a waveguide antenna structure, which has a shorter design time, more convenient product updates, more mature processing technology and low loss.

[0007] A waveguide antenna structure comprises a waveguide transmission component and at least one waveguide antenna, wherein the waveguide transmission component is provided with a feed waveguide port, an antenna wave outlet port and a transmission channel respectively connected to the feed waveguide port and the antenna wave outlet port, wherein the inner wall of the transmission channel is provided with at least two reflection surfaces for reflecting electromagnetic waves and at least two matching steps for impedance matching; the waveguide antenna is provided with a resonant cavity and a plurality of slots and an antenna wave input port connected to the resonant cavity, the waveguide antenna is detachably connected to the waveguide transmission component, and the antenna wave input port is coupled to the antenna wave outlet port.

[0008] In an embodiment of the utility model, the two reflection surfaces are defined as a first reflection surface and a second reflection surface, and the two matching steps are defined as a first matching step and a second matching step; the first reflection surface and the first matching step are both arranged corresponding to the feeding waveguide port, the feeding waveguide port is used to receive electromagnetic waves propagating longitudinally, the first reflection surface is used to change the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave so that the electromagnetic wave propagates horizontally in the transmission channel, and the first matching step is used for impedance matching of the electromagnetic wave.

[0009] In an embodiment of the utility model, the above-mentioned second reflection surface and the second matching step are both arranged corresponding to the antenna wave output port, the second reflection surface is used to change the electromagnetic waves propagating horizontally in the transmission channel into longitudinal propagation, and transmit the electromagnetic waves from the antenna wave output port to the antenna wave input port, and the second matching step is used for impedance matching of electromagnetic waves.

[0010] In an embodiment of the utility model, the above-mentioned first matching step includes a first longitudinal surface and a first transverse surface that are vertically connected, the first transverse surface is opposite to the feeding waveguide port, the first transverse surface is connected to the edge of the first reflecting surface away from the edge of the first longitudinal surface, and the first reflecting surface is inclined relative to the longitudinal direction.

[0011] In an embodiment of the present invention, the angle between the first reflecting surface and the longitudinal direction is 45°.

[0012] In an embodiment of the utility model, the above-mentioned second matching step includes a second longitudinal surface and a second transverse surface vertically connected, the second transverse surface is opposite to the antenna outlet, the edge of the second transverse surface is away from the second longitudinal surface and is connected to the edge of the second reflecting surface, and the second reflecting surface is inclined relative to the longitudinal direction.

[0013] In an embodiment of the present invention, the angle between the second reflecting surface and the longitudinal direction is 45°.

[0014] In an embodiment of the present invention, the width of the first longitudinal surface along the longitudinal direction is 0.8 mm to 1.2 mm.

[0015] In an embodiment of the present invention, the width of the second longitudinal surface along the longitudinal direction is 0.8 mm to 1.2 mm.

[0016] In an embodiment of the utility model, the transmission channel includes a first transmission segment and a second transmission segment which are interconnected, and an arc segment connected between the first transmission segment and the second transmission segment, the length directions of the first transmission segment and the second transmission segment are arranged at an angle, the feeding waveguide port is connected to the first transmission segment, and the antenna waveguide outlet is connected to the second transmission segment.

[0017] In an embodiment of the present utility model, the cross-sectional shapes of the first transmission segment, the second transmission segment and the arc segment are rectangular, and the widths of the first transmission segment, the second transmission segment and the arc segment are all equal.

[0018] In an embodiment of the present invention, the outer turning radius of the arc segment is 4 mm to 4.5 mm.

[0019] In an embodiment of the present invention, the length directions of the first transmission section and the second transmission section are arranged at an angle of 90°.

[0020] In an embodiment of the present utility model, the aperture sizes of the feeding waveguide port, the antenna wave output port and the antenna wave input port are all equal.

[0021] In an embodiment of the utility model, the aperture dimensions of the feed waveguide port, the antenna wave output port and the antenna wave input port adopt the national standard rectangular waveguide dimensions.

[0022] In an embodiment of the utility model, the above-mentioned waveguide antenna structure includes at least two waveguide antennas, and the two waveguide antennas are defined as a first waveguide antenna and a second waveguide antenna. The number of slots on the first waveguide antenna is different from the number of slots on the second waveguide antenna. The first waveguide antenna and the second waveguide antenna can be selectively installed on the waveguide transmission component.

[0023] In an embodiment of the present utility model, seven slots are provided on the first waveguide antenna.

[0024] In an embodiment of the present invention, 11 slots are provided on the second waveguide antenna.

[0025] In an embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of slots are alternately offset to both sides along the center line of the antenna.

[0026] In an embodiment of the present invention, the distance between two adjacent slots is arranged according to the half-wave waveguide length.

[0027] In an embodiment of the present utility model, the size of the resonant cavity is the national standard waveguide size.

[0028] The present application also relates to a vehicle, comprising the above-mentioned waveguide antenna structure.

[0029] Compared with the traditional microstrip patch antenna, the waveguide antenna structure of the utility model has higher gain, wider bandwidth and greater power capacity; because the waveguide antenna of the present application can be replaced, its design time is shorter, product updates are more convenient, the processing technology is more mature, and the loss is low, which can meet the modular requirements of vehicle-mounted millimeter-wave radar waveguide antennas. The waveguide antenna structure of the present application adopts electric field coupling to realize mode conversion. The electromagnetic wave undergoes at least two reflections and at least two impedance matchings in the waveguide transmission component to realize the feeding of the waveguide antenna. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the waveguide antenna structure of the first embodiment of the present application.

[0031] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A perspective structural diagram of the waveguide antenna structure shown.

[0032] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the top view of the waveguide antenna structure is shown.

[0033] Figure 4 It is a perspective schematic diagram showing the feeding waveguide port of the waveguide antenna structure of the first embodiment of the present application.

[0034] Figure 5 It is a perspective schematic diagram showing the antenna wave output port of the waveguide antenna structure of the first embodiment of the present application.

[0035] Figure 6 It is a gain diagram of the waveguide antenna structure of the first embodiment of the present application.

[0036] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the waveguide antenna structure of the second embodiment of the present application.

[0037] Figure 8 It is a gain diagram of the waveguide antenna structure of the second embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following is an explanation of the implementation of the present application by means of specific embodiments. People familiar with the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present application from the contents disclosed in this specification.

[0039] In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which describe several embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that other embodiments may be used and that mechanical, structural, electrical, and operational changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. The following detailed description should not be considered limiting, and the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present application.

[0040] Although the terms first, second, etc. are used herein to describe various elements in some instances, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element.

[0041] Furthermore, as used in this article, the singular forms "one", "an" and "the" are intended to include plural forms as well, unless there is an indication to the contrary in the context. It should be further understood that the terms "comprise", "include" indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, elements, components, projects, kinds, and / or groups, but do not exclude the presence, occurrence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, projects, kinds, and / or groups. The terms "or" and "and / or" used herein are interpreted as inclusive, or mean any one or any combination. Therefore, "A, B or C" or "A, B and / or C" means "any of the following: A; B; C; A and B; A and C; B and C; A, B and C". Only when the combination of elements, functions, steps or operations is inherently mutually exclusive in some way, will there be an exception to this definition.

[0042] First embodiment

[0043] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a top view of the waveguide antenna structure of the first embodiment of the present application, Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A perspective structural diagram of a waveguide antenna structure is shown, Figure 3 yes Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the top view of the waveguide antenna structure is shown in FIG. Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the waveguide antenna structure includes:

[0044] A waveguide transmission component 12 is provided with a feed waveguide port 101, an antenna waveguide port 102, and a transmission channel 103 respectively connected to the feed waveguide port 101 and the antenna waveguide port 102, and the inner wall of the transmission channel 103 is provided with at least two reflection surfaces 121 for reflecting electromagnetic waves and at least two matching steps 122 for impedance matching; and

[0045] At least one waveguide antenna 13 is provided with a resonant cavity 104 and a plurality of slots 105 communicating with the resonant cavity 104 and an antenna wave input port 106 . The waveguide antenna 13 is detachably connected to the waveguide transmission component 12 , and the antenna wave input port 106 is coupled to the antenna wave output port 102 .

[0046] When the waveguide antenna structure needs to change the gain, it can be achieved by simply replacing the waveguide antenna 13 on the waveguide transmission component 12; the feeding unit is coupled to the feeding waveguide port 101 of the waveguide transmission component 12, and the electromagnetic wave is coupled to the feeding waveguide port 101 through the feeding unit, so that the electric field mode is converted from the quasi-TEM mode to the waveguide mode; the electromagnetic wave is transmitted to the waveguide antenna 13 through the waveguide transmission component 12, and is transmitted out from each gap 105.

[0047] Compared with the traditional microstrip patch antenna, the waveguide antenna structure of the present application has higher gain, wider bandwidth and greater power capacity; because the waveguide antenna 13 of the present application can be replaced, its design time is shorter, product updates are more convenient, processing technology is more mature, and loss is low, which can meet the modular requirements of the vehicle-mounted millimeter wave radar waveguide antenna 13. The waveguide antenna structure of the present application adopts electric field coupling to realize mode conversion, and the electromagnetic wave is reflected at least twice and impedance matched at least twice in the waveguide transmission element 12 to realize the feeding of the waveguide antenna 13.

[0048] Optionally, Figure 4 FIG. 1 is a perspective schematic diagram of the waveguide antenna structure of the first embodiment of the present application showing the feed waveguide port. Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, two reflection surfaces 121 are defined as a first reflection surface 121a and a second reflection surface 121b, and two matching steps 122 are defined as a first matching step 122a and a second matching step 122b; the first reflection surface 121a and the first matching step 122a are both arranged corresponding to the feeding waveguide port 101, the feeding waveguide port 101 is used to receive electromagnetic waves propagating longitudinally, the first reflection surface 121a is used to change the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave so that the electromagnetic wave propagates horizontally in the transmission channel 103, and the first matching step 122a is used for impedance matching of the electromagnetic wave. In this embodiment, the number of the reflection surfaces 121 and the matching steps 122 can be 3, 4, or 5, which can be freely selected according to actual needs.

[0049] Optionally, Figure 5 FIG. 1 is a perspective schematic diagram of the waveguide antenna structure of the first embodiment of the present application showing the antenna wave outlet, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 and Figure 5As shown, the second reflection surface 121b and the second matching step 122b are both arranged corresponding to the antenna wave output port 102. The second reflection surface 121b is used to change the electromagnetic wave propagating horizontally in the transmission channel 103 into longitudinal propagation, and transmit the electromagnetic wave from the antenna wave output port 102 to the antenna wave input port 106. The second matching step 122b is used for impedance matching of the electromagnetic wave. In this embodiment, the electromagnetic wave propagating longitudinally output by the feeding unit enters the transmission channel 103 from the feeding waveguide port 101. The electromagnetic wave propagating longitudinally is reflected by the first reflection surface 121a and propagates horizontally. The electromagnetic wave propagating horizontally is reflected by the second reflection surface 121b and propagates longitudinally. It enters the resonant cavity 104 of the waveguide antenna 13 through the antenna wave output port 102 and the antenna wave input port 106. The electromagnetic wave propagates horizontally in the resonant cavity 104 and propagates out from each gap 105.

[0050] Alternatively, if Figure 4 As shown, the first matching step 122a includes a first longitudinal surface 1221 and a first transverse surface 1222 connected vertically, the first transverse surface 1222 is directly opposite to the feeding waveguide port 101, the edge of the first transverse surface 1222 away from the first longitudinal surface 1221 is connected to the edge of the first reflection surface 121a, and the first reflection surface 121a is inclined relative to the longitudinal direction. The first matching step 122a of the present application can improve the processing tolerance while achieving the function of a matching structure. After the electromagnetic wave is reflected by the first reflection surface 121a, it enters the first matching step 122a to match to the transmission channel 103. In this embodiment, the first longitudinal surface 1221 is arranged along the longitudinal direction, that is, the first longitudinal surface 1221 is parallel to the longitudinal direction; the first transverse surface 1222 is arranged along the transverse direction, that is, the first transverse surface 1222 is parallel to the transverse direction.

[0051] Alternatively, if Figure 4 As shown, the included angle between the first reflecting surface 121a and the longitudinal direction is 45°; the included angle between the first reflecting surface 121a and the first transverse surface 1222 is 135°.

[0052] Alternatively, if Figure 5As shown, the second matching step 122b includes a second longitudinal surface 1223 and a second transverse surface 1224 connected vertically, the second transverse surface 1224 is directly opposite to the antenna outlet 102, the edge of the second transverse surface 1224 away from the second longitudinal surface 1223 is connected to the edge of the second reflective surface 121b, and the second reflective surface 121b is inclined relative to the longitudinal direction. The second matching step 122b of the present application can improve the processing tolerance while achieving the function of a matching structure. After the electromagnetic wave is matched by the second matching step 122b, it is reflected to the antenna outlet 102 by the second reflective surface 121b. In this embodiment, the second longitudinal surface 1223 is arranged along the longitudinal direction, that is, the second longitudinal surface 1223 is parallel to the longitudinal direction; the second transverse surface 1224 is arranged along the transverse direction, that is, the second transverse surface 1224 is parallel to the transverse direction.

[0053] Alternatively, if Figure 5 As shown, the included angle between the second reflecting surface 121 b and the longitudinal direction is 45°; the included angle between the second reflecting surface 121 b and the second transverse surface 1224 is 135°.

[0054] Optionally, a width of the first longitudinal surface 1221 along the longitudinal direction is 0.8 mm to 1.2 mm, for example, 0.9 mm, 1.0 mm, or 1.1 mm.

[0055] Optionally, the width of the second longitudinal surface 1223 along the longitudinal direction is 0.8 mm to 1.2 mm, for example, 0.9 mm, 1.0 mm, or 1.1 mm.

[0056] Optionally, the depth of the feeding waveguide opening 101 along the longitudinal direction is 1 mm to 2 mm, for example, 1.1 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.5 mm, 1.7 mm, or 1.9 mm.

[0057] Optionally, the transmission channel 103 includes a first transmission segment 1031 and a second transmission segment 1032 which are interconnected, and an arc segment 1033 connected between the first transmission segment 1031 and the second transmission segment 1032. The length directions of the first transmission segment 1031 and the second transmission segment 1032 are arranged at an angle, the feeding waveguide port 101 is connected to the first transmission segment 1031, and the antenna waveguide port 102 is connected to the second transmission segment 1032.

[0058] Optionally, the cross-sectional shape of the first transmission segment 1031, the second transmission segment 1032 and the arc segment 1033 is rectangular, and the widths of the first transmission segment 1031, the second transmission segment 1032 and the arc segment 1033 are equal, which can ensure the stability of signal transmission. The width of each part of the transmission channel 103 is 1.2mm~2mm, for example 1.4mm, 1.5mm, 1.6mm, 1.8mm.

[0059] Optionally, the outer turning radius of the arc segment 1033 is 4 mm to 4.5 mm, for example, 4.1 mm, 4.2 mm, 4.3 mm, or 4.4 mm.

[0060] Optionally, the length directions of the first transmission section 1031 and the second transmission section 1032 are arranged at an angle of 90°.

[0061] Optionally, the aperture sizes of the feed waveguide port 101, the antenna wave output port 102, and the antenna wave input port 106 are all equal. Since the size of the antenna wave output port 102 and the antenna wave input port 106 of the present application is consistent, the waveguide transmission component 12 and the waveguide antenna 13 of the present application have a certain processing tolerance. Under the tolerance of 0.1mm, the alignment error of the waveguide transmission component 12 and the waveguide antenna 13 has little effect on the overall performance of the radar and is within the error range, so the waveguide antenna structure of the present application is completely practical in engineering.

[0062] Optionally, the aperture sizes of the feed waveguide port 101 , the antenna wave output port 102 and the antenna wave input port 106 adopt national standard rectangular waveguide sizes, so that the replacement of the new waveguide antenna 13 can perfectly match the waveguide transmission element 12 .

[0063] Optionally, the waveguide antenna structure includes at least two waveguide antennas 13, and the two waveguide antennas 13 are defined as a first waveguide antenna and a second waveguide antenna. The number of slots 105 on the first waveguide antenna is different from the number of slots 105 on the second waveguide antenna. The first waveguide antenna and the second waveguide antenna can be selectively installed on the waveguide transmission element 12. In this embodiment, the first waveguide antenna and the second waveguide antenna have the same structure, only the number of slots 105 is different, and the size of the antenna wave entrance 106 of the two is the same. The first waveguide antenna and the second waveguide antenna can be fed separately, thereby realizing the replaceable function of the waveguide antenna 13, greatly shortening the design time, and providing great convenience for product upgrading.

[0064] Alternatively, if Figure 1 As shown, seven slots 105 are provided on the first waveguide antenna.

[0065] Optionally, the plurality of slots 105 are alternately offset to both sides along the center line of the antenna, and the offset satisfies Chebyshev distribution.

[0066] Optionally, the distance between two adjacent slots 105 is arranged according to the half-wave waveguide length λg. Wherein a is the width of the feeding waveguide opening 101 .

[0067] Optionally, the size of the resonant cavity 104 is a national standard waveguide size.

[0068] Optionally, Figure 6Schematic diagram of the gain of the waveguide antenna structure of the first embodiment of the present application. Figure 6 As shown, at an operating frequency of 76.5 GHz, the peak gain of the antenna can reach 16 dBi, and the horizontal beam gain can be maintained above 6 dBi at a large angle, and the side lobe is below -18 dBi.

[0069] The waveguide antenna structure of the present application can realize the modularization of the waveguide antenna 13 and the waveguide transmission element 12, which is more flexible and can be adjusted more quickly according to actual conditions. At the same time, it shortens the assembly time and is convenient for designers to test the antenna performance. It saves a lot of time for the replacement and performance improvement of radars, and is of great significance to the production and development of waveguide antenna structures.

[0070] Second embodiment

[0071] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a top view of the waveguide antenna structure of the second embodiment of the present application. Figure 7 As shown, the waveguide antenna structure of this embodiment is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment, and the difference lies in the waveguide antenna 13. In this embodiment, 11 slots 105 are provided on the second waveguide antenna.

[0072] Optionally, Figure 8 is a gain diagram of the waveguide antenna structure of the second embodiment of the present application. Figure 8 As shown, after replacing the first waveguide antenna with the second waveguide antenna, the antenna gain has been significantly improved to 17.81dBi, and the waveguide transmission component 12 and the second waveguide antenna can be perfectly adapted, so there is no need to design a new waveguide transmission component 12 to adapt to the second waveguide antenna, and good performance can be obtained. Compared with the traditional integrated waveguide transmission line plus waveguide antenna, this example proposes a replaceable antenna structure for the first time, and while maintaining the performance effect, it saves design time, and fully considers the processing tolerance. Under the premise of using the national standard waveguide size, the waveguide transmission component 12 and the waveguide antenna 13 are perfectly adapted.

[0073] Third embodiment

[0074] The present application also relates to a vehicle, comprising the above-mentioned waveguide antenna structure.

[0075] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Anyone familiar with the technology may modify or change the above embodiments without violating the spirit and scope of the present application. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or changes made by a person of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed in the present application shall still be covered by the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A waveguide antenna structure, characterized in that: include: A waveguide transmission component, provided with a feed waveguide port, an antenna wave outlet port, and a transmission channel respectively connected to the feed waveguide port and the antenna wave outlet port, wherein the inner wall of the transmission channel is provided with at least two reflection surfaces for reflecting electromagnetic waves and at least two matching steps for impedance matching; as well as At least one waveguide antenna is provided with a resonant cavity and a plurality of slots and an antenna wave input port connected to the resonant cavity. The waveguide antenna is detachably connected to the waveguide transmission component, and the antenna wave input port is coupled to the antenna wave output port.

2. The waveguide antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Include at least one of the following: Define the two reflection surfaces as a first reflection surface and a second reflection surface, and define the two matching steps as a first matching step and a second matching step; The first reflection surface and the first matching step are both arranged corresponding to the feeding waveguide port, the feeding waveguide port is used to receive electromagnetic waves propagating longitudinally, the first reflection surface is used to change the propagation direction of the electromagnetic waves so that the electromagnetic waves propagate transversely in the transmission channel, and the first matching step is used for impedance matching of the electromagnetic waves; The second reflecting surface and the second matching step are both arranged corresponding to the antenna wave output port. The second reflecting surface is used to change the electromagnetic waves propagating horizontally in the transmission channel into longitudinal propagation, and transmit the electromagnetic waves from the antenna wave output port to the antenna wave input port. The second matching step is used for impedance matching of electromagnetic waves.

3. The waveguide antenna structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: Include at least one of the following: The first matching step comprises a first longitudinal surface and a first transverse surface connected vertically, the first transverse surface is directly opposite to the feeding waveguide port, the first transverse surface is away from the edge of the first longitudinal surface and connected to the edge of the first reflecting surface, and the first reflecting surface is inclined relative to the longitudinal direction; The angle between the first reflecting surface and the longitudinal direction is 45°; The second matching step includes a second longitudinal surface and a second transverse surface connected vertically, the second transverse surface faces the antenna wave outlet, the edge of the second transverse surface away from the second longitudinal surface is connected to the edge of the second reflective surface, and the second reflective surface is inclined relative to the longitudinal direction; The included angle between the second reflecting surface and the longitudinal direction is 45°.

4. The waveguide antenna structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: Include at least one of the following: The width of the first longitudinal surface along the longitudinal direction is 0.8 mm to 1.2 mm; The width of the second longitudinal surface along the longitudinal direction is 0.8 mm to 1.2 mm.

5. The waveguide antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The transmission channel includes a first transmission segment and a second transmission segment that are interconnected, and an arc segment connected between the first transmission segment and the second transmission segment. The length directions of the first transmission segment and the second transmission segment are arranged at an angle. The feeding waveguide port is connected to the first transmission segment, and the antenna waveguide outlet is connected to the second transmission segment.

6. The waveguide antenna structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cross-sectional shapes of the first transmission segment, the second transmission segment and the arc segment are rectangular, and the widths of the first transmission segment, the second transmission segment and the arc segment are all equal.

7. The waveguide antenna structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: Include at least one of the following: The outer turning radius of the arc segment is 4 mm to 4.5 mm; The length directions of the first transmission section and the second transmission section are arranged at an angle of 90°; The aperture sizes of the feed waveguide port, the antenna wave output port and the antenna wave input port are all equal; The aperture dimensions of the feed waveguide port, the antenna wave output port and the antenna wave input port adopt the national standard rectangular waveguide dimensions.

8. The waveguide antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The waveguide antenna structure includes at least two waveguide antennas, which are defined as a first waveguide antenna and a second waveguide antenna. The number of slots on the first waveguide antenna is different from the number of slots on the second waveguide antenna. The first waveguide antenna and the second waveguide antenna can be selectively installed on the waveguide transmission component.

9. The waveguide antenna structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: Include at least one of the following: The first waveguide antenna is provided with 7 slots; The second waveguide antenna is provided with 11 slots; The plurality of slots are alternately offset to both sides along the center line of the antenna; The distance between two adjacent slots is arranged according to the half-wave waveguide length; The size of the resonant cavity is the national standard waveguide size.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that: A waveguide antenna structure comprising any one of claims 1 to 9.

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