Press fitting device

Abstract

The utility model provides a press-fitting device, which relates to the technical field of automobile part assembly, and comprises a rack, a press-fitting device, a press-fitting device and a press-fitting device, the first driving mechanism is installed on the rack and located above the workpiece to be pressed, and the output end of the first driving mechanism is used for moving in the vertical direction; and the second driving mechanism is installed on the rack and located below the to-be-pressed workpiece, and the output end of the second driving mechanism is used for moving in the vertical direction so as to be inserted into or withdrawn from the shaft hole of the to-be-pressed workpiece. Thus, when the press-fitting device is adopted to press the planet wheel shaft to the planet carrier to be assembled, the second driving mechanism can be utilized to provide stable and continuous supporting force for the planet wheel shaft, and therefore the automation degree of assembly, the stability of assembly and the one-time assembly qualification rate are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of automobile parts assembly, in particular to a press-fitting device. Background Art

[0002] In the new energy vehicle industry, planetary reduction mechanisms have become one of the mainstream structures of reducers in electric drive systems. Moreover, due to the compact structure and high transmission efficiency of planetary reduction mechanisms, they are very consistent with the drive assembly requirements of new energy vehicles for high efficiency and small installation space, but the compact structure will place higher requirements on the assembly process.

[0003] At present, the planetary reduction mechanism mainly includes an outer ring gear, a planetary gear, a planetary carrier and a sun gear. Among them, the planetary gear shaft of the planetary gear usually adopts the liquid ammonia cold assembly method and the planetary carrier has an interference fit, which makes the assembly between the planetary gear shaft and the planetary carrier have many assembly steps and a complicated assembly process.

[0004] In the prior art, the planetary axles are usually manually assembled by skilled assembly technicians, but this assembly method is prone to the following problems: First, due to the lack of manual proficiency and stability, the planetary axles are prone to rapid heating due to contact with other parts for too long during the assembly process, causing the fitting relationship between the planetary axles and the shaft holes on the planetary carrier to change from a clearance fit to an interference fit, resulting in the planetary axles getting stuck during the assembly process, and then leading to assembly failure; second, when manually inserting the planetary axles, the planetary axles need to contact the mandrel tooling, and when the planetary axles continue to be inserted, the mandrel tooling needs to be withdrawn synchronously, and since manual assembly cannot stably and continuously keep the planetary axles in contact with the mandrel tooling, it is easy for parts such as gaskets to not be penetrated by the planetary axles and fall off, resulting in assembly failure, and it will also cause parts to collide. Utility Model Content

[0005] The problem solved by the utility model is: how to improve the assembly efficiency while ensuring the assembly qualification rate of the planetary gear shaft and the planetary carrier.

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the utility model provides a press-fitting device.

[0007] The utility model provides a press-fitting device, comprising:

[0008] A frame, used for carrying the workpiece to be pressed;

[0009] A first driving mechanism is installed on the frame and is located above the workpiece to be pressed, and an output end of the first driving mechanism is used to move in a vertical direction;

[0010] The second driving mechanism is installed on the frame and is located below the workpiece to be pressed. The output end of the second driving mechanism is used to move in a vertical direction to insert into or withdraw from the axial hole of the workpiece to be pressed.

[0011] Optionally, the pressing device also includes a guide tooling for connecting to the upper end of the workpiece to be pressed, the guide tooling is provided with a guide groove extending through the vertical direction, the guide groove is used to accommodate the shaft workpiece, and the output end of the first driving mechanism is used to drive the shaft workpiece to pass through the guide groove and be inserted into the shaft hole of the workpiece to be pressed.

[0012] Optionally, a limiting groove is provided on the groove wall of the guide groove, and the limiting groove is arranged to penetrate along the vertical direction and is used to communicate with the angular limiting groove on the workpiece to be pressed.

[0013] Optionally, the guide tooling is further provided with a limiting boss, the workpiece to be pressed is provided with a through hole, and the limiting boss is used to be inserted into the through hole.

[0014] Optionally, the press-fitting device further comprises a turntable rotatably connected to the frame, the workpiece to be press-fitted is used to be fixed on the turntable, and the output end of the second driving mechanism is used to pass through the turntable and the shaft hole.

[0015] Optionally, one of the frame and the turntable is provided with a limit pin, and the other of the frame and the turntable is provided with a limit hole, and the limit pin is used to be inserted into the limit hole when the turntable rotates to a set position.

[0016] Optionally, the output end of the first driving mechanism and the output end of the second driving mechanism are coaxially arranged in the vertical direction.

[0017] Optionally, the first driving mechanism includes a first telescopic cylinder and a pressing head, the pressing head is connected to the first telescopic cylinder, and the first telescopic cylinder is used to drive the pressing head to move in a vertical direction.

[0018] Optionally, the second driving mechanism includes a second telescopic cylinder, a positioning guide rod and a guide sleeve, the guide sleeve is connected to the frame and sleeved on the positioning guide rod, the positioning guide rod is used to be connected to the second telescopic cylinder, and the second telescopic cylinder is used to drive the positioning guide rod to move upward to insert or withdraw from the axial hole of the workpiece to be pressed.

[0019] Optionally, a guide structure is provided at the upper end of the positioning guide rod, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the guide structure decreases from bottom to top.

[0020] The beneficial effect of the press-fitting device of the utility model is as follows: a frame can be provided to carry a workpiece to be pressed, such as a planetary carrier to be assembled, and a first driving mechanism can be provided on the frame, and the first driving mechanism can be located above the workpiece to be pressed. In this way, when the press-fitting device is used to press-fit the planetary carrier to be assembled, the first driving mechanism can be used to drive, for example, the planetary gear shaft to move downward, so that the planetary gear shaft can be pressed onto the planetary carrier to be assembled at one time, which greatly reduces the occurrence of assembly failures due to slight jamming of the planetary gear shaft, thereby improving the assembly efficiency and one-time assembly pass rate of the planetary gear shaft. At the same time, by arranging a second driving mechanism on the frame and making the second driving mechanism located below the workpiece waiting to be pressed on the planetary carrier to be assembled, the second driving mechanism can be used to drive the auxiliary shaft, for example, inserted in the axial hole of the planetary carrier to be assembled, to move upward, thereby ejecting the auxiliary shaft and replacing the auxiliary shaft to insert into the planetary carrier to keep the parts, such as bearings and gaskets, at the axial hole pre-positioned; and, when the first driving mechanism presses downward on, for example, a planetary axle, the second driving mechanism can also be used to abut against the lower end of the planetary axle and move downward with the planetary axle to provide a stable and continuous supporting force to the planetary axle. Compared with manual assembly, this can not only avoid the leakage and scattering of parts such as gaskets, but also greatly improve the degree of automation and stability of assembly, thereby further improving the one-time assembly pass rate of the planetary axle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the press-fitting device in the embodiment of the utility model when no guide tooling is provided;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the press-fitting device in the embodiment of the utility model when a guide tool is provided;

[0023] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of the medium pressure device from another perspective;

[0024] Figure 4 for Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of the medium pressure device from another perspective;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the guide tooling in the embodiment of the utility model;

[0026] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of another perspective of the guide tooling in the embodiment of the utility model;

[0027] Figure 7 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the press-fitting device in the embodiment of the utility model in the initial state;

[0028] Figure 8 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the first driving mechanism in the embodiment of the utility model when the auxiliary core rod is pressed onto the planet carrier;

[0029] Fig. 9 for Figure 8 A partial enlarged view of the middle part;

[0030] Fig.10 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the second driving mechanism in the embodiment of the utility model when the auxiliary shaft is ejected;

[0031] Fig.11 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the press-fitting device in the embodiment of the utility model when the planetary gear shaft is installed into the guide tooling;

[0032] Fig.12 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the first driving mechanism in the embodiment of the utility model when the planetary gear shaft is pressed onto the planetary carrier.

[0033] Description of reference numerals:

[0034] 1. Frame; 11. Workbench; 112. Third mounting bracket; 12. Support bracket; 13. First mounting bracket; 14. Second mounting bracket; 2. First driving mechanism; 21. First telescopic cylinder; 22. Press head; 3. Second driving mechanism; 31. Second telescopic cylinder; 32. Positioning guide rod; 321. Guide structure; 33. Guide sleeve; 4. Guide tooling; 41. Connecting part; 411. Through hole; 412. Notch; 42. Guide part; 43. Guide groove; 44. Limit groove; 45. Limit boss; 5. Turntable; 51. Base; 52. Support table; 6. Limit pin; 7. Limit hole; 800. Workpiece to be pressed; 810. Shaft hole; 820. Angular limit groove; 830. Through hole; 900. Shaft workpiece; 910. Auxiliary shaft; 920. Planetary gear shaft. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the utility model more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the utility model are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Although some embodiments of the utility model are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the utility model can be implemented in various forms and should not be interpreted as being limited to the embodiments described here. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to more thoroughly and completely understand the utility model. It should be understood that the drawings and embodiments of the utility model are only for exemplary purposes and are not used to limit the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0036] The Z axis in the accompanying drawings represents the vertical direction, that is, the up and down position, and the positive direction of the Z axis represents the top, and the reverse direction of the Z axis represents the bottom; the X axis in the accompanying drawings represents the horizontal direction, and is designated as the front and back position, and the positive direction of the X axis represents the front side, and the reverse direction of the X axis represents the back side; the Y axis in the accompanying drawings represents the left and right positions, and the positive direction of the Y axis represents the left side, and the reverse direction of the Y axis represents the right side. It should also be noted that the aforementioned Z axis, Y axis, and X axis are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0037] The term "including" and its variations used in this article are open inclusions, that is, "including but not limited to"; the term "based on" means "based at least in part on"; the term "one embodiment" means "at least one embodiment"; the term "another embodiment" means "at least one other embodiment"; the term "some embodiments" means "at least some embodiments"; the term "optionally" means "optional embodiments". The relevant definitions of other terms will be given in the following description. It should be noted that the concepts of "first", "second", etc. mentioned in the present utility model are only used to distinguish different devices, modules or units, and are not used to limit the order or interdependence of the functions performed by these devices, modules or units.

[0038] It should be noted that the modifications of "one" and "plurality" mentioned in the present invention are illustrative rather than restrictive, and those skilled in the art should understand that, unless otherwise clearly indicated in the context, it should be understood as "one or more".

[0039] In the related art, since the planetary wheel shaft of the planetary wheel and the shaft hole of the planetary frame are interference fit, in order to ensure that the planetary wheel shaft can be inserted into the shaft hole of the planetary frame during assembly, it is usually necessary to freeze the planetary wheel shaft with liquid nitrogen before assembly so that the outer diameter of the planetary wheel shaft is smaller than the aperture of the shaft hole of the planetary frame. When assembling a planetary reducer, the planetary wheel and the bearing sleeve are usually first set on the mandrel tooling, and then the planetary wheel with the mandrel tooling is assembled to the planetary frame, and a clearance fit is formed between the mandrel tooling and the shaft hole of the planetary frame, and then the frozen planetary wheel shaft is inserted into the shaft hole of the planetary frame. During the insertion, the frozen planetary wheel shaft is used to push out the mandrel tooling so that the planetary wheel shaft is inserted into the shaft hole of the planetary frame and passes through the planetary wheel, thereby completing the assembly of a set of planetary gears. There are usually three sets of planetary gears on the planetary frame, so it is necessary to repeat this assembly action three times to complete the assembly of the planetary reducer. However, in the prior art, the planetary axles are usually assembled manually by skilled assembly technicians. Due to the lack of manual proficiency and stability, the planetary axles are easily heated up rapidly due to contact with other parts for too long during the assembly process, so that the fitting relationship between the planetary axle and the shaft hole of the planetary carrier changes from a clearance fit to an interference fit, causing the planetary axle to get stuck during the assembly process, and then leading to assembly failure; moreover, when the planetary axle is manually inserted, since manual assembly cannot stably and continuously keep the planetary axle in contact with the core rod tooling, it is easy for parts such as gaskets to not be penetrated by the planetary axle and fall off, resulting in assembly failure, and also causing collisions between parts.

[0040] In view of the problems existing in the above-mentioned related technologies, the utility model provides a press-fitting device.

[0041] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a pressing device provided by an embodiment of the utility model includes: a frame 1, used to carry a workpiece 800 to be pressed; a first driving mechanism 2, installed on the frame 1 and located above the workpiece 800 to be pressed, and the output end of the first driving mechanism 2 is used to move in the vertical direction; a second driving mechanism 3, installed on the frame 1 and located below the workpiece 800 to be pressed, and the output end of the second driving mechanism 3 is used to move in the vertical direction to insert or withdraw from the axial hole 810 of the workpiece 800 to be pressed.

[0042] It should be noted that the workpiece 800 to be pressed can be a planetary carrier to be assembled on which a planetary gear shaft 920 needs to be installed, or can be other workpieces to be installed with shaft parts. For the convenience of description, the following text takes the planetary carrier to be assembled as an example for detailed description. The planetary carrier to be assembled mainly includes a planetary carrier, a planetary gear, a bearing and a gasket, wherein the planetary carrier is usually provided with an axial hole 810 for inserting the planetary gear shaft 920, an angular limiting groove 820 for positioning the installation angle of the planetary gear shaft 920, and a through hole 830 for the sun gear shaft to pass through. Before press-fitting the planetary gear shaft 920, it is usually necessary to pre-assemble the planetary frame to be assembled, that is, pre-assemble the planetary gear, bearing and gasket to the shaft hole 810 of the planetary frame, and use the auxiliary shaft 910 to pass through the planetary gear, bearing and gasket to keep these parts coaxially arranged, so as to achieve auxiliary fixation, and then push the auxiliary shaft 910 out of the shaft hole 810 of the planetary frame; wherein, the auxiliary shaft 910 and the bearing and gasket are usually clearance-fitted to facilitate insertion, and when inserting the auxiliary shaft 910, manual insertion can be used, and a press-fitting device can also be used for assembly. In other words, the press-fitting device can be used not only for press-fitting the planetary gear shaft 920, but also for assembling the auxiliary shaft 910.

[0043] Specifically, the frame 1 mainly serves as the skeleton of the press-fitting device, and is used to carry the planetary carrier to be assembled, the first drive mechanism 2, the second drive mechanism 3, and the guide fixture 4 and the turntable 5 to be described later. The first drive mechanism 2 and the second drive mechanism 3 serve as power sources, wherein the first drive mechanism 2 is used to apply a downward force to the auxiliary shaft 910 / planetary gear shaft 920 to push the auxiliary shaft 910 / planetary gear shaft 920 to move downward, and the second drive mechanism 3 is used to apply an upward force to the auxiliary shaft 910 to push the auxiliary shaft 910 to move upward, and insert the auxiliary shaft 910 into the shaft hole 810 of the planetary carrier to be assembled after the auxiliary shaft 910 is pushed upward. At the same time, the second drive mechanism 3 can also abut against the lower end of the planetary gear shaft 920 when the first drive mechanism 2 presses the planetary gear shaft 920 downward, and move downward with the planetary gear shaft 920. When the press-fitting device is used to assemble the auxiliary shaft 910, such as Figure 8 and Fig.10 As shown, the auxiliary shaft 910 can be vertically placed at the shaft hole 810 of the planetary carrier to be assembled, and then the auxiliary shaft 910 can be pushed downward by the first driving mechanism 2 until the auxiliary shaft 910 is completely inserted into the shaft hole 810, and then the first driving mechanism 2 moves upward to return to the initial position; wherein, during the process of assembling the auxiliary shaft 910, the second driving mechanism 3 does not work. When the planetary gear shaft 920 is pressed, as shown in FIG. Fig.11 and Fig.12As shown, the auxiliary shaft 910 inserted in the shaft hole 810 of the planetary frame to be assembled can be ejected by the second driving mechanism 3, and inserted into the planetary frame instead of the auxiliary shaft 910, and then the ejected auxiliary shaft 910 can be taken out, and the planetary shaft 920 to be pressed can be placed, and finally the planetary shaft 920 can be pressed downward by the first driving mechanism 2. During this process, the second driving mechanism 3 is always in contact with the lower end of the planetary shaft 920 and moves downward with the planetary shaft 920 until the planetary shaft 920 is pressed into place.

[0044] The pressing device in this embodiment can be used to support a workpiece 800 to be pressed, such as a planetary carrier to be assembled, by setting a first driving mechanism 2 on the frame 1 and making the first driving mechanism 2 located above the workpiece 800 to be pressed. In this way, when the pressing device is used to press the planetary carrier to be assembled, the first driving mechanism 2 can be used to drive, for example, the planetary shaft 920 to move downward, so that the planetary shaft 920 can be pressed onto the planetary carrier to be assembled at one time, which greatly reduces the occurrence of assembly failures due to slight jamming of the planetary shaft 920, thereby improving the assembly efficiency and one-time assembly pass rate of the planetary shaft 920. At the same time, by arranging a second driving mechanism 3 on the frame 1 and making the second driving mechanism 3 be located below the workpiece 800 waiting to be pressed on the planetary frame to be assembled, the second driving mechanism 3 can be used to drive the auxiliary shaft 910 inserted in the shaft hole 810 of the planetary frame to be assembled to move upward, so as to eject the auxiliary shaft 910 and replace the auxiliary shaft 910 to be inserted into the planetary frame to keep the parts such as bearings and gaskets at the shaft hole 810 pre-positioned; and when the first driving mechanism 2 presses downward to install, for example, the planetary shaft 920, the second driving mechanism 3 can also be used to abut against the lower end of the planetary shaft 920 and move downward with the planetary shaft 920 to provide a stable and continuous supporting force for the planetary shaft 920. Compared with manual assembly, this can not only avoid the leakage and scattering of parts such as gaskets, but also greatly improve the degree of automation and stability of assembly, thereby further improving the one-time assembly pass rate of the planetary shaft 920. In addition, the forces, speeds and strokes applied by the first driving mechanism 2 and the second driving mechanism 3 are all controllable, so as to better form standardized operations.

[0045] Furthermore, combined with Figure 2 As shown, the frame 1 includes a workbench 11, a supporting bracket 12, a first mounting bracket 13 and a second mounting bracket 14. The workbench 11 is arranged at the upper end of the supporting bracket 12 and is used to fix the workpiece 800 to be pressed. The first mounting bracket 13 is arranged on the workbench 11 and is used to install the first driving mechanism 2. The second mounting bracket 14 is arranged at the lower end of the workbench 11 and is used to install the second driving mechanism 3. The second driving mechanism 3 is used to pass through the workbench 11 to push the shaft workpiece 900 to move upward.

[0046] It should be noted that, when the workpiece 800 to be press-fitted is a planetary carrier to be assembled, the shaft workpiece 900 may be an auxiliary shaft 910 or a planetary gear shaft 920 .

[0047] In this embodiment, the support bracket 1 is usually a frame structure, and a through-hole structure is usually opened at its upper end, and the second mounting bracket 14 passes through the through-hole structure to be connected to the lower end of the workbench 11. The first drive mechanism 2 is usually installed on the first mounting bracket 13 by bolts, and the second drive mechanism 3 is usually installed on the second mounting bracket 14 by bolts, so as to achieve the installation and fixation of the first drive mechanism 2 and the second drive mechanism 3 on the frame 1. In addition, the workbench 11 is usually provided with a through-hole structure for the positioning guide rod 32 (described later) of the second drive mechanism 3 to pass through, so that the second drive mechanism 3 can pass through the workbench 11 to push the shaft workpiece 900 to move upward.

[0048] Optionally, combined Figure 2 As shown, the output end of the first driving mechanism 2 and the output end of the second driving mechanism 3 are coaxially arranged in the vertical direction.

[0049] In this optional embodiment, the output end of the first drive mechanism 2 (i.e., the pressure head 22 described later) and the output end of the second drive mechanism 3 (i.e., the positioning guide rod 32 described later) are respectively located above and below the shaft hole 810 of the planetary frame to be assembled, and are coaxially arranged. In this way, when the planetary gear shafts 920 are respectively pressed into the multiple shaft holes 810 in sequence, the turntable 5 described later or the planetary frame to be assembled can be used to ensure that the output end of the first drive mechanism 2 and the output end of the second drive mechanism 3 are aligned with the shaft hole 810 of the planetary frame to be assembled, so that the first drive mechanism 2 and the second drive mechanism 3 do not need to be designed with rotational motion, and only need to move up and down to realize the press-fitting operation of the planetary gear shaft 920, thereby simplifying the structure and movement process of the first drive mechanism 2 and the second drive mechanism 3, improving the efficiency of the planetary gear shaft press-fitting operation, and further facilitating the improvement of controllability and the formation of standardized operation.

[0050] Optionally, combined Figure 2 As shown, the first driving mechanism 2 includes a first telescopic cylinder 21 and a pressing head 22. The pressing head 22 is connected to the first telescopic cylinder 21. The first telescopic cylinder 21 is used to drive the pressing head 22 to move in the vertical direction.

[0051] In this optional embodiment, one end of the pressure head 22 is connected to the first telescopic cylinder 21, and the other end is used to abut against the upper end of the shaft workpiece 900. The first telescopic cylinder 21 can be a pneumatic cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, or a linear electric cylinder. Since the hydraulic cylinder needs to be equipped with a container for storing hydraulic oil, the weight of the first drive mechanism 2 is relatively large, and the linear electric cylinder needs to consume electrical energy. Therefore, in order to reduce weight and save energy, in actual applications, it is usually preferred that the first telescopic cylinder 21 is a pneumatic cylinder. One end of the pressure head 22 is connected to the output end of the first telescopic cylinder 21 (which is also the telescopic end of the first telescopic cylinder 21), and the other end is used to abut against the upper end of the shaft workpiece 900. Moreover, in the initial state, such as Figure 7 As shown, the pressing head 22 is usually located at a certain height above the planet carrier to be assembled, so as to reserve an assembly space for placing the shaft workpiece 900 between the planet carrier and the pressing head 22 .

[0052] In this way, when the first driving mechanism 2 is used to press-fit the axial workpiece 900, the first telescopic cylinder 21 can be used to provide a concentrated force to ensure that the axial workpiece 900 can be pressed into place at one time, thereby improving the press-fitting qualification rate. Moreover, the output end of the first telescopic cylinder 21 is connected to the axial workpiece 900 by using the pressure head 22, which can not only shorten the telescopic stroke of the first telescopic cylinder 21, but also avoid the axial workpiece 900 from directly abutting against the output end of the first telescopic cylinder 21, thereby preventing the upper end of the axial workpiece 900 from being damaged when the force output by the first telescopic cylinder 21 is too large.

[0053] Optionally, combined Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the second driving mechanism 3 includes a second telescopic cylinder 31, a positioning guide rod 32 and a guide sleeve 33. The guide sleeve 33 is connected to the frame 1 and is sleeved on the positioning guide rod 32. The positioning guide rod 32 is used to be connected to the second telescopic cylinder 31, and the second telescopic cylinder 31 is used to drive the positioning guide rod 32 to move upward to insert or withdraw from the axial hole 810 of the workpiece 800 to be pressed.

[0054] In this optional embodiment, one end of the positioning guide rod 32 is used to connect to the second telescopic cylinder 31, and the other end is used to abut against the lower end of the shaft workpiece 900. In addition, like the first telescopic cylinder 21, the second telescopic cylinder 31 can also be a pneumatic cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, or a linear electric cylinder, and in practical applications, it is usually preferred that the second telescopic cylinder 31 is a pneumatic cylinder. When the planetary gear shaft pressing device does not include a turntable 5, the guide sleeve 33 is usually fixed to the lower end of the workbench 11 with bolts. At this time, one end of the positioning guide rod 32 is used to abut against the output end of the second telescopic cylinder 31 (which is also the telescopic end of the second telescopic cylinder 31), and the other end of the positioning guide rod 32 is used to pass through the workbench 11 and then abut against the auxiliary shaft 910 inserted into the planetary frame to be assembled, or to pass through the workbench 11 and the shaft hole 810 in sequence and then abut against the planetary gear shaft 92 loaded into the guide groove 43. 0 abutment; when the planetary gear shaft press-fitting device includes a turntable 5, the guide sleeve 33 is usually fixed to the lower end of the turntable 5 by bolts. At this time, one end of the positioning guide rod 32 is used to abut against the output end of the second telescopic cylinder 31, and the other end of the positioning guide rod 32 is used to pass through the workbench 11 and the turntable 5 in sequence and abut against the auxiliary shaft 910 inserted on the planetary frame to be assembled, or to pass through the workbench 11, the turntable 5 and the shaft hole 810 in sequence and abut against the planetary gear shaft 920 installed in the guide groove 43. In the initial state, as Figure 7 As shown, the positioning guide rod 32 is located below the shaft hole 810 of the planetary frame to be assembled. After the auxiliary shaft 910 is assembled to the shaft hole 810 of the planetary frame to be assembled, the second telescopic cylinder 31 drives the positioning guide rod 32 to pass through the through-hole structure on the turntable 5, and pushes the auxiliary shaft 910 inserted on the planetary frame to be assembled to abut against it, and then continues to drive the positioning guide rod 32 to move upward to push the auxiliary shaft 910 upward, thereby pushing the auxiliary shaft 910 out of the shaft hole 810 of the planetary frame to be assembled, and the positioning guide rod 32 replaces the auxiliary shaft 910 to pass through the shaft hole 810 of the planetary frame to be assembled, as shown in FIG. Fig.10 As shown. In the process of the first driving mechanism 2 pressing the planetary gear shaft 920 downward, as shown Fig.11 and Fig.12 As shown, the positioning guide rod 32 always abuts against the lower end of the planetary gear shaft 920 and moves downward synchronously to provide stable support for the planetary gear shaft 920.

[0055] In this way, when the auxiliary shaft 910 inserted into the planetary frame to be assembled is ejected by the second driving mechanism 3, the second telescopic cylinder 31 can be used to provide a concentrated force in a direction to ensure that the auxiliary shaft 910 can be ejected at one time; when the planetary shaft 920 is pressed into the first driving mechanism 2, the second telescopic cylinder 31 can be used to provide a stable and continuous supporting force to the planetary shaft 920, to ensure that the planetary shaft 920 is always in a close contact with the positioning guide rod 32 during the process of pressing the planetary shaft 920 downward into the shaft hole 810, to avoid the situation where parts are leaked and scattered. Moreover, the output end of the second telescopic cylinder 31 is connected to the shaft workpiece 900 by the positioning guide rod 32, so as to avoid the shaft workpiece 900 directly contacting the output end of the second telescopic cylinder 31, thereby preventing the lower end of the shaft workpiece 900 from being damaged when the force output by the second telescopic cylinder 31 is too large; at the same time, the positioning guide rod 32 is guided by the guide sleeve 33 to ensure that the positioning guide rod 32 can be accurately inserted into the shaft hole 810 of the planetary frame to be assembled.

[0056] Optionally, combined Figure 8 and Fig. 9 As shown, a guide structure 321 is provided at the upper end of the positioning guide rod 32, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the guide structure 321 decreases from bottom to top. The cross-sectional area of ​​the guide structure 321 is a cross-sectional area of ​​the guide structure 321 perpendicular to its axial direction.

[0057] In this optional embodiment, the cross section of the guide structure 321 is generally circular, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the guide structure 321 decreases from bottom to top, so that the guide structure 321 is roughly a truncated cone structure, wherein the small end of the truncated cone structure is arranged upward. In practical applications, the guide structure 321 at the upper end of the positioning guide rod 32 is generally formed by chamfering. In this way, the setting of the guide structure 321 allows the positioning guide rod 32 to easily pass through parts such as bearings and gaskets at the shaft hole 810 without causing damage to the parts.

[0058] Optionally, combined Figure 2 , Figure 5 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the pressing device also includes a guide tooling 4 for connecting to the upper end of the workpiece 800 to be pressed, and the guide tooling 4 is provided with a guide groove 43 extending through the vertical direction, and the guide groove 43 is used to accommodate the shaft workpiece 900. The first driving mechanism 2 is used to drive the shaft workpiece 900 to pass through the guide groove 43 and be inserted into the shaft hole 810 of the workpiece 800 to be pressed.

[0059] In this optional embodiment, the guide fixture 4 is assembled on the upper end of the planetary frame to be assembled, wherein the two ends of the planetary frame to be assembled along the axial direction are respectively the upper and lower ends of the planetary frame to be assembled, and the upper end of the planetary frame to be assembled is usually the end of the planetary frame to be assembled provided with an angular limit groove 820. The guide groove 43 passes through the guide fixture 4 in the vertical direction and is used to be coaxially arranged with the shaft hole 810 of the planetary frame to be assembled. In this way, during press-fitting, the shaft workpiece 900 can be first loaded into the guide groove 43 of the guide fixture 4, and then the first driving mechanism 2 is used to push the shaft workpiece 900 to move downward along the guide groove 43, and after passing through the guide groove 43, it is inserted into the shaft hole 810 of the planetary frame to be assembled, so that the guide fixture 4 is used to guide the shaft workpiece 900 to ensure that the press-fitting position of the shaft workpiece 900 is correct. Moreover, the setting of the guide tooling 4 allows workers to only place the planetary gear shaft 920 frozen by liquid nitrogen on the guide tooling 4, without having to hold the planetary gear shaft 920 for press-fitting, which greatly reduces the time that workers are in contact with the planetary gear shaft 920 after being frozen by liquid nitrogen, thereby reducing the probability of frostbite during work.

[0060] Optionally, combined Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, a limiting groove 44 is provided on the groove wall of the guide groove 43 , and the limiting groove 44 is arranged to penetrate in the vertical direction and is used to communicate with the angular limiting groove 820 on the workpiece 800 to be pressed.

[0061] When the planetary gear shaft 920 is inserted manually, it is necessary to rely on manual visual observation to see whether the stop pin on the planetary gear shaft 920 is aligned with the angular limiting groove 820 on the planetary frame. Therefore, it is impossible to ensure that the assembly can be aligned every time, and the efficiency is low. Therefore, in this optional embodiment, by setting a limiting groove 44 on the groove wall of the guide groove 43, and extending the limiting groove 44 from the upper end to the lower end of the guide groove 43 along the axial direction of the guide groove 43, when the auxiliary shaft 910 or the planetary gear shaft 920 is installed into the guide groove 43 of the guide tool 4, the stop pin on the auxiliary shaft 910 or the planetary gear shaft 920 is aligned with the limiting groove 44 and inserted into the limiting groove 44, so as to ensure that the press-fitting angle of the shaft workpiece 900 is correct, thereby improving the qualified rate of press-fitting.

[0062] Optionally, combined Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, the guide fixture 4 is further provided with a limiting boss 45 , and a through hole 830 is provided on the workpiece 800 to be pressed, and the limiting boss 45 is used to be inserted into the through hole 830 .

[0063] In this optional embodiment, the limiting boss 45 is usually arranged at the lower end of the guide tooling 4, which can be a circular boss structure or a cylindrical boss structure. In addition, the through hole 830 for the sun gear shaft to pass through is usually arranged on the planetary frame to be assembled. In this way, when the guide tooling 4 is assembled to the planetary frame to be assembled, the limiting boss 45 of the guide tooling 4 is inserted into the through hole 830 of the planetary frame, and a small gap is formed between the limiting boss 45 and the through hole 830 to limit the guide tooling 4 in the radial direction of the planetary frame to be assembled, so as to prevent the guide tooling 4 from moving relative to the planetary frame to be assembled during the press-fitting operation, thereby ensuring the press-fitting effect and efficiency.

[0064] Optionally, combined Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the guide tooling 4 includes a connecting portion 41 and a plurality of guide portions 42. The connecting portion 41 is provided with a through hole 411 which is axially penetrated. A limiting boss 45 is provided on the connecting portion 41 and along the edge of the through hole 411. The plurality of guide portions 42 are spaced apart along the circumference of the connecting portion 41 and are respectively provided with guide grooves 43.

[0065] In this optional embodiment, the connecting portion 41 of the guide fixture 4 is in a hollow cylindrical structure due to the through hole 411, and the guide portion 42 is in a hollow prism or cylindrical structure due to the through guide groove 43, and a plurality of guide portions 42 are evenly distributed on the outer side wall of the connecting portion 41. The limiting boss 45 is usually in a circular boss structure and is arranged at the edge of the through hole 411. In this way, by arranging the through hole 411 at the center position of the connecting portion 41 of the guide fixture 4 and arranging the evenly distributed guide portions 42 on the outer side wall of the connecting portion 41, not only can the consumables of the guide fixture 4 be reduced, the production cost can be reduced, but also the weight of the guide fixture 4 and even the entire press-fitting device can be reduced.

[0066] Furthermore, combined with Figure 5 As shown, a plurality of notches 412 are disposed at the upper end of the connecting portion 41 , and the plurality of notches 412 are respectively disposed corresponding to the plurality of guide grooves 43 , and the plurality of guide grooves 43 are respectively connected to the through holes 411 through the corresponding notches 412 .

[0067] In this embodiment, the setting of the notch 412 allows the shaft workpiece 900 to be installed in the guide groove 43 from the notch 412 in an inclined posture, thereby shortening the stroke of the up and down movement of the pressing head 22, reducing the size of the pressing device in the Z direction, and further reducing the occupied space of the entire pressing device; moreover, it is also convenient to remove the auxiliary shaft 910 from the notch 412 when it is ejected from the planetary carrier.

[0068] Optionally, combined Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the press-fitting device further includes a turntable 5 rotatably connected to the frame 1 , the workpiece 800 to be press-fitted is used to be fixed on the turntable 5 , and the output end of the second driving mechanism 3 is used to pass through the turntable 5 and the shaft hole 810 .

[0069] In this optional embodiment, the turntable 5 is usually rotatably connected to the workbench 11 of the frame 1, and the turntable 5 is usually provided with a through-hole structure for the positioning guide rod 32 of the second drive mechanism 3 to pass through. The positioning guide rod 32 is used to pass through the through-hole structure of the turntable 5 and be inserted into the shaft hole 810 of the planetary carrier to be assembled, so as to push the shaft workpiece 900 to move upward. Before performing the press-fitting operation, the planetary carrier to be assembled is first fixed on the turntable 5, and the shaft hole 810 on the planetary carrier to be assembled is aligned with the through-hole structure on the turntable 5, and then the turntable 5 is rotated to align the shaft hole 810 on the planetary carrier to be assembled with the pressing head 22. At this time, the auxiliary shaft 910 can be assembled. After the auxiliary shaft 910 is assembled to the shaft hole 810 of the planetary carrier to be assembled, as shown in FIG. Figure 8 As shown, the second telescopic cylinder 31 drives the positioning guide rod 32 to pass through the through-hole structure on the turntable 5 to push the auxiliary shaft 910 inserted on the planetary frame to be assembled to move upward. In addition, when the press-fitting operation of one shaft workpiece 900 is completed, the turntable 5 can be rotated to align the next shaft hole 810 on the planetary frame with the press head 22 to perform the press-fitting operation of the next shaft workpiece 900. In this way, the press-fitting operation of the shaft workpiece 900 at multiple shaft holes 810 on the planetary frame to be assembled can be completed by clamping the planetary frame to be assembled once, which can not only reduce the number of back and forth transportation and improve assembly efficiency, but also reduce the risk of bumps caused by transportation.

[0070] Optionally, combined Figure 3 As shown, the turntable 5 includes a base 51 and a support platform 52 . The base 51 is rotatably connected to the frame 1 . The support platform 52 is connected to the upper end of the base 51 . The workpiece 800 to be pressed is used to be fixed on the support platform 52 .

[0071] In this optional embodiment, the base 51 and the support platform 52 of the turntable 5 are usually coaxially arranged cylindrical structures, wherein the outer diameter of the base 51 is usually larger than the outer diameter of the support platform 52, and the outer diameter of the support platform 52 is usually equivalent to the outer diameter of the planetary carrier of the planetary carrier to be assembled, and the base 51 is usually rotatably connected to the workbench 11 of the frame 1, and the support platform 52 is usually detachably fixed at the upper end of the base 51, and the planetary carrier to be assembled is fixed to the upper end of the support platform 52. In this way, by arranging the support platform 52 on the base 51 and fixing the planetary carrier to be assembled on the support platform 52, the planetary carrier to be assembled can be lifted by using the support platform 52, thereby increasing the vertical distance between the planetary carrier to be assembled and the base 51, and preventing the planetary carrier to be assembled from rubbing against foreign objects dropped on the base 51 due to the small distance between the planetary gear of the planetary carrier to be assembled and the base 51 when the planetary carrier to be assembled rotates with the turntable 5.

[0072] Optionally, combined Figure 3 As shown, one of the frame 1 and the turntable 5 is provided with a limit pin 6, and the other of the frame 1 and the turntable 5 is provided with a limit hole 7, and the limit pin 6 is used to be inserted into the limit hole 7 when the turntable 5 rotates to the press-fitting position.

[0073] In this optional embodiment, the limit pin 6 is generally a columnar structure such as an elastic pin or a pin, which can be set on the workbench 11 of the frame 1, and the limit hole 7 is correspondingly set on the base 51 of the turntable 5, or can be set on the base 51 of the turntable 5, and the limit hole 7 is correspondingly set on the workbench 11. Take the limit pin 6 set on the workbench 11 of the frame 1 and the limit hole 7 set on the turntable 5 as an example. Figure 3 As shown, the workbench 11 is usually provided with a third mounting bracket 112 for mounting the limit pin 6, and the base 51 of the turntable 5 is usually provided with three limit holes 7, and the three limit holes 7 divide the rotation angle of the turntable 5 into three equal parts. Each time the limit pin 6 is inserted into a limit hole 7, it corresponds to a press-fitting position of the shaft workpiece 900. In addition, in order to facilitate the insertion of the limit pin 6 and the limit hole 7 at the same position, the limit pin 6 / limit hole 7 set on the workbench 11 is usually set to one, and the limit hole 7 / limit pin 6 set on the turntable 5 is set to multiple, that is, when the limit pin 6 is set on the workbench 11, the limit pin 6 is usually provided with one, and the limit hole 7 is usually provided with multiple; when the limit hole 7 is set on the workbench 11, the limit hole 7 is usually provided with one, and the limit pin 6 is usually provided with multiple. In addition, since the turntable 5 is usually provided with a through-hole structure for the positioning guide rod 32 to pass through, and the through-hole structure is arranged corresponding to the shaft hole 810 on the planetary frame to be assembled. When the turntable 5 rotates to any one of the multiple through-hole structures coaxially arranged with the pressure head 22, the turntable 5 is in a press-fitting position where the shaft workpiece 900 can be press-fitted. At this time, the limit pin 6 can be inserted into the limit hole 7 to limit the turntable 5 to prevent the turntable 5 from rotating. In this way, the rotation angle of the turntable 5 is limited by the mutual cooperation of the limit pin 6 and the limit hole 7, so as to facilitate the press-fitting of the shaft workpiece 900 into the multiple shaft holes 810 on the planetary frame to be assembled in sequence.

[0074] Although the utility model is disclosed as above, the protection scope of the utility model is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model, and these changes and modifications will fall within the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. A press-fitting device, characterized in that: include: A frame (1) for carrying a workpiece (800) to be pressed; A first driving mechanism (2) is mounted on the frame (1) and is located above the workpiece (800) to be pressed, wherein the output end of the first driving mechanism (2) is used to move in a vertical direction; The second driving mechanism (3) is mounted on the frame (1) and is located below the workpiece (800) to be pressed, and the output end of the second driving mechanism (3) is used to move in a vertical direction to insert into or withdraw from the axial hole (810) of the workpiece (800) to be pressed.

2. The press-fitting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also comprises a guide fixture (4) for connecting with the upper end of the workpiece (800) to be pressed, the guide fixture (4) being provided with a guide groove (43) penetrating in a vertical direction, the guide groove (43) being used to accommodate the shaft workpiece (900), and the output end of the first driving mechanism (2) being used to drive the shaft workpiece (900) to pass through the guide groove (43) and be inserted into the shaft hole (810) of the workpiece (800) to be pressed.

3. The press-fitting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A limiting groove (44) is provided on the groove wall of the guide groove (43), and the limiting groove (44) is arranged to penetrate in the vertical direction and is used to communicate with the angular limiting groove (820) on the workpiece (800) to be pressed.

4. The press-fitting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The guide tool (4) is further provided with a limiting boss (45), the press-fit workpiece (800) is provided with a through hole (830), and the limiting boss (45) is used to be inserted into the through hole (830).

5. The press-fitting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a turntable (5) rotatably connected to the frame (1), the workpiece (800) to be pressed is used to be fixed on the turntable (5), and the output end of the second driving mechanism (3) is used to pass through the turntable (5) and the shaft hole (810).

6. The press-fitting device according to claim 5, characterized in that: One of the frame (1) and the turntable (5) is provided with a limit pin (6), and the other of the frame (1) and the turntable (5) is provided with a limit hole (7), and the limit pin (6) is used to be inserted into the limit hole (7) when the turntable (5) rotates to a set position.

7. The press-fitting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output end of the first driving mechanism (2) and the output end of the second driving mechanism (3) are coaxially arranged in the vertical direction.

8. The press-fitting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first driving mechanism (2) comprises a first telescopic cylinder (21) and a pressing head (22); the pressing head (22) is connected to the first telescopic cylinder (21); and the first telescopic cylinder (21) is used to drive the pressing head (22) to move in a vertical direction.

9. The press-fitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The second driving mechanism (3) comprises a second telescopic cylinder (31), a positioning guide rod (32) and a guide sleeve (33); the guide sleeve (33) is connected to the frame (1) and sleeved on the positioning guide rod (32); the positioning guide rod (32) is used to be connected to the second telescopic cylinder (31), and the second telescopic cylinder (31) is used to drive the positioning guide rod (32) to move up and down so as to insert into or withdraw from the axial hole (810) of the workpiece (800) to be pressed.

10. The press-fitting device according to claim 9, characterized in that: A guide structure (321) is provided at the upper end of the positioning guide rod (32), and the cross-sectional area of ​​the guide structure (321) decreases from bottom to top.

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