The invention discloses a network-based computer hardware monitoring system comprising a man-machine operation module, a data collection module, a central processor, a prediction analysis module, an expert assessment module, a physical model building module, a virtual parameter module, a virtual sensor and a simulation analysis module, wherein a virtual actuator feeds back results to the simulation analysis module by cyclically executing the simulation analysis module, the simulation analysis module automatically extracts the results and sends the results to the virtual sensor, and the virtual sensor receives the results and automatically displays the data. According to the system provided by the invention, real-time monitoring on running condition of hardware equipment is achieved, and a data assessment and analysis function is provided, so that self-inspection of hardware faults is achieved, and meanwhile a future development situation of the hardware can be predicted, simulated and analyzed according to the collected data; the system is provided with a breakdown maintenance query and output function, thus being greatly convenient for users to use.