Roadway tunneling smooth blasting trepanning structure

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of mine and roadway blasting, in particular to a roadway tunneling smooth blasting trepanning structure which ensures the blasting effect by matching a large-diameter central slotting hole with a small-diameter auxiliary empty hole, reduces the number of trepanning and reduces the trepanning construction cost. According to the scheme, a tunneling smooth surface is included, a center slotting hole, slotting holes, auxiliary holes and peripheral holes are sequentially distributed in the tunneling smooth surface from inside to outside, the center slotting hole, the slotting holes, the auxiliary holes and the peripheral holes are perpendicular to the tunneling smooth surface, and middle hollow holes are evenly formed in the periphery of the center slotting hole at intervals; and the middle empty hole is positioned between the slotting hole and the central slotting hole.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of mine and tunnel blasting, in particular to a tunnel excavation smooth surface blasting hole opening structure. Background Art

[0002] The drilling and blasting method is particularly suitable for the excavation of hard rock tunnels, broken rock tunnels and a large number of chambers due to its strong adaptability to geological conditions and low excavation cost. The smooth blasting of tunnel excavation is a small-diameter drilling blasting, which specifically includes drilling, charging, connecting, blasting and other processes. After the blasting is completed, the generated gravel needs to be cleared out of the tunnel.

[0003] Traditional drilling methods usually use straight hole blasting due to the small excavation surface of underground projects, that is, slot holes, auxiliary holes and peripheral holes are all opened along the length of the tunnel. However, due to the single free face operation, the compensation space is small and the clamping effect of blasting is large. In order to ensure the blasting effect, more blasting holes need to be drilled on the excavation face. However, this method has a high drilling cost, and explosives are filled into more blasting holes in turn, with low filling efficiency. This method is also prone to a high probability of blind shots, and has low safety. Utility Model Content

[0004] 1. Technical Problems Solved

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the utility model proposes a tunnel excavation smooth blasting hole opening structure, which adopts a large-diameter central slot hole and a small-diameter auxiliary empty hole to ensure the blasting effect, while reducing the number of holes opened and lowering the construction cost.

[0006] 2. Specific technical solutions

[0007] A tunnel excavation smooth surface blasting hole opening structure includes an excavation smooth surface, on which a central slot hole, a slot hole, an auxiliary hole and a peripheral hole are sequentially distributed from the inside to the outside. The central slot hole, the slot hole, the auxiliary hole and the peripheral hole are perpendicular to the excavation smooth surface, and intermediate empty holes are evenly spaced around the central slot hole, and the intermediate empty holes are located between the slot hole and the central slot hole.

[0008] Implementation principle and working principle:

[0009] The principle of this scheme is that in this structure, the middle empty hole does not need to be filled with explosives. It is located between the slot hole and the center slot, and can provide a free surface for the blasting of the center slot hole and the slot hole at the same time, and can play a role in centralized guidance of the explosion stress and blasting direction, effectively improve the blasting effect of the center slot hole and the slot hole, and provide better compensation space for the blasting of other holes in the future;

[0010] Compared with the existing scheme, this scheme improves the blasting effect. At the same time, through the coordination of the central slot hole, the slot hole and the middle empty hole, the amount of holes opened is reduced, thereby improving the filling efficiency of explosives and effectively reducing the cost of hole opening construction. At the same time, fewer holes also reduce the possibility of blind shots, which is safer. Each hole is perpendicular to the excavation surface, and the parallel empty hole straight slotting technology can be directly adopted. The drilling is carried out by a rock drilling rig, which is simple and convenient to operate, and the excavated blastholes can also reach a deeper depth, which is convenient for using deep hole blasting to improve the blasting effect.

[0011] Preferably, there are multiple auxiliary holes and peripheral holes, and the connecting lines of the auxiliary holes and the peripheral holes are both U-shaped. The beneficial effect of this preferred embodiment is that the U-shaped structure is highly similar to the tunnel cross-section, and the construction difficulty after blasting is lower.

[0012] Preferably, the diameter of the central slot hole is 70-90mm, and the diameters of the slot hole, auxiliary holes, peripheral holes and intermediate hollow holes are 40-50mm. The preferred embodiment has the following beneficial effects: increasing the diameter of the central slot hole is conducive to increasing the amount of explosives filled in the central slot hole, and the blasting effect is better through the blasting free surface provided by the intermediate hollow hole. Among them, 70-90mm can directly use 80mm drill bit, 40-50mm can directly use 45mm drill bit, and the versatility is strong.

[0013] Preferably, there are 4 slot holes, which are evenly distributed around the central slot hole; there are 6 intermediate hollow holes, which are evenly distributed around the central slot hole, and the spacing between the intermediate hollow holes and the central slot hole is less than twice the diameter of the central slot hole; the beneficial effect of this preferred embodiment is: 4 slot holes are opened around the central slot hole, and 6 intermediate hollow holes are opened between the intermediate slot holes, and the setting of the number and position of each hole is more conducive to the impact conduction of explosive blasting, which is beneficial to improving the blasting effect.

[0014] Preferably, the hole spacing between the groove holes is 300-450mm; the hole spacing between the auxiliary holes is 600-700mm, and the spacing between the auxiliary holes and the adjacent groove holes is 500-700mm; the hole spacing between the peripheral holes is 500-550mm, and the spacing between the peripheral holes and the adjacent auxiliary holes is 600-700mm.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment, the central cutout hole, the cutout hole and the auxiliary hole are all used for coupling and loading high-strength latex matrix explosives; the explosive density of the high-strength latex matrix explosives is 1150kg / m 3 -1200 kg / m 3, the detonation velocity of the explosive is greater than 5500m / s; the beneficial effect of this optimization is that compared with the traditional non-coupled interval loading method, it can effectively increase the single-hole charging amount, reduce the overall number of blastholes, and cooperate with the central slot hole and the middle hollow hole to better improve the blasting effect and reduce the drilling cost.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment, the peripheral holes are used for coupling and loading low-strength latex matrix explosives, and the peripheral holes include upper side holes and bottom side holes distributed up and down; the explosive density of the low-strength latex matrix explosive is 700-800kg / m 3 , the detonation speed is greater than 2500m / s; because the internal explosives will be detonated first during detonation, the difficulty of blasting in the subsequent process will be lower. The use of low-power latex matrix explosives can reduce costs while ensuring the overall blasting effect.

[0017] Preferably, the high-power emulsion matrix explosive and the low-power emulsion matrix explosive are both detonated by digital electronic detonators, the detonation delay of the digital electronic detonators in the slot holes and the center slot holes is 0 seconds, the detonation delay of the digital electronic detonators in the auxiliary holes is 100ms, and the detonation delays of the digital electronic detonators in the upper side holes and the bottom side holes are 240ms and 450ms respectively; the beneficial effect of this preferred embodiment is: adopting a detonation sequence from inside to outside, the center slot hole and the slot hole are detonated first, which can achieve a good blasting effect under the free surface provided by the middle hollow hole, and provide a larger free surface for the auxiliary holes and the side holes during subsequent blasting, further ensuring the blasting effect.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0019] 1. The middle hole can provide a free surface for the blasting of the central slot hole and the slot hole at the same time, play a role in the centralized guidance of the explosion stress and the blasting direction, effectively improve the blasting effect of the central slot hole and the slot hole, and provide better compensation space for the blasting of other holes in the future;

[0020] 2. Through the coordination of the central slot hole, the slot hole and the middle empty hole, the number of holes is reduced, thereby improving the filling efficiency of explosives and effectively reducing the cost of hole construction; at the same time, fewer holes also reduce the possibility of blind shots, which is safer;

[0021] 3. Through this structure, different explosives can be selected for the slot holes, central slot holes, auxiliary holes and peripheral holes to achieve the effect of using high-powered latex matrix explosives, effectively reducing the cost of explosives. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the blasting hole opening structure of the utility model.

[0023] Figure 2Schematic diagram of the detonation sequence for the new type of blasting hole used locally.

[0024] Description of reference numerals:

[0025] Excavation smooth surface 1, central slot hole 2, slot hole 3, auxiliary hole 4, peripheral hole 5, middle empty hole 6. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby making a clearer and more explicit definition of the protection scope of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Embodiment 1:

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown:

[0029] A tunnel excavation smooth surface blasting hole opening structure, which includes an excavation smooth surface 1. In the present embodiment, the size of the excavation smooth surface 1 is 4000mm*3500mm. From the center to the periphery of the excavation smooth surface 1, a central groove hole 2, a plurality of intermediate hollow holes 6, a plurality of groove holes 3, a plurality of auxiliary holes 4 and a plurality of peripheral holes 5 are sequentially opened, wherein the central groove hole 2, the intermediate hollow holes, the groove holes 3, the auxiliary holes 4 and the peripheral holes 5 are all perpendicular to the excavation smooth surface 1; specifically, the hole center connection line of the auxiliary hole 4 and the hole center connection line of the peripheral hole 5 are in a D-shaped structure.

[0030] It is worth mentioning that:

[0031] Conventional excavation face blasting requires opening a large number of slot holes to fill with explosives, otherwise the preset blasting requirements or blasting effects cannot be achieved;

[0032] The main scheme is different from the conventional excavation method in that:

[0033] 1. The setting of the middle hollow hole 6 outside the central slot hole 2 can provide a free surface for the central slot hole 2 and the slot hole 3 when blasting, play a role in centrally guiding the explosive stress and blasting direction of the excavation smooth surface 1, and effectively improve the blasting effect of the slot hole 3 and the central slot hole 2;

[0034] 2. It can also provide better compensation space for the subsequent detonation of the peripheral holes 5 and the auxiliary holes 4, thereby reducing the number of the slot holes 3, the auxiliary holes 4 and the peripheral holes 5, thereby reducing the construction cost of the holes, and further improving the filling efficiency of the explosives; the reduction in the number of holes can also reduce the possibility of blind shots, and the safety factor is higher;

[0035] 3. Among them, each hole is perpendicular to the excavation surface 1, and the parallel empty hole straight line grooving technology can be adopted. The depth of the blasthole opened is better, which is convenient for deep hole blasting to improve the blasting effect.

[0036] More specifically, in this solution, there is one central slot hole 2, with a diameter of 70-90mm, specifically 80mm, which can be directly drilled with an 80mm drill bit, which is simple and convenient; there are 6 intermediate hollow holes and 4 slot holes 3, all of which have a diameter of 40-50mm, specifically 45mm, which can be directly drilled with a 45mm drill bit, and the number of intermediate hollow holes 6 can be increased according to the hardness of the excavation surface 1 and the hole spacing; during implementation, the slot holes 3 are distributed in a square with the center of the central slot hole 2, wherein the hole spacing between the slot holes 3 is 300mm-450mm, and the spacing between the intermediate hollow hole 6 and the central slot hole 2 is less than twice the diameter of the central slot hole 2;

[0037] Among them, the aperture of the central slot hole 2 is larger than that of the slot hole 3, and it can accommodate more explosives. Through its cooperation with the intermediate hollow hole 6, it is beneficial to expand the blasting free surface provided by the intermediate hollow hole 6, and the blasting effect is better; wherein, the number, aperture and position setting of the intermediate hollow holes 6 are more conducive to the conduction of blasting stress and improve the blasting effect; during implementation, although increasing the number of intermediate hollow holes 6 can improve the slotting effect, it will increase the slotting workload. This solution can improve the blasting effect without increasing the overall drilling amount through the spacing between the intermediate hollow hole 6 and the intermediate slot hole 2 and the reasonable number of intermediate hollow holes 6.

[0038] During implementation, there are multiple auxiliary holes 4 and peripheral holes 5, which are distributed outside the hole center connection line of multiple slot holes 3. In this embodiment, there are 15 auxiliary holes 4, 11 of which are in a D-shaped structure, and the other 4 are evenly distributed outside the D-shaped auxiliary holes 4 and the slot holes 3; the peripheral holes 5 include 5 bottom holes 52 and 15 upper holes 51, and the 15 upper holes are D-shaped as a whole; wherein the hole spacing between the auxiliary holes 4 is 600-700mm, and the spacing between the auxiliary holes 4 and the adjacent slot holes 3 is 50 0-700mm; the hole spacing between the peripheral holes 5 is 500-500mm, and the spacing between the peripheral holes 5 and the adjacent auxiliary holes 4 is 600-700mm; and the diameters of the auxiliary holes 4 and the peripheral holes 5 are consistent with the groove holes 3, so that one drill bit can be used to complete the hole processing of different functions, which is more efficient; the parameter setting of the auxiliary holes 4 and the peripheral holes 5 can make the peripheral holes 5 and the auxiliary holes 4 more evenly distributed on the excavation surface 1, so that the blasting stress can be more evenly transmitted on the excavation surface 1, thereby improving the blasting effect.

[0039] During the blasting, the central cut hole 2, the cut hole 3 and the auxiliary hole 4 are arranged with high-strength latex matrix explosives in a coupled filling manner; wherein the explosive density of the high-strength latex matrix explosive is 1150kg / m 3 -1200 kg / m 3 The explosive detonation velocity is greater than 5500m / s; the peripheral hole 5 is arranged with low-strength latex matrix explosives by coupling filling, and the explosive density of the low-strength latex matrix explosives is 700-800kg / m 3 , explosion velocity is greater than 2500m / s;

[0040] In this scheme, the amount of drilling is reduced by the cooperation of the central slot hole 2, the slot hole 3 and the middle hollow hole 6. In order to ensure the blasting excavation effect, high-power emulsion matrix explosives are used in the central slot hole 2, the slot hole 3 and the auxiliary hole 4, which can form sufficient free surfaces and sufficient blasting effects. Based on this, the peripheral holes 5 only need medium and low-power emulsion matrix explosives to continue blasting during blasting. This method can ensure the blasting effect on the basis of reducing the cost of explosives;

[0041] Further, such as Figure 2 When detonating the explosives in each hole, digital electronic detonators are used for detonation. The detonation delay of the digital electronic detonators in the slot hole 3 and the central slot hole 2 is 0 seconds, the detonation delay of the digital electronic detonators in the auxiliary hole 4 is 100ms, the detonation delay of the upper hole 51 and the bottom holes on both sides is 240ms, and the detonation delay of the digital electronic detonators in other bottom holes 52 is 450ms; the setting of this parameter is that the slot hole 3 and the central slot hole 2 are detonated at the same time, and on the basis of providing a free surface of the middle empty hole 6, the free surface is fully expanded, and the explosives in the auxiliary hole 4 are subsequently detonated, and the free surface can be better expanded on the basis of the previous blasting, and finally the blasting is completed by blasting the upper hole 51 and the bottom hole 51.

[0042] The main benefits of this program are:

[0043] 1. Through the coordination of the central cutout hole 2, the cutout hole 3 and the middle hollow hole 6, the blasting effect can be ensured while reducing the amount of holes opened; at the same time, since the amount of holes opened is reduced, the amount of explosives used will also be reduced accordingly; based on this, the hole opening construction cost and explosives cost of the blasting hole opening structure of this scheme are lower.

[0044] 2. The coordinated use of the blasting hole structure, explosive detonation method and detonation time provided in this solution can reduce costs while ensuring the blasting effect.

[0045] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention shall be defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A tunnel excavation smooth surface blasting hole opening structure, comprising an excavation smooth surface (1), wherein the excavation smooth surface (1) is sequentially provided with a central cut hole (2), a cut hole (3), an auxiliary hole (4) and a peripheral hole (5) from the inside to the outside, characterized in that: The central slot hole (2), the slot hole (3), the auxiliary hole (4) and the peripheral hole (5) are all perpendicular to the excavation smooth surface (1). A plurality of intermediate hollow holes (6) are evenly spaced around the outer side of the central slot hole (2). The intermediate hollow holes (6) are located between the slot hole (3) and the central slot hole (2).

2. The tunneling smooth blasting hole opening structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: There are a plurality of auxiliary holes (4) and peripheral holes (5), and the connecting lines of the auxiliary holes (4) and the connecting lines of the peripheral holes (5) are both in a D shape.

3. The tunneling smooth blasting hole opening structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The diameter of the central cutout hole (2) is 70-90 mm, and the diameters of the cutout hole (3), the auxiliary hole (4), the peripheral hole (5) and the middle hollow hole (6) are 40-50 mm.

4. The tunneling smooth blasting hole opening structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: There are four groove holes (3) evenly spaced around the central groove hole (2); there are six intermediate hollow holes (6) evenly spaced around the central groove hole (2), and the distance between the intermediate hollow holes (6) and the central groove hole (2) is less than twice the diameter of the central groove hole (2).

5. The tunneling smooth blasting hole opening structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The hole spacing between the groove holes (3) is 300-450 mm; the hole spacing between the auxiliary holes (4) is 600-700 mm, and the spacing between the auxiliary holes (4) and the adjacent groove holes (3) is 500-700 mm; the hole spacing between the peripheral holes (5) is 500-550 mm, and the spacing between the peripheral holes (5) and the adjacent auxiliary holes (4) is 600-700 mm.

6. The tunneling smooth blasting hole opening structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central cutout hole (2), the cutout hole (3) and the auxiliary hole (4) are coupled and filled with high-strength latex-based explosives; the explosive density of the high-strength latex-based explosives is 1150 kg / m 3 -1200 kg / m 3 , the detonation velocity of the explosive is greater than 5500m / s.

7. The tunneling smooth blasting hole opening structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The peripheral holes (5) are coupled and filled with low-strength latex-based explosives, and the peripheral holes (5) include upper side holes (51) and bottom side holes (52) distributed up and down; the explosive density of the low-strength latex-based explosives is 700-800kg / m 3 , explosion speed is greater than 2500m / s.

8. The tunneling smooth blasting hole opening structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The high-strength latex-based explosive and the low-strength latex-based explosive are both detonated by digital electronic detonators. The detonation delay of the digital electronic detonators in the groove hole (3) and the central groove hole (2) is 0 seconds, the detonation delay of the digital electronic detonators in the auxiliary hole (4) is 100ms, and the detonation delay of the digital electronic detonators in the upper side hole (51) and the bottom side hole (52) are 240ms and 450ms respectively.

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