The invention discloses an ultra-large-diameter steel penstock installation construction technique. An installation method comprises the steps that ultra-large-diameter steel penstocks are coupled on site, specifically, tiles split into three flaps are rounded, single-section steel penstocks are assembled into multi-section steel penstock sets through assembling and welding, and stiffening rings are additionally welded to the multi-section steel penstock sets; the coupled steel penstock sections are transported in an adit, specifically, rails are prefabricated and paved in the adit, and the steel penstocks are transported to an installation station through a separable trolley; and the formed steel penstocks are positioned and installed, specifically, in the installation station, after steel penstock bodies are regulated to the installation height and fixed through a separable trolley jacking device, the trolley is removed, and integral installation of the multiple steel penstock sections is achieved. According to the ultra-large-diameter steel penstock installation construction technique, the operation layout of a traditional production line is effectively simplified, temporary assembling facilities inside the adit are simplified, the excavated sections of branched holes and the excavated sections of a main hole are decreased, the occupied area for steel penstock section assembling is decreased, and the requirements of a place where finished products can be stacked are eliminated; steel penstock sections are formed at a time during secondary assembling and welding, and the installation precision is improved through mechanical assembling and welding; and the installation construction technique does not rely on traditional lifting and turning modes any more, the safety risk is lowered, the installation construction period is shortened, the installation personnel number is decreased, and investment is reduced.