142results about How to "Reduce supersaturation" patented technology

With a view to preventing increases in forward voltage due to a change with the lapse of time of a bipolar semiconductor device using a silicon carbide semiconductor, a buffer layer, a drift layer and other p-type and n-type semiconductor layers are formed on a growth surface, which is given by a surface of a crystal of a silicon carbide semiconductor having an off-angle θ of 8 degrees from a (000-1) carbon surface of the crystal, at a film growth rate having a film-thickness increasing rate per hour h of 10 μm/h, which is three times or more higher than conventional counterparts. The flow rate of silane and propane material gases and dopant gases is largely increased to enhance the film growth rate.

The invention discloses a full-automatic descaling multi-effect evaporator, which comprises a heater and an evaporation chamber, wherein a granule distributor which can make fluid be distributed to tube nests of the heater uniformly is arranged at the bottom of the heater; and a granule separator is also arranged between the heater and the evaporation chamber. Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the full-automatic descaling multi-effect evaporator has the advantages that a descaling process can be simplified, heat transfer is enhanced, and a heat transfer coefficient is increased, so that the evaporator can clean and remove scales online to realize continuous production. According to the optimized technical scheme, an intensifier ring is arranged in the granule separator, and a granule separation chamber and a granule storage chamber are also formed in the granule separator, so that liquid forms a vortex which rotates at high speed when passing through the cylindrical granule separation chamber under the action of centrifugal force formed by the intensifier ring to do circular rotary motion, so that granular solids are separated from the liquid quickly.

The invention proposes a method and a device for continuously producing a crystallite, wherein a metered amount of seed crystals is fed continuously to the internal solution circuit of a crystallizer, in particular a DTB crystallizer, through a crystallization seed line from a seed generator preferably designed as a flash crystallizer. The amount of seed crystals fed is controlled by an electronic control system as a function of a measured value determined by a sensor, said value being representative of the particle size distribution of the crystallites in the solution in the internal circuit in the crystallizer. By way of a line, the seed generator receives a partial stream of the external solution circuit of the crystallizer, said external circuit being routed through a line. Excess fine crystalline suspension can be fed back to the external circuit from the seed generator by way of a return line.

The invention relates to an aluminium foil material for tableware and a manufacturing method of aluminium foils for the tableware, belonging to the technical field of manufacture of aluminium alloy materials and the aluminium foils. The aluminium foil material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.2-0.30% of Si, 1.40-1.50% of Fe, 0.05% of Cu, 0.50-0.60% of Mn, 0.05% of Mg, 0.01% of Cr, 0.05% of Zn, 0.05% of Ti, and the balance of Al, wherein the components are smelted into an alloy. The manufacturing method of the aluminium foils for the tableware comprises the following steps of: a, smelting; b, casting; c, uniform annealing; d, cold rolling; e, foil rolling; and f, finished product annealing. The invention can prevent an aluminium coil from generating grain growth during the uniform annealing and also has better machining property and easy rolling.

The invention relates to a method for recycling waste residue in manganese industry production. The method comprises the specific following steps: (1) pre-processing filter residue; (2) adding acid and leaching; (3) carrying out filtering and solid-liquid separation on ore slurry; (4) recovering hematite powder; (5) recovering manganese carbonate concentrate; and (6) preparing a nitrogen-phosphorus compound fertilizer base material. By the method, hematite powder, manganese carbonate concentrate and the nitrogen-phosphorus compound fertilizer base material can be recovered from leached press-filtered residue, the process is simple and is easy to achieve industrialization and meanwhile, the content of the heavy metal ingredients is in completely in conformity with national associated standards, treated wastewater and waste residue are free of harmful ingredients such as heavy metals, the environmental pressure is alleviated and the method has great promotional values.

The invention relates to a porous perovskite film, carbon slurry and a carbon electrode based solar cell. The chemical formula of the perovskite film is ABX3, wherein A is at least one monovalent cation, and is preferably at least one or a mixed ion of CH3NH3<+>, NH2-CH=NH2<+>, Cs<+>, Li<+>, C4H9NH3<+>, CH6N3<+>, Na<+> and K<+>, B is at least one of PB<2+>, Sn<2+>, Ge<2+>, Co<2+>, Fe<2+>, Mn<2+>,Cu<2+> and Ni<2+>, and X is at least one of Cl<->, Br<->, I<->, SCN<-> and BF4<->. The perovskite film is of a porous structure.

The invention relates to a preparation method for nickel-manganese-cobalt compound hydroxide and a reaction kettle for preparing the nickel-manganese-cobalt compound hydroxide. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) dissolving a nickel salt, a manganese salt, a cobalt salt and an M-salt to obtain a multi-metal salt solution; and 2) introducing a complexing agent solution, an alkali solution and the multi-metal salt solution into the reaction kettle through a complexing agent tube, an alkali solution tube and a main salt solution tube respectively, heating, stirring, performing nucleation in a system in which pH is between 12.5 and 14, performing nucleus growth in a system in which the pH is between 10 and 12, and adjusting the flow proportion of a main salt solution tube to a branch salt solution tube if a granularity distribution width is detected to be over large in the nucleus growth process in order to control the granularity distribution width. In the preparation method for the nickel-manganese-cobalt compound hydroxide provided by the invention, a nucleating process and the nucleus growth process are separated through control of the two-segment pH values, and narrow-granularity distribution nickel-manganese-cobalt compound hydroxide is obtained finally through adjustment of new crystal nucleuses and a growth speed in the nucleus growth process.

The invention discloses a method for preparing nanoscale boron modified HZSM-5 by seed crystal directing. The method comprises the steps as follows: (1) mixing an aluminum source, a silicon source, an alkali source, a boron source, ZSM-5 molecular sieve seed crystals and water, adjusting the pH of an obtained mixture to 10-12 and mixing the mixture uniformly to form gel; (2) crystallizing the gel in a reactor, and performing solid-liquid separation, washing and drying on a crystallized product to obtain a dried crystallized product; (3) adding the dried crystallized product in an ammonium salt solution for ion exchange to obtain an ammonia type ZSM-5 molecular sieve; (4) roasting the ammonia type ZSM-5 molecular sieve to obtain HZSM-5. The invention further discloses a molecular sieve prepared by the method and application of the molecular sieve in a reaction of methanol to propylene. The boron modified HZSM-5 requires no roasting of a template agent and is environment-friendly, the propylene yield and the service life are greatly increased, the selectivity of propylene reaches 44.0wt% or higher, and the service life reaches 500 h or longer.

The invention relates to a continuous crystallizer mainly used for concentrative crystallization in monosidum glutamate production of food industry, which comprises a crystallizer (3), a raw liquid and mother liquid mixing tank (1), a feeding pump (2), a plate type heater (14), an outer circulating pump (11), a heater (5), an inner circulating pump (4) and a discharging pump (10), wherein the raw liquid and mother liquid mixing tank (1) is connected with the feeding pump (2) connected with the plate type heater (14) which is communicated with the outer circulating pump (11), the outer circulating pump (11) is connected with the heater (5) communicated with a circulated flow returning port (3.2) of the crystallizer (3), and an circulated discharging port (3.18) of the crystallizer (3) is communicated with the outer circulating pump (11); the inner circulating pump (4) is arranged at the bottom of the crystallizer (3); and an outlet of the discharging pump (10) is respectively connected with a crystal paste circulating port (3.11) of the crystallizer (3) and a crystallization-assistant slot (8). The continuous crystallizer has the characteristics of low steam consumption, high equipment yield, high degree of the automation and the like.

The invention discloses a substrate double-injection- hydrothermal modified method of high-dispersed magnesium hydroxide nanometer piece in the organic chemical technique domain, which is characterized by the following: adapting inorganic magnesium salt as raw material and inorganic alkaline as precipitant and inorganic chlorine salt as substrate solution; injecting the magnesium salt and inorganic chlorine salt solution at 10-80 deg.c; disposing the atmospheric product for 1-6 hours at 100-200 deg.c; improving the product structure through chlorine salt and hydrothermal environment to produce topographic regulation and good dispersion property magnesium hydroxide nanometer piece with 10-50nm even thickness, 30-300nm even diameter and 100 -600nm birdnesting particle size. The invention makes regular topographic, even grain size and good dispersing magnesium hydroxide nanometer piece, which is used in the plastic and rubber industry as high-property inorganic flame-proof brusque.

The invention relates to an eco-friendly subsidiary dam capable of improving gas supersaturation generated during flood discharge and energy dissipation of large-sized hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, comprising a dam body. The downstream face of the dam body is an overflow surface, a gate is arranged on a dam crest to control the outflow rate on the overflow surface so that the maximal water depth of the outflow of the overflow surface does not exceed 5m; a backward step of the dam body adopts the continuous type, and meanwhile, the flow over spillway is smoothly connected with the downstream water flow, so that the gas supersaturation water body is positioned at the upper layer of a downstream river course to accelerate the escape speed of the gas supersaturation water body; and the inner part of the dam body is provided with a penstock to guide the water in a water cushion pool to the lower reaches. The eco-friendly subsidiary dam capable of improving gas supersaturation can reduce water saturation when water passes through a low-head water turbine, reduces the supersaturation of the water of the downstream river course, and effectively controls the influence of gas supersaturation caused by flood discharge of the dam on the aquatic organism of the lower reaches.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a large-area perovskite layer and a perovskite solar cell. The method comprises the following steps of coating a perovskite precursor solution on a substrate to form a perovskite precursor layer; adding a mixed anti-solvent, and carrying out annealing treatment to obtain the perovskite layer, wherein the mixed anti-solvent is a mixed solvent formed bymixing a solvent A and a solvent B; the solvent A is selected from any one of methylbenzene, chlorobenzene, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, anisole and diethyl ether, the solvent B is selected from any one of methylbenzene, chlorobenzene, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, anisole and monohydric alcohol with 3-6 carbon atoms, the solvent A and the solvent B are different, and a volume ratio of the solvent A to the mixed anti-solvent is 10%-90%. In the invention, a supersaturation degree of the perovskite precursor solution in a crystallization process is reduced by using the mixed anti-solvent so that crystallization nucleation sites are uniformly generated, the perovskite thin film with uniform film formation and a large grain size is finally obtained, and a good application prospect is possessed in the field of preparation of large-area perovskite devices.

The invention relates to a method for recycling leached and press-filtered residues generated in production of electrolytic metal manganese and manganese dioxide. The method comprises the specific following steps: (1) pre-processing filter residues; (2) adding acid and leaching; (3) carrying out filtration and solid-liquid separation on ore pulp; (4) recovering hematite powder; (5) recovering manganese carbonate concentrate; (6) preparing a base material for a nitrogen/phosphorus compound fertilizer; and (7) preparing sodium fluosilicate. By the method, hematite powder, manganese carbonate concentrate, sodium fluosilicate and the base material for the nitrogen/phosphorus compound fertilizer can be recovered from the leached and press-filtered residues, the process is simple and easy to industrialize and meanwhile, the content of the heavy metals is in full compliance with national standards, further treated wastewater and waste residues are free of harmful ingredients such as heavy metals and thus the pressure on the environment is reduced and the method has great promotional values.

The invention relates to the technical field of battery material preparation, in particular to a preparation method of cobalt carbonate. The invention provides a preparation method of compact crystalform small-particle-size spherical cobalt carbonate, which comprises the following steps of: by using cobalt salt as a raw material and ammonium bicarbonate as a precipitant, injecting pure water andammonium bicarbonate solution into a reaction kettle as a base solution, and adding sodium hexametaphosphate as a dispersing agent, then entering a first stage of liquid phase precipitation, independently pumping a mixed salt solution under a high-intensity stirring condition, feeding until the pH value is reduced to 7.4-7.8, then entering a second stage of liquid phase precipitation, and simultaneously pumping mixed salt and a precipitant solution to synthesize cobalt carbonate, after the volume of the materials reaches the upper limit of the reaction kettle, stopping feeding and stirring, pumping away the supernatant after solid-liquid layering, and then continuing feeding, and repeating the above steps so that the particles grow to 2-3 mum. The prepared spherical cobalt carbonate is small in particle size, uniform and non-sticky in particles and compact in crystal form.

Geothermal brine always contains some carbon dioxide in solution. Separating steam from geothermal brine removes the carbon dioxide, sharply increasing the pH of the brine and causing precipitation of pH sensitive minerals, including calcium carbonate, magnesium silicate and other metal silicates, clays, and metal sulfides. The binary heat exchanger in a steam-binary hybrid geothermal power plant is especially sensitive to scale deposition from flashed geothermal brine, and application of expensive scale inhibitors is required.

Deposition of scale in the binary heat exchanger can be controlled by separating a small amount of gas-rich vapor from the brine before the main stage of steam separation, and combining this gas rich vapor with the flashed brine before in enters the binary heat exchanger. The carbon dioxide thus added to the brine will decrease pH, decreasing or completely blocking precipitation and deposition of pH sensitive minerals as scale.

The invention relates to a nanocrystal ceramic corundum abrasive material and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of ceramic corundum abrasive materials. The nanocrystal ceramic corundum abrasive material is prepared from the following components of Al2(SO3)3.18H2O and additives, wherein the additives comprise a dispersant, a liquid composite sintering additive and an Al2O3 (aluminum oxide) sol crystal seed. The preparation method of the nanocrystal ceramic corundum abrasive material comprises the following steps of adding the liquid composite sintering additive and the Al2O3 sol crystal seed into an Al2(OH)3 gel precursor; performing uniform ball milling, and drying by stages, so as to obtain a dry gel; crushing the dry gel, granulating, and screening, so as to obtain gel particles meeting the particle size requirement; calcining the gel particles by sections, cooling along with a furnace, and screening, so as to obtain the ceramic corundum abrasive material with different particle sizes. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the Al2O3 sol seed crystal and the prepared ceramic corundum abrasive material. The nanocrystal nanocrystal ceramic corundum abrasive material has the advantages that by introducing the Al2O3 sol crystal seed, the defects of difficulty in introducing of solid-state nanocrystal seeds and nonuniform mixing are overcome, andthe uniform mixing of the raw materials and additives is guaranteed; the microtopography with fine and uniform crystal seed size is realized, and the compressive strength and grinding property are improved.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a transition element hydroxide by using calcium hydroxide. According to the method, two solutions are continuously mixed to react in a crystallization reactor, and in the process of hybrid reaction, through controlling the flows of a transition element sulfate solution and a circulating solution of a circulating lifting device in the reactor, sulfate ions and calcium ions form calcium sulphate crystals with large particle sizes and the crystals subside to the kettle bottom of the crystallization reactor; transition element ions are combined with hydroxy radicals so as to generate transition element hydroxides with small particle sizes, and the transition element hydroxides overflow through an upper overflow tank by using the circulating lifting device, thereby separating the transition element hydroxides from calcium sulfate. The prepared transition element hydroxides comprise cobalt hydroxide, nickel hydroxide, copper hydroxide and zinc hydroxide. The method for preparing transition element hydroxides has the advantages of low cost, simpleness in process, and high conversion rate of transition element ions, and the like, therefore, the method has a broad application prospect.

The invention provides a method for improving the mechanical property of a 3D printing nickel-based superalloy through in-situ heat treatment. The laser 3D printing process comprises the steps of firstly, forming alloy powder by using a high-energy-density laser beam to obtain a forming layer; and then, conducting in-situ secondary laser scanning on the forming layer through a low-energy-density laser beam to achieve in-situ heat treatment. Aiming at the problems of nickel-based superalloy laser 3D printing cracking, insufficient mechanical properties and the like, the high-power laser beam isadopted for primary scanning at a high scanning speed, and the forming layer is obtained through fusion forming; then, secondary scanning is conducted on the forming layer through the low-power laserat a low scanning speed, and the lasers are accurately controlled to scan the energy input twice, so that in-situ heat treatment in the nickel-based superalloy laser 3D printing process is achieved,residual stress is rapidly eliminated, and cracks are avoided; and a nano precipitated phase is separated out, the microstructure of the alloy is regulated, and the mechanical property is improved.

The invention discloses thick and heavy hot-rolled H-shaped steel capable of inhibiting grain growth and a production method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of iron and steel smelting. TheH-shaped steel comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.05%-0.20% of C, 0.10%-0.50% of Si, 0.80%-1.60% of Mn, 0.02%-0.04% of Nb, 0.008%-0.015% of Ti, 0.003%-0.005% of N, and thebalance of iron and other impurities. The production method of the thick and heavy hot-rolled H-shaped steel comprises the following production steps of molten steel smelting, casting blank continuouscasting, heating by a heating furnace, cogging mill rough rolling, universal mill finish rolling and cooling by a cooling bed, wherein the cooling speed of a continuous casting blank is controlled tobe smaller than 5 DEG C/s in the casting blank continuous casting process. In order to overcome the technical problem of Ti/Nb composite microalloying in the actual production process, the size and volume fraction of TiN second-phase particles are regulated and controlled by controlling the components of Ti and N; and epitaxial growth of the NbC-attached TiN particles is achieved through the optimized size and volume fraction of the TiN particles in cooperation with control over the cooling speed, and therefore it is guaranteed that the grain size of austenite obtained after final rough rolling is smaller than 50 micrometers.

The invention discloses a preparation method of anti-blocking strontium chloride, which comprises the following steps: adding industrial strontium carbonate and industrial hydrochloric acid in a reaction kettle for reaction; regulating the PH value of impurity-removed solution to 2 to 3; concentrating; centrifuging; and drying and the like for packing strontium chloride; and obtaining a strontium chloride product. The seed crystal preparation is carried out before strontium chloride is crystallized, excessive strontium chloride and a small amount of acetic acid are added, the added strontium chloride serves as a seed crystal in the solution to ensure that larger-particle crystals are obtained, a small amount of acetic acid can change the crystal type of the strontium chloride crystal, so that the crystallization supersaturation is reduced, the large cubic crystals are beneficial for being obtained, and the formation of poor crystals such as cluster crystals can be inhabited. After drying treatment, the strontium chloride product stacked for a long time without blockage can be obtained.

The invention relates to a continuous crystallizer mainly used for concentrative crystallization in monosidum glutamate production of food industry. The continuous crystallizer consists of an upper seal head (14), an upper cylinder (12), an upper cone (9), a middle cylinder (7), a lower cone (3) and a bottom seal head (1) which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, wherein the cylinder wall of the upper cylinder (12) is connected with a crystal paste circulating port (11) and an inoculating port (17), an inner cone (10) and an inner cylinder (8) are respectively arranged in the upper cone (9) and the middle cylinder (7), and a flow guiding cylinder (4) is arranged in the inner cone (10), the inner cylinder (8) and the lower cone (3); a circulated discharge port (18) is arranged on the cylinder wall of the middle cylinder (7), a circulated flow returning port (2) and a crystal paste outlet (20) are arranged on the cylinder wall of the lower cone (3), and the bottom end of the crystallizer is provided with an inner circulating pump (21); the top of the upper seal head (14) is provided with a catcher (15), and the side of the catcher (15) is provided with a secondary steam outlet (16). The continuous crystallizer has the characteristics of low steam consumption, high equipment yield, high degree of the automation and the like.

Disclosed is a process for any productions that involve reacting or mixing two or more substances to form one or more new substances under low supersaturation. However, the specific process used to exemplify the present invention is the “wet process” phosphoric acid production, in which this process is achieved through dissolving the phosphate ore and dispersing the sulfuric acid separately and simultaneously with the gypsum slurry that has roughly stoichiometrically balanced calcium and sulfate ions in the solution and is also at considerably low supersaturation. The slurry carried out digesting the phosphate ore and the slurry accomplished dispersing the sulfuric acid then mix together to form the said gypsum slurry that has roughly stoichiometrically balanced calcium and sulfate ions in the solution and is also at considerably low supersaturation. The slurry for filtration is drawn from the sulfuric acid dispersion compartment, and the sulfate level for this slurry is maintained suitable for the product separation.