The invention relates to a method and a device for refining caprolactam. The device comprises a stripping tower, a hydrogenation tower, a triple-effect evaporator, a dehydration tank, a concentration buffer tank, a No. 1 climbing film evaporator, a No. 2 climbing film evaporator, an evaporation and condensation tank, a light component removal tower and a heavy component removal tower. Amide oil is subjected to caustification and extraction processes to remove most of byproducts, and a separated caprolactam water solution is subjected to benzene stripping, hydrogenation, triple-effect evaporation, concentration and dehydration processes and then enters the concentration buffer tank. Alkali is added into the buffer tank for performing alkali treatment, and the caprolactam water solution after alkali treatment enters the climbing film evaporators for climbing film evaporation. Residues after evaporation return into a crystallization device for treatment. The caprolactam water solution evaporated by climbing film evaporation enters the light component removal tower and the heavy component removal tower for rectification to obtain a caprolactam product. The climbing film evaporators are used for replacing thin film evaporators, and the alkali treatment process is performed in the concentration buffer tank in advance, so that the corrosion problem of the evaporators is solved; meanwhile, the alkali distillation process in an alkali tower is canceled, the process flow is simplified and the energy consumption and the production cost are reduced.