Shield / TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) starting counter-force device in subsurface tunnel primary support structure and construction method

Abstract

The invention provides a shield / TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) starting counter-force device in a subsurface tunnel primary support structure, which comprises a starting frame arranged in a tunnel body along the length direction of the tunnel body; the counter-force rings are arranged on the starting frame in an end-to-end connection mode, and the axes of the counter-force rings are parallel to the axis of the tunnel body; the supporting unit comprises a plurality of groups of positive supporting arms and inclined supporting arms which are arrayed on the circumferential side of the counter-force ring at the tail position, the extension line of each positive supporting arm in the length direction is perpendicular to the axis of the counter-force ring, and the extension line of each inclined supporting arm in the length direction forms an included angle of 45-75 degrees with the axis of the counter-force ring; a bracket seat is arranged at one end, far away from the counter-force ring, of each inclined supporting arm; and the multiple sets of pre-embedded steel plates are evenly distributed on the inner wall of the tunnel body, and the multiple sets of positive supporting arms and the multiple sets of bracket bases are connected with the corresponding pre-embedded steel plates correspondingly. The counterforce ring is connected with the underground excavation primary support, and shield launching can be completed under the condition that no station or underground excavation civil air defense tunnel main body structure exists.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel shield / TBM construction technology, and in particular to a shield / TBM initial reaction force device in a primary support structure of a dark excavation tunnel and a construction method. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, my country's subway construction has developed rapidly, which has put higher requirements on the construction progress of subway section tunnels and stations.

[0003] In actual construction, it is often the case that when the shield machine reaches the second start, the main structure of the station has not been completed. At this time, the conventional shield machine start reaction frame device cannot be installed. Installing a reaction ring device in a dark-cut civil air defense tunnel for shield machine start has become a construction difficulty, and existing technologies are difficult to meet construction needs. The traditional shield machine start process relies on installing a reaction support frame in the station. The process is complicated and cannot be implemented when the station structure does not meet the conditions. There are also problems such as high cost and long construction period. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a shield / TBM starting reaction force device and a construction method in the primary support structure of a dark tunnel, which solves the problem in the prior art that when the construction progress cannot meet the requirements for installing a reaction frame device for the shield machine to start, the shield can be started smoothly in the dark tunnel, while ensuring construction safety, reducing costs and shortening construction period.

[0005] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a positioning construction system for a prefabricated integrated pipe gallery under a large longitudinal slope includes a starting frame, which is arranged inside the tunnel body along the length direction of the tunnel body; multiple groups of reaction rings are connected end to end and arranged on the starting frame, and the axes of the multiple groups of reaction rings are parallel to the axis of the tunnel body; a support unit includes multiple groups of positive support arms and oblique support arms arrayed at the rear position on the circumferential side of the reaction ring, wherein the extension line of each positive support arm along the length direction is perpendicular to the axis of the reaction ring, and the extension line of each oblique support arm along the length direction is at an angle of 45° to 75° with the axis of the reaction ring, and a corbel seat is provided at one end of each oblique support arm away from the reaction ring; multiple groups of embedded steel plates are evenly distributed on the inner wall of the tunnel body, and the multiple groups of positive support arms and the multiple groups of corbel seats are respectively connected to the corresponding embedded steel plates.

[0006] Preferably, on the other hand, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the present invention also provides a construction method of a shield / TBM initial reaction force device in a primary support structure of a dark excavation tunnel, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Processing of reaction ring plate: Processing is carried out according to the size requirements of shield segments;

[0008] S2. Rebar planting in dark excavated tunnels: Drill holes using appropriate drilling equipment according to the measured rebar planting points, and slowly insert the prepared anchor rods into the holes filled with rebar planting glue to complete the installation;

[0009] S3, installation of embedded steel plates, installing the embedded steel plates on the inner wall of the tunnel body through the anchor rods in S2;

[0010] S4. Installation of reaction ring: install the starting frame into the tunnel body, and then install the reaction ring on the starting frame in sequence;

[0011] S5. Remeasurement and correction of reaction ring: clarify the design center position, elevation and horizontal deviation allowable range of the reaction ring, set up multiple clear and stable measurement observation points on the reaction ring, evenly distributed in the circumferential and longitudinal directions, to facilitate all-round measurement;

[0012] S6, reaction ring reinforcement: install the support unit to the side of the reaction ring at the tail to form a stable support;

[0013] S7. Reinforcement of the starting frame and installation of the axial force meter of the reaction ring: The two sides of the starting frame are reinforced with I-beams and steel plates respectively, and then the axial force meter is installed on the reaction ring to monitor the axial force changes at the reaction ring of the starting section of the shield and determine the removal time of the reaction frame and negative ring.

[0014] Preferably, in step S1: when processing the reaction ring plate, a plurality of arc-shaped plates are processed according to the size requirements of the shield segment and assembled by bolts.

[0015] Preferably, in step S2: when embedding reinforcement in a dark-excavated tunnel, anchor rods, embedding glue, drilling equipment, measuring tools and other construction machinery are prepared according to design requirements, and then holes are drilled at designated embedding locations to complete the installation.

[0016] Preferably, in step S3: when installing the embedded steel plate, the embedded steel plate needs to be chiseled out in the annular direction of the dark-excavated tunnel and the initial supporting concrete is sprayed to the rock surface to ensure that the embedded steel plate is installed flat, and is connected and anchored with the rebar glue through the anchor rod 3.

[0017] Preferably, in step S4: when the reaction ring is installed, the processed reaction ring is stably lifted to the installation area in the dark tunnel by using lifting equipment to complete the installation.

[0018] Preferably, in step S5: when re-measurement and correction of the reaction ring, the design center position, elevation and allowable range of horizontal deviation of the reaction ring are clarified according to the design drawings, and at the same time, multiple clear and stable measurement observation points are set on the reaction ring, evenly distributed in the circumferential and longitudinal directions, to facilitate all-round measurement.

[0019] Preferably, in step S6: when reinforcing the reaction ring, the reaction ring support adopts two forms of diagonal support and straight support, and there are 24 support points around the reaction ring, the first support is perpendicular to the side wall embedded parts; the second support is on the corresponding corbel.

[0020] Preferably, in step S7: the starting frame is reinforced by reinforcing both sides of the starting frame with I-beams and steel plates, one end is welded to the base of the starting frame, and the other end is supported on the side wall of the civil air defense section.

[0021] Preferably, in step S7: an axial force meter for the reaction ring is installed, and the axial force meter is installed on the reaction ring support frame to monitor the axial force changes at the reaction ring of the starting section of the shield in real time, so as to determine the removal time of the reaction frame and the negative ring.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: by connecting the reaction ring with the initial support of the dark excavation, the shield machine can be started even without a station and the main structure of the dark excavation civil air defense tunnel. Compared with the traditional shield machine starting process, there is no need to rely on the installation of a reaction support frame in the station, which solves the problem of shield machine starting under special working conditions. At the same time, the temporary reaction ring device is directly connected to the initial support of the dark excavation civil air defense tunnel, avoiding the installation of pre-buried reaction frame support steel plates in the traditional process, effectively saving material costs and processing costs, and shortening the construction period. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the main structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the reaction ring in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 The present invention is a flow chart of a construction method of a shield machine / TBM initial reaction force device in a primary support structure of a dark excavation tunnel.

[0027] In the above drawings: 1, reaction ring; 100, tunnel body; 101, starting frame; 2, positive support arm; 201, oblique support arm; 203, embedded steel plate; 204, anchor rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0029] like Figures 1 to 4As shown, an embodiment of the present invention proposes a shield / TBM starting reaction device in the primary support structure of a dark excavated tunnel, including a starting frame 101, which is arranged inside the tunnel body 100 along the length direction of the tunnel body 100; multiple groups of reaction rings 1 are connected end to end and arranged on the starting frame 101, and the axes of the multiple groups of reaction rings 1 are parallel to the axes of the tunnel body 100; a support unit, including multiple groups of positive support arms 2 and oblique support arms 201 arrayed at the rear position on the side of the reaction ring 1, wherein the extension line of each positive support arm 2 along the length direction is perpendicular to the axis of the reaction ring 1, and the extension line of each oblique support arm 201 along the length direction is at an angle of 45° to 75° with the axis of the reaction ring 1, and a bracket seat is provided at one end of each oblique support arm 201 away from the reaction ring 1; multiple groups of embedded steel plates 203 are evenly distributed on the inner wall of the tunnel body 100, and the multiple groups of positive support arms 2 and the multiple groups of bracket seats are respectively connected to the corresponding embedded steel plates 203.

[0030] The detailed working process of this embodiment is as follows: the positive support arm 2 is perpendicular to the axis of the reaction ring 1, and can directly bear the axial thrust generated when the shield starts, provide stable axial support for the reaction ring 1, and prevent the reaction ring from axial displacement under the thrust of the shield. The oblique support arm 201 is set at a certain angle to the axis of the reaction ring 1, which can not only share part of the axial force, but also effectively resist the lateral force, enhance the stability of the reaction ring 1 in the horizontal and vertical directions, and reduce the deformation and shaking of the reaction ring 1 under complex force conditions.

[0031] The bracket at the end of the oblique support arm 201 increases the contact area and connection stability with the embedded steel plate 203. The bracket can transfer the force exerted on the oblique support arm 201 to the embedded steel plate 203 more evenly, avoiding local stress concentration, thereby improving the bearing capacity and reliability of the entire support structure.

[0032] The embedded steel plates 203 are evenly distributed on the inner wall of the tunnel body, connected with the positive support arm 2 and the bracket, so that the support unit and the tunnel body form a whole. In this way, the huge reaction force generated when the shield is started can be evenly transferred to the tunnel body structure, and the structural strength of the tunnel body can be used to disperse and withstand the reaction force, further enhancing the stability of the entire starting reaction force device.

[0033] like Figure 4 As shown, a construction method of a shield machine / TBM initial reaction force device in a primary support structure of a dark excavated tunnel is also provided, comprising the following steps:

[0034] S1. Processing of reaction ring plate 1: Processing is carried out according to the size requirements of the shield segment;

[0035] S2, dark excavation tunnel reinforcement: according to the measured reinforcement points, use appropriate drilling equipment to drill holes, slowly insert the prepared anchor rod 3 into the drill hole filled with reinforcement glue to complete the installation;

[0036] S3, installing the embedded steel plate 203, installing the embedded steel plate 203 on the inner wall of the tunnel body 100 through the anchor rod 3 in S2;

[0037] S4, installation of the reaction ring 1: installing the starting frame 101 into the tunnel body 100, and then installing the reaction ring 1 on the starting frame 101 in sequence;

[0038] S5. Remeasurement and correction of reaction ring 1: clarify the design center position, elevation and horizontal deviation allowable range of reaction ring 1, set up multiple clear and stable measurement observation points on reaction ring 1, evenly distributed in the circumferential and longitudinal directions, to facilitate all-round measurement;

[0039] S6, Reaction ring 1 reinforcement: Install the support unit to the side of the reaction ring 1 at the tail to form a stable support;

[0040] S7. Reinforcement of the starting frame 101 and installation of the axial force meter of the reaction ring: The two sides of the starting frame 101 are reinforced with I-beams and steel plates respectively, and then an axial force meter is installed on the reaction ring 1 to monitor the axial force changes at the reaction ring 1 of the shield starting section and determine the time to remove the negative ring.

[0041] like Figure 4 As shown, in step S1: when processing the reaction ring plate 1, a plurality of arc-shaped plates are processed according to the size requirements of the shield segment and assembled by bolts.

[0042] The detailed working process of this embodiment is as follows: first, determine the processing size of the reaction ring 1 according to the size of the shield segment and the cutter head, prepare various materials and equipment required for construction, and process it strictly in accordance with the size requirements of the shield segment. The inner diameter is 5400mm, the outer diameter is 6000mm, the material is 20mm thick Q235 steel plate (rib plate 10mm steel plate), the bolt connection hole diameter is φ32, and the connecting bolt is M30*100.

[0043] like Figure 4 As shown, in step S2: when planting reinforcement in a dark-excavated tunnel, according to the design requirements, prepare anchor rods 3, reinforcement glue, drilling equipment, measuring tools and other construction machinery and equipment, and then drill holes at the designated reinforcement locations to complete the installation.

[0044] like Figure 4 As shown, in step S3: when installing the embedded steel plate 203, the embedded steel plate 203 needs to be chiseled out in the annular direction of the dark-excavated tunnel and the initial support concrete is sprayed to the rock surface to ensure that the embedded steel plate 203 is installed flat, and is connected and anchored with the rebar glue through the anchor rod 3.

[0045] The detailed working process of this embodiment is as follows: one set of reaction brackets is arranged every 36° along the circumferential direction, with a total of 12 sets in the whole ring. The upper 7 sets are pre-embedded parts (500mm*500mm) of 20mmQ235 steel plates 203 in the primary support. After the primary support concrete is removed to the rock surface, 11 threaded steel anchor rods 3 with a diameter of 25 and a length of 1500mm are used, anchored with rebar glue, and the pull-out resistance is not less than 30KN; the lower 5 sets are pre-embedded in the concrete bottom plate with 20mmQ235 steel plates as the bracket welding surface, and each steel plate is welded with 11 threaded steel bars with a diameter of 25 (the steel bars are fully welded to the steel plates after being hooked).

[0046] like Figure 4 As shown, in step S4: when the reaction ring 1 is installed, the processed reaction ring 1 is stably lifted to the installation area in the dark tunnel by using lifting equipment to complete the installation.

[0047] The detailed working process of this embodiment is as follows: the reaction ring 1 is installed to the designed mileage by using a lifting device, fixed to the bottom plate pre-embedded steel plate 203 through 5 sets of reaction brackets at the bottom, and fully welded to the reaction ring plate after positioning.

[0048] like Figure 4 As shown, in step S5: when re-measurement and correction of the reaction ring 1, the design center position, elevation and allowable range of horizontal deviation of the reaction ring 1 are clarified according to the design drawings, and at the same time, a plurality of clear and stable measurement observation points are set on the reaction ring 1, evenly distributed in the circumferential and longitudinal directions, to facilitate all-round measurement.

[0049] The detailed working process of this embodiment is: select high-precision total stations, levels and other measuring instruments, and strictly calibrate them before use to ensure that the measurement data is accurate and reliable. According to the design drawings, clarify the design center position, elevation and horizontal deviation allowable range of the reaction ring 1, that is, the left and right deviations are controlled within ±10mm, and the elevation deviations are controlled within ±5mm. Set a number of clear and stable measurement observation points on the reaction ring 1, evenly distributed in the circumferential and longitudinal directions to facilitate all-round measurement. After completing the correction operation, use the measuring instrument again to conduct a comprehensive measurement of each observation point of the reaction ring 1 to check whether the deviation has been adjusted to the allowable range. If there is still a deviation, repeat the correction and re-measurement steps until the position and elevation of the reaction ring 1 meet the design standards. Organize the re-measurement data, form a detailed record and archive it to provide a reliable basis for subsequent construction.

[0050] like Figure 4 As shown, in step S6: when the reaction ring 1 is reinforced, the reaction ring 1 is supported in two forms: diagonal support and straight support, and there are 24 support points around the reaction ring 1, the first support is perpendicular to the side wall embedded parts; the second support is on the corresponding corbel.

[0051] The detailed working process of this embodiment is as follows: diagonal bracing and straight bracing are used for reinforcement, with a total of 24 support points. After positioning, four 400-type steel piers are used to pad the bottom ring surface of the reference ring. The first support is made of 200-type steel double-jointed perpendicular to the side wall embedded parts, and the second support is placed on the first bracket. During installation, the left and right deviations of the reaction ring are controlled within ±10mm, and the elevation deviation is within ±5mm. The support welding needs to be fully welded and subjected to flaw detection tests.

[0052] like Figure 4 As shown, in step S7: the starting frame 101 is reinforced by reinforcing both sides of the starting frame 101 with I-beams and steel plates, one end is welded to the base of the starting frame 101, and the other end is supported on the side wall of the civil defense section.

[0053] The detailed working process of this embodiment is as follows: 5 20B I-beams and steel plates are used to reinforce both sides of the starting frame 101, one side is welded to the base of the starting frame 101, and the other side is supported on the side wall. A 0.6m long 20B I-beam is welded near the tunnel entrance to prevent forward movement, and a guide rail is welded to ensure that the shield body can enter the tunnel smoothly.

[0054] like Figure 4 As shown, in step S7: an axial force meter for reaction ring 1 is installed, and an axial force meter is installed on the reaction ring 1 support frame to monitor the axial force changes at the reaction ring 1 of the starting section of the shield in real time, so as to determine the removal time of the reaction frame 1 and the negative ring.

[0055] The detailed working process of this embodiment is: installing an axial force meter on the reaction ring 1 support frame, monitoring the axial force changes at the reaction ring 1 of the shield starting section, and determining the removal time of the reaction frame and the negative ring.

[0056] The axial force meter can monitor the axial force changes at the reaction ring 1 in real time, so that construction personnel can know the stress conditions of the reaction ring 1 at any time during the shield starting process. If the axial force fluctuates abnormally, such as a sudden increase or decrease, it may mean that there are problems with the reaction ring structure, shield excavation parameters or stratum conditions. Construction personnel can take timely measures, such as adjusting shield excavation parameters, checking the reaction ring structure, etc., to avoid safety accidents such as instability of the reaction frame and damage to the negative ring due to abnormal reaction force.

[0057] The implementation principle of the embodiment of the present application is: the reaction ring 1 is connected to the dark excavation primary support. When the main structure of the station is missing, the reaction ring 1 becomes the key bearing component of the initial reaction force of the shield. The reaction ring 1 is connected to the reaction brackets arranged along the annular direction, and the reaction brackets are connected to the steel plates embedded in the side walls and concrete bottom plates of the initial support of the dark excavation tunnel. In this way, a stable force transmission path is constructed from the shield thrust to the reaction ring 1, and then transmitted to the tunnel primary support structure through the reaction brackets and the embedded steel plates, and the strength of the tunnel primary support structure is used to withstand the initial reaction force of the shield.

[0058] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shield machine / TBM initial reaction force device in the primary support structure of a dark excavated tunnel, characterized in that: include: A starting frame (101) is arranged inside the tunnel body (100) along the length direction of the tunnel body (100); A plurality of reaction rings (1) are arranged end to end on the starting frame (101), and the axes of the plurality of reaction rings (1) are parallel to the axis of the tunnel body (100); The support unit comprises a plurality of groups of positive support arms (2) and oblique support arms (201) arranged in an array on the circumference of a reaction ring (1) at a tail position, wherein the extension line of each positive support arm (2) along its length direction is perpendicular to the axis of the reaction ring (1), the extension line of each oblique support arm (201) along its length direction forms an angle of 45° to 75° with the axis of the reaction ring (1), and a corbel seat is provided at one end of each oblique support arm (201) away from the reaction ring (1); A plurality of groups of embedded steel plates (203) are evenly distributed on the inner wall of the tunnel body (100), and a plurality of groups of positive support arms (2) and a plurality of groups of corbels are respectively connected to the corresponding embedded steel plates (203).

2. The construction method of the shield machine / TBM initial reaction force device in the primary support structure of a dark excavated tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The following steps are included: S1. Processing of reaction ring plate (1): Processing is carried out according to the size requirements of shield segment; S2, dark tunnel reinforcement: according to the measured reinforcement points, use appropriate drilling equipment to drill holes, slowly insert the prepared anchor rod (3) into the drill hole filled with reinforcement glue to complete the installation; S3, installing the embedded steel plate (203), installing the embedded steel plate (203) on the inner wall of the tunnel body (100) through the anchor rod (3) in S2; S4, installation of the reaction ring (1): installing the starting frame (101) into the tunnel body (100), and then installing the reaction ring (1) on the starting frame (101) in sequence; S5. Remeasurement and correction of reaction ring (1): clarify the design center position, elevation and horizontal deviation allowable range of the reaction ring (1), set up multiple clear and stable measurement observation points on the reaction ring (1), evenly distributed in the circumferential and longitudinal directions, to facilitate all-round measurement; S6. Reinforcement of the reaction ring (1): Install the support unit to the side of the reaction ring (1) at the rear to form a stable support; S7. Reinforcement of the starting frame (101) and installation of an axial force meter on the reaction ring: The two sides of the starting frame (101) are reinforced with I-beams and steel plates respectively, and then an axial force meter is installed on the reaction ring (1) to monitor the axial force changes at the reaction ring (1) of the starting section of the shield machine and determine the time to remove the reaction frame (1) and the negative ring.

3. The construction method of the shield machine / TBM initial reaction force device in the primary support structure of a dark excavated tunnel according to claim 2 is characterized in that: In step S1: when processing the reaction ring plate (1), a plurality of arc-shaped plates are processed according to the size requirements of the shield segment and assembled by bolts.

4. The construction method of the shield machine / TBM initial reaction force device in the primary support structure of a dark excavated tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S2: when planting reinforcement in a dark-excavated tunnel, anchor rods (3), reinforcement glue, drilling equipment, measuring tools and other construction equipment are prepared according to design requirements, and then holes are drilled at designated reinforcement locations to complete the installation.

5. The construction method of the shield machine / TBM initial reaction force device in the primary support structure of a dark excavated tunnel according to claim 4 is characterized in that: In step S3: when installing the embedded steel plate (203), the embedded steel plate (203) needs to be chiseled out in the annular direction of the dark tunnel and the initial support concrete is sprayed to the rock surface to ensure that the embedded steel plate (203) is installed flat, and is connected and anchored with the rebar glue through the anchor rod (3).

6. The construction method of the shield machine / TBM initial reaction force device in the primary support structure of a dark excavated tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S4: when the reaction ring (1) is installed, the processed reaction ring (1) is stably lifted to the installation area in the dark tunnel by using a lifting device to complete the installation.

7. The construction method of the shield machine / TBM initial reaction force device in the primary support structure of a dark excavated tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S5: when re-measurement and correction of the reaction ring (1), the design center position, elevation and horizontal deviation allowable range of the reaction ring (1) are clearly defined according to the design drawings. At the same time, a plurality of clear and stable measurement observation points are set on the reaction ring (1), evenly distributed in the circumferential and longitudinal directions, to facilitate all-round measurement.

8. The construction method of the shield machine / TBM initial reaction force device in the primary support structure of a dark excavated tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S6: when reinforcing the reaction ring (1), the reaction ring (1) is supported in the form of diagonal support and straight support, and there are 24 support points around the reaction ring (1), the first support is perpendicular to the side wall embedded parts; the second support is on the corresponding bracket.

9. The construction method of the shield machine / TBM initial reaction force device in the primary support structure of a dark excavated tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S7: the starting frame (101) is reinforced by respectively reinforcing both sides of the starting frame (101) with I-beams and steel plates, one end of which is welded to the base of the starting frame (101), and the other end is supported on the side wall of the civil air defense section.

10. The construction method of the shield machine / TBM initial reaction force device in the primary support structure of a dark excavated tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S7: when installing the axial force meter of the reaction ring (1), the axial force meter is installed on the reaction ring (1) support frame to monitor the axial force changes at the reaction ring (1) of the starting section of the shield in real time, so as to determine the removal time of the reaction frame (1) and the negative ring.

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