Combined fixed grate incinerator
By designing a combined fixed grate incinerator, adopting a dual combustion chamber and isolation device design, combining high-temperature air-fire exhaust outlets and secondary flue gas combustion chambers, the problems of difficult burnout and high operating costs in existing grate incinerators are solved, and more efficient combustion and lower operating costs are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202420169865.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-24
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-29
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-01-24
AI Technical Summary
The existing grate incinerator has a single incineration chamber design. Improper arrangement of high-temperature flue gas discharge outlets makes it difficult to burn out the end materials. The movable grate needs to be equipped with agitating devices to promote full combustion, resulting in high operating costs and low thermal efficiency.
A combined fixed grate incinerator is designed, which includes two combustion chambers and isolation device. The front combustion chamber has an inclined fixed grate and an isolated silo device, and the rear combustion chamber has a high-temperature air-fire exhaust outlet and a secondary flue gas combustion chamber, combining the blower and the induced fan power to promote combustion.
It realizes uniform combustion of materials during incineration, improves the burnout rate of slag ash, reduces operating costs and thermal energy losses, and reduces power consumption.
Smart Images
Figure CN222811761U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to an incinerator, in particular to a combined fixed grate incinerator. Background Art
[0002] Background of existing grate incinerators: Existing grate incinerators have a wide range of uses in the market, such as coal incineration power generation, domestic waste incineration and biomass incineration power generation, which have a large market share.
[0003] The existing incinerator equipment technology and process design are primitive. For example, the high-temperature flue gas exhaust port of the incinerator is set in the middle of the front cover. The purpose is to make the new material entering the furnace a moisture-exhausting and drying end, which is conducive to the rapid drying and ignition of the material. The middle end of the grate is the high-temperature combustion end, which is located at the fire reflection and concentration end of the high-temperature flue gas exhaust port above, which is conducive to high-temperature combustion. However, the end of the furnace bed accounts for 40% of the total length of the furnace bed and is the combustion and burnout end. When all the incinerated materials are to be burned out, they run to the end with low calorific value and weak firepower. The generated heat energy is promptly sucked to the high-temperature exhaust port by the wind force of the induced draft fan and discharged to produce steam for power generation. The end furnace wall and the upper cover plate also have no high-temperature reflection force, resulting in a large loss of slag due to incomplete combustion, especially for the incineration of domestic garbage, which has great environmental pressure. In order to increase the combustion rate of slag ash, oil has to be sprayed at the end to assist combustion, which will cause high operating costs and other undesirable factors. Therefore, there is a lot of room for improvement. Utility Model Content
[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is that the existing grate incinerator has only one incineration chamber, and the high-temperature flue gas outlet is arranged at the front position of the upper cover, which leads to the sequelae that the terminal material is difficult to burn out; the movable grate needs to be equipped with a stirring device so that the waste can be fully burned. The stirring device is a dynamic incineration, and the high-temperature flue gas contains very high ash and moisture. The introduction of the waste heat boiler to produce steam is easy to block the water-cooled wall of the heater and other pipelines, seriously affecting the thermal efficiency of steam production, etc. The loss is large. The manufacturing cost is high, and the operation and maintenance cost is high.
[0005] The above-mentioned existing technical problems to be solved by the present invention are achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:
[0006] The utility model discloses a combined fixed grate incinerator comprising an outer shell of an incinerator assembly, wherein two combustion chambers are arranged inside the outer shell of the incinerator assembly, and an isolation device is arranged between the two combustion chambers from top to bottom, wherein the isolation device is a curved isolation wall device, and after the isolation device is arranged, a front combustion chamber and a rear combustion chamber are realized, and the space arrangement of the front and rear combustion chambers can meet the space required for the incineration function of incinerating various solid wastes and coal blocks, a high-temperature wind and fire exhaust outlet device is arranged at the upper cover plate at the end of the rear combustion chamber and is connected to the secondary smoke combustion chamber arrangement, and the high-temperature wind and fire exhaust outlet is arranged at the upper cover plate at a distance of 1 to 6 meters in the end wall of the inner shell of the incinerator.
[0007] A fixed grate device and an isolation bin device are arranged at the bottom of the front combustion chamber. The front fixed grate device is arranged with an inclined dehumidification grate which is conducive to the automatic sliding of materials and is connected to an inclined combustion grate with automatic slow sliding. The end of the combustion grate is connected to an isolation bin device arranged below. A vertical concave-convex tile-shaped fixed grate is arranged at the other end of the isolation bin device, which is pre-buried in the wall at the end of the isolation device. The bottom of the isolation bin device is connected to the inclined automatic slow sliding high-temperature combustion fixed grate below. A hydraulic cylinder device or a small flat car type secondary feeding device is arranged at an angle on the upper end; a reciprocating movable grate is arranged below the end of the high-temperature combustion fixed grate as a burnout grate; the burnout grate can also be provided with an inclined concave-convex tile-type fixed grate; a bottom slag discharge device is arranged below the end of the burnout grate; the upper end of the slag discharge device is connected to the outside and a row of multiple ignition and oxygen inlet special pipes are arranged; the slag discharge device is connected to the combined ash discharge device; the high-temperature fixed grate or the burnout grate is arranged under the cover of the afterburner chamber and the high-temperature wind and fire discharge port.
[0008] The upper end of the isolation device is provided with a fire and wind port, so that the fire and wind generated in the front combustion chamber can flow smoothly to the rear combustion chamber to gather high-temperature fire and wind of ≥850℃ and stay for 2-3 seconds until it is discharged from the high-temperature fire and wind outlet. A special fire and wind damper is added above the fire and wind port when the incinerator is ignited and put into production. The upper cover plate of the front combustion chamber is provided with a special ignition air duct and air valve device.
[0009] The front combustion chamber is connected to the outside and a feeding device is arranged. The feeding device includes a feeding port and a curved feeding bin below. A hydraulic cylinder device and a small flatbed pusher device are arranged at the bottom of the curved feeding bin.
[0010] The bottom of the incinerator assembly outer shell is provided with two or more rows of combined columns of reinforced cement concrete structure, and the tops of all combined columns are provided with inclined platform-type reinforced cement concrete structure bearing beams, and the upper parts of the bearing beams are connected to the bottom of the incinerator assembly shell. The bottoms of the high-temperature combustion fixed grate and the burnout grate are provided with multiple combined ash discharge devices.
[0011] A high-temperature flue gas outlet is added at the end of the secondary flue gas combustion chamber to connect to the waste heat boiler to produce steam for utilization. A secondary air and fire damper is arranged above the high-temperature flue gas outlet.
[0012] The blower is arranged on the outside of the bottom of the waste heat boiler, and the blower is connected to the blast duct and the air heater device at the end of the waste heat boiler. The air is heated to ≥250°C through the heater and sent to the bottom of each section of the grate from the air outlet pipe for oxygen supply, and the induced draft fan's induced air function promotes combustion.
[0013] Beneficial effects of the utility model: The utility model of the incinerator has outstanding technology, and has the following features and advantages: 1) The personalized setting of the two combustion chambers is different; 2) The setting of the combined incineration grate device is different from the arrangement of the isolation bin device in the upper middle section. If this device is not set, two incineration chambers cannot be realized. 3) The personalized setting of the wind and fire damper and the induced draft duct device is different. If this device is not set, the incinerator cannot be put into production and ignited. 4) The advantages of setting two combustion chambers: A) The smoke and fire generated in the front combustion chamber burn back, and the high temperature of several hundred degrees combined with the isolation device combined reflection causes the new material entering the inclined drainage gas grate to meet the high temperature reflection and dehumidification to promote combustion quickly. The material automatically slides down to the isolation bin device as it burns, so that the material is turned over and dehumidified thoroughly. The material enters the high-temperature combustion end to the end, and the high temperature of thousands of degrees above is reflected. All low-heat solid wastes and coal blocks, as well as rural and township domestic garbage containing a lot of ash and soil, can be burned without worries, and even the most difficult combustible materials can be turned into ashes. B) This incinerator is equipped with two incineration chambers and uses blower and induced draft fan power, which can save 30% of power electricity compared with the existing grate furnace of the same level. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the utility model.
[0015] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the implementation structure of the utility model.
[0016] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the implementation structure of the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0017] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further described below with reference to specific illustrations.
[0018] The utility model discloses a combined fixed grate incinerator, comprising an outer shell 1 of an incinerator assembly, wherein two combustion chambers are arranged inside the outer shell 1 of the incinerator assembly, and an isolation device 2 is arranged between the two combustion chambers from top to bottom, wherein the isolation device is a curved isolation wall device, and after the isolation device 2 is arranged, a front combustion chamber 3 and a rear combustion chamber 4 are realized, and the space arrangement of the front and rear combustion chambers can meet the space required for the incineration function of incinerating various solid wastes and coal blocks, a high-temperature wind and fire exhaust outlet device 5 is arranged at an upper cover plate at the end of the rear combustion chamber 4 and is connected to a secondary smoke combustion chamber 6, and the high-temperature wind and fire exhaust outlet 5 is arranged at an upper cover plate at a distance of 1 to 6 meters from the end wall of the inner shell of the incinerator.
[0019] A fixed grate device and an isolation bin device 9A are arranged at the bottom of the front combustion chamber 3. The front fixed grate device is arranged with an inclined moisture removal grate 7A which is conducive to the automatic sliding of materials and is connected to an inclined combustion grate 7B with automatic slow sliding. The end of the combustion grate 7B is connected to the isolation bin device 9A arranged below. The other end of the isolation bin device 9A is provided with a vertical concave-convex tile-shaped fixed grate 9B, which is pre-buried in the wall at the end of the isolation device 2. The bottom of the isolation bin device 9A is connected to the inclined automatic slow sliding high-temperature combustion fixed grate 10A below. A hydraulic cylinder device or a small flat car type secondary feeding device is arranged at an inclined position at the upper end of the high-temperature combustion fixed grate 10A, and a reciprocating movable grate is arranged below the end of the high-temperature combustion fixed grate 10A as a burnout grate 10B. The burnout grate 10B can also be provided with an inclined concave-convex tile-type fixed grate. A bottom slag discharge device 11 is connected below the end of the burnout grate 10B, and the slag discharge device 11 is connected to the combined ash discharge device 17. The high-temperature combustion fixed grate 10A or the burnout grate 10B is arranged under the cover of the post-combustion chamber 4 and the high-temperature wind and fire discharge port 5.
[0020] The upper end of the isolation device 2 is provided with a fire and wind port 12, so that the fire and wind generated in the front combustion chamber 3 can flow smoothly to the rear combustion chamber to gather high-temperature fire and wind of ≥850℃ and stay for 2-3 seconds until it is discharged from the high-temperature fire and wind outlet 5. A special fire and wind damper 13 is added above the fire and wind port 12 when the incinerator is ignited and put into production. The upper cover plate of the front combustion chamber 3 is arranged with a special ignition air duct and a wind valve device 14.
[0021] The front combustion chamber 3 is connected to the outside and a feeding device 15 is arranged. The feeding device 15 includes a feeding port and a curved feeding bin. A hydraulic cylinder device and a small flatbed pusher device are arranged at the bottom of the curved feeding bin.
[0022] The bottom of the outer shell of the incinerator assembly is provided with two or more rows of combined columns 12 of reinforced cement concrete structure, and the tops of all combined columns 12 are provided with inclined platform-type reinforced cement concrete structure bearing beams, and the upper parts of the bearing beams are connected to the bottom of the shell of the incinerator assembly. The bottoms of the high-temperature combustion fixed grate 10A and the burnout grate 10B are provided with multiple ash discharge devices. The upper end of the slag discharge device 11 is connected to the outside and a row of multiple ignition oxygen inlet pipes 18 are provided.
[0023] A high-temperature flue gas outlet is added at the end of the secondary flue gas combustion chamber 6 to connect to the waste heat boiler 21 to produce steam for utilization. A secondary air and fire damper is arranged above the high-temperature flue gas outlet.
[0024] The blower is arranged on the outside of the bottom of the waste heat boiler 21, and the blower is connected to the blast duct 22 and the air heater device at the end of the waste heat boiler 21. The air is heated to ≥250°C through the heater and sent to the bottom of each grate from the air outlet pipe for oxygen supply, and the induced draft fan is used to draw air to promote combustion.
[0025] Before the start of production and ignition, the furnace needs to be dried according to regulations. It will take about a month for the newly built incinerator shell to be completely dried before it can be put into operation. Before the formal ignition and production, for example, when incinerating domestic garbage, the garbage must be stored in a circulating pile for 5 to 7 days before it can be put into the furnace for incineration. In preparation before ignition and production, the burnout grate is loaded with about 500mm thick dry firewood connected to the end bed of the high-temperature combustion grate. The garbage warehouse crane is used to grab the piled and heated garbage, and the garbage for ignition is started. All the dry garbage on the garbage pile must be lifted and dried into the furnace until all the grate surfaces are filled with garbage and connected to dry firewood. Then open the special induced draft duct device for ignition and close the upper and lower electric wind gates. Start the induced draft fan and the blower. First, the blower and induced draft fan slowly supply induced air. Insert the combustion pipe of the fuel burner into the ignition oxygen supply device, and burn the dry firewood on the top of the slag bin. As the induced draft fan draws air, Under the action of the induced draft, all the dry firewood and raging fire at the end slowly burn back along the material surface on the furnace bed. At this time, the secondary feeding device retreats, and the fireworks spontaneously ignite into the isolation silo device. There is space reserved above the material layer at the bottom, and it smoothly enters the isolation silo device. This device is equipped with a vertical concave-convex tile-shaped fixed grate. Under the action of the induced draft fan, it is easy for the wind and fire to flow smoothly out of the front combustion chamber for combustion. The fireworks are reflected by the firepower below the isolation device, forcing the new materials to enter the furnace and drain the gas quickly, ignite quickly and promote combustion. The fireworks are gathered together into the special induced draft duct for ignition to the waste heat furnace, and the low-temperature flue gas after heat exchange in the waste heat boiler is introduced into the desulfurization and deacidification adsorption tower, cyclone separator, bag dust removal equipment, induced draft fan to the large chimney for harmless discharge.
[0026] During the ignition process, after the new material enters the furnace and operates normally, the upper and lower air gates are lifted and the ignition-specific induced air duct device is closed. At this time, the high-temperature wind and fire generated in the rear combustion chamber directly enter the waste heat boiler to produce steam for utilization. The black oil, water vapor, and heavy pollutant fireworks generated in the front combustion chamber are melted together with the turbulent wind and fire port and then collected for high-temperature combustion in the rear combustion chamber after the secondary oxygen supply. The furnace temperature under normal operation. Intelligent control stays at ≥850℃ for 2 to 3 seconds and the wind and fire turbulence waste heat boiler produces steam for utilization.
[0027] The above shows and describes the basic principle and main features of the utility model and the advantages of the utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that the utility model is not limited by the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principle of the utility model. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model, the utility model may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the utility model to be protected. The scope of protection claimed by the utility model is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A combined fixed grate incinerator, characterized in that: It includes an outer shell of an incinerator assembly, and two combustion chambers are arranged inside the outer shell of the incinerator assembly. An isolation device is arranged between the two combustion chambers from top to bottom, and the isolation device is a curved isolation wall device. After the isolation device is arranged, a front combustion chamber and a rear combustion chamber are realized. The space settings of the front and rear combustion chambers can meet the space required for the incineration function of incinerating various solid wastes and coal blocks. A high-temperature wind and fire exhaust outlet device is arranged at the upper cover plate at the end of the rear combustion chamber and is connected to the secondary smoke combustion chamber. The high-temperature wind and fire exhaust outlet is arranged at the upper cover plate at a distance of 1 to 6 meters in the end wall of the inner shell of the incinerator.
2. A combined fixed grate incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fixed grate device and an isolation bin device are arranged at the bottom of the front combustion chamber. The front end of the fixed grate device is arranged with an inclined dehumidification grate which is conducive to the automatic sliding of materials and is connected to an inclined combustion grate with automatic slow sliding. The end of the combustion grate is connected to an isolation bin device arranged below. A vertical concave-convex tile-shaped fixed grate is arranged at the other end of the isolation bin device, which is pre-buried in the wall at the end of the isolation device. The bottom of the isolation bin device is connected to the inclined automatic slow sliding high-temperature combustion fixed grate below. A hydraulic cylinder device or a small flat car type secondary feeding device is arranged at an inclined position on the upper end of the high-temperature combustion fixed grate, and a section of reciprocating movable grate is arranged below the end of the high-temperature combustion fixed grate as a burnout grate. The burnout grate can also be provided with an inclined concave-convex tile-type fixed grate, and a bottom slag discharge device is arranged below the end of the burnout grate. The upper end of the slag discharge device is connected to the outside and a row of multiple ignition and oxygen inlet special pipes are arranged. The high-temperature combustion fixed grate or the burnout grate is arranged under the cover of the after-combustion chamber and the high-temperature wind and fire discharge outlet.
3. The combined fixed grate incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fire and wind port is arranged at the upper end of the isolation device, so that the fire and wind generated in the front combustion chamber can flow smoothly to the rear combustion chamber to gather high-temperature fire and wind of ≥850℃ and stay for 2-3 seconds to be discharged from the high-temperature fire and wind outlet. A special fire and wind damper is added above the fire and wind port when the incinerator is ignited and put into production, and a special ignition air duct and air valve device are arranged on the upper cover plate of the front combustion chamber.
4. The combined fixed grate incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front combustion chamber is connected to the outside and a feeding device is arranged. The feeding device includes a feeding port and a curved feeding bin below. A hydraulic cylinder device and a small flatbed pusher device are arranged at the bottom of the curved feeding bin.
5. The combined fixed grate incinerator according to claim 2, characterized in that: Two or more rows of combined columns of reinforced cement concrete structure are arranged at the bottom of the outer shell of the incinerator assembly, and inclined platform-type load-bearing beams of reinforced cement concrete structure are established on the top of all the combined columns. The tops of the load-bearing beams are connected to the bottom of the incinerator assembly shell, and multiple combined ash discharge devices are arranged at the bottom of the high-temperature combustion fixed grate and the burnout grate.
6. The combined fixed grate incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: A high-temperature flue gas outlet is provided at the end of the secondary flue gas combustion chamber to connect to the waste heat boiler for steam production, and a secondary air and fire damper is provided above the high-temperature flue gas outlet.
7. The combined fixed grate incinerator according to claim 6, characterized in that: A blower is arranged on the outer side of the bottom of the waste heat boiler, and the blower is connected to the blast duct and the air heater device at the end of the waste heat boiler. The air is heated to ≥250°C through the heater and sent to the bottom of each section of the grate from the air outlet pipe for oxygen supply, and the induced draft fan's induced air function promotes combustion.