High-speed quantum random number generator

Abstract

The utility model discloses a high-speed quantum random number generator, which comprises a laser light source, a Fresnel polygon prism, an unequal-arm interferometer, a detection module, a sampling module and a processing module, the number of the unequal-arm interferometers, the number of the detection modules and the number of the sampling modules are the same. The output end of each unequal-arm interferometer is connected with one detection module and one sampling module in series. A laser pulse output by the laser light source reaches the unequal-arm interferometer through the Fresnel polygon prism. The utility model discloses a high-speed quantum random number generator, which generates interference through a multi-path unequal-arm interferometer, greatly improves the generation rate of random numbers, and is not limited by the performance of electronic devices. And the Fresnel polygon prism is adopted to strictly equally divide the light path, so that the number of interference pulses generated by each unequal-arm interferometer is equal, the number of interference pulses generated by each unequal-arm interferometer is accurately controlled, and the generation rate of the quantum random number can be accurately controlled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of quantum security communication equipment, in particular to a high-speed quantum random number generator. Background Art

[0002] Pseudo-random numbers are random numbers from a uniform distribution between [0,1] calculated using complex mathematical algorithms. They are not truly random. When calculating pseudo-random numbers, if the seed used does not change, the sequence of pseudo-random numbers will not change. Therefore, as long as the algorithm and seed for generating random numbers are obtained, the result of pseudo-random number generation can be predicted.

[0003] Different from pseudo-random numbers, true random numbers are more unpredictable and are derived from true random phenomena in nature. There are many ways to generate true random numbers. Among them, quantum random number generators generate quantum random numbers by detecting the results of quantum physical processes. Due to the intrinsic randomness of quantum mechanics in quantum physical processes, the random numbers generated by quantum random number generators are generally considered to have Poisson distribution true randomness, which cannot be predicted and is an ideal random number.

[0004] Currently, quantum random number generators use lasers as quantum random signal sources, while sampling and quantization often use electronic devices; among them, the sampling rate of the analog-to-digital converter is limited, and as the sampling rate of the analog-to-digital converter increases, its resolution index also decreases, thus greatly limiting the random number generation rate.

[0005] In addition, due to the imperfection of the device in practice, the beam splitter cannot achieve a perfect 50:50 split, resulting in the scheme of using a beam splitter to achieve multi-path parallel generation of quantum random numbers being unable to accurately control the rate at which quantum random numbers are generated.

[0006] Therefore, the rate at which the existing quantum random number generator generates random numbers is not high enough, and it is necessary to improve the existing technology and propose a multi-channel synchronous output laser light source system with better accuracy to ensure system security. Utility Model Content

[0007] In order to solve the problem that the speed of generating random numbers by the existing quantum random number generator is not high enough, the utility model proposes a high-speed quantum random number generator.

[0008] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is as follows:

[0009] A high-speed quantum random number generator comprises a laser light source, a Fresnel multi-prism, an unequal-arm interferometer, a detection module, a sampling module and a processing module;

[0010] There are multiple unequal-arm interferometers, detection modules and sampling modules, and the number of the unequal-arm interferometers is the same. The output end of each unequal-arm interferometer is connected in series with a detection module and a sampling module respectively.

[0011] The laser light source is used to output laser pulses;

[0012] The Fresnel polygonal prism is used to divide the passing laser pulse into two equal beams;

[0013] The laser pulse output by the laser light source passes through the Fresnel polygon mirror and reaches the unequal-arm interferometer;

[0014] The unequal-arm interferometer is used to realize interference of laser pulses and output interference results;

[0015] The detection module is used to detect the interference result output by the unequal-arm interferometer and convert the optical signal into an electrical signal for output;

[0016] The sampling module is used to sample the electrical signal output by the detection module to obtain a digital signal;

[0017] The processing module is used to process the digital signal output by the sampling module to obtain a random number.

[0018] In the above scheme, interference is generated by multiple unequal-arm interferometers, which greatly improves the random number generation rate and ensures that the quantum random number generation rate is not limited by the performance of electronic devices. In addition, a Fresnel multi-prism is used to strictly divide the optical path into equal parts, so that the number of interference pulses generated by each unequal-arm interferometer is equal, thereby accurately controlling the number of interference pulses generated by each unequal-arm interferometer, thereby accurately controlling the rate at which quantum random numbers are generated.

[0019] Preferably, there are four unequal-arm interferometers, four detection modules and four sampling modules respectively;

[0020] The input end of each unequal-arm interferometer is respectively connected to the output end of a Fresnel polygon mirror, and the output end of each unequal-arm interferometer is respectively connected in series with a detection module and a sampling module.

[0021] Preferably, there are three Fresnel prisms;

[0022] The input end of one of the Fresnel polygonal prisms is connected to the output end of the laser light source, and its different output ends are respectively connected to the input ends of the other two Fresnel polygonal prisms; the different output ends of the other two Fresnel polygonal prisms are respectively connected to the input ends of different unequal-arm interferometers.

[0023] Preferably, an attenuator is also included to attenuate the laser pulses output by the laser light source.

[0024] Preferably, the laser light source is a continuous laser.

[0025] Preferably, the laser light source is a laser diode.

[0026] Preferably, the detection module is a photoelectric detector.

[0027] Preferably, the sampling module is an analog-to-digital conversion module.

[0028] Preferably, the processing module is FPGA.

[0029] Beneficial technical effects of the utility model:

[0030] The utility model provides a high-speed quantum random number generator, which generates interference through multi-channel unequal-arm interferometers, greatly improves the generation rate of random numbers, and realizes that the generation rate of quantum random numbers is not limited by the performance of electronic devices; and adopts a Fresnel multi-prism to strictly divide the optical path into equal parts, so that the number of interference pulses generated by each unequal-arm interferometer is equal, and the number of interference pulses generated by each unequal-arm interferometer is accurately controlled, so that the generation rate of quantum random numbers can be accurately controlled. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is the overall structural diagram of the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the utility model more clearly understood, the utility model is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments, but the scope of protection claimed in the utility model is not limited to the following specific embodiments.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, a high-speed quantum random number generator includes a laser light source, a Fresnel multi-prism, an unequal-arm interferometer, a detection module, a sampling module and a processing module;

[0035] There are multiple unequal-arm interferometers, detection modules and sampling modules, and the number of the unequal-arm interferometers is the same. The output end of each unequal-arm interferometer is connected in series with a detection module and a sampling module respectively.

[0036] The laser light source is used to output laser pulses;

[0037] The Fresnel polygonal prism is used to divide the passing laser pulse into two equal beams;

[0038] The laser pulse output by the laser light source passes through the Fresnel polygon mirror and reaches the unequal-arm interferometer;

[0039] The unequal-arm interferometer is used to realize the interference of laser pulses, convert the random fluctuation of the phase of the laser pulses into the random fluctuation of the light intensity, and output the interference result;

[0040] The detection module is used to detect the interference result output by the unequal-arm interferometer and convert the optical signal into an electrical signal for output;

[0041] The sampling module is used to sample the electrical signal in the form of noise output by the detection module to obtain a digital signal;

[0042] The processing module is used to process the digital signal output by the sampling module to obtain a random number, and is also used to control the laser light source.

[0043] In the specific implementation process, interference is generated by multiple unequal-arm interferometers, which greatly improves the random number generation rate and ensures that the quantum random number generation rate is not limited by the performance of electronic devices. In addition, a Fresnel polygon mirror is used to strictly divide the optical path into equal parts so that the number of interference pulses generated by each unequal-arm interferometer is equal, thereby accurately controlling the number of interference pulses generated by each unequal-arm interferometer, thereby accurately controlling the rate of quantum random number generation.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] More specifically, there are four unequal-arm interferometers, four detection modules, and four sampling modules;

[0046] The input end of each unequal-arm interferometer is respectively connected to the output end of a Fresnel polygon mirror, and the output end of each unequal-arm interferometer is respectively connected in series with a detection module and a sampling module.

[0047] More specifically, there are three Fresnel prisms, which are represented by Fresnel prism a, Fresnel prism b and Fresnel prism c respectively;

[0048] The input end of the Fresnel polygon prism a is connected to the output end of the laser light source, and different output ends of the Fresnel polygon prism a are respectively connected to the input end of the Fresnel polygon prism b and the input end of the Fresnel polygon prism c; different output ends of the Fresnel polygon prism b and different output ends of the Fresnel polygon prism c are respectively connected to the input ends of different unequal-arm interferometers.

[0049] More specifically, it also includes an attenuator for attenuating the laser pulse output by the laser light source.

[0050] In a specific implementation process, the laser light source and the attenuator can be controlled by FPGA, thereby making the rate of random number output of the entire system adjustable.

[0051] More specifically, the laser light source is a continuous laser.

[0052] More specifically, the laser light source is a laser diode.

[0053] In the specific implementation process, the photons emitted by the laser diode come from two mechanisms: stimulated radiation and spontaneous radiation. In the standard quantum optics model, the photons generated by stimulated radiation are usually considered to have a fixed phase, while the photons generated by spontaneous radiation have a random phase. Therefore, the total phase of the photons emitted by the laser diode always fluctuates over time and can be used as a random variable to generate quantum random numbers.

[0054] More specifically, the detection module is a photoelectric detector.

[0055] In the specific implementation process, a high-speed photodetector is used as a detection module.

[0056] More specifically, the sampling module is an analog-to-digital conversion module.

[0057] More specifically, the processing module is FPGA.

[0058] In the specific implementation process, the digital signals output by the analog-to-digital conversion module are transmitted to the FPGA for processing, so that the final output random numbers are more stable and meet the standards.

[0059] In the specific implementation process, the continuous laser outputs a laser pulse with a period of f1 according to the signal given by the FPGA, and the time interval between two consecutive laser pulses is The laser pulse output from the continuous laser reduces the optical power through the attenuator, and the attenuation value of the attenuator is adjusted and controlled by the FPGA. The light output from the attenuator passes through the Fresnel polygon prism a, so that the Fresnel polygon prism a outputs two equal lights.

[0060] Fresnel prisms can achieve a strict 50:50 split of the input light source.

[0061] Assume the expression of input light is as follows:

[0062] |Φ>=cosθ|H+sinθ|V>

[0063] Among them, |H> is the horizontal polarization state; |V> is the vertical polarization state; θ is the angle between |Φ> and the horizontal direction. After multiple refractions in the Fresnel prism, the linearly polarized light beam (i.e., photons in the horizontal polarization state or the vertical polarization state) is split into a left-handed light beam and a right-handed light beam. After passing through the Fresnel prism, the photon state is

[0064]

[0065] in, is the right-handed polarization state; It is a left-handed polarization state; as can be seen from the above formula, the probability of a photon collapsing into a right-handed polarization state or a left-handed polarization state is the same, so the Fresnel prism achieves a strict 50:50 division.

[0066] The four unequal-arm interferometers are represented by unequal-arm interferometer a, unequal-arm interferometer b, unequal-arm interferometer c and unequal-arm interferometer d respectively;

[0067] The four detection modules are represented by photodetector a, photodetector b, photodetector c and photodetector d respectively;

[0068] The four sampling modules are represented by analog-to-digital conversion module a, analog-to-digital conversion module b, analog-to-digital conversion module c and analog-to-digital conversion module d respectively;

[0069] The two paths of light output from Fresnel polygon prism a go to Fresnel polygon prism b, and the other path goes to Fresnel polygon prism c. The two paths of light output from Fresnel polygon prism b go to unequal arm interferometer a, and the other path goes to unequal arm interferometer b. The two paths of light output from Fresnel polygon prism c go to unequal arm interferometer c, and the other path goes to unequal arm interferometer d. Among them:

[0070] The arm length difference L of the unequal arm interferometer a a Satisfy: Make the Nth a The light pulse and the Nth a +i a The interference of light pulses, c is the speed of light, i a is a positive integer, i of each unequal-arm interferometer a The values ​​are not equal, N a is a positive integer and N a >1, n1` is the refractive index of the optical fiber. The optical signal from the unequal-arm interferometer a enters the photodetector a, and the photodetector a outputs an electrical signal in the form of noise. The analog-to-digital conversion module a samples the electrical signal output by the photodetector a, thereby outputting a digital signal, i.e., the original random number. The FPGA processes the digital signal transmitted from the analog-to-digital conversion module a to obtain the first random number.

[0071] The arm length difference L of the unequal-arm interferometer b b Satisfy: Make the Nth b The light pulse and the Nth b +i b The interference of light pulses, c is the speed of light, i b is a positive integer, i of each unequal-arm interferometer b The values ​​are not equal, N b is a positive integer and N b >1, n1` is the refractive index of the optical fiber, N of the unequal-arm interferometer b band i b The value of is consistent with that in the unequal-arm interferometer a. The optical signal from the unequal-arm interferometer b enters the photodetector b, and the photodetector b outputs an electrical signal in the form of noise. The analog-to-digital conversion module b samples the electrical signal output by the photodetector b, thereby outputting a digital signal, i.e., the original random number. The FPGA processes the digital signal transmitted from the analog-to-digital conversion module b to obtain the second random number.

[0072] The arm length difference L of the unequal-arm interferometer c c Satisfy: Make the Nth c The light pulse and the Nth c +i c The interference of light pulses, c is the speed of light, i c is a positive integer, i of each unequal-arm interferometer c The values ​​are not equal, N c is a positive integer and N c >1, n1` is the refractive index of the optical fiber, N of the unequal-arm interferometer c c and i c The value of is consistent with that in the unequal-arm interferometer a. The optical signal from the unequal-arm interferometer c enters the photodetector c, and the photodetector c outputs an electrical signal in the form of noise. The analog-to-digital conversion module c samples the electrical signal output by the photodetector c, thereby outputting a digital signal, i.e., the original random number. The FPGA processes the digital signal transmitted from the analog-to-digital conversion module c to obtain the third random number.

[0073] The arm length difference L of the unequal arm interferometer d d Satisfy: Make the Nth d The light pulse and the Nth d +i d The interference of light pulses, c is the speed of light, i d is a positive integer, i of each unequal-arm interferometer d The values ​​are not equal, N d is a positive integer and N d >1, n1` is the refractive index of the optical fiber, N of the unequal-arm interferometer d d and i d The value of is consistent with that in the unequal-arm interferometer a. The optical signal from the unequal-arm interferometer d enters the photodetector d, and the photodetector d outputs an electrical signal in the form of noise. The analog-to-digital conversion module d samples the electrical signal output by the photodetector d, thereby outputting a digital signal, i.e., the original random number. The FPGA processes the digital signal transmitted from the analog-to-digital conversion module d to obtain the fourth random number.

[0074] Multiple interference pulses are generated by multiple unequal-arm interferometers, and then more quantum random numbers can be generated by sampling through multiple analog-to-digital converters, so that the generation of quantum random numbers is not limited by the performance of electronic devices, especially analog-to-digital converters.

[0075] According to the disclosure and teaching of the above specification, the technicians in the field of the utility model can also change and modify the above implementation. Therefore, the utility model is not limited to the specific implementation methods disclosed and described above, and some modifications and changes to the utility model should also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the utility model. In addition, although some specific terms are used in this specification, these terms are only for convenience and do not constitute any limitation to the utility model.

Claims

1. A high-speed quantum random number generator, characterized in that: It includes a laser light source, a Fresnel polygon mirror, an unequal-arm interferometer, a detection module, a sampling module and a processing module; There are multiple unequal-arm interferometers, detection modules and sampling modules, and the number of the unequal-arm interferometers is the same. The output end of each unequal-arm interferometer is connected in series with a detection module and a sampling module respectively. The laser light source is used to output laser pulses; The Fresnel polygonal prism is used to divide the passing laser pulse into two equal beams; The laser pulse output by the laser light source passes through the Fresnel polygon mirror and reaches the unequal-arm interferometer; The unequal-arm interferometer is used to realize interference of laser pulses and output interference results; The detection module is used to detect the interference result output by the unequal-arm interferometer and convert the optical signal into an electrical signal for output; The sampling module is used to sample the electrical signal output by the detection module to obtain a digital signal; The processing module is used to process the digital signal output by the sampling module to obtain a random number.

2. A high-speed quantum random number generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are four unequal-arm interferometers, four detection modules and four sampling modules respectively.

3. A high-speed quantum random number generator according to claim 2, characterized in that: There are three Fresnel prisms; The input end of one of the Fresnel polygonal prisms is connected to the output end of the laser light source, and its different output ends are respectively connected to the input ends of the other two Fresnel polygonal prisms; the different output ends of the other two Fresnel polygonal prisms are respectively connected to the input ends of different unequal-arm interferometers.

4. A high-speed quantum random number generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also comprises an attenuator, which is used for attenuating the laser pulse output by the laser light source.

5. A high-speed quantum random number generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser light source is a continuous laser.

6. A high-speed quantum random number generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser light source is a laser diode.

7. A high-speed quantum random number generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection module is a photoelectric detector.

8. A high-speed quantum random number generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sampling module is an analog-to-digital conversion module.

9. A high-speed quantum random number generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The processing module is FPGA.

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