Quantum random number generator based on simplified linear light sampling

Abstract

The utility model discloses a quantum random number generator based on simplified linear light sampling. The quantum random number generator comprises a signal light generation module, a sampling light generation module, a simplified linear light sampling module, a detection quantization module and a post-processing module, the simplified linear optical sampling module comprises a first coupler, a second coupler, a third coupler and a fourth coupler; the detection quantization module comprises a first detection quantization module and a second detection quantization module. The utility model discloses a quantum random number generator based on simplified linear light sampling, which can effectively overcome time sequence jitter through a simplified linear light sampling module, improve the sampling speed and accuracy and realize high-speed generation of random numbers. The system is simple in light path and easy to integrate, the quantum entropy source is adopted, the quantum uncertainty characteristic is met, the randomness of random number generation is guaranteed, and the high practical value is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of quantum random number generators, and in particular to a quantum random number generator based on simplified linear light sampling. Background Art

[0002] Quantum random numbers are random numbers generated using devices based on the principles of quantum physics. Unlike traditional pseudo-random number generators, they rely on random phenomena in quantum mechanisms, have unconditional security, and can provide higher randomness and security.

[0003] The demand for high-speed random number generation is increasing, but the existing quantum random number generators based on high-speed optoelectronic analog-to-digital conversion and high-precision electrical domain sampling are limited by the timing jitter of electronic devices, resulting in an "electronic bottleneck", making it difficult to achieve high-speed random number generation and high cost.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to improve the existing technology and propose a quantum random number generator that can generate random numbers at high speed. Utility Model Content

[0005] In order to solve the problem that the high-speed generation of random numbers is difficult due to the "electronic bottleneck" caused by the timing jitter of electronic devices, the utility model proposes a quantum random number generator based on simplified linear light sampling.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is as follows:

[0007] A quantum random number generator based on simplified linear light sampling, comprising a signal light generating module, a sampling light generating module, a simplified linear light sampling module, a detection quantization module and a post-processing module;

[0008] The simplified linear light sampling module includes a first coupler, a second coupler, a third coupler and a fourth coupler;

[0009] The detection quantization module includes a first detection quantization module and a second detection quantization module;

[0010] The output end of the signal light generating module and the output end of the sampling light generating module are respectively connected to different input ends of the first coupler, and different output ends of the first coupler are respectively connected to the input end of the second coupler, the input end of the third coupler, and an input end of the first detection and quantization module, an output end of the second coupler and an output end of the third coupler are respectively connected to different input ends of the fourth coupler, an output end of the fourth coupler is connected to another input end of the first detection and quantization module, another output end of the second coupler is connected to an input end of the second detection and quantization module, another output end of the third coupler is connected to another input end of the second detection and quantization module, and the output end of the first detection and quantization module and the output end of the second detection and quantization module are respectively connected to different input ends of the post-processing module.

[0011] In the above scheme, by simplifying the linear light sampling module, the timing jitter can be effectively overcome, the sampling speed and accuracy can be improved, and high-speed random number generation can be achieved; moreover, the system optical path is simple and easy to integrate, and the use of quantum entropy source conforms to the characteristics of quantum uncertainty, thus ensuring the randomness of the generated random numbers and having high practical value.

[0012] Preferably, the signal light generating module comprises a superluminescent diode, a bandpass filter, a polarization controller and an optical isolator;

[0013] The output end of the superluminescent diode is connected to the input end of the bandpass filter, the output end of the bandpass filter is connected to the input end of the polarization controller, the output end of the polarization controller is connected to the input end of the optical isolator, and the output end of the optical isolator is connected to an input end of the first coupler.

[0014] Preferably, the sampling light generating module comprises a mode-locked laser and an erbium-doped fiber amplifier;

[0015] The output end of the mode-locked laser is connected to the input end of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier, and the output end of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier is connected to the other input end of the first coupler.

[0016] Preferably, the first detection and quantization module includes a first balanced detector and a first analog-to-digital converter;

[0017] An input end of the first balanced detector is connected to an output end of the first coupler, another input end of the first balanced detector is connected to the output end of the fourth coupler, the output end of the first balanced detector is connected to the input end of the first analog-to-digital converter, and the output end of the first analog-to-digital converter is connected to an input end of the post-processing module.

[0018] Preferably, the second detection and quantization module includes a second balanced detector and a second analog-to-digital converter;

[0019] One input end of the second balanced detector is connected to the other output end of the second coupler, the other input end of the second balanced detector is connected to the other output end of the third coupler, the output end of the second balanced detector is connected to the input end of the second analog-to-digital converter, and the output end of the second analog-to-digital converter is connected to the other input end of the post-processing module.

[0020] Preferably, the sampling light generation module further includes a wavelength division multiplexer, and the detection quantization module further includes a photodetector;

[0021] The output end of the mode-locked laser is connected to the input end of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier and the input end of the photodetector respectively through a wavelength division multiplexer;

[0022] The photodetector is used to output a clock electrical signal to the first analog-to-digital converter and the second analog-to-digital converter.

[0023] Preferably, the post-processing module is an FPGA processing module.

[0024] Preferably, the first coupler, the second coupler, the third coupler and the fourth coupler are all optical fiber couplers.

[0025] Preferably, the first coupler is a 3×3 fiber coupler.

[0026] Preferably, the second coupler and the third coupler are both 50:50 fiber optic couplers.

[0027] Beneficial technical effects of the utility model:

[0028] The utility model provides a quantum random number generator based on simplified linear light sampling. The simplified linear light sampling module can effectively overcome timing jitter, improve the sampling speed and accuracy, and achieve high-speed random number generation. Moreover, the system optical path is simple and easy to integrate. The use of a quantum entropy source conforms to the characteristics of quantum uncertainty, ensures the randomness of the generated random numbers, and has high practical value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of module connection of the utility model;

[0030] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the utility model;

[0031] Figure 3 A flow chart for generating quantum random numbers in the utility model;

[0032] Among them: 1. signal light generating module; 11. superluminescent diode; 12. bandpass filter; 13. polarization controller; 14. optical isolator; 2. sampling light generating module; 21. mode-locked laser; 22. erbium-doped fiber amplifier; 23. wavelength division multiplexer; 3. simplified linear light sampling module; 31. first coupler; 32. second coupler; 33. third coupler; 34. fourth coupler; 4. detection quantization module; 41. first detection quantization module; 411. first balanced detector; 412. first analog-to-digital converter; 42. second detection quantization module; 421. second balanced detector; 422. second analog-to-digital converter; 43. photodetector; 5. post-processing module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the utility model more clearly understood, the utility model is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments, but the scope of protection claimed in the utility model is not limited to the following specific embodiments.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] like Figure 1-2 As shown, a quantum random number generator based on simplified linear light sampling includes a signal light generating module 1, a sampling light generating module 2, a simplified linear light sampling module 3, a detection quantization module 4 and a post-processing module 5;

[0036] The simplified linear light sampling module 3 includes a first coupler 31, a second coupler 32, a third coupler 33 and a fourth coupler 34;

[0037] The detection quantization module 4 includes a first detection quantization module 414 and a second detection quantization module 424;

[0038] The output end of the signal light generating module 1 and the output end of the sampling light generating module 2 are respectively connected to different input ends of the first coupler 31, and different output ends of the first coupler 31 are respectively connected to the input end of the second coupler 32, the input end of the third coupler 33, and an input end of the first detection quantization module 414, an output end of the second coupler 32 and an output end of the third coupler 33 are respectively connected to different input ends of the fourth coupler 34, an output end of the fourth coupler 34 is connected to another input end of the first detection quantization module 414, another output end of the second coupler 32 is connected to an input end of the second detection quantization module 424, another output end of the third coupler 33 is connected to another input end of the second detection quantization module 424, and the output end of the first detection quantization module 414 and the output end of the second detection quantization module 424 are respectively connected to different input ends of the post-processing module 5.

[0039] In the above scheme, by simplifying the linear light sampling module 3, the timing jitter can be effectively overcome, the sampling speed and accuracy can be improved, and high-speed random number generation can be achieved; moreover, the system optical path is simple and easy to integrate, and the use of a quantum entropy source conforms to the characteristics of quantum uncertainty, thus ensuring the randomness of the generated random numbers and having a high practical value.

[0040] More specifically, the signal light generating module 1 includes a superluminescent diode 11, a bandpass filter 12, a polarization controller 13 and an optical isolator 14;

[0041] The output end of the superluminescent diode 11 is connected to the input end of the bandpass filter 12, the output end of the bandpass filter 12 is connected to the input end of the polarization controller 13, the output end of the polarization controller 13 is connected to the input end of the optical isolator 14, and the output end of the optical isolator 14 is connected to an input end of the first coupler 31.

[0042] In the specific implementation process, the superluminescent diode 11 generates an amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise signal, which is filtered by the bandpass filter 12, enters the polarization controller 13 for polarization control, and then is output as signal light through the optical isolator 14. The amplified spontaneous emission characteristic is significant, and the output of the amplified spontaneous emission signal source can be directly measured as a random signal, and the spontaneous emission belongs to the quantum entropy source, which conforms to the characteristics of quantum uncertainty.

[0043] The light emitted by the superluminescent diode 11 has a relatively wide spectral bandwidth, which can reach tens of nanometers, and has low coherence. The output light field E So It is expressed as:

[0044]

[0045] Among them, n sp is the spontaneous radiation coefficient, h is Planck's constant, v is the light frequency, A is the cross-sectional area of ​​light wave propagation, ∈ o is the electrical constant in free space, c is the speed of light, n is the refractive index of the medium, Γ is the constraint factor, g m is the mode gain, α m is the mode loss, L is the forward and backward optical field length;

[0046] After filtering by the bandpass filter 12, the output is expressed as:

[0047]

[0048] Among them, f c is the central wavelength of the Gaussian bandpass filter 1212, and σ is the standard deviation of the Gaussian filter.

[0049] More specifically, the sampling light generating module 2 includes a mode-locked laser 21 and an erbium-doped fiber amplifier 22;

[0050] The output end of the mode-locked laser 21 is connected to the input end of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier 22 , and the output end of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier 22 is connected to the other input end of the first coupler 31 .

[0051] In the specific implementation process, the output of the mode-locked laser 21 appears in the form of very short pulses with a pulse width in the order of femtoseconds (10-15 seconds) or picoseconds (10-12 seconds); the erbium-doped fiber amplifier 22 amplifies the signal output by the mode-locked laser 21, so that the system achieves the best sampling effect.

[0052] More specifically, the first detection and quantization module 414 includes a first balanced detector 411 and a first analog-to-digital converter 412;

[0053] An input end of the first balanced detector 411 is connected to an output end of the first coupler 31, another input end of the first balanced detector 411 is connected to the output end of the fourth coupler 34, the output end of the first balanced detector 411 is connected to the input end of the first analog-to-digital converter 412, and the output end of the first analog-to-digital converter 412 is connected to an input end of the post-processing module 5.

[0054] More specifically, the second detection and quantization module 424 includes a second balanced detector 421 and a second analog-to-digital converter 422;

[0055] One input end of the second balanced detector 421 is connected to the other output end of the second coupler 32, the other input end of the second balanced detector 421 is connected to the other output end of the third coupler 33, the output end of the second balanced detector 421 is connected to the input end of the second analog-to-digital converter 422, and the output end of the second analog-to-digital converter 422 is connected to the other input end of the post-processing module 5.

[0056] More specifically, the sampling light generation module 2 further includes a wavelength division multiplexer 23, and the detection quantization module 4 further includes a photodetector 43;

[0057] The output end of the mode-locked laser 21 is connected to the input end of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier 22 and the input end of the photodetector 43 respectively through the wavelength division multiplexer 23;

[0058] The photodetector 43 is used to output a clock electrical signal to the first analog-to-digital converter 412 and the second analog-to-digital converter 422 .

[0059] In the specific implementation process, the ultrashort optical pulses generated by the mode-locked laser 21 are split by the wavelength division multiplexer 23, one of which is used as a clock electrical signal and is detected by the photodetector 43 to provide a clock electrical signal for the first analog-to-digital converter 412 and the second analog-to-digital converter 422.

[0060] More specifically, the post-processing module 5 is an FPGA processing module.

[0061] In the specific implementation process, the FPGA processing module retains the least significant bit number, which retains the last few bits of each analog-to-digital converter output, so as to reduce the output data noise and improve the quality of the output random number.

[0062] More specifically, the first coupler 31 , the second coupler 32 , the third coupler 33 and the fourth coupler 34 are all optical fiber couplers.

[0063] More specifically, the first coupler 31 is a 3×3 fiber coupler.

[0064] In a specific implementation, the middle input end of the 3×3 coupler is left vacant.

[0065] The output of the 3×3 fiber coupler is as follows:

[0066]

[0067] Among them, I1, I2, and I3 represent the outputs of the three output terminals of the 3×3 coupler, respectively. S Indicates the intensity of the signal light, E L represents the intensity of the sampled light, Represents the phase difference between the signal light and the sampling light.

[0068] More specifically, the second coupler 32 and the third coupler 33 are both 50:50 fiber couplers.

[0069] In the specific implementation process, the first output I1 and the third output I3 of the 3×3 optical fiber coupler are respectively passed through a 50:50 optical fiber coupler; then, a signal of I3 split by the third coupler 33 and a signal of I1 split by the second coupler 32 are combined, and the combined signal is coupled by the fourth coupler 34 and enters the first balanced detector 411 together with I2 for detection; another signal of I3 split by the third coupler 33 and another signal of I1 split by the second coupler 32 are jointly input into the second balanced detector 421 for detection;

[0070] The output of the first balanced detector 411 is expressed as:

[0071]

[0072] The output of the second balanced detector 421 is expressed as:

[0073]

[0074] The first balanced detector 411 and the second balanced detector 421 convert the optical signal into an electrical signal. The output electrical signal is quantized by the first analog-to-digital converter 412 and the second analog-to-digital converter 422 respectively, and is post-processed by the FPGA processing module to obtain the final random number.

[0075] Among them, balanced detectors are widely used in the field of optical measurement and sensing. Their advantages include high linear response and great advantages in resisting light intensity fluctuations and light polarization changes, making them an ideal choice for applications with high requirements for measurement accuracy and stability.

[0076] The analog-to-digital converter is a low-speed analog-to-digital converter that only quantizes the electrical signal output by the balanced detector without the need for sampling operations, which can effectively reduce the adverse effects of timing jitter of the electronic analog-to-digital converter during the sampling process on high-speed acquisition of random numbers.

[0077] Example 2

[0078] like Figure 3 As shown, the process of generating quantum random numbers by a quantum random number generator based on simplified linear light sampling is as follows:

[0079] S1: Generates signal light and sampling light;

[0080] S2: After coupling the sampling light and the signal light, three optical signals are output, namely, optical signal I1, optical signal I2 and optical signal I3;

[0081] S3: Split the optical signal I1 to obtain the optical signal I 11 and light signal I 12 , split the optical signal I3 to obtain the optical signal I 31 and light signal I 32 ;

[0082] S4: The optical signal I 11 and light signal I 31 After beam combining, it is detected and quantified together with the optical signal I2 to obtain a set of digital signals;

[0083] The optical signal I 12 and light signal I 32 Detection and quantification are performed together to obtain another set of digital signals;

[0084] S5: Generate a final random number according to each group of digital signals, specifically:

[0085] S51: Generate a random sequence according to the digital signal;

[0086] S52: Perform randomness test on random sequence;

[0087] If the randomness test is passed, the random sequence is output as the final random number;

[0088] If the randomness test fails, return to step S1.

[0089] According to the disclosure and teaching of the above specification, the technicians in the field of the utility model can also change and modify the above implementation. Therefore, the utility model is not limited to the specific implementation methods disclosed and described above, and some modifications and changes to the utility model should also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the utility model. In addition, although some specific terms are used in this specification, these terms are only for convenience and do not constitute any limitation to the utility model.

Claims

1. A quantum random number generator based on simplified linear light sampling, characterized in that: It includes a signal light generating module, a sampling light generating module, a simplified linear light sampling module, a detection quantization module and a post-processing module; The simplified linear light sampling module includes a first coupler, a second coupler, a third coupler and a fourth coupler; The detection quantization module includes a first detection quantization module and a second detection quantization module; The output end of the signal light generating module and the output end of the sampling light generating module are respectively connected to different input ends of the first coupler, and different output ends of the first coupler are respectively connected to the input end of the second coupler, the input end of the third coupler, and an input end of the first detection and quantization module, and an output end of the second coupler and an output end of the third coupler are respectively connected to different input ends of the fourth coupler, and the output end of the fourth coupler is connected to another input end of the first detection and quantization module, and the other output end of the second coupler is connected to an input end of the second detection and quantization module, and the other output end of the third coupler is connected to another input end of the second detection and quantization module, and the output end of the first detection and quantization module and the output end of the second detection and quantization module are respectively connected to different input ends of the post-processing module.

2. A quantum random number generator based on simplified linear light sampling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal light generating module includes a superluminescent diode, a bandpass filter, a polarization controller and an optical isolator; The output end of the superluminescent diode is connected to the input end of the bandpass filter, the output end of the bandpass filter is connected to the input end of the polarization controller, the output end of the polarization controller is connected to the input end of the optical isolator, and the output end of the optical isolator is connected to an input end of the first coupler.

3. A quantum random number generator based on simplified linear light sampling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sampling light generation module includes a mode-locked laser and an erbium-doped fiber amplifier; The output end of the mode-locked laser is connected to the input end of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier, and the output end of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier is connected to the other input end of the first coupler.

4. A quantum random number generator based on simplified linear light sampling according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first detection and quantization module includes a first balanced detector and a first analog-to-digital converter; An input end of the first balanced detector is connected to an output end of the first coupler, another input end of the first balanced detector is connected to the output end of the fourth coupler, the output end of the first balanced detector is connected to the input end of the first analog-to-digital converter, and the output end of the first analog-to-digital converter is connected to an input end of the post-processing module.

5. A quantum random number generator based on simplified linear light sampling according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second detection and quantization module includes a second balanced detector and a second analog-to-digital converter; One input end of the second balanced detector is connected to the other output end of the second coupler, the other input end of the second balanced detector is connected to the other output end of the third coupler, the output end of the second balanced detector is connected to the input end of the second analog-to-digital converter, and the output end of the second analog-to-digital converter is connected to the other input end of the post-processing module.

6. A quantum random number generator based on simplified linear light sampling according to claim 5, characterized in that: The sampling light generation module further includes a wavelength division multiplexer, and the detection quantization module further includes a photodetector; The output end of the mode-locked laser is connected to the input end of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier and the input end of the photodetector respectively through a wavelength division multiplexer; The photodetector is used to output a clock electrical signal to the first analog-to-digital converter and the second analog-to-digital converter.

7. The quantum random number generator based on simplified linear light sampling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The post-processing module is an FPGA processing module.

8. The quantum random number generator based on simplified linear light sampling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first coupler, the second coupler, the third coupler and the fourth coupler are all optical fiber couplers.

9. A quantum random number generator based on simplified linear light sampling according to claim 8, characterized in that: The first coupler is a 3×3 optical fiber coupler.

10. The quantum random number generator based on simplified linear light sampling according to claim 8, characterized in that: The second coupler and the third coupler are both 50:50 optical fiber couplers.

Images