Large capacitive load control circuit of solar controller
By designing precharge circuits and current limiting resistors in the solar controller, the short-circuit protection problem caused by sudden current changes during start-up of large capacitive loads is solved, and smooth load adaptation and protection is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421485335.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-26
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-02
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-06-26
AI Technical Summary
When a traditional solar controller starts up a large capacitive load, a large current is generated due to the capacitive characteristics, which may trigger the short-circuit protection mode, causing the load to fail to work normally.
A large capacitive load control circuit for solar controllers including protection unit and precharge unit is designed. Through the precharge circuit and current limiting resistor, the time delay function and current limiting function are realized to avoid the impact of sudden current on the controller.
It effectively avoids the impact of sudden current on the solar controller, reduces the risk of triggering short circuit protection, and ensures that the load can adapt to the discharge current smoothly.
Smart Images
Figure CN222827009U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application relates to the field of load control circuits, and in particular to a large capacitive load control circuit of a solar controller. Background Art
[0002] The load end of the solar controller is directly output to the back-end DC load by the discharge control circuit, which is responsible for releasing the electric energy stored in the battery to the connected DC load, such as lighting, fans, monitoring equipment, etc.
[0003] In traditional load control circuits, the switch of the load is controlled by a MOS. When a capacitive load is started, a large current will be generated in the load circuit due to the capacitive characteristics. Generally, solar controllers have a discharge protection function. When the capacitive load is started, the current generated in the circuit may reach the controller short-circuit protection trigger value, causing the controller to enter the short-circuit protection mode, making the load unable to work normally. Utility Model Content
[0004] In order to reduce the impact of current mutation on the solar controller, the present application provides a solar controller large capacitive load control circuit.
[0005] The large capacitive load control circuit of a solar controller provided in this application adopts the following technical solution:
[0006] A solar controller large capacitive load control circuit comprises a protection unit and a pre-charging unit, wherein the protection unit and the pre-charging unit are connected in parallel and in series in a load circuit at the same time, and before the protection unit is connected to the load circuit, the pre-charging unit is first connected to the load circuit; the pre-charging unit comprises a current limiting resistor R1, and the current limiting resistor R1 is connected in series to the load circuit.
[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, the upgraded solar controller introduces a pre-charging circuit, which enables the circuit to have a time delay function, ensuring that the MOS controlled by the pre-charging circuit is turned on first before the load control MOS is turned on. In addition, a resistor is integrated in the circuit as a current limiter to limit the current intensity in the initial discharge stage. This design allows the back-end load to have enough time to smoothly adapt to the discharge current, thereby effectively avoiding the impact on the solar controller caused by the sudden change of current and reducing the risk of triggering short-circuit protection.
[0008] Optionally, the pre-charging unit also includes a pre-charging MOS tube A1, the drain of the pre-charging MOS tube A1 is electrically connected to one end of the current limiting resistor R1, the source of the pre-charging MOS tube A1 is electrically connected to the other end of the current limiting resistor R1, and the gate of the pre-charging MOS tube A1 is electrically connected to a first switching circuit, and the first switching circuit is used to control the on and off of the pre-charging MOS tube A1.
[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the pre-charging circuit realizes the conduction and disconnection of the load circuit by turning on and off the pre-charging MOS tube A1, and the pre-charging unit is connected to the load circuit before the protection unit by controlling the on and off of the pre-charging MOS tube A1.
[0010] Optionally, the first switching circuit includes a first transistor B1 and a second transistor B2, the base of the first transistor B1 receives a first control signal Ctrl1, the emitter of the first transistor B1 is grounded, the collector of the first transistor B1 is electrically connected to the base of the second transistor B2, the emitter of the second transistor B2 is electrically connected to a power supply VD, and the collector of the second transistor B2 is electrically connected to the gate of the pre-charge MOS tube A1.
[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the first transistor B1 and the second transistor B2 are combined to form a composite tube to realize the control of the on and off of the pre-charge MOS tube A1, which can enhance the driving ability of the first switching circuit, improve the stability of the control signal, and realize stable control of the pre-charge MOS tube A1.
[0012] Optionally, the protection unit includes a protection MOS tube A2, the drain of the protection MOS tube A2 is electrically connected to an end of the current limiting resistor R1 away from the pre-charge MOS tube A1, the source of the protection MOS tube A2 is electrically connected to the source of the pre-charge MOS tube A1, and the gate of the protection MOS tube A2 is electrically connected to a second switching circuit, and the second switching circuit is used to control the on and off of the protection MOS tube A2.
[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the protection circuit realizes the conduction and disconnection of the load circuit by turning on and off the protection MOS tube A2. When the current in the load circuit is too large, the protection MOS tube A2 disconnects the load circuit and enters the load protection mode, thereby achieving the purpose of protecting the load.
[0014] Optionally, the second switching circuit includes a third transistor B3, a base of the third transistor B3 receives a second control signal Ctrl2, an emitter of the third transistor B3 is electrically connected to a power supply VD, and a collector of the third transistor B3 is electrically connected to a drain of the pre-charge MOS tube A1.
[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the third transistor B3 is used as a switch to achieve accurate control of the protection MOS transistor A2. The transistor has a fast switching speed and a short response time, which enables the third transistor B3 to react quickly under the action of the second control signal when the load is short-circuited, so that the MOS transistor A2 can be quickly turned off to protect the load from large current shocks.
[0016] Optionally, the third transistor B3 is electrically connected to a fourth transistor B4, the base of the fourth transistor B4 is electrically connected to the collector of the third transistor B3, the emitter of the fourth transistor B4 is electrically connected to a resistor R2, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the collector of the third transistor B3, the collector of the fourth transistor B4 is electrically connected to a resistor R3, and the other end of the resistor R3 is connected to the collector of the third transistor B3.
[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the fourth transistor B4 can be set to discharge quickly, so as to quickly shut down the protection MOS tube A2, so as to ensure that the protection MOS tube A2 can be quickly shut down when the load is short-circuited, thereby protecting the load from large current shocks.
[0018] Optionally, a Zener diode D1 is electrically connected between the source and drain of the pre-charge MOS tube A1, the cathode of the Zener diode D1 is electrically connected to the drain of the pre-charge MOS tube A1, and the anode of the Zener diode D1 is electrically connected to the source of the pre-charge MOS tube A1; a Zener diode D2 is electrically connected between the source and drain of the protection MOS tube A2, the cathode of the Zener diode D2 is electrically connected to the gate of the protection MOS tube A2, and the anode of the Zener diode D2 is electrically connected to the source of the protection MOS tube A2.
[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the function of the voltage stabilizing diode is to discharge the high voltage through reverse breakdown. Since the resistance of the MOS tube is relatively large, the gate capacitance is easy to accumulate charge and is not easy to discharge. Therefore, if there is electrostatic induction, it is easy to cause the gate to generate high voltage and break down the MOS tube. The voltage stabilizing diode can reduce the possibility of the MOS tube being broken down.
[0020] Optionally, the collector of the third transistor B3 is electrically connected to a diode C1, the cathode of the diode C1 is electrically connected to an end of the resistor R2 away from the pre-charge MOS, and the anode of the diode C1 is electrically connected to the collector of the third transistor B3; the base of the second transistor B2 is electrically connected to a diode C2, the cathode of the diode C2 is electrically connected to the emitter of the first transistor B1, and the anode of the diode C2 is electrically connected to the base of the second transistor B2.
[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the arrangement of the diode C1 and the diode C2 can limit the flow direction of the current, thereby preventing backflow from occurring and damaging the transistor.
[0022] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
[0023] 1. The upgraded solar controller introduces a pre-charge circuit, which enables the circuit to have a time delay function, ensuring that the MOS controlled by the pre-charge circuit is turned on first before the load control MOS is turned on. In addition, a resistor is integrated in the circuit as a current limiter to limit the current intensity in the initial discharge stage. This design allows the back-end load to have enough time to smoothly adapt to the discharge current, thereby effectively avoiding the impact on the solar controller caused by current mutations and reducing the risk of triggering short-circuit protection;
[0024] 2. The first transistor B1 and the second transistor B2 are combined to form a composite transistor to control the on and off of the pre-charge MOS tube A1, which can enhance the driving capability of the first switching circuit, improve the stability of the control signal, and achieve stable control of the pre-charge MOS tube A1. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0025] Figure 1 It is a module schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present application.
[0026] Figure 2 It is a circuit diagram highlighting the protection circuit and the second switching circuit in an embodiment of the present application.
[0027] Figure 3 It is a circuit diagram highlighting a pre-charging circuit and a first switching circuit according to an embodiment of the present application.
[0028] Explanation of the reference numerals: 1. battery terminal; 2. load terminal; 3. protection circuit; 4. pre-charging circuit; 5. first switching circuit; 6. second switching circuit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0029] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of this application more clear, the following Figure 1-3 It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.
[0030] The present application embodiment discloses a solar controller large capacitive load control circuit. Figure 1A solar controller large capacitive load control circuit includes a battery terminal 1, a load terminal 2, a protection unit and a pre-charging unit. The protection unit and the pre-charging unit are connected in parallel and are electrically connected to the battery terminal 1 and the load terminal 2 at the same time. The protection unit and the pre-charging unit are connected in series in the load circuit through the battery terminal 1 and the load terminal 2. Before the protection unit is connected to the load circuit, the pre-charging unit is first connected to the load circuit. The pre-charging circuit 4 limits the charging current of the large capacitive load to a smaller range, so that the voltage of the large capacitive load rises slowly, thereby avoiding excessive current in the initial stage of charging the large capacitive load, protecting the components in the circuit, and improving the stability and reliability of the circuit.
[0031] Reference Figure 2 The protection unit includes a protection MOS tube A2, the drain of the protection MOS tube A2 is electrically connected to the battery terminal 1, the source of the protection MOS tube A2 is electrically connected to the load terminal 2, and the drain and source of the protection MOS tube A2 are both electrically connected to the pre-charging unit. The gate of the protection MOS tube A2 is electrically connected to a resistor R6, a voltage regulator diode D2, and a second switching circuit 6, one end of the resistor R6 is electrically connected to the gate of the protection MOS tube A2, and the other end is electrically connected to the source of the protection MOS tube A2. The cathode of the voltage regulator diode D2 is electrically connected to the gate of the protection MOS tube A2, and the anode of the voltage regulator diode D2 is electrically connected to the source of the protection MOS tube A2. The second switching circuit 6 is used to control the on and off of the protection MOS tube A2.
[0032] Reference Figure 2 The second switching circuit 6 includes a third PNP transistor B3, the base of which receives the second control signal Ctrl2, the emitter of which is electrically connected to the power supply VD, and a resistor R4 is connected in series between the emitter and the base of the third transistor B3. The collector of the third transistor B3 is electrically connected to a diode C1 and a fourth PNP transistor B4, the anode of the diode C1 is electrically connected to the third transistor B3, the cathode is electrically connected to a resistor R2, the other end of the resistor R2 is electrically connected to the emitter of the fourth transistor B4, the base of the fourth transistor B4 is electrically connected to the third transistor B3, and the base and collector of the fourth transistor B4 are connected in series with a resistor R3. The collector of the fourth transistor B4 is electrically connected to the anode of the voltage stabilizing diode D2, the emitter of the fourth transistor B4 is electrically connected to a resistor R5, and the other end of the resistor R5 is electrically connected to the gate of the protection MOS tube A2.
[0033] Reference Figure 3The pre-charging unit includes a current limiting resistor R1 and a pre-charging MOS tube A1. The current limiting resistor R1 is connected in series to the load circuit, and one end of the current limiting resistor R1 is electrically connected to the battery terminal 1 and the protection unit. The drain of the pre-charging MOS tube A1 is electrically connected to the end of the current limiting resistor R1 away from the battery terminal 1, and the source of the pre-charging MOS tube A1 is electrically connected to the protection unit. The gate of the pre-charging MOS tube A1 is electrically connected to a resistor R13, a voltage stabilizing diode D1 and a first switching circuit 5, and the first switching circuit 5 is used to control the on and off of the pre-charging MOS tube A1. The resistor R13 is connected in series between the gate and the source of the pre-charging MOS tube A1, the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode D1 is electrically connected to the gate of the pre-charging MOS tube A1, and the anode of the voltage stabilizing diode D1 is electrically connected to the source of the pre-charging MOS tube A1.
[0034] Reference Figure 3 The first switching circuit 5 includes a first transistor B1 and a second transistor B2, wherein the first transistor B1 is an NPN transistor, and the second transistor B2 is a PNP transistor. The base of the first transistor B1 is electrically connected to resistors R7 and R8, and the end of the resistor R7 away from the first transistor B1 receives the first control signal Ctrl1, and the end of the resistor R8 away from the first transistor B1 is grounded. The emitter of the first transistor B1 is electrically connected to a resistor R9, and the other end of the resistor R9 is grounded. The collector of the first transistor B1 is electrically connected to a resistor R10, and the other end of the resistor R10 is electrically connected to a diode C2, the cathode of the diode C2 is electrically connected to the resistor R10, and the anode is electrically connected to the base of the second transistor B2. The emitter of the second transistor B2 is electrically connected to a power supply VD, and a resistor R11 is connected in series between the base and the emitter of the second transistor B2. The collector of the second transistor B2 is electrically connected to a resistor R12, and the resistor R12 is electrically connected to the gate of the pre-charge MOS transistor A1.
[0035] The implementation principle of a large capacitive load control circuit of a solar controller in an embodiment of the present application is as follows: the upgraded solar controller introduces a pre-charging circuit 4, so that the circuit has a time delay function, ensuring that the MOS controlled by the pre-charging circuit 4 is turned on first before the load control MOS is turned on. In addition, a resistor is integrated in the circuit as a current limiter to limit the current intensity in the initial discharge stage. Such a design allows the rear-end load to have enough time to smoothly adapt to the discharge current, thereby effectively avoiding the impact on the solar controller caused by the sudden change of current and reducing the risk of triggering short-circuit protection.
[0036] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application. Any feature disclosed in this specification (including the abstract and drawings), unless otherwise stated, can be replaced by other equivalent or alternative features with similar purposes. That is, unless otherwise stated, each feature is only an example of a series of equivalent or similar features.
Claims
1. A solar controller large capacitive load control circuit, characterized in that: The invention comprises a protection unit and a pre-charging unit, wherein the protection unit and the pre-charging unit are connected in parallel and in series in a load circuit at the same time, and before the protection unit is connected to the load circuit, the pre-charging unit is first connected to the load circuit; the pre-charging unit comprises a current limiting resistor R1, and the current limiting resistor R1 is connected in series to the load circuit; the pre-charging unit also comprises a pre-charging MOS tube A1, the drain of the pre-charging MOS tube A1 is electrically connected to one end of the current limiting resistor R1, the source of the pre-charging MOS tube A1 is electrically connected to the other end of the current limiting resistor R1, and the gate of the pre-charging MOS tube A1 is electrically connected to the gate of the pre-charging MOS tube A1. A first switching circuit (5) is connected, and the first switching circuit (5) is used to control the on and off of the pre-charging MOS tube A1; the first switching circuit (5) comprises a first triode B1 and a second triode B2, the base of the first triode B1 receives a first control signal Ctrl1, the emitter of the first triode B1 is grounded, the collector of the first triode B1 is electrically connected to the base of the second triode B2, the emitter of the second triode B2 is electrically connected to a power supply VD, and the collector of the second triode B2 is electrically connected to the gate of the pre-charging MOS tube A1.
2. A solar controller large capacitive load control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protection unit comprises a protection MOS tube A2, the drain of the protection MOS tube A2 is electrically connected to an end of the current limiting resistor R1 away from the pre-charge MOS tube A1, the source of the protection MOS tube A2 is electrically connected to the source of the pre-charge MOS tube A1, and the gate of the protection MOS tube A2 is electrically connected to a second switching circuit (6), and the second switching circuit (6) is used to control the on and off of the protection MOS tube A2.
3. A solar controller large capacitive load control circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second switching circuit (6) comprises a third transistor B3, the base of which receives a second control signal Ctrl2, the emitter of which is electrically connected to a power source VD, and the collector of which is electrically connected to a drain of the pre-charge MOS transistor A1.
4. A solar controller large capacitive load control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third transistor B3 is electrically connected to the fourth transistor B4, the base of the fourth transistor B4 is electrically connected to the collector of the third transistor B3, the emitter of the fourth transistor B4 is electrically connected to the resistor R2, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the collector of the third transistor B3, the collector of the fourth transistor B4 is electrically connected to the resistor R3, and the other end of the resistor R3 is connected to the collector of the third transistor B3.
5. A solar controller large capacitive load control circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that: A voltage zener diode D1 is electrically connected between the source and drain of the pre-charging MOS tube A1, the cathode of the voltage zener diode D1 is electrically connected to the drain of the pre-charging MOS tube A1, and the anode of the voltage zener diode D1 is electrically connected to the source of the pre-charging MOS tube A1; a voltage zener diode D2 is electrically connected between the source and drain of the protection MOS tube A2, the cathode of the voltage zener diode D2 is electrically connected to the gate of the protection MOS tube A2, and the anode of the voltage zener diode D2 is electrically connected to the source of the protection MOS tube A2.
6. A solar controller large capacitive load control circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that: The collector of the third transistor B3 is electrically connected to a diode C1, the cathode of the diode C1 is electrically connected to an end of the resistor R2 away from the pre-charge MOS, and the anode of the diode C1 is electrically connected to the collector of the third transistor B3; the base of the second transistor B2 is electrically connected to a diode C2, the cathode of the diode C2 is electrically connected to the emitter of the first transistor B1, and the anode of the diode C2 is electrically connected to the base of the second transistor B2.