Gasification furnace

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of energy conservation and environmental protection, and discloses a gasification furnace which comprises a fire grate, a lower furnace body, a middle furnace body, an upper furnace body and a spiral feeding mechanism which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, an air inlet pipe and a first water path are arranged on the side wall of the middle furnace body; the lower furnace body is provided with an air outlet; a feeding port and a fuel gas outlet are formed in the top of the upper furnace body, the feeding port is connected with a feeding pipeline, the spiral feeding mechanism is arranged on the feeding pipeline, and a feeding hopper is arranged above the spiral feeding mechanism; a high level indicator is arranged on the side wall of the feeding pipeline, and a low level indicator is arranged on the side wall of the upper furnace body. The feeding device has the advantages that feeding is even, the automation degree is high, and the labor intensity of workers is reduced; and meanwhile, the depth of the material in the gasification furnace can be monitored, the amount of the added solid waste is accurately controlled when the gasification furnace performs gasification treatment, the treatment space in the gasification furnace is fully utilized, and the gasification treatment efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of energy conservation and environmental protection, in particular to a gasification furnace. Background Art

[0002] At present, my country's organic solid waste production is large and its composition is complex. Its traditional treatment technologies include landfill and incineration. Landfill cannot achieve waste reduction and resource utilization, and it is easy to cause secondary pollution and other problems. In small and medium-sized scales, incineration cannot achieve effective power generation and can only provide general heat energy utilization, and the system economy is poor.

[0003] However, organic solid components contain a large amount of volatile combustible components composed of C / H / O, etc. The combustible volatile components in solid waste can be efficiently extracted through a gasifier and converted into combustible gas (fuel gas), thereby achieving high added value utilization in downstream heating, power generation, synthetic chemicals, etc.

[0004] In the prior art, the gasifier is usually manually loaded, which is labor-intensive and uneven. In addition, as the depth of the solid waste in the gasifier changes with the progress of gasification, the depth of the solid waste in the gasifier cannot be detected. Workers can only add a certain amount of solid waste based on experience, which makes it impossible to fully utilize the processing space in the gasifier, resulting in low gasification efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a gasifier with uniform material feeding, high degree of automation and reduced labor intensity of workers; at the same time, the material depth in the gasifier can be monitored, and when the gasifier is performing gasification treatment, the amount of solid waste material added can be accurately controlled, so that the treatment space in the gasifier is fully utilized and the gasification treatment efficiency is improved.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides a gasification furnace, comprising a grate, a lower furnace body, a middle furnace body, an upper furnace body and a spiral feeding mechanism arranged in sequence from bottom to top; the lower furnace body, the middle furnace body and the upper furnace body are connected in sequence;

[0007] The grate is located below the lower furnace body, and a slag discharge port and an air supply port are provided at the bottom;

[0008] The side wall of the middle furnace body is provided with an air inlet pipe and a first water channel, one end of the air inlet pipe is located outside the middle furnace body and is provided with an air inlet hole, the other end of the air inlet pipe extends into the middle furnace body, and is coaxial with the middle furnace body and arranged toward the lower furnace body, the other end of the air inlet pipe is provided with an air outlet hole; the lower furnace body is provided with an air outlet;

[0009] A feed port and a gas outlet are provided on the top of the upper furnace body, the feed port is connected to a feed pipe, the spiral feeding mechanism is provided on the feed pipe, and a feed hopper is provided above the spiral feeding mechanism; a high material level meter is provided on the side wall of the feed pipe, and a low material level meter is provided on the side wall of the upper furnace body.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes a plurality of temperature sensors, and detection ends of the plurality of temperature sensors are respectively located in the lower furnace body, the middle furnace body and the upper furnace body.

[0011] Furthermore, the spiral feeding mechanism includes a driving motor and a stirring shaft. The end of the feeding pipe is provided with an end cover and a rotating bearing. The driving motor is fixedly arranged on the end cover, and the output shaft of the driving motor is rotatably connected to the end cover through the rotating bearing and extends into the feeding pipe. The output shaft of the driving motor is connected to the stirring shaft, the stirring shaft is located in the feeding pipe, and the stirring shaft is provided with spiral blades.

[0012] Furthermore, a furnace door is provided on the side wall of the upper furnace body, and the furnace door is located above the air inlet pipe.

[0013] Furthermore, an inner jacket is provided in the lower furnace body, and a temperature sensor is inserted into the side wall of the inner jacket.

[0014] Furthermore, a second water channel is provided on the side wall of the lower furnace body, and the second water channel includes a second inlet and a second outlet, the second inlet is arranged close to the grate, and the second outlet is arranged close to the middle furnace body.

[0015] Furthermore, the inner wall of the upper furnace body is provided with a special-shaped brick layer and a heat-insulating layer in sequence from the inside to the outside.

[0016] Furthermore, the side wall of the middle furnace body is provided with an annular air inlet communicating with the interior of the middle furnace body.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the gasifier of the utility model embodiment has the following beneficial effects: a spiral feeding mechanism is provided, through which the gasifier is evenly fed, and the spiral feeding mechanism can be connected with external feeding equipment to realize automatic feeding, thereby reducing the labor intensity of workers; at the same time, a high material level meter is provided on the side wall of the feeding pipe, and a low material level meter is provided on the side wall of the upper furnace body, and the depth of solid waste materials in the gasifier is controlled by the high material level meter and the low material level meter, and the solid waste materials are gasified in the gasifier; when the materials in the gasifier are lower than the material level meter, solid waste materials are added through the spiral feeding mechanism until the materials in the gasifier are added to the high material level meter, and then the addition of materials is stopped, so the amount of solid waste materials added can be accurately controlled, the processing space in the gasifier is fully utilized, and the gasification treatment efficiency is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a gasifier according to an embodiment of the utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the spiral feeding mechanism of the gasifier in the embodiment of the utility model.

[0020] In the figure, 1, grate; 100, slag discharge port; 101, air supply port; 2, lower furnace body; 3, middle furnace body; 31, annular air inlet; 4, upper furnace body; 41, special-shaped brick layer; 42, insulation layer; 5, spiral feeding mechanism; 51, driving motor; 52, stirring shaft; 53, spiral blade; 6, air inlet pipe; 61, air inlet hole; 62, air outlet hole; 7, first water circuit; 71, first inlet; 72, first outlet; 8, exhaust port; 9, feed port; 10, gas outlet; 11, feed pipe; 111, end cover; 112, rotating bearing; 12, high material level meter; 13, low material level meter; 14, temperature sensor; 15, furnace door; 16, inner jacket; 17, second water circuit, 171, second inlet; 172, second outlet; 18, feed hopper. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following is a further detailed description of the specific implementation of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0022] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "inside", "outside", etc. used in the present invention to indicate the orientation or positional relationship are based on the positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred devices and elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0023] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first", "second", etc. are used in the present invention to describe various information, but these information should not be limited to these terms, and these terms are only used to distinguish the same type of information from each other. For example, without departing from the scope of the present invention, "first" information may also be referred to as "second" information, and similarly, "second" information may also be referred to as "first" information.

[0024] like Figure 1As shown, a gasifier of a preferred embodiment of the utility model comprises a grate 1, a lower furnace body 2, a middle furnace body 3, an upper furnace body 4 and a spiral feeding mechanism 5 arranged in sequence from bottom to top; wherein the lower furnace body 2, the middle furnace body 3 and the upper furnace body 4 are connected in sequence; specifically, the grate 1 is located below the lower furnace body 2, and a slag discharge port 100 and an air supply port 101 are provided at the bottom, the slag discharge port 100 is used to discharge the residue in the gasifier after the gasification treatment of the solid waste material is completed, and the air supply port 101 is used to supply air to the grate 1, so as to accelerate the gas circulation in the gasifier and improve the gasification efficiency. In order to supply air and water to the gasification reaction of the gasifier, as Figure 1 As shown, an air inlet pipe 6 and a first water channel 7 are provided on the side wall of the middle furnace body 3, and the first water channel 7 includes a first inlet 71 and a first outlet 72; wherein, one end of the air inlet pipe 6 is located outside the middle furnace body 3 and is provided with an air inlet hole 61, and the other end of the air inlet pipe 6 extends into the middle furnace body 3, and is coaxial with the middle furnace body 3 and is arranged toward the lower furnace body 2, and the other end of the air inlet pipe 6 is provided with an air outlet hole 62; in order to form an air path circulation in the gasifier, an exhaust port 8 is provided in the lower furnace body 2, and at the same time, an annular air inlet 31 connected to the inside of the middle furnace body 3 is provided on the side wall of the middle furnace body 3, and air is supplied from the air supply port 101, the air inlet pipe 6 and the annular air inlet 31, and air is exhausted from the exhaust port 8, which is beneficial to the rapid gasification of solid waste materials in the gasifier.

[0025] Furthermore, in order to facilitate the addition of solid waste materials, a feed port 9 and a gas outlet 10 are provided on the top of the upper furnace body 4, wherein the feed port 9 is connected to a feed pipe 11, a spiral feeding mechanism 5 is provided on the feed pipe 11, and a feed hopper 18 is provided above the spiral feeding mechanism 5, that is, the solid waste materials are uniformly fed into the gasifier from the feed hopper through the spiral feeding mechanism 5. In order to facilitate the measurement of the depth of the solid waste materials in the gasifier, the amount of added material is adjusted according to the material depth in the gasifier, and the processing space in the gasifier is fully utilized, a high material level meter 12 is provided on the side wall of the feed pipe 11, and a low material level meter 13 is provided on the side wall of the upper furnace body 4; that is, when the material in the gasifier is lower than the material level meter, solid waste materials are added through the spiral feeding mechanism 5 until the material in the gasifier is added to the high material level meter 12, then the addition of materials is stopped, and the gas generated after gasification is discharged from the gas outlet 10, and is connected to an external gas purification device to obtain pure gas after removing impurities in the gas.

[0026] Furthermore, in order to keep the processing temperature of each furnace body in the gasifier uniform and improve the stability during the gasification process, the gasifier of the utility model further includes a plurality of temperature sensors 14, see Figure 1 , Figure 2 The detection ends of multiple temperature sensors 14 are respectively located in the lower furnace body 2, the middle furnace body 3 and the upper furnace body 4, and are used to monitor the temperature in the lower furnace body 2, the middle furnace body 3 and the upper furnace body 4, which can avoid the temperature in the gasification furnace being too low or too high, and improve the stability of the gasification treatment of solid waste materials.

[0027] Further, in some embodiments, in order to facilitate the design of the spiral feeding mechanism 5 and facilitate installation, in this embodiment, refer to Figure 2 The spiral feeding mechanism 5 includes a driving motor 51 and a stirring shaft 52. To facilitate fixing the driving motor 51, an end cover 111 and a rotating bearing 112 are provided at the end of the feeding pipe 11. Specifically, the driving motor 51 is fixedly arranged on the end cover 111, and the output shaft of the driving motor 51 is rotatably connected to the end cover 111 through the rotating bearing 112 and extends into the feeding pipe 11. The output shaft of the driving motor 51 is connected to the stirring shaft 52, and the stirring shaft 52 is located in the feeding pipe 11, and a spiral blade 53 is provided on the stirring shaft 52, that is, the solid waste enters the feeding pipe 11 through the feeding funnel, and is transported by the spiral blade 53 and enters the gasification furnace from the feeding port 9, so as to realize uniform feeding. In addition, the feeding efficiency can be adjusted by controlling the rotation speed of the driving motor 51. The spiral feeding mechanism 5 can be connected to an external feeding device to realize automatic feeding, with a high degree of automation, and reduce the labor intensity of workers.

[0028] Furthermore, after the gasification process is completed, in order to facilitate observation of the processing of the solid waste materials in the gasifier or to facilitate maintenance, a furnace door 15 is opened on the side wall of the upper furnace body 4, and the furnace door 15 is located above the air inlet pipe 6.

[0029] Furthermore, in order to prevent the lower furnace body 2 from being damaged due to local overheating, an inner jacket 16 is provided in the lower furnace body 2, and a temperature sensor 14 is inserted into the side wall of the inner jacket 16. Furthermore, in order to facilitate water supply to the gasifier, a second water channel 17 is provided on the side wall of the lower furnace body 2, and the second water channel 17 includes a second inlet 171 and a second outlet 172, the second inlet 171 is arranged close to the grate 1, and the second outlet 172 is arranged close to the middle furnace body 3.

[0030] Furthermore, in this embodiment, in order to improve the insulation effect of the upper furnace body 4 and reduce heat loss, a special-shaped brick layer 41 and an insulation layer 42 are sequentially provided on the inner wall of the upper furnace body 4 from the inside to the outside, wherein the insulation layer 42 is generally insulation cotton.

[0031] The working process of the utility model is as follows: solid waste materials are added into the gasifier through the spiral feeding mechanism until the material depth reaches the high material level meter 12, the addition of solid waste materials is stopped, and gasification treatment is started. As the gasification treatment proceeds, the generated fuel gas is discharged from the fuel outlet. When the depth of the solid waste materials drops to the low material level meter 13, the spiral feeding mechanism continues to add solid waste materials to the high material level meter 12, and this step is repeated until the gasification treatment of all solid waste materials is completed.

[0032] In summary, the embodiment of the utility model provides a gasifier, which is provided with a spiral feeding mechanism 5, and the spiral feeding mechanism 5 is used to uniformly feed the gasifier. The spiral feeding mechanism 5 can be connected with external feeding equipment to realize automatic feeding, thereby reducing the labor intensity of workers; at the same time, a high material level meter 12 is provided on the side wall of the feeding pipe 11, and a low material level meter 13 is provided on the side wall of the upper furnace body 4. The depth of solid waste material in the gasifier is controlled by the high material level meter 12 and the low material level meter 13, and the solid waste material is gasified in the gasifier. When the material in the gasifier is lower than the material level meter, solid waste material is added through the spiral feeding mechanism 5 until the material in the gasifier is added to the high material level meter 12, and then the addition of material is stopped. The amount of solid waste material added can be accurately controlled, the processing space in the gasifier is fully utilized, and the gasification treatment efficiency is improved.

[0033] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention. These improvements and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gasifier, characterized in that: It comprises a grate, a lower furnace body, a middle furnace body, an upper furnace body and a spiral feeding mechanism which are arranged in sequence from bottom to top; the lower furnace body, the middle furnace body and the upper furnace body are connected in sequence; The grate is located below the lower furnace body, and a slag discharge port and an air supply port are provided at the bottom; The side wall of the middle furnace body is provided with an air inlet pipe and a first water channel, one end of the air inlet pipe is located outside the middle furnace body and is provided with an air inlet hole, the other end of the air inlet pipe extends into the middle furnace body, and is coaxial with the middle furnace body and arranged toward the lower furnace body, the other end of the air inlet pipe is provided with an air outlet hole; the lower furnace body is provided with an air outlet; A feed port and a gas outlet are provided on the top of the upper furnace body, the feed port is connected to a feed pipe, the spiral feeding mechanism is provided on the feed pipe, and a feed hopper is provided above the spiral feeding mechanism; a high material level meter is provided on the side wall of the feed pipe, and a low material level meter is provided on the side wall of the upper furnace body.

2. The gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a plurality of temperature sensors, wherein detection ends of the plurality of temperature sensors are respectively located in the lower furnace body, the middle furnace body and the upper furnace body.

3. The gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spiral feeding mechanism includes a driving motor and a stirring shaft. An end cover and a rotating bearing are provided at the end of the feeding pipe. The driving motor is fixedly arranged on the end cover, and the output shaft of the driving motor is rotatably connected to the end cover through the rotating bearing and extends into the feeding pipe. The output shaft of the driving motor is connected to the stirring shaft, the stirring shaft is located in the feeding pipe, and the stirring shaft is provided with a spiral blade.

4. The gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: A furnace door is provided on the side wall of the upper furnace body, and the furnace door is located above the air inlet pipe.

5. The gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: An inner jacket is arranged in the lower furnace body, and a temperature sensor is inserted into the side wall of the inner jacket.

6. The gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second water channel is disposed on the side wall of the lower furnace body. The second water channel includes a second inlet and a second outlet. The second inlet is disposed close to the grate, and the second outlet is disposed close to the middle furnace body.

7. The gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the upper furnace body is provided with a special-shaped brick layer and a heat-insulating layer in sequence from the inside to the outside.

8. The gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side wall of the middle furnace body is provided with an annular air inlet communicated with the interior of the middle furnace body.

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