Physical simulation device for glacier and ice lake type debris flow

Abstract

The utility model discloses a physical simulation device for Sichuan ice lake type debris flow, which relates to the technical field of debris flow simulation experiments and comprises a test box, a glacier ice lake simulation mechanism, an outburst flood simulation mechanism and an alluvial fan simulation mechanism are arranged in the test box, and a temperature control component is arranged in the test box; the glacier and glacier lake simulation mechanism comprises a storage bin, the storage bin is provided with a dam opening, and a simulation dam body is arranged at the dam opening; the outburst flood simulation mechanism comprises a chute, one end of the chute in the length direction is connected with a dam opening of the storage bin, the other end of the chute obliquely extends downwards, and a pressure sensor is arranged on the bottom wall of the chute; the alluvial fan simulation mechanism comprises a simulation platform connected to the lower end of the chute; in a working state, the temperature in the test box is adjusted through the temperature control assembly, so that ice blocks in the storage bin are melted to act on the simulated dam body and rush out of the dam opening to move to the simulated platform along the chute; the whole simulation experiment can comprehensively and truly simulate the whole physical process of glacier and ice lake type debris flow from static state to dynamic state.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of debris flow simulation experiments, in particular to a glacier ice lake type debris flow physical simulation device. Background Art

[0002] Glacier-glacier lake debris flow is a special type of debris flow caused by the outburst of glacier-glacier lakes. With global warming, glacier melting is intensifying, and the number and size of glacier-glacier lakes are also increasing, increasing the risk of outburst. In order to effectively prevent and reduce the harm of this disaster, it is necessary to conduct detailed surveys and analyses of the geological conditions in the glacier-glacier lake debris flow area, select typical glacier-glacier lake debris flow representatives, and conduct physical simulation experiments based on the principle of similarity to simulate the development characteristics, disaster-causing patterns and hazard range of glacier-glacier lake debris flows under tectonic activities, so as to understand their formation mechanism, development laws and influencing factors.

[0003] However, current debris flow physical simulation test equipment usually only tests and displays the movement characteristics of debris flows, which leads to the fact that the existing glacial and glacial lake type debris flow physical simulation experimental equipment cannot fully and truly simulate the entire physical process of glacial and glacial lake type debris flows from static to dynamic. Utility Model Content

[0004] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the utility model is: how to improve the problem that the glacier-ice lake type debris flow physical simulation experimental device cannot fully and truly simulate the entire physical process of the glacier-ice lake type debris flow from static to dynamic.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the utility model to solve its technical problems is:

[0006] A glacier-ice-lake type debris flow physical simulation device comprises a test box, wherein a glacier-ice-lake simulation mechanism, a burst flood simulation mechanism and an alluvial fan simulation mechanism are arranged in the test box, and the test box is provided with a temperature control component;

[0007] The glacier and ice lake simulation mechanism comprises a storage bin, wherein the storage bin is provided with a dam opening, and a simulated dam body is provided at the dam opening;

[0008] The flood burst simulation mechanism comprises a chute, one end of which in the length direction is connected to the dam mouth of the storage bin, and the other end extends obliquely downward, and a pressure sensor is arranged on the bottom wall of the chute;

[0009] An alluvial fan simulation mechanism, comprising a simulation platform connected to the lower end of the chute;

[0010] In the working state, the temperature in the test box is adjusted by the temperature control component, so that the ice in the storage bin melts and acts on the simulated dam body and rushes out of the dam mouth and moves along the chute to the simulation platform.

[0011] Furthermore, a plurality of probe rods are arranged at intervals at the dam mouth, temperature sensors and pressure sensors are arranged on the probe rods, and the probe rods are located in the simulated dam body.

[0012] Furthermore, the storage bin has an opening at the upper end, and a surge excitation simulation mechanism is arranged above the storage bin, the surge excitation simulation mechanism includes a vertical guide rod arranged on the bottom wall of the storage bin, a simulated ice body is movably connected to the vertical guide rod, and a first lifting component for driving the simulated ice cubes to move up and down on the vertical guide rod is also arranged on the vertical guide rod.

[0013] Furthermore, the top of the simulated ice body is connected with an adsorption traction disk, the first lifting assembly includes a traction reel arranged at the top of the vertical guide rod, the shaft end of the traction reel is connected with a traction motor, the outer side of the traction reel is wound with a traction steel cable, the lower end of the traction steel cable is connected with a traction electromagnet, the traction electromagnet and the adsorption traction disk are arranged corresponding to each other, and the adsorption traction disk and the traction electromagnet are movably connected to the outer wall of the vertical guide rod.

[0014] Furthermore, the outer wall of the vertical guide rod is also provided with a plurality of counterweight plates, the counterweight plates are provided with electromagnetic automatic latches, and the outer wall of the vertical guide rod is provided with pin holes corresponding one-to-one with the plurality of electromagnetic automatic latches; the counterweight plate is located above the simulated ice body, and a through hole for the counterweight plate to pass through is opened in the center of the traction electromagnet.

[0015] Furthermore, the simulated dam body includes a second lifting assembly arranged at the above-mentioned dam mouth, the lifting end of the above-mentioned second lifting assembly is connected to a dam body forming shell with an open lower end, a feeding pipe is provided at the upper end of the above-mentioned dam body forming shell, and an insulating interlayer is provided on the outer wall of the above-mentioned dam body forming shell, and the outer wall of the above-mentioned dam body forming shell is connected to a circulation pipe connected to the above-mentioned insulating interlayer.

[0016] Furthermore, the second lifting assembly includes vertical racks relatively arranged on both sides of the dam mouth, two first motors are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the dam body forming shell, and a first gear is arranged at the driving end of the first motor. The two first gears and the two vertical racks correspond to each other one by one and mesh with each other.

[0017] Furthermore, the two ends of the above-mentioned chute in the length direction are respectively rotatably connected to the dam mouth of the above-mentioned storage bin and one end of the above-mentioned simulation platform close to the above-mentioned chute, and a third lifting assembly is connected to the above-mentioned test box, and the lifting end of the above-mentioned third lifting assembly is provided with a horizontal connecting frame, and the above-mentioned simulation platform is movably connected to the above-mentioned horizontal connecting frame. In the working state, the above-mentioned third lifting assembly drives the horizontal connecting frame and the simulation platform nerves, so that the inclination angle of the above-mentioned chute changes.

[0018] Furthermore, the third lifting assembly includes a plurality of second motors arranged in the test box, the driving end of the second motor is connected with a driving screw, the driving screw extends vertically downward, and the horizontal connecting frame is provided with a vertical screw sleeve, the driving screw and the vertical screw sleeve are threadedly matched, and the upper end of the horizontal connecting frame is provided with a horizontal guide sleeve, the lower end of the simulation platform is provided with a horizontal guide rod, the horizontal guide rod and the horizontal guide sleeve are slidably matched, and the horizontal guide rod extends in a direction away from the chute.

[0019] Furthermore, a plurality of anti-skid teeth perpendicular to the side walls of the chute are evenly spaced apart on the bottom wall of the chute, guide rails along the extension direction of the chute are provided on the upper ends of both side walls of the chute, bevel racks arranged along the guide rails are extended from the upper ends of the guide rails, and a distributor is provided above the chute, slide seats slidably matched with the guide rails are provided at both ends of the distributor, a third motor is provided on both sides of the distributor, and a driving end of the third motor is connected to a second gear meshing with the bevel racks; a telescopic distributor is connected to the upper part of the distributor, and an end of the telescopic distributor away from the distributor is connected to a mixing and feeding assembly connected to the test box, the mixing and feeding assembly includes a plurality of silos and a mixing silo connected to the plurality of silos, the mixing silo is located below the plurality of silos, a stirring member is provided in the mixing silo, and the telescopic distributor is connected to the bottom of the mixing silo.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0021] The static simulation of the glacier and ice lake is carried out through the storage bin, and the temperature in the test box is changed through the temperature control component, so that the glacier and ice lake simulated in the storage bin changes to simulate the static evolution process of the debris flow in the early stage. At the same time, the setting of the simulated dam body can comprehensively test and display the complete dam breach process. At the same time, the simulated debris flow moves to the simulation platform through the chute to simulate the diffusion, deposition, accumulation, morphological change and other processes of the debris flow in the alluvial fan area. The whole process comprehensively and realistically simulates the entire physical process of glacier and ice lake debris flow from static to dynamic. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the utility model Figure 1 ;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the utility model Figure 2 ;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a dam-break flood simulation mechanism of the utility model;

[0025] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the glacier and ice lake simulation mechanism of the utility model;

[0026] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the simulated dam structure of the utility model;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the surge excitation simulation mechanism of the utility model;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the counterweight plate of the utility model;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the chute and distributor of the utility model;

[0030] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the material distributor of the utility model;

[0031] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the mixing and feeding assembly of the utility model;

[0032] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the simulation platform and the third lifting component of the utility model;

[0033] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the simulation platform and the horizontal connecting frame of the utility model;

[0034] The markings in the figure are as follows: 1-test box, 2-storage bin, 3-chute, 4-simulation platform, 5-probe rod, 6-dam mouth, 7-vertical guide rod, 8-simulated ice body, 9-adsorption traction disc, 10-traction electromagnet, 11-traction motor, 12-traction steel cable, 13-counterweight disc, 14-electromagnetic automatic latch, 15-dam body forming shell, 16-feeding pipe, 17-insulation interlayer, 18-circulation pipe, 19-first gear, 20-vertical rack, 21- Guide rail, 22-bevel rack, 23-third motor, 24-slide seat, 25-second gear, 26-telescopic feeding pipe, 27-bin, 28-stirring element, 29-mixing bin, 30-horizontal connecting frame, 31-horizontal guide sleeve, 32-horizontal guide rod, 33-second motor, 34-driving screw, 35-vertical screw sleeve, 36-anti-slip teeth, 37-temperature regulating fins, 38-compressor, 39-transparent window, 40-first motor, 41-feeder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The utility model is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0036] according to Figure 1-Figure 12As shown, the embodiment of the present application proposes a glacier-ice-lake type debris flow physical simulation device, including a test box 1, wherein the test box 1 is provided with a glacier-ice-lake simulation mechanism, a burst flood simulation mechanism and an alluvial fan simulation mechanism, and the test box 1 is also provided with a temperature control component;

[0037] The glacier ice lake simulation mechanism comprises a storage bin 2, wherein the storage bin 2 is provided with a dam opening 6, and a simulated dam body is provided at the dam opening 6;

[0038] The flood burst simulation mechanism comprises a chute 3, one end of which in the length direction is connected to the dam mouth 6 of the storage bin 2, and the other end extends obliquely downward, and a pressure sensor is arranged on the bottom wall of the chute 3;

[0039] The alluvial fan simulation mechanism comprises a simulation platform 4 connected to the lower end of the chute 3;

[0040] In the working state, the temperature in the test box 1 is adjusted by the temperature control component, so that the ice in the storage bin 2 melts and acts on the simulated dam body and rushes out of the dam mouth 6 and moves along the chute 3 to the simulation platform 4.

[0041] The above-mentioned test box 1 is a sealed box to reduce the impact of the external environment on the simulation experiment. When conducting the experiment, a simulated glacier ice lake is set in the storage bin 2. Specifically, the water in the storage bin 2 can be frozen to form a simulated ice lake through refrigeration using a temperature control component, and a simulated dam body is set at the dam mouth 6. By adjusting the temperature in the test box 1, the simulated ice lake melts and the simulated dam body gradually forms a dam breach under the pressure of the melted water. The simulated debris flow after the dam breach rushes down from the chute 3, and a pressure sensor is set in the chute 3 to detect the degree of damage of the simulated debris flow, forming an alluvial fan phenomenon on the simulation platform 4, thereby simulating the entire glacier ice lake type debris flow physical simulation process.

[0042] The temperature control mechanism 102 mainly includes temperature regulating fins 37. A plurality of temperature regulating fins 37 are arranged in parallel and evenly at the bottom of the closed test box 1. A circulating heat exchange tube is arranged in the middle of the temperature regulating fins 37. A circulating conveying tube is connected to the outer end of the circulating heat exchange tube. A cooling radiator is connected to the outer end of the circulating conveying tube. A compressor 38 is arranged in the middle of the circulating conveying tube. The interior of the circulating heat exchange tube and the circulating conveying tube is filled with refrigerant, thereby forming a temperature regulating structure. The internal temperature of the test box 1 can be adjusted to cool down or heat up the test box 1, which is convenient for freezing and simulating glacier ice lakes and glacier moraine dams at low temperatures, and can also heat up to simulate dam burst debris flows caused by environmental changes. Transparent windows 39 are arranged on the front and back of the test box 1 for convenient observation and recording during experiments, which is beneficial to provide flexible control means and various test schemes for the physical simulation of debris flows, so as to comprehensively and realistically simulate the physical process of glacier ice lake type debris flows.

[0043] It should be noted that, by using the storage bin 2 for static simulation of the glacier ice lake, and by using the temperature control component to achieve temperature changes in the test box 1, the glacier ice lake simulated by the storage bin 2 changes to simulate the static evolution process of the debris flow in the early stage, and the setting of the simulated dam body can comprehensively test and display the complete dam breach process, and the simulated debris flow moves to the simulation platform 4 through the chute 3 to simulate the diffusion, deposition, accumulation, morphological changes and other processes of the debris flow in the alluvial fan area. The whole process comprehensively and realistically simulates the entire physical process of the glacier ice lake type debris flow from static to dynamic.

[0044] Moreover, a plurality of probe rods 5 are arranged at intervals at the dam mouth 6, and temperature sensors and pressure sensors are arranged on the probe rods 5. The probe rods 5 are located in the simulated dam body, and when the static simulation of the glacier and ice lake is carried out, the temperature and pressure changes of the simulated glacier and ice lake can be monitored at all times, thereby improving the integrity and continuity of the simulation experiment data.

[0045] The storage bin 2 has an opening at the upper end, and a surge excitation simulation mechanism is arranged above the storage bin 2, and the surge excitation simulation mechanism includes a vertical guide rod 7 arranged on the bottom wall of the storage bin 2, and a simulated ice body 8 is movably connected to the vertical guide rod 7, and a first lifting assembly for driving the simulated ice block to move up and down on the vertical guide rod 7 is also arranged on the vertical guide rod 7. Specifically, the simulated ice body 8 is controlled by the first lifting assembly to quickly rise and fall into the simulated ice lake in the storage bin 2 to simulate the surge scene formed by the melting and collapse of the glacier, and the surge simulation strengthens the impact force on the simulated dam body, and simulates the phenomenon of dam breach caused by surge.

[0046] The top of the simulated ice body 8 is connected with an adsorption traction disk 9, the first lifting component includes a traction reel arranged at the top of the vertical guide rod 7, the shaft end of the traction reel is connected with a traction motor 11, the outer side of the traction reel is wound with a traction steel cable 12, the lower end of the traction steel cable 12 is connected with a traction electromagnet 10, the traction electromagnet 10 and the adsorption traction disk 9 are arranged corresponding to each other, and the adsorption traction disk 9 and the traction electromagnet 10 are movably connected to the outer wall of the vertical guide rod 7. When simulating the surge excitation scene, the traction electromagnet 10 is controlled to be powered on and off so that the simulated ice body 8 falls into the storage bin 2 to simulate the scene of glacier collapse and falling into the ice lake to stably form surges, and the traction motor 11 acts on the traction steel cable 12 to realize the lifting and lowering of the traction electromagnet 10, thereby controlling the height of the simulated ice body 8 when it falls, so that different degrees of surge experimental scenes can be adjusted.

[0047] In addition, in order to be able to further flexibly adjust the weight and size of the simulated ice body 8 in the experiment, the outer wall of the vertical guide rod 7 is also provided with a plurality of counterweight plates 13, and the counterweight plates 13 are provided with electromagnetic automatic latches 14. The outer wall of the vertical guide rod 7 is provided with pin holes corresponding to the plurality of electromagnetic automatic latches 14; the counterweight plates 13 are located above the simulated ice body 8, and a through hole for the counterweight plates 13 to pass through is provided in the center of the traction electromagnet 10. When in use, by controlling the corresponding electromagnetic automatic latch 14 to contract, the corresponding counterweight plate 13 falls to the upper end of the simulated ice body 8, and the weight of the simulated ice body 8 is adjusted. Through the comprehensive adjustment of the height and weight of the simulated ice body 8, the ice lake surge excitation simulation scene can be simulated more accurately, and more accurate simulation data can be obtained.

[0048] For the above-mentioned simulated dam body, the above-mentioned simulated dam body includes a second lifting assembly arranged at the above-mentioned dam mouth 6, the lifting end of the above-mentioned second lifting assembly is connected with a dam body forming shell 15 with an opening at the lower end, the upper end of the above-mentioned dam body forming shell 15 is provided with a feeding pipe 16, and the outer wall of the above-mentioned dam body forming shell 15 is provided with a heat preservation interlayer 17, and the outer wall of the above-mentioned dam body forming shell 15 is connected with a circulation pipe 18 connected with the above-mentioned heat preservation interlayer 17, and a certain proportion of water, ice, sand and other materials are fed into the dam body forming shell 15 through the above-mentioned feeding pipe 16 to gradually accumulate, and after the accumulation and freezing are completed, the dam body forming shell 15 is lifted upward by the second lifting assembly, so that the simulated dam body is stably retained at the position of the dam mouth 6. The above-mentioned circulation pipe 18 is connected to the compressor 38, which is convenient for controlling the stability inside the dam body forming shell 15, which is conducive to cooling and freezing the simulated dam body forming.

[0049] Specifically, the above-mentioned second lifting component includes vertical racks 20 relatively arranged on both sides of the above-mentioned dam mouth 6, and two first motors 40 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the above-mentioned dam body forming shell 15. The driving end of the above-mentioned first motor 40 is provided with a first gear 19. The two above-mentioned first gears 19 and the two above-mentioned vertical racks 20 correspond to each other one by one and mesh with each other. When working, the two first motors 40 work synchronously and drive the first gear 19 to rotate. The two first gears 19 realize lifting and lowering movement in the vertical direction on the two vertical racks 20, thereby driving the above-mentioned dam body forming shell 15 to realize lifting and lowering movement.

[0050] For the above-mentioned chute 3, specifically, the two ends of the above-mentioned chute 3 in the length direction are respectively rotatably connected to the dam mouth 6 of the above-mentioned storage bin 2 and one end of the above-mentioned simulation platform 4 close to the above-mentioned chute 3, and the above-mentioned test box 1 is connected with a third lifting component, and the lifting end of the above-mentioned third lifting component is provided with a horizontal connecting frame 30, and the above-mentioned simulation platform 4 is movably connected to the above-mentioned horizontal connecting frame 30. In the working state, the above-mentioned third lifting component drives the horizontal connecting frame 30 and the simulation platform 4 to rise and fall, so that the inclination angle of the above-mentioned chute 3 changes. That is to say, the inclination angle of the above-mentioned chute 3 and the height of the horizontal connecting frame 30 and the simulation platform 4 can be adjusted by the above-mentioned third lifting component to improve the accuracy of the simulation test.

[0051] Specifically, the third lifting assembly includes a plurality of second motors 33 arranged in the test box 1, the driving end of the second motor 33 is connected to a driving screw 34, the driving screw 34 extends vertically downward, and the horizontal connecting frame 30 is provided with a vertical screw sleeve 35, the driving screw 34 and the vertical screw sleeve 35 are threadedly matched, and the upper end of the horizontal connecting frame 30 is provided with a horizontal guide sleeve 31, and the lower end of the simulation platform 4 is provided with a horizontal guide rod 32, the horizontal guide rod 32 and the horizontal guide sleeve 31 are slidably matched, and the horizontal guide rod 32 extends in a direction away from the chute 3. When it is necessary to adjust the height of the simulation platform 4 and the inclination angle of the chute 3, the second motor 33 is used to drive the driving screw 34 to rotate, and drive the vertical screw sleeve 35 to achieve lifting and lowering on the driving screw 34, thereby driving the horizontal connecting frame 30 and the simulation platform 4 to achieve lifting and lowering. During the lifting process, the horizontal guide rod 32 at the lower end of the simulation platform 4 and the horizontal guide sleeve 31 on the horizontal connecting frame 30 slide and cooperate with each other, so that the simulation platform 4 can achieve relative displacement in the horizontal direction with the horizontal connecting frame 30, thereby ensuring stability and reliability during the adjustment process.

[0052] The bottom wall of the chute 3 is evenly spaced with a plurality of anti-skid teeth 36 perpendicular to the side walls of the chute 3. The anti-skid teeth 36 are convenient for preventing the filler from slipping when a certain amount of water, mud, sand, stone and other materials are piled up inside the chute 3 to simulate different basin characteristics and debris flow properties; the upper ends of both side walls of the chute 3 are provided with guide rails 21 along the extension direction of the chute 3, and the upper ends of the guide rails 21 are extended with oblique racks 22 arranged along the guide rails 21, and a distributor 41 is provided above the chute 3, and slide seats 24 slidably matched with the guide rails 21 are provided at both ends of the distributor 41. The distributor 41 A third motor 23 is arranged on both sides, and the driving end of the third motor 23 is connected to the second gear 25 meshing with the bevel rack 22; the upper part of the distributor 41 is connected with a telescopic distribution pipe 26, and the end of the telescopic distribution pipe 26 away from the distributor 41 is connected with a mixing and feeding assembly connected to the test box 1, and the mixing and feeding assembly includes a plurality of silos 27 and a mixing silo 29 which is connected to the plurality of silos 27, and the mixing silo 29 is located below the plurality of silos 27, and a stirring member 28 is arranged in the mixing silo 29, and the telescopic distribution pipe 26 is connected with the bottom of the mixing silo 29. During operation, the third motor 23 drives the second gear 25 to rotate, and under the meshing action of the second gear 25 and the bevel rack 22, the slide 24 drives the distributor 41 to move along the guide rail 21, so that the distributor 41 moves above the chute 3. At this time, by adding corresponding materials to multiple silos 27 respectively and determining the adding ratio, multiple materials enter the mixing bin 29. Through the mixing action of the stirring element 28, the mixed material enters the distributor 41 through the telescopic distribution pipe 26, and is evenly scattered into the gap between the anti-skid teeth 36 in the chute 3 with the distributor 41 to simulate different watershed characteristics and debris flow properties.

[0053] Specifically, the above-mentioned distributor 41 is a vertically arranged rectangular shell, and a rectangular opening with a width equivalent to the anti-slip teeth 36 is opened at the lower end to ensure the uniformity of the distribution of materials. The telescopic distribution tube 26 is connected to a flexible distribution tube, which can achieve deformation and movement adapted to the moving path of the distributor 41 during the movement of the distributor 41, thereby ensuring the stability of the distribution and feeding process. The distributor 41 and the slide seat 24 are rotatably connected to facilitate the adjustment of the inclination angle of the distributor 41. Generally, the distributor 41 is in a vertically arranged position.

[0054] The bottom of the multiple silos 27 is connected with a unit conveying pipe, and a conveying wheel is horizontally rotatably arranged at the connection between the silo 27 and the unit conveying pipe. The middle of the conveying wheel is evenly and circularly arranged with a plurality of quantitative conveying grooves, and the shaft end of the conveying wheel is connected with a conveying motor, and the upper end of the flexible material distribution pipe is connected with a mixing silo 29, which is fixedly connected to the test box 1. A mixing stirring plate is rotatably arranged inside the mixing silo 29, and a mixing motor is connected with the upper end of the mixing stirring plate. Therefore, multiple simulated materials can be stored simultaneously through the multiple silos 27, and the conveying motor drives the conveying wheel to rotate to quantitatively convey the materials to the unit conveying pipe, and uniformly convey them to the mixing silo 29, and then the mixing motor drives the mixing stirring plate to rotate to mix the materials, and then convey them to the distributor 41 for filling, so that it is convenient to set and adjust according to actual needs, and it is more convenient and quick to use.

[0055] When the present embodiment is in use, the device is first adjusted according to demand. During the adjustment, the second motor 33 drives the horizontal connecting frame 30 to move up and down by driving the screw rod 34 and the vertical screw sleeve 35, thereby driving the simulation platform 4 to move up and down, thereby adjusting the height difference between the simulation platform 4 and the storage bin 2, and then adjusting the inclination angle of the chute 3. Then, a certain amount of water is contained in the storage bin 2 to simulate the glacier ice lake, and a dam body forming shell 15 is embedded in the dam mouth 6 at the front end of the storage bin 2. Water, ice, mud and sand and other objects are filled into the dam body forming shell 15 through the feeding pipe 16, and can be gradually accumulated. After the accumulation is completed and frozen, the first motor 40 drives the dam body forming shell 15 to move up and down through the meshing action of the first gear 19 and the vertical rack 20, controls the dam body forming shell 15 to rise and demold, constructs a simulated dam body, and then constitutes a complete glacier ice lake and dam body simulation structure to simulate the formation of the glacier ice lake, the structure of the dam body, the triggering conditions and process of the collapse, and then through multiple A silo 27 stores a variety of simulated materials at the same time, and the materials are mixed in the mixing bin 29. Then, the filling material is transported through the telescopic distribution pipe 26, and the distribution device 41 slides on the guide rail 21, so that the filling material is accumulated on the bottom wall of the chute 3 to simulate different basin characteristics and debris flow properties. After the setting is completed, the simulated dam body is melted by adjusting the temperature control component, and the traction electromagnet 10 is controlled to be disconnected so that the simulated ice body 8 falls into the storage bin 2 to simulate the surge excitation, thereby controlling the simulated dam body to burst, and the simulated flood and debris flow flow down the chute 3. The multiple pressure sensors evenly arranged in the chute 3 are used to measure and record in real time to analyze the dynamic characteristics and destructive power of the debris flow. At the same time, the debris flow is simulated to impact the simulation platform 4, and the diffusion, deposition, accumulation, morphological changes and other processes of the debris flow in the alluvial fan area are simulated, thereby simulating the alluvial fan characteristics and laws of the debris flow, and then completing the physical simulation process of the glacial ice lake type debris flow.

Claims

1. A glacier-ice lake type debris flow physical simulation device, characterized in that: The test box (1) comprises a test box (1), wherein a glacier and ice lake simulation mechanism, a flood burst simulation mechanism and an alluvial fan simulation mechanism are arranged in the test box (1), and the test box (1) is also provided with a temperature control component; A glacier and ice lake simulation mechanism comprises a storage bin (2), wherein the storage bin (2) is provided with a dam opening (6), and a simulated dam body is provided at the dam opening (6); A flood burst simulation mechanism comprises a chute (3), one end of the chute (3) in the length direction of which is connected to the dam mouth (6) of the storage bin (2), and the other end of which extends downwardly at an angle, and a pressure sensor is provided on the bottom wall of the chute (3); An alluvial fan simulation mechanism comprises a simulation platform (4) connected to the lower end of the chute (3); In the working state, the temperature in the test box (1) is adjusted by the temperature control component, so that the ice in the storage bin (2) melts, acts on the simulated dam body, and rushes out of the dam mouth (6) and moves along the chute (3) to the simulation platform (4).

2. The glacier-glacial lake debris flow physical simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of probe rods (5) are arranged at intervals at the dam mouth (6), and a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor are arranged on the probe rods (5). The probe rods (5) are located in the simulated dam body.

3. The glacier-glacial lake debris flow physical simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The storage bin (2) has an opening at the upper end, and a surge excitation simulation mechanism is arranged above the storage bin (2), the surge excitation simulation mechanism comprising a vertical guide rod (7) arranged on the bottom wall of the storage bin (2), a simulated ice body (8) being movably connected to the vertical guide rod (7), and a first lifting assembly for driving the simulated ice block to move up and down on the vertical guide rod (7) is also arranged on the vertical guide rod (7).

4. The glacier-glacial lake debris flow physical simulation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The top of the simulated ice body (8) is connected to an adsorption traction disk (9), the first lifting assembly comprises a traction reel arranged at the top of the vertical guide rod (7), the shaft end of the traction reel is connected to a traction motor (11), a traction steel cable (12) is wound around the outer side of the traction reel, the lower end of the traction steel cable (12) is connected to a traction electromagnet (10), the traction electromagnet (10) and the adsorption traction disk (9) are arranged correspondingly to each other, and the adsorption traction disk (9) and the traction electromagnet (10) are both movably sleeved on the outer wall of the vertical guide rod (7).

5. The glacier-glacial lake debris flow physical simulation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer wall of the vertical guide rod (7) is also provided with a plurality of counterweight plates (13), and the counterweight plates (13) are provided with electromagnetic automatic latches (14). The outer wall of the vertical guide rod (7) is provided with pin holes corresponding to the plurality of electromagnetic automatic latches (14) one by one. The counterweight plates (13) are located above the simulated ice body (8), and a through hole for the counterweight plates (13) to pass through is opened in the center of the traction electromagnet (10).

6. The glacier-glacial lake debris flow physical simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The simulated dam body comprises a second lifting assembly arranged at the dam mouth (6); the lifting end of the second lifting assembly is connected to a dam body forming shell (15) with an opening at the lower end; a feeding pipe (16) is provided at the upper end of the dam body forming shell (15); a heat-insulating interlayer (17) is provided on the outer wall of the dam body forming shell (15); and a circulation pipe (18) communicating with the heat-insulating interlayer (17) is connected to the outer wall of the dam body forming shell (15).

7. The glacier-glacial lake debris flow physical simulation device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second lifting assembly comprises vertical racks (20) arranged relatively on both sides of the dam mouth (6), two first motors (40) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the dam body forming shell (15), and a first gear (19) is arranged at the driving end of the first motor (40), and the two first gears (19) and the two vertical racks (20) correspond to each other one by one and mesh with each other.

8. The glacier-glacial lake debris flow physical simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two ends of the chute (3) in the length direction are rotatably connected to the dam mouth (6) of the storage bin (2) and one end of the simulation platform (4) close to the chute (3), and a third lifting component is connected to the test box (1), and a horizontal connecting frame (30) is provided at the lifting end of the third lifting component. The simulation platform (4) is movably connected to the horizontal connecting frame (30). In the working state, the third lifting component drives the horizontal connecting frame (30) and the simulation platform (4) to rise and fall, so that the inclination angle of the chute (3) changes.

9. The glacier-glacial lake debris flow physical simulation device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The third lifting assembly comprises a plurality of second motors (33) arranged in the test box (1), the driving end of the second motor (33) is connected to a driving screw (34), the driving screw (34) extends vertically downward, and the horizontal connecting frame (30) is provided with a vertical screw sleeve (35), the driving screw (34) and the vertical screw sleeve (35) are threadedly matched, and the upper end of the horizontal connecting frame (30) is provided with a horizontal guide sleeve (31), and the lower end of the simulation platform (4) is provided with a horizontal guide rod (32), the horizontal guide rod (32) and the horizontal guide sleeve (31) are slidably matched, and the horizontal guide rod (32) extends in a direction away from the chute (3).

10. The glacier-glacial lake debris flow physical simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom wall of the chute (3) is evenly spaced with a plurality of anti-slip teeth (36) perpendicular to the side walls of the chute (3); the upper ends of both side walls of the chute (3) are provided with guide rails (21) extending along the extension direction of the chute (3); the upper ends of the guide rails (21) are extended with oblique racks (22) arranged along the guide rails (21); a distributor (41) is provided above the chute (3); both ends of the distributor (41) are provided with slide seats (24) slidably matched with the guide rails (21); a third motor (23) is provided on both sides of the distributor (41); a driving end of the third motor (23) is connected to a drive shaft (24) connected to the drive shaft (24) The second gear (25) is meshed with the bevel rack (22); the upper part of the distributor (41) is connected to a telescopic distribution pipe (26); one end of the telescopic distribution pipe (26) away from the distributor (41) is connected to a mixing and feeding component connected to the test box (1); the mixing and feeding component includes a plurality of silos (27) and a mixing bin (29) which is connected to the plurality of silos (27); the mixing bin (29) is located below the plurality of silos (27); a stirring member (28) is arranged in the mixing bin (29); and the telescopic distribution pipe (26) is connected to the bottom of the mixing bin (29).

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