Energy storage container and energy storage system

Abstract

The utility model provides an energy storage container which comprises a battery bin, an electrical bin and a temperature control bin, the battery bin is used for containing a battery cluster, the battery cluster comprises a plurality of battery packs, the electrical bin is used for containing power electronic equipment and a heat exchanger, the temperature control bin is used for containing a liquid cooling unit, and the liquid cooling unit is used for adjusting the temperature of the battery bin. The heat exchanger is used for adjusting the temperature of the electrical bin. Different heat dissipation modes are adopted for the battery bin and the electrical bin, different heat dissipation requirements of the power electronic equipment and the battery cluster can be met, and the energy consumption of the energy storage container is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of energy storage thermal safety technology, and in particular to an energy storage container and an energy storage system. Background Art

[0002] With the large-scale application of new energy (solar energy, wind energy, etc.) power generation, electrochemical energy storage has been widely promoted. Among them, electrochemical energy storage is favored because it is not restricted by geographical terrain and can quickly store and release electrical energy. The battery energy storage system is a system form that converts electrical energy into chemical energy for storage, and then converts chemical energy into electrical energy to supply external power. Batteries release a lot of heat during the charging and discharging process. The thermal management system needs to cool the battery cells in time to avoid the risk of thermal runaway of the system due to heat accumulation. If the battery is in a high or low temperature state for a long time, the system capacity will decay rapidly, and it will also cause battery current limiting. Therefore, the energy storage system should be equipped with a thermal management system to maintain the battery within a suitable temperature range to avoid the battery in an operating environment with too low or too high temperature, reducing the system capacity decay.

[0003] With the rapid development of the energy storage industry, energy storage containers are gradually developing towards an integrated form, with battery clusters, thermal management systems, and power electronic equipment all placed in the same physical unit. The thermal management system dissipates heat for both the battery cluster and the power electronic equipment. Since the operating temperature ranges of power electronic equipment and battery clusters are different, the heat dissipation requirements are different. Therefore, how to provide an efficient thermal management method has become an urgent problem to be solved. Utility Model Content

[0004] In order to meet the different heat dissipation requirements of power electronic equipment and battery clusters, the present application provides an energy storage container, which separates the power electronic equipment and battery clusters in different physical spaces, and uses different temperature control methods to control the temperature of the power electronic equipment and battery clusters respectively.

[0005] In the first aspect, the present application provides an energy storage container, which includes a battery compartment, an electrical compartment and a temperature control compartment. The battery compartment is used to accommodate a battery cluster, and the battery cluster includes a plurality of battery packs, which are stacked from bottom to top. The electrical compartment is used to accommodate power electronic equipment and a heat exchanger, and the temperature control compartment is used to accommodate a liquid cooling unit. The power electronic equipment is electrically connected to the battery cluster. The liquid cooling unit and the battery cluster are arranged in separate compartments, which can achieve water and electricity isolation. The liquid cooling unit is used to adjust the temperature of the battery cluster, and the liquid cooling unit is used to dissipate heat or heat the battery cluster. The battery cluster is dissipated at high temperatures and heated at low temperatures, thereby improving the backup power capacity and charging and discharging efficiency of the battery cluster under low and high temperature conditions. The heat exchanger is used to dissipate heat for power electronic equipment. The power electronic equipment includes components such as copper bars, fuses, chips, electrical terminals, and signal terminals. Generally speaking, the normal operating temperature range of power electronic equipment is wider than that of batteries, and its heat demand is lower. Therefore, a heat exchanger is used to dissipate heat for power electronic equipment in a working state to ensure that the temperature of the power electronic equipment in a working state is within the normal operating temperature range.

[0006] In the energy storage container of the present application, the interior of the energy storage container is divided into an electrical compartment, a battery compartment and a temperature control compartment, and each space is used to accommodate different devices, so as to make full use of the space in the energy storage container, which is conducive to achieving the energy storage effect and integration of the energy storage container. In addition, the temperature control compartment is separately arranged from the electrical compartment to facilitate subsequent maintenance operations. Moreover, in view of the different thermal requirements of the battery cluster and the power electronic equipment, by arranging the battery cluster and the power electronic equipment in the battery compartment and the electrical compartment respectively, and adopting different thermal management methods for the battery cluster and the power electronic equipment, while taking into account the two different temperature requirements of the battery cluster and the power electronic equipment, differentiated thermal management is performed, which can improve the life of sensitive components, reduce the risk of component failure caused by long-term high temperature, and improve the energy efficiency of the system.

[0007] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the power electronic device includes a battery cluster controller and a power distribution device, the power distribution device and the battery cluster controller are arranged in parallel, and the battery cluster controller is used to control the charging and discharging of the battery cluster. The side wall of the electrical compartment is provided with a compartment door, the compartment door and the power distribution device are arranged opposite to each other, the compartment door and the power distribution device are arranged in a staggered manner, and the heat exchanger is arranged on the compartment door. The battery cluster controller and the power distribution device are arranged in parallel, which can make full use of the space inside the electrical compartment, make the internal device layout more compact, and improve the space utilization rate of the electrical compartment.

[0008] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, a partition plate is provided on the door, the partition plate is perpendicular to the door, and the partition plate divides the space where the power distribution device is located into an upper space and a lower space. The heat exchanger includes an internal circulation fan, a heat exchange core and an external circulation fan. The heat exchange core is provided with an internal circulation air duct and an external circulation air duct that are isolated from each other. The internal circulation fan is arranged at the air inlet of the internal circulation air duct, and the external circulation fan is arranged at the air inlet of the external circulation air duct. The position of the air inlet of the internal circulation air duct is higher than the position of the partition plate, and the air outlet of the internal circulation air duct is lower than the position of the partition plate. In other words, the internal circulation fan is arranged in the upper space, the air inlet of the internal circulation air duct of the heat exchange core is arranged in the upper space, and the air outlet of the internal circulation of the heat exchange core is arranged in the lower space.

[0009] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the outer wall of the battery cluster controller facing the power distribution device is connected to the partition, there is a gap between the top wall of the battery cluster controller and the top wall of the electrical compartment, and there is a gap between the bottom wall of the battery cluster and the bottom wall of the electrical compartment. The gap between the top wall of the battery cluster controller and the top wall of the electrical compartment is connected to the upper space, and the gap between the bottom wall of the battery cluster and the bottom wall of the electrical compartment is connected to the lower space. The cold air blown into the battery cluster controller and the hot air blown out of the battery cluster controller flow through the lower space and the upper space respectively, and the two spaces are isolated from each other as a cold air duct and a hot air duct, so as to prevent the cold air blown out of the air outlet of the inner circulation duct of the heat exchange core from flowing to the return air duct, causing a short circuit. The hot air flowing through the battery cluster controller enters the inner circulation duct through the inner circulation fan, and the outer circulation fan draws the cold air from the external environment into the outer circulation duct, and the outer circulation duct and the inner circulation duct exchange heat to take away the heat in the inner circulation duct, thereby realizing heat dissipation of the battery cluster controller.

[0010] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the bottom wall of the battery cluster controller is provided with an air inlet, the top wall of the battery cluster controller is provided with an air outlet, a heat dissipation channel is formed between the air inlet and the air outlet, a fan is provided at the air inlet, and / or a fan is provided at the air outlet. The bottom wall of the battery cluster controller, the bottom wall of the electrical compartment and the lower space form an air supply duct, and the top wall of the battery cluster controller, the top wall of the electrical compartment and the upper space form a return air duct. The cold air blown out from the air outlet of the internal circulation duct passes through the air supply duct. Then it enters the battery cluster controller through the air inlet at the bottom of the battery cluster controller, dissipates the heat of the battery cluster controller, absorbs the heat of the battery cluster controller, and forms hot air that is blown out from the top wall of the battery cluster controller. The hot air flows to the internal circulation fan and the heat exchange core through the return air duct to achieve cyclic heat dissipation of the battery cluster controller. By respectively providing fans at the air inlet and the air outlet, the gas flow rate inside the battery cluster controller can be increased, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency.

[0011] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the power distribution device includes a switch device, an electric meter, a CMU (Central Management Unit) and a black start control board. The switch device is arranged in the upper space, and the electric meter, CMU and the black start control board are arranged in the lower space. The electric meter, CMU and the black start control board are arranged at the air outlet of the inner circulation air duct. In other words, devices with relatively poor temperature resistance such as the electric meter, CMU (Central Management Unit) and the black start board are arranged in the air supply duct. The cold air blown out from the air outlet of the inner circulation air duct dissipates the heat of the aforementioned devices with relatively poor temperature resistance to meet their operating temperature requirements.

[0012] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, a turbulent fan is provided at the air outlet of the inner circulation air duct to pressurize the cold air blown out of the air outlet of the inner circulation air duct of the heat exchange core, thereby increasing the flow rate of the cold air and improving the heat dissipation efficiency.

[0013] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the temperature control compartment and the battery compartment are arranged in sequence along the length direction of the energy storage container. The temperature control compartment is arranged on one side of the battery compartment, which is beneficial to the routing and arrangement of the liquid cooling pipes of the liquid cooling unit inside the temperature control compartment, thereby improving the space utilization rate of the energy storage container.

[0014] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the temperature control compartment and the electrical compartment are located on the same side of the battery compartment. That is, the liquid cooling unit and the battery cluster controller are located on the same side of the battery cluster, making the internal layout of the energy storage container more compact, which is conducive to making full use of the internal space of the energy storage container and improving space utilization. In addition, when a part fails, it can be repaired in different compartments without entering other compartments for repair, thereby improving maintenance efficiency.

[0015] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the electrical compartment and the temperature control compartment are arranged in sequence along the height direction of the energy storage cabinet. The temperature control compartment is arranged above the electrical compartment, that is, the liquid cooling unit is located above the battery cluster controller, and air inlets can be arranged on the three sides of the liquid cooling unit that are not adjacent to the battery compartment, and air outlets are arranged on the top surface, so as to increase the air inlet area of ​​the liquid cooling unit and improve the temperature control efficiency of the liquid cooling unit.

[0016] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, there are multiple battery clusters and multiple battery cluster controllers. The multiple battery clusters correspond to the multiple battery cluster controllers one by one, and the multiple battery cluster controllers are arranged in sequence along the width direction of the energy storage container. The battery cluster controllers correspond to the battery clusters one by one, that is, one battery cluster controller manages the charge and discharge of the corresponding battery cluster, realizing one cluster one management.

[0017] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the liquid cooling unit includes a water pump, a compressor, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a throttle valve, a three-way valve, a heat exchanger, a radiator, an electric heater and a four-way valve; the battery pack includes a cold plate and a plurality of batteries, and the cold plate and the plurality of batteries are in contact.

[0018] When adjusting the temperature of the battery cluster, the liquid cooling unit includes a total of four cooling circuits. The first cooling circuit includes a battery, a cold plate, a water pump, a first heat exchanger, and a three-way valve. The second cooling circuit includes a battery, a cold plate, a water pump, a radiator, a three-way valve, and an electric heater. The first cooling circuit and the second cooling circuit are the circulation of the coolant in the cold plate. The third cooling circuit includes a first heat exchanger, a throttle valve, a four-way valve, a compressor, and a second heat exchanger. The third cooling circuit is the circulation of the refrigerant. The fourth cooling circuit includes a battery, a cold plate, a water pump, a radiator, a three-way valve, and an electric heater. The fourth cooling circuit is the circulation of the coolant in the cold plate.

[0019] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the liquid cooling unit includes four working modes: when the ambient temperature outside the box is higher than the first temperature threshold, the liquid cooling unit is in compression cooling mode; when the ambient temperature is higher than the second temperature threshold, the liquid cooling unit is in natural cooling mode; when the ambient temperature is lower than the third temperature threshold and higher than the fourth temperature threshold, the liquid cooling unit is in compression heating mode; when the ambient temperature is lower than the fourth temperature threshold, the liquid cooling unit is in electric heating mode. The liquid cooling unit has four different working modes, and can select the most appropriate temperature control mode in real time according to the different temperature states of the battery cluster, which can not only improve the temperature control efficiency of the battery cluster, but also reduce energy consumption.

[0020] In a second aspect, the present application provides an energy storage system, which includes the energy storage container and the power converter provided in the first aspect, the power converter is used to convert the AC power output by the external AC power supply into DC power and output it to the energy storage container, and / or the power converter is used to convert the DC power output by the energy storage container into AC power and output it to a load or a power grid.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the energy storage system provided in the second aspect can refer to the beneficial effects of the energy storage container provided in the first aspect, and will not be repeated here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an application scenario of an energy storage container provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the first structure of the energy storage container provided for this application;

[0024] Figure 3 A second structural schematic diagram of the energy storage container provided for this application;

[0025] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the first structure of the electrical compartment of the energy storage container provided in this application;

[0026] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of the door of the electrical compartment of the energy storage container provided in this application;

[0027] Figure 6 A second structural schematic diagram of the electrical compartment of the energy storage container provided in this application;

[0028] Figure 7 A third structural schematic diagram of the electrical compartment of the energy storage container provided in this application;

[0029] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of the liquid cooling unit provided for this application;

[0030] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the first working mode of the liquid cooling unit provided for this application;

[0031] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the second working mode of the liquid cooling unit provided for this application;

[0032] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the third working mode of the liquid cooling unit provided for this application;

[0033] Fig.12 Schematic diagram of the fourth working mode of the liquid cooling unit provided in this application.

[0034] Reference numerals:

[0035] 100- energy storage container; 200- photovoltaic panel; 300- DC / DC converter; 400- inverter; 500- grid; 600- load; 110- box; 1101- top wall of box; 1102- bottom wall of box; 1105- first partition; 1106- second partition; 1107- box door; 111- battery compartment; 112- electrical compartment; 1121- internal circulation fan; 1122 -supply air duct; 1123-return air duct; 1124-heat exchange core; 1125-external circulation fan; 1126-electrical compartment door; 1127-partition plate; 1128-control compartment; 1129-power distribution compartment; 11291-upper space; 11292-lower space; 113-temperature control compartment; 120-battery cluster; 121-battery pack; 130-battery cluster controller; 140-liquid cooling unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the example embodiments can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments described herein. The same reference numerals in the figures represent the same or similar structures, and thus their repeated descriptions will be omitted. The words expressing position and direction described in the embodiments of the present application are all illustrated by taking the accompanying drawings as examples, but changes may be made as needed, and the changes made are all included in the scope of protection of the present application. The drawings of the embodiments of the present application are only used to illustrate the relative position relationship and do not represent the true proportion.

[0037] In the embodiments of the present application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.

[0038] It should be noted that specific details are described in the following description to facilitate understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in a variety of other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the specific implementation methods disclosed below.

[0039] For ease of understanding, the terms involved in the embodiments of the present application are first explained.

[0040] And / or: It is just a way to describe the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone.

[0041] Multiple: refers to two or more than two.

[0042] Connection: refers to electrical connection. The connection between two electrical components can be a direct or indirect connection between the two electrical components. For example, A and B are connected, which can be either A and B directly connected or A and B indirectly connected through one or more other electrical components. For example, A and B are connected, or A and C are directly connected, C and B are directly connected, and A and B are connected through C.

[0043] The following embodiments of the present application provide an energy storage container, which can be used in energy storage application scenarios of photovoltaic power generation.

[0044] For example, Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the framework structure of a photovoltaic system is shown in FIG. Figure 1As shown, the photovoltaic system includes a photovoltaic panel 200, a DC / DC converter 300, an energy storage container 100, and a DC / AC converter 400. The photovoltaic panel 200 is used to convert solar energy into DC power. The DC / DC converter 300 is used to convert the DC power generated by the photovoltaic panel 200 into adjustable DC power (i.e., the DC power output by the photovoltaic panel 200 is converted from DC to DC to output DC power with adjustable voltage and current), and is used to realize dynamic control of the DC power generated by the photovoltaic panel 200, balance the output power of each photovoltaic panel 200, and then output it to the energy storage container 100 to store the electric energy. The DC power output by the energy storage container 300 is converted into AC power by the DC / AC converter 400 and output to the power grid 500. The AC power output by the DC / AC converter can also be used to power the load 600.

[0045] An energy storage container generally includes multiple battery clusters, which include multiple battery packs, and the battery pack includes multiple batteries. In actual applications, the battery will generate a lot of heat during the charging and discharging process. If the heat cannot be discharged in time, the battery may experience thermal runaway, thereby generating a large amount of flammable gas, which has a high risk of explosion and causes harm to the surrounding environment or people. Therefore, the energy storage container needs to dissipate heat from the battery at high temperatures. When the battery is at a low temperature, the battery (taking lithium-ion batteries as an example) will reduce its discharge capacity, and charging the lithium battery at this time will form lithium dendrites at the diaphragm of the lithium battery, increasing the risk of thermal runaway of the battery, and thus making the battery cluster unable to charge and discharge. Therefore, the energy storage container should be equipped with a suitable thermal management system to control the temperature of the battery within a suitable temperature range, avoid thermal runaway of the battery, and reduce system capacity attenuation. In order to manage the charging and discharging of the battery cluster inside the energy storage container, power electronic equipment is generally configured. The power electronic equipment is used to manage the charging and discharging of the battery cluster, and when the battery cluster fails, the failed battery pack in the battery cluster is removed in time to maintain the normal charging and discharging of the battery cluster. Generally speaking, power electronic equipment includes copper busbars, fuses, chips, electrical terminals, signal terminals and other components. Compared with the high working environment temperature requirements of batteries, these components are less sensitive to temperature and have better adaptability to low and high temperatures. For example, some power electronic equipment such as copper busbars, fuses and other devices can work normally between -30℃ and 70℃. In the prior art, power electronic equipment and battery clusters are generally arranged in the same physical space, and liquid cooling or air cooling is used to dissipate or heat the power electronic equipment and battery clusters at the same time. At low temperatures, the battery cluster is heated while the power electronic equipment is heated. At high temperatures, the battery cluster is cooled while the power electronic equipment is cooled. The different heat dissipation requirements of the power electronic equipment and the battery cluster are not considered, which reduces the system energy efficiency.

[0046] In order to solve the problem of unbalanced thermal management of energy storage containers, the present application provides an energy storage container 100, the structure of which can refer to Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the structure of the energy storage container 100 is shown in FIG. Figure 3 The energy storage container 100 is a schematic diagram of the structure. The energy storage container 100 includes a box body, which may be a rectangular parallelepiped structure, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the x direction is the length direction of the box, the y direction is the width direction of the box, and the z direction is the height direction of the box.

[0047] The energy storage container includes a battery compartment, an electrical compartment and a temperature control compartment. The battery compartment is used to accommodate battery clusters, the electrical compartment is used to accommodate power electronic equipment and heat exchangers, and the temperature control compartment is used to accommodate liquid cooling units. In specific implementation, a first partition 1105 and a second partition 1106 are provided in the box body, the extension direction of the first partition 1105 is parallel to the z direction, and the two ends of the first partition 1105 oppositely arranged along the z direction are respectively connected to the top wall of the box body and the bottom wall of the box body, and the first partition 1105 divides the storage space of the box body into two compartments, one of which is a battery compartment 111. The battery compartment 111 is used to accommodate a battery cluster 120, and the battery cluster 120 can be one cluster or multiple clusters. When the energy storage container 100 includes multiple clusters of battery clusters 120, the multiple clusters of battery clusters 120 can be arranged in parallel along the x direction. Each cluster of battery clusters 120 includes multiple battery packs 121, and the multiple battery packs 121 are stacked along the z direction to achieve energy expansion of the energy storage container 100 and meet the scene requirements of large-capacity energy storage. A plurality of sub-partitions may be provided in the battery compartment 111, and the plurality of sub-partitions divide the battery compartment 111 into a plurality of sub-battery compartments 111, and the plurality of sub-battery compartments 111 are arranged in sequence along the x direction, and the plurality of sub-battery compartments 111 correspond to the plurality of battery clusters 120 one by one, and a battery cluster 120 is provided in each sub-battery compartment 111. A plurality of battery pack brackets may be provided in each sub-battery compartment 111, and the battery pack brackets are used to fix the battery packs 121, and each battery pack 121 is located on a corresponding battery pack bracket to prevent the battery pack 121 from shaking during transportation, causing relative displacement with the box body, and causing safety hazards.

[0048] The two ends of the second partition 1106 that are arranged opposite to each other along the x direction are respectively connected to the left side wall of the box body (not shown in the figure) and the first partition 1105, and the second partition 1106 divides the other compartment into an electrical compartment 112 and a temperature control compartment 113. The electrical compartment 112 and the temperature control compartment 113 are arranged in sequence along the z direction, and the battery compartment 111 and the temperature control compartment 113 are arranged in sequence along the x direction. The electrical compartment 112 and the temperature control compartment 113 can be located on the same side of the battery compartment 111. Such a design makes the internal layout of the energy storage container 100 more compact, improves the energy density of the energy storage container 100, and reduces the floor space occupied by the energy storage container 100.

[0049] The power electronic device includes a battery cluster controller 130 and a power distribution device (not shown in the figure). The power distribution device and the battery cluster controller are arranged in parallel. The battery cluster controller 130 is used to control the charging and discharging of the battery cluster 120. The side wall of the electrical compartment 112 is provided with a compartment door 1126. The compartment door 1126 is arranged opposite to the power distribution device. The compartment door 1126 and the power distribution device are staggered. The heat exchanger is arranged at the compartment door 1126. The battery cluster controller 130 and the heat exchanger are located in the electrical compartment 112. The battery cluster controller 130 is used to control the charging and discharging of the battery cluster 120. The battery cluster controller 130 is also used to monitor the operating status of the battery cluster 120, ensure the safe and reliable operation of the battery cluster 120, intelligently manage and maintain each battery pack 121, and can monitor and collect the state parameters of the battery pack 121 (voltage, temperature, current, SOC, SOH, etc. of the battery cells in the battery pack 121) in real time, and perform necessary analysis and calculation on the parameters of the relevant state to obtain more system state evaluation parameters, and realize effective control of the energy storage container 100 according to a specific protection control strategy, such as realizing functions such as battery balancing and power-off protection, to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the entire energy storage container 100. In addition, the battery cluster controller 130 can exchange information with other external devices (inverters or converters) through its own communication interface and analog / digital input and output structure.

[0050] In one embodiment, there are multiple battery clusters 120 and multiple battery cluster controllers 130. The multiple battery clusters 120 correspond to the multiple battery cluster controllers 130 one by one, and the multiple battery cluster controllers 130 are arranged in sequence along the y direction. The battery cluster controllers 130 correspond to the battery clusters 120 one by one, that is, one battery cluster controller 130 manages the charge and discharge of the corresponding battery cluster 120, realizing one cluster one management, thereby improving the working efficiency of the energy storage container 100.

[0051] Generally speaking, the normal operating temperature range of the components such as copper busbars, fuses, chips, electrical terminals and signal terminals in the battery cluster controller 130 is wider than that of the battery, and its heat demand is lower. Therefore, a heat exchanger is used to dissipate the heat of the battery cluster controller 130 in the working state to ensure that the temperature of the battery cluster controller 130 in the working state is within the normal operating temperature range. For example, a fan or an air-to-air heat exchanger can be used to dissipate the heat of the battery cluster controller 130, and natural cooling is used for heat dissipation throughout the year, eliminating high-energy consumption mechanical components such as air cooling / liquid cooling compression refrigeration for the battery cluster controller 130. Figure 2 As shown, the energy storage container 100 in the present application sets the electrical compartment 112 at the lower left corner of the energy storage container 100 , and the battery cluster controller 130 can be located at the lower left corner of the energy storage container 100 , providing a larger external wiring space for the battery cluster controller 130 .

[0052] The liquid cooling unit 140 is located in the temperature control chamber 113, and the liquid cooling unit 140 is used to adjust the temperature of at least one battery cluster 120. The liquid cooling unit 140 is used to dissipate heat or heat the battery cluster 120, dissipate heat for the battery cluster 120 at high temperatures, and heat the battery cluster 120 at low temperatures, thereby improving the backup power capacity and charging and discharging efficiency of the battery cluster 120 at low and high temperatures. The temperature control chamber 113 is set at the upper left corner of the energy storage container 100, that is, the liquid cooling unit 140 can be located at the upper left corner of the energy storage container 100, and the front side, left side and rear side of the liquid cooling unit 140 can be provided with air inlets, and the top side is provided with air outlets to improve the temperature control efficiency.

[0053] In view of the different thermal requirements of the battery cluster 120 and the battery cluster controller 130, the energy storage container 100 provided in the present application respectively arranges the battery cluster 120 and the battery cluster controller 130 in the battery compartment 111 and the electrical compartment 112, and adopts different thermal management methods for the battery cluster 120 and the battery cluster controller 130, while taking into account the two different temperature requirements of the battery cluster 120 and the battery cluster controller 130, and performs differentiated thermal management, which can improve the life of sensitive components and reduce the risk of component failure caused by long-term high temperature. In addition, the heat exchanger consumes less power than the liquid cooling unit 140, and the use of a heat exchanger to dissipate heat from the battery cluster controller 130 can improve the energy efficiency of the system.

[0054] Figure 4 The schematic diagram of the structure of the components arranged inside the electrical compartment 112 is shown. The accommodation space inside the electrical compartment 112 can be divided into a control compartment 1128 and a power distribution compartment 1129. The power distribution compartment 1129 and the control compartment 1128 are arranged side by side along the y direction, and the power distribution compartment 1129 and the control compartment 1128 are connected to each other. The power distribution compartment 1129 is provided with power distribution devices, which can be devices such as an electric meter, a black start extension board, a control chip, a fuse, and a switch. In other words, the power distribution devices and the battery cluster controller are arranged side by side. A partition plate 1127 is provided in the distribution compartment 1129, and the partition plate 1127 extends along the x direction. One end of the partition plate 1127 can be directly fixed on the compartment door 1126, and the other end is connected to the inner wall of the distribution compartment 1129, dividing the distribution compartment 1129 into an upper space 11291 and a lower space 11292. Devices with higher temperature resistance, such as fuses and some switching devices, are arranged in the upper space 11291, and devices with relatively poor temperature resistance, such as electric meters, CMU (Central Management Unit) and black start boards are arranged in the lower space 11292.

[0055] The compartment door 1126 of the electrical compartment 112 may be disposed at the other side of the electrical compartment 112 , that is, the compartment door 1126 is disposed opposite to the power distribution device 1130 , and the compartment door 1126 is disposed offset from the battery cluster controller 130 . Figure 5The schematic diagram of the structure of the door 1126 is shown, and the door 1126 may be provided with an internal circulation fan 1121 and an external circulation fan 1125. For example, the internal circulation fan 1121 is located in the upper area of ​​the door 1126, the heat exchange core 1124 is located in the middle area of ​​the door 1126, and the external circulation fan 1125 is located in the lower area of ​​the door 1126. Two air ducts are provided inside the heat exchange core 1124, namely, the internal circulation air duct and the external circulation air duct. The internal circulation air duct and the external circulation air duct are adjacently designed, and heat exchange occurs between the internal circulation air duct and the external circulation air duct. The internal circulation air duct and the external circulation air duct are both provided with an air outlet and an air inlet. The internal circulation fan 1121 is provided at the air inlet of the internal circulation air duct, and the external circulation fan 1125 is provided at the air inlet of the external circulation air duct. The position of the air inlet of the internal circulation air duct is higher than the position of the partition plate 1127, and the air outlet of the internal circulation air duct is lower than the position of the partition plate. That is to say, the air inlet of the internal circulation air duct is arranged in the upper space 11291 of the distribution compartment 1129, and the air outlet of the internal circulation air duct is arranged in the lower space 11292 of the distribution compartment.

[0056] Figure 6 The schematic diagram of the structure inside the electrical compartment 112 shows that there is a gap between the top wall of the plurality of battery cluster controllers 130 and the top wall of the electrical compartment 112, and the gap is connected to the upper space 11291 to form a return air duct 1123. The temperature of the cold air flowing through the battery cluster 120 is increased to hot air, and the hot air enters the inner circulation air duct of the heat exchange core 1124 through the gap and the inner circulation fan 1121. The air inlet surface of the inner circulation fan 1121 faces the return air duct 1123, and the hot air blown out from the air outlet surface of the inner circulation fan 1121 can enter the air inlet of the inner circulation air duct of the heat exchange core 1124. The air inlet of the external circulation fan 1125 faces the outside of the energy storage container 100, and the air outlet of the external circulation fan 1125 is connected to the air inlet of the external circulation air duct of the heat exchange core 1124. The cold air from the external environment passes through the air inlet of the external circulation fan 1125, and then enters the external circulation air duct of the heat exchange core 1124 through the air outlet of the external circulation fan 1125. The cold air from the external environment flows through the external circulation air duct inside the heat exchange core 1124, and the hot air passing through the battery cluster controller 130 flows through the internal circulation air duct inside the heat exchange core 1124. The external circulation air duct and the internal circulation air duct are designed to be adjacent to each other, and there is heat exchange. The cold air in the external circulation air duct absorbs the heat of the hot air in the internal circulation air duct and is blown to the outside through the air outlet of the external circulation air duct. The hot air in the internal circulation air duct is cooled down to become cold air and blown out from the air outlet of the internal circulation air duct. Figure 6 The direction of the black arrow is the direction of cold air, and the direction of the gray arrow is the direction of hot air.

[0057] Figure 7 Another structural schematic diagram of the electrical compartment 112 is shown. Figure 7The direction of the black arrow is the direction of cold air, and the direction of the gray arrow is the direction of hot air. There is a gap between the bottom wall of the battery cluster controller 130 and the bottom wall of the electrical compartment 112, and the gap is interconnected with the lower space 11292. The air outlet of the internal circulation air duct is located in the lower space 11292 of the power distribution compartment. The cold air blown out from the air outlet of the internal circulation air duct passes through the gap between the lower space 11292 and the bottom wall of the battery cluster controller 130 and the bottom wall of the energy storage container 100. Then, it enters the heat dissipation air duct inside the battery cluster controller 130 through the air inlet at the bottom of the battery cluster controller 130, dissipates the heat of the battery cluster controller 130, absorbs the heat of the battery cluster controller 130, and forms hot air. The hot air enters the gap between the top wall of the battery cluster controller 130 and the top wall of the energy storage container 100 through the air outlet on the top wall of the battery cluster controller 130 , and then flows to the internal circulation fan 1121 and the heat exchange core 1124 to achieve circulating heat dissipation for the battery cluster controller 130 .

[0058] In order to speed up the air circulation and flow inside the energy storage container 100, a spoiler fan can be provided at the outlet of the inner circulation air duct of the heat exchange core 1124 to pressurize the cold air blown out of the outlet of the inner circulation air duct. Similarly, a heat dissipation channel is formed between the air inlet and the air outlet, and a fan is provided at the air inlet and / or a fan is provided at the air outlet to speed up the gas flow rate inside the battery cluster controller.

[0059] By setting the above-mentioned partition plate 1127 on the warehouse door 1126, the supply air duct 1122 and the return air duct 1123 are separated to prevent the cold air blown out from the air outlet of the inner circulation air duct of the heat exchange core 1124 from flowing to the return air duct 1123 and causing a short circuit. Furthermore, devices with relatively poor temperature resistance, such as an electric meter, a CMU (Central Management Unit) and a black start board, are arranged at the air outlet of the inner circulation air duct. In other words, devices with relatively poor temperature resistance, such as an electric meter, a CMU (Central Management Unit) and a black start board are arranged at the air outlet of the inner circulation air duct. The cold air blown out from the air outlet of the inner circulation air duct dissipates the heat of the aforementioned devices with relatively poor temperature resistance to meet their operating temperature requirements.

[0060] The liquid cooling unit 140 is used to adjust the temperature of the battery cluster 120 , including four thermal management modes: compression cooling, natural cooling, compression heating and electric heating, so as to meet the energy-saving operation requirements of the battery cluster 120 under different thermal demands.

[0061] The specific structure of the liquid cooling unit 140 can be referred to Figure 8As shown. The liquid cooling unit 140 may include a water pump, a compressor, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a throttle valve, a three-way valve, a heat exchanger, a radiator, an electric heater and a four-way valve, etc. The battery pack 121 includes a cold plate and a plurality of batteries. The cold plate contacts the batteries to transfer heat energy. The cold plate here can be a pipe with good thermal conductivity, or any air duct in which the coolant can flow. When the coolant flows through the cold plate, the coolant in the cold plate can transfer heat energy to the battery. For example, the coolant with a lower temperature can absorb the heat energy of the battery with a higher temperature, thereby reducing the battery temperature.

[0062] The refrigerant may be Freon, ammonia, etc., and the coolant may be ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol aqueous solution, water, etc. It should be understood that the above examples of refrigerants and coolants are merely exemplary, and the present application embodiment does not limit the composition of the refrigerant and coolant.

[0063] refer to Figure 9-12 As shown in the schematic diagram of the four working modes of the liquid cooling unit 140, the specific connection mode of each component in the liquid cooling unit 140 is as follows: the outlet of the cold plate is connected to the inlet of the water pump, the outlet of the water pump is also connected to the first port of the radiator, the second port of the first heat exchanger is connected to the first port of the four-way valve, the third port of the first heat exchanger is connected to the first port of the three-way valve, the fourth port of the first heat exchanger is connected to the first port of the throttle valve, the second port of the four-way valve is connected to the inlet of the compressor, the outlet of the compressor is connected to the third port of the four-way valve, the fourth port of the four-way valve is connected to the inlet of the second heat exchanger, the outlet of the second heat exchanger is connected to the second port of the throttle valve, the radiator is in contact with the second heat exchanger, and is used to absorb the heat of the coolant in the second heat exchanger and transfer the heat. The second port of the radiator is connected to the second port of the three-way valve, the third port of the three-way valve is connected to the first port of the electric heater, and the second port of the electric heater is connected to the inlet of the cold plate.

[0064] When adjusting the temperature of the battery cluster 120, the liquid cooling unit 140 includes a total of four cooling circuits. The first cooling circuit includes a battery, a cold plate, a water pump, a first heat exchanger, and a three-way valve. The second cooling circuit includes a battery, a cold plate, a water pump, a radiator, a three-way valve, and an electric heater. The first cooling circuit and the second cooling circuit are the circulation of the coolant in the cold plate. The third cooling circuit includes a first heat exchanger, a throttle valve, a four-way valve, a compressor, and a second heat exchanger. The third cooling circuit is the circulation of the refrigerant. The fourth cooling circuit includes a battery, a cold plate, a water pump, a radiator, a three-way valve, and an electric heater. The fourth cooling circuit is the circulation of the coolant in the cold plate.

[0065] When the outdoor ambient temperature is greater than the first temperature threshold, the temperature of the battery cluster 120 is too high and the battery cluster 120 needs to be cooled. The liquid cooling unit 140 is in the compression cooling mode. At this time, the first cooling circuit and the third cooling circuit are working, and the electric heater is in the off state. The third cooling circuit is the circulation of the refrigerant. Fig. 9 The direction of the black arrow in the middle shows the flow direction of the coolant, and the gray arrow shows the flow direction of the coolant in the cold plate. The coolant flows through the cold plate, takes away the heat generated by the battery charging and discharging, and flows to the first flow channel in the first heat exchanger through the water pump. The inlet of the first flow channel is the first port of the first heat exchanger, and the outlet of the first flow channel is the third port of the first heat exchanger. The compressor compresses the gaseous refrigerant into a high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant. The high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant flows to the second heat exchanger through the four-way valve, liquefies into a liquid refrigerant in the second heat exchanger, and dissipates heat through the radiator at the same time. After reducing the temperature of the liquid coolant, it flows to the throttle valve. The throttle valve reduces the pressure of the liquid refrigerant and flows to the second flow channel of the first heat exchanger. The fourth port of the first heat exchanger is the inlet of the first heat exchanger, and the second port of the first heat exchanger is the outlet of the first heat exchanger. The first flow channel and the second flow channel in the first heat exchanger are designed adjacent to each other. The second flow channel circulates the low-temperature refrigerant, and the first flow channel circulates the coolant with a higher temperature after dissipating heat to the battery. The refrigerant and the coolant exchange heat in the first heat exchanger to cool the coolant. After passing through the first heat exchanger, the coolant flows out from the third port of the first heat exchanger, then flows to the three-way valve, and flows to the battery cold plate through the three-way valve to continue to dissipate heat to the battery. The refrigerant that has absorbed the heat of the coolant flows to the four-way valve through the second port of the first heat exchanger, and then flows to the compressor through the four-way valve. The compressor converts it into a high-temperature and high-pressure gas to form a coolant circulation. The first temperature threshold here can be set according to an empirical value, or it can be the rated maximum safety temperature of the battery, or it can be the maximum temperature at which the battery can work normally calculated based on the current operating status of the energy storage container 100.

[0066] When the outdoor ambient temperature is low, that is, when the outdoor ambient temperature is lower than the second temperature threshold, for example, when the outdoor temperature is lower than 10°C, the compressor does not need to be turned on for cooling, the liquid cooling unit 140 is in the natural cooling mode, and the fourth cooling circuit works. Fig.10 As shown, coolant flows in the cold plate. When the coolant flows through the cold plate of the battery, it takes away the heat generated by the battery, and then flows to the radiator through a water pump. A fan is provided at the radiator. The radiator transfers the heat of the coolant to the external environment through the fan to cool the coolant. The cooled coolant continues to flow to the cold plate through the three-way valve to dissipate heat from the battery, forming a circulation of the coolant.

[0067] When the outdoor temperature is higher than the fourth temperature threshold and lower than the third temperature threshold, for example, when the outdoor temperature is between -10°C and 20°C, the battery cluster 120 needs to be heated to make the temperature of the battery cluster 120 reach a temperature at which normal charging and discharging can be performed. At this time, the liquid cooling unit 140 is in a compression heating working mode, and the positions of the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger can be swapped through the four-way valve of the liquid cooling unit 140 to heat the battery with the coolant. Fig.11 As shown, the black arrow shows the flow direction of the coolant, and the gray arrow shows the flow direction of the coolant in the cold plate. The compressor compresses the liquid cold refrigerant into a high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant, and the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant flows to the second flow channel of the first heat exchanger through the four-way valve. The first heat exchanger includes a first flow channel and a second flow channel. The first flow channel flows the coolant, and the second flow channel and the first flow channel are designed adjacent to each other. The high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant flowing in the second flow channel heats up the coolant in the first flow channel. The heated coolant flows to the three-way valve through the third port of the first heat exchanger, and then flows to the cold plate through the three-way valve to achieve heating of the battery. The temperature of the coolant flowing through the battery cold plate decreases, and it flows through the water pump into the first heat exchanger for continued heating. The refrigerant flowing in the second flow channel is the refrigerant in the first flow channel that is heated up and then has its temperature lowered. It flows from the fourth port of the first heat exchanger to the throttle valve, is depressurized by the throttle valve, flows to the second heat exchanger, and then flows to the compressor through the four-way valve. The compressor compresses the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant into a high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant, which then flows to the first heat exchanger to complete the cycle.

[0068] The water flows to the first flow channel in the first heat exchanger through the water pump, the inlet of the first flow channel is the first port of the first heat exchanger, and the outlet of the first flow channel is the third port of the first heat exchanger. The second temperature threshold here can be set according to an empirical value, or it can be the rated minimum safety temperature of the battery, or it can be the minimum temperature at which the battery can work normally calculated according to the current operating state of the energy storage container 100. Generally speaking, the first temperature threshold is greater than the second temperature threshold.

[0069] When the outdoor temperature in some areas is too low in winter, for example, when the outdoor temperature is -30℃~-10℃, the temperature of the liquid cooling unit 140 is lower than the startup temperature, and the electric heater needs to be turned on to heat the battery cluster 120. At this time, the liquid cooling unit 140 is in the electric heating mode. Its working mode can be referred to Fig.12 As shown, the first cooling circuit is working, the temperature of the coolant flowing through the electric heater is increased, and then flows through the cold plate, thereby heating the battery.

[0070] Based on the same inventive concept, the present application also provides an energy storage system, which includes the above-mentioned energy storage container 100 and a power converter, the power converter is used to convert the AC power output by an external AC power supply into DC power and output it to the energy storage container 100, and / or, the power converter is used to convert the DC power output by the energy storage container 100 into AC power and output it to a load or a power grid.

[0071] The above are only specific implementations of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An energy storage container, characterized in that: The energy storage container includes a battery compartment, an electrical compartment and a temperature control compartment. The battery compartment is used to accommodate a battery cluster, which includes a plurality of battery packs. The electrical compartment is used to accommodate power electronic equipment and a heat exchanger. The temperature control compartment is used to accommodate a liquid cooling unit. The liquid cooling unit is used to adjust the temperature of the battery compartment, and the heat exchanger is used to adjust the temperature of the electrical compartment.

2. The energy storage container according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power electronic device comprises a battery cluster controller and a power distribution device, wherein the power distribution device and the battery cluster controller are arranged in parallel, and the battery cluster controller is used to control the charging and discharging of the battery cluster; The side wall of the electrical warehouse is provided with a warehouse door, the warehouse door is arranged opposite to the power distribution device, the warehouse door and the power distribution device are arranged in a staggered manner, and the heat exchanger is arranged on the warehouse door.

3. The energy storage container according to claim 2, characterized in that: The compartment door is provided with a partition plate, the partition plate and the compartment door are perpendicular to each other, and the partition plate divides the space where the power distribution device is located into an upper space and a lower space; The heat exchanger comprises an inner circulation fan, a heat exchange core and an outer circulation fan, wherein the heat exchange core is provided with an inner circulation air duct and an outer circulation air duct isolated from each other, the inner circulation fan is arranged at the air inlet of the inner circulation air duct, and the outer circulation fan is arranged at the air inlet of the outer circulation air duct; The position of the air inlet of the internal circulation air duct is higher than the position of the partition plate, and the air outlet of the internal circulation air duct is lower than the position of the partition plate.

4. The energy storage container according to claim 3, characterized in that: The battery cluster controller is connected to the partition plate on the outer wall facing the power distribution device, a gap exists between the top wall of the battery cluster controller and the top wall of the electrical compartment, and a gap exists between the bottom wall of the battery cluster and the bottom wall of the electrical compartment; A gap between a top wall of a battery cluster controller and a top wall of the electrical compartment is communicated with the upper space, and a gap between a bottom wall of the battery cluster and a bottom wall of the electrical compartment is communicated with the lower space.

5. The energy storage container according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bottom wall of the battery cluster controller is provided with an air inlet, and the top wall of the battery cluster controller is provided with an air outlet. A heat dissipation channel is formed between the air inlet and the air outlet. A fan is provided at the air inlet, and / or a fan is provided at the air outlet.

6. The energy storage container according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that: The power distribution devices include switch devices, electric meters, CMUs and black start control boards; The switch device is arranged in the upper space, and the electric meter, the CMU and the black start control board are arranged in the lower space; The electric meter, the CMU and the black start control board are arranged at the air outlet of the internal circulation air duct.

7. The energy storage container according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that: A spoiler fan is provided at the air outlet of the inner circulation air duct.

8. The energy storage container according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The electrical compartment and the temperature control compartment are arranged in sequence along the height direction of the energy storage container.

9. The energy storage container according to claim 8, characterized in that: The temperature control compartment and the battery compartment are arranged in sequence along the length direction of the energy storage container.

10. The energy storage container according to claim 9, characterized in that: The temperature control compartment and the electrical compartment are located on the same side of the battery compartment.

11. The energy storage container according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that: There are a plurality of battery clusters and a plurality of battery cluster controllers, the plurality of battery clusters correspond to the plurality of battery cluster controllers one-to-one, and the plurality of battery cluster controllers are arranged in sequence along the width direction of the energy storage container.

12. An energy storage system, characterized in that: The energy storage system comprises the energy storage container and the power converter as described in any one of claims 1 to 11 above, wherein the power converter is used to convert the AC power output by an external AC power source into DC power and output it to the energy storage container, and / or the power converter is used to convert the DC power output by the energy storage container into AC power and output it to a load or a power grid.

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