Digital-to-analog conversion circuit, PCB and vehicle
By designing a digital-to-analog conversion circuit, multiple digital input signals are converted into a single analog input signal, the problem of insufficient digital input channels in the control box of a special vehicle for new energy is solved, and the function expansion and application range are improved, while reducing system cost and complexity.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421875226.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-05
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-16
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-08-05
AI Technical Summary
In the control box for special vehicles for new energy, there are many signals, far exceeding the number of digital input channels of traditional controllers, resulting in insufficient digital input channels, limiting the functional expansion and application scenarios of the control box.
A digital-to-analog conversion circuit is designed to convert multiple digital input signals into a single analog input signal through a digital signal receiving module and a conversion module, making full use of the controller's analog input channel.
It effectively overcomes the problem of insufficient digital input channels, expands the functional expansion and application scope of the control box, and reduces system cost and complexity.
Smart Images
Figure CN222884667U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of digital-analog conversion, in particular to a digital-analog conversion circuit, a PCB board and a vehicle. Background Art
[0002] With the rapid development and popularization of new energy special vehicles, the functional requirements of the upper-mounted control boxes of special vehicles are also increasing. As an important control device for the upper-mounted part of special vehicles, the control box is responsible for controlling various upper-mounted function instructions of the vehicle. However, with the continuous expansion of upper-mounted functions, the number of input signals required by the control box is also gradually increasing, especially in new energy special vehicles under complex working conditions. The demand for upper-mounted instruction input has exploded.
[0003] Traditional low-cost controllers can usually only accept a limited number of digital input signals. However, in the control box of new energy special vehicles, the number of signals that need to be monitored is large, far exceeding the number of original digital input channels of the controller. This leads to the problem of insufficient digital input channels, which greatly limits the function expansion and application scenarios of the control box. Utility Model Content
[0004] In view of the above problems, the present application provides a digital-to-analog conversion circuit, a PCB board and a vehicle, which can convert multiple digital input signals into a single analog input channel without increasing too much cost, thereby making full use of the analog input channel of the controller and solving the problem of insufficient digital input channels. The number of digital input pins can be increased as needed, expanding the expansion and application scope of the control box function.
[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a digital-to-analog conversion circuit, which is applied to convert multiple input digital signals into a single input analog signal, including:
[0006] A digital signal receiving module, configured to receive an input of at least one input digital signal from among multiple input digital signals in response to an input operation by a user;
[0007] The conversion module is connected to the digital signal receiving module, converts at least one input digital signal into analog signals representing different resistance values, and outputs the analog signals representing different resistance values to the controller.
[0008] In a possible implementation, the digital signal receiving module is a pin interface connected to different switches, and the conversion module is formed by connecting identification resistors of different resistance values to pin interfaces connected to different switches.
[0009] In one possible implementation, when the digital signal receiving module is a pin interface connected to at least one two-speed knob switch or button switch, each identification resistor is connected in series, one end of the series-connected identification resistor is grounded, and the other end is connected to the controller, and the pin interface connected to each two-speed knob switch or button switch is connected in parallel with each identification resistor in series.
[0010] In one possible implementation, when the digital signal receiving module is a pin interface connected to at least one three-speed knob switch, the pin interface connected to each three-speed knob switch corresponds to two identification resistors, each identification resistor is connected in series, one end of the series-connected identification resistor is grounded, and the other end is connected to the controller, and the pin interface connected to each three-speed knob switch forms a parallel connection with the corresponding two identification resistors in series.
[0011] In one possible implementation, when the digital signal receiving module is a pin interface connected to a lever switch with more than four gears or a knob switch with more than four gears, each identification resistor is connected in parallel, and one end of the parallel-connected identification resistor is grounded through the pin interface connected to a lever switch with more than four gears or a knob switch with more than four gears, and the other end is connected to the controller.
[0012] In a possible implementation, a current limiting module is further included. The current limiting module is arranged between the conversion module and the controller to limit the current flowing into the controller.
[0013] In a possible implementation manner, the current limiting module is a current limiting resistor.
[0014] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a PCB board, including a board body, on which is provided at least one layout area for arranging circuits as in various possible implementation embodiments of the first aspect.
[0015] In a possible implementation, the arrangement areas are arranged in parallel.
[0016] In the third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle, comprising at least one switch, a PCB board and a controller as each possible embodiment of the second aspect, wherein the switch is connected to a pin interface corresponding to the PCB board, and the PCB board is connected to the controller. When the switch is turned on, the controller identifies the currently turned on switch by detecting the different resistance values of the analog signal input pins on the PCB board, so that the controller generates a control instruction to execute the function corresponding to the currently turned on switch.
[0017] The beneficial effect of the present application is that the present application realizes the expansion and conversion of digital input signals through a simple and effective circuit design, and provides reliable technical support for the functional enhancement of the control box installed on new energy special vehicles. At the same time, the PCB design of the device is compact and low-cost, and it is easy to integrate into the existing control box system or a separate control box, and has good practicality and market application prospects. Specifically, compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages: (a) The controller of the present application uses analog input pins to receive signals and converts multiple digital input signals into a single analog input signal, effectively overcoming the limitation of the limited number of digital input pins of the original controller, thereby solving the problem of insufficient digital input channels; (b) The present application realizes the expansion and conversion of digital input signals by introducing a dedicated PCB circuit design on the control box or in a separate control box, thereby improving the flexibility and scalability of the system, and can easily cope with the input signal requirements in different scenarios, making the system easier to customize and upgrade, and having a wider range of applications; (c) Compared with traditional solutions such as hardware upgrades or replacement of controllers, the present application requires smaller changes, has a compact circuit design, low cost, and does not introduce additional system complexity, which can effectively reduce the cost and complexity of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a digital-to-analog conversion circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application;
[0019] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a two-speed switch digital-to-analog conversion circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application;
[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a three-speed knob switch digital-to-analog conversion circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application;
[0021] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a digital-to-analog conversion circuit of a four-speed lever switch provided in an embodiment of the present application;
[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a PCB board provided in an embodiment of the present application;
[0023] Figure 6 This is a structural block diagram of a digital-to-analog conversion circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application applied to a vehicle;
[0024] Figure 7 This is a flow chart of a control method for applying a digital-to-analog conversion circuit to a vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field belong to the scope of protection of the present application.
[0026] The terms used in the implementation section of this application are only used to explain the specific embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application.
[0027] It should be noted that the modifications of "one" and "plurality" mentioned in the present application are illustrative rather than restrictive, and those skilled in the art should understand that unless otherwise clearly indicated in the context, it should be understood as "one or more".
[0028] The embodiments of the present application are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, with the development of technology and the emergence of new scenarios, the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application are also applicable to similar technical problems.
[0029] See also Figure 1 As shown, the embodiment of the present application discloses a digital-to-analog conversion circuit, which is applied to convert multiple input digital signals into a single input analog signal, including:
[0030] The digital signal receiving module 101 is used to receive at least one input digital signal from multiple input digital signals in response to a user's input operation;
[0031] The conversion module 102 is connected to the digital signal receiving module, converts at least one input digital signal into analog signals representing different resistance values, and outputs the analog signals representing different resistance values to the controller.
[0032] The digital signal may be generated by a knob switch, a button switch or a lever switch, which is not specifically limited herein.
[0033] In the above-mentioned embodiment steps, the digital signal generated by the knob switch, button switch or lever switch is input to the digital signal receiving module 101, and the digital signal receiving module 101 is electrically connected to the conversion module 102, converting the digital signal into a single-channel analog signal representing different resistance values, and outputting the single-channel analog signal representing different resistance values to the controller. The controller can detect the different resistance values of the single-channel analog signal, that is, it can identify which input digital signal is responding, so that the controller generates a control instruction to execute the function represented by the corresponding input digital signal. As a result, the present application can realize the conversion of multiple digital input signals into a single analog input channel without increasing too much cost, thereby making full use of the analog input channel of the controller, solving the problem of insufficient digital input channels, and increasing the number of digital input pins as needed, thereby expanding the expansion and application scope of the control box function.
[0034] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the digital signal receiving module is a pin interface connected to different switches, and the conversion module is formed by connecting identification resistors of different resistance values to pin interfaces connected to different switches.
[0035] It should be noted that the digital signal can be generated by a knob switch, a button switch or a lever switch, etc. In order to realize the input of the digital signal, the pins of the knob switch, the button switch or the lever switch are connected to the pin interface on the digital signal receiving module that is connected to the corresponding switch. Specifically, in the present application, the connection can be made through a connector with a foolproof design. Furthermore, the identification resistors of different resistance values are electrically connected to the pin interfaces connected to different switches to form a conversion module, the purpose of which is to realize the conversion of multiple digital input signals into a single analog signal of different resistance values.
[0036] In an optional embodiment of the present application, when the digital signal receiving module is a pin interface connected to at least one two-speed knob switch or button switch, each identification resistor is connected in series, one end of the series-connected identification resistor is grounded, and the other end is connected to the controller, and the pin interface connected to each two-speed knob switch or button switch is connected in parallel with each identification resistor in series.
[0037] See also Figure 2As shown, a schematic diagram of two two-speed switch digital-to-analog conversion circuits is provided as an example. Specifically, there are two digital input signals on one analog signal acquisition channel, namely, K1 and K2 buttons (two two-speed knob switches or two push button switches). The R1 resistor acts as a current limiting resistor to limit the maximum current of the analog signal acquisition channel. R2 and R3 are the identification resistors of the K1 and K2 buttons, respectively. When the K1 button is pressed, R2 is short-circuited, and the resistance read by AI_1 is R1+R3; when the K2 button is pressed, R1 is short-circuited, and the resistance read by AI_1 is R1+R2; when the K1 and K2 buttons are pressed at the same time, R1 and R2 are both short-circuited, and the resistance read by A1_1 is R1; when neither the K1 nor the K2 buttons are pressed, the resistance read by AI_1 is R1+R2+R3. By combining different resistors, the controller can identify the currently pressed button and execute the corresponding function. The above design can convert two digital input signal pins into one analog input signal pin, reducing the demand for digital pins. The resistance values and corresponding exemplary functions are shown in the following table:
[0038]
[0039] In an optional embodiment of the present application, when the digital signal receiving module is a pin interface connected to at least one three-speed knob switch, the pin interface connected to each three-speed knob switch corresponds to two identification resistors, each identification resistor is connected in series, one end of the series-connected identification resistor is grounded, and the other end is connected to the controller, and the pin interface connected to each three-speed knob switch forms a parallel connection with the corresponding two identification resistors in series.
[0040] See also Figure 3 As shown, a schematic diagram of a three-speed rotary switch digital-to-analog conversion circuit is provided as an example. Specifically, there are two digital input signals on one analog signal acquisition channel, namely, the a and b functions of the K3 button (three-speed rotary switch). The R4 resistor acts as a current limiting resistor to limit the maximum current of the analog acquisition channel. R5 and R6 are identification resistors for the a and b functions of the K3 buttons, respectively. When the K3 button a is turned on, R5 is short-circuited, and the resistance read by AI_2 is R4+R6; when the K3 button b is turned on, R6 is short-circuited, and the resistance read by AI_2 is R4+R5; when both a and b of the K3 button are not turned on, that is, when the K3 button c is turned on, the resistance read by AI_2 is R1+R2+R3. By combining different resistors, the controller can identify the currently pressed button and execute the corresponding function. The above design can convert the pins of two digital input signals into the pins of one analog input signal, reducing the demand for digital pins, where the resistance values and corresponding exemplary functions are shown in the following table:
[0041]
[0042]
[0043] In an optional embodiment of the present application, when the digital signal receiving module is a pin interface connected to a lever switch with more than four gears or a knob switch with more than four gears, each identification resistor is connected in parallel, and one end of the parallel-connected identification resistor is grounded through the pin interface connected to a lever switch with more than four gears or a knob switch with more than four gears, and the other end is connected to the controller.
[0044] See also Figure 4 As shown, a schematic diagram of a digital-to-analog conversion circuit of a four-speed lever switch is provided as an example. Specifically, there are four digital input signals on one analog signal acquisition channel, namely, the a, b, c, and d functions of the K4 button, and R7-R10 are the identification resistors of the ad functions of the K4 button, respectively. When the K4 button a is turned on, the resistance read by AI_3 is R7; when the K4 button b is turned on, the resistance read by AI_3 is R8; when the K4 button c is turned on, the resistance read by AI_3 is R9; when the K4 button d is turned on, the resistance read by AI_3 is R10; when the K4 button e is turned on, the resistance read by A1_3 is infinite. By reading the resistance values of different resistors, the controller can identify the currently pressed button and execute the corresponding function. The above design can convert the pins of four digital input signals into the pins of one analog input signal, reducing the demand for digital pins, where the resistance values and corresponding exemplary functions are shown in the following table:
[0045] button Resistance Example functions K4_a 120Ω Fog cannon upward rotation K4_b 330Ω Mist cannon down K4_c 560Ω Fog cannon turn left K4_d 820Ω Mist cannon turn right none ∞Ω No Action
[0046] In an optional embodiment of the present application, a current limiting module is further included. The current limiting module is arranged between the conversion module and the controller to limit the current flowing into the controller.
[0047] It should be noted that in the circuit, if the current is too large, it may cause damage to the components. Therefore, a current limiting module is set in this application, which is set in series between the conversion module and the controller. It can limit the current flowing into the controller and limit the maximum current of the analog signal acquisition channel, thereby preventing excessive current from burning out the components connected in series and protecting the components in the circuit.
[0048] Furthermore, in an optional embodiment of the present application, the current limiting module is a current limiting resistor, wherein the resistance value of the current limiting resistor can be set according to actual needs, and in the present application, the current limiting resistor is set to 120Ω.
[0049] See also Figure 5As shown, an embodiment of the present application discloses a PCB board, including a board body 501, on which is provided at least one arrangement area 502, 503, 504, 505 for arranging the digital-to-analog conversion circuit provided by the aforementioned circuit embodiment.
[0050] It should be noted that the PCB board is provided with an interface for connecting the analog signal output pin and the digital signal input pin of the controller. When a certain digital signal input signal is true, that is, a certain switch or button is turned on, the fixed resistance corresponding to the digital signal is short-circuited or connected, thereby causing the actual resistance value on the analog signal input pin to change. The controller can identify which input digital signal is responding by detecting the different resistance values on the analog signal output pin, thereby executing the function corresponding to the corresponding switch or button.
[0051] For the specific structure of the above-mentioned digital-to-analog conversion circuit, reference may be made to the corresponding contents disclosed in the aforementioned embodiments, which will not be elaborated here.
[0052] In an optional embodiment of the present application, at least one arrangement area 502 , 503 , 504 , 505 is arranged in parallel.
[0053] It should be noted that by arranging the areas in parallel and setting appropriate spacing, it is possible to achieve simple isolation of the physical structure of the circuit board design and avoid mutual interference and influence between signals.
[0054] It should be further explained that the terminals selected for C1-C8 in the PCB board all support special designs of anti-reverse insertion and anti-loosening; and the terminals used in C2-C7 are designed to be universal, so the terminals of C2-C7 can be interchanged with each other, and the terminals of C2-C7 can be used individually or all of them; the terminals of C2-C7 can support the use of attached Figure 2 In this case, it is also possible to use the attached Figure 3 situation; Since C1 and C8 support different functions, the number and structure of terminal PINs of C1 (2×4), C8 (2×3), and C2-C7 (2×2) are different, and they do not support mutual exchange, thus avoiding the possibility of wrong insertion to the greatest extent; In order to improve the stability and anti-interference ability of the circuit structure, thick film resistors with high withstand voltage, large package size, and high resistance accuracy are selected for the chip resistor models, and the main GND loop is widened.
[0055] See also Figure 6As shown, an embodiment of the present application discloses a vehicle 600, comprising at least one switch 601, a PCB board 602 provided in the aforementioned embodiment, and a controller 603, wherein the switch 601 is connected to a pin interface corresponding to the PCB board 602, and the PCB board 602 is connected to the controller 603. When the switch 601 is turned on, the controller 603 identifies the currently turned on switch by detecting the different resistance values of the analog signal input pins on the PCB board 602, so that the controller 603 generates a control instruction to execute the function corresponding to the currently turned on switch.
[0056] It should be noted that the switch 601 and the PCB board 602 can be integrated into one control box, and the PCB board 602 can also be separately set in a control box, which is not specifically limited here.
[0057] For the specific structure of the PCB board, reference may be made to the corresponding contents disclosed in the aforementioned embodiments, which will not be described in detail here.
[0058] See also Figure 7 As shown, a flow chart of a control method for applying a digital-to-analog conversion circuit to a vehicle is provided, and the specific control method is shown in the following steps:
[0059] Step 1: Connect low voltage power to the vehicle, and initialize the controller to configure the input analog pins that need to be read;
[0060] Step 2: After initializing the analog input pins, read the resistance values of each channel of the C1 port in the digital-to-analog conversion PCB board through the analog pins;
[0061] Step 3: When the switch operating the valve function is closed, the circuit changes from an open circuit state to a loop state, and the resistance value in the circuit changes from infinity to a fixed value;
[0062] Step 4: The controller determines the resistance range by judging the size of the resistance. When the resistance is infinite, the controller does not perform any valve function operations and continues to read the pin resistance values on each channel. When the resistance is not infinite, the controller determines the range of the resistance read by the current channel and performs the valve function operation corresponding to the resistance range.
[0063] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.
[0064] The above is a detailed introduction to a digital-to-analog conversion circuit, a PCB board and a vehicle provided by the present application. Specific examples are used in this article to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present application and its core idea; at the same time, for general technicians in this field, according to the idea of the present application, there will be changes in the specific implementation method and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.
Claims
1. A digital-to-analog conversion circuit, used for converting multiple input digital signals into a single input analog signal, characterized in that: include: A digital signal receiving module, used for receiving an input of at least one input digital signal from among multiple input digital signals in response to an input operation of a user; A conversion module is connected to the digital signal receiving module, converts at least one input digital signal into an analog signal representing different resistance values, and outputs the analog signal representing different resistance values to the controller; wherein, The digital signal receiving module is a pin interface connected with different switches, and the conversion module is formed by connecting identification resistors with different resistance values with the pin interfaces connected with different switches.
2. The circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that When the digital signal receiving module is a pin interface connected to at least one two-speed knob switch or button switch, each of the identification resistors is connected in series, one end of the series-connected identification resistor is grounded, and the other end is connected to the controller, and the pin interface connected to each of the two-speed knob switch or button switch is connected in parallel with each of the identification resistors in series.
3. The circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that When the digital signal receiving module is a pin interface connected to at least one three-speed knob switch, the pin interface connected to each of the three-speed knob switches corresponds to two of the identification resistors, each of the identification resistors is connected in series, one end of the series-connected identification resistor is grounded, and the other end is connected to the controller, and the pin interface connected to each of the three-speed knob switches forms a parallel connection with the corresponding two identification resistors in series.
4. The circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that When the digital signal receiving module is a pin interface connected to a lever switch with more than four gears or a knob switch with more than four gears, each of the identification resistors is connected in parallel, and one end of the parallel-connected identification resistor is grounded through the pin interface connected to a lever switch with more than four gears or a knob switch with more than four gears, and the other end is connected to the controller.
5. The circuit according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: It also includes a current limiting module, which is arranged between the conversion module and the controller to limit the current flowing into the controller.
6. The circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that The current limiting module is a current limiting resistor.
7. A PCB board, characterized in that: The invention comprises a board body, on which is provided at least one arrangement area for arranging the circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. The PCB board according to claim 7, characterized in that: The arrangement areas are arranged in parallel.
9. A vehicle, characterized in that: The invention comprises at least one switch, a PCB board as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 8, and a controller, wherein the switch is connected to a pin interface corresponding to the PCB board, and the PCB board is connected to the controller. When the switch is turned on, the controller identifies the currently turned on switch by detecting different resistance values of analog signal input pins on the PCB board, so that the controller generates a control instruction to execute a function corresponding to the currently turned on switch.