Protection circuit of power supply inlet and vehicle

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of circuit design, in particular to a protection circuit of a power supply inlet and a vehicle, which comprises an anti-reverse connection unit, a voltage suppression unit and an energy storage unit, one end of the anti-reverse-connection unit is connected with a battery, the other end of the anti-reverse-connection unit is connected with one end of the voltage suppression unit and then connected with one end of the energy storage unit, and the other end of the anti-reverse-connection unit is further used for being connected with a load; the other end of the voltage suppression unit and the other end of the energy storage unit are grounded; the reverse connection prevention unit is used for preventing current from flowing through the line when the voltage polarity is reversely connected; and the voltage suppression unit is used for clamping high voltage in a voltage range which can be borne by a rear-end device. The power supply inlet protection circuit has the advantages of few electronic devices, simple circuit structure and low cost, and can protect various devices at the power supply inlet with low cost, thereby preventing the various devices at the power supply inlet from being damaged by extreme voltage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of circuit design, in particular to a protection circuit for a power supply inlet and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] At present, in - vehicle electronic control units (ECUs) are all powered by the vehicle body battery. However, in the actual application process, the voltage at both ends of the battery is not stable and pure. For example, at the moment of ignition start, when an inductive load is disconnected, etc., the waveform at both ends of the battery will deteriorate, resulting in a transient high voltage in the voltage supplied by the battery to the ECU. Therefore, for driving safety, some protection circuits must be added at the power supply inlet of the ECU to protect the subsequent electrical equipment, especially the power supply. However, the existing protection circuits for the power supply inlet have problems of complex structure and high cost. Summary of the Utility Model

[0003] The utility model aims to overcome the problems of complex structure and high cost of the existing protection circuit for the power supply inlet.

[0004] The utility model is realized as follows:

[0005] In a first aspect, the utility model provides a protection circuit for a power supply inlet, including: an anti - reverse connection unit, a voltage suppression unit, and an energy storage unit;

[0006] One end of the anti - reverse connection unit is connected to the battery, and after the other end of the anti - reverse connection unit is connected to one end of the voltage suppression unit and then to one end of the energy storage unit, the other end of the anti - reverse connection unit is also used to connect to the load, and the other ends of the voltage suppression unit and the energy storage unit are both grounded;

[0007] The anti - reverse connection unit is used to prevent current from flowing through the circuit when the voltage polarity is reversed;

[0008] The voltage suppression unit is used to clamp the high voltage within the voltage range that the subsequent devices can withstand.

[0009] Further, the anti - reverse connection unit is an anti - reverse connection diode, the positive electrode of the anti - reverse connection diode is connected to the battery, the negative electrode of the anti - reverse connection diode is connected to one end of the voltage suppression unit and then to one end of the energy storage unit, and the negative electrode of the anti - reverse connection diode is used to connect to the load.

[0010] Further, the current - passing capacity of the anti - reverse connection diode is greater than the sum of the currents of all subsequent loads.

[0011] Further, the reverse voltage withstand value of the anti - reverse connection diode is higher than the maximum voltage value specified in the reverse connection experiment.

[0012] Further, the model number of the reverse connection prevention diode is 1N4148.

[0013] Further, the voltage suppression unit is a transient voltage suppression diode. The positive electrode of the transient voltage suppression diode is grounded, and the negative electrode of the transient voltage suppression diode is connected to the other end of the reverse connection prevention unit.

[0014] Further, the energy storage unit is a capacitor.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present utility model provides a vehicle, including a battery, at least one load, and a protection circuit for the power supply inlet described in the first aspect; the protection circuit for the power supply inlet includes: a reverse connection prevention unit, a voltage suppression unit, and an energy storage unit;

[0016] One end of the reverse connection prevention unit is connected to the battery. After the other end of the reverse connection prevention unit is connected to one end of the voltage suppression unit, it is then connected to one end of the energy storage unit. Moreover, the other end of the reverse connection prevention unit is also connected to at least one load. The other end of the voltage suppression unit and the other end of the energy storage unit are both grounded;

[0017] The reverse connection prevention unit is configured to prevent current from flowing through the circuit when the voltage polarity is reversely connected;

[0018] The voltage suppression unit is configured to clamp the high voltage within the voltage range that the backend device can withstand.

[0019] Further, the at least one load includes at least one of a DC-DC circuit, a key signal detection circuit, and a signal sampling circuit.

[0020] Further, the vehicle further includes one or more of a lidar, a global positioning system, an optical camera, a thermal camera, an ultrasonic sensor, and a ranging sensor.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present utility model are as follows:

[0022] The present utility model provides a protection circuit for a power supply inlet, which has few electronic components, a simple circuit structure, and a low cost. It can protect various devices at the power supply inlet at a low cost, thereby avoiding damage to various devices at the power supply inlet by extreme voltages. This protection circuit can also meet the requirements of the load dump test and the voltage polarity reverse connection test, and has high reliability. Description of the Drawings

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a schematic top view structural diagram of a vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of a partial control device of a vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a schematic circuit diagram of a protection circuit for a first power inlet provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 It is a schematic circuit diagram of a protection circuit for a second power inlet provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 It is a schematic circuit diagram of a protection circuit for a third power inlet provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 It is a schematic circuit diagram of a protection circuit for a fourth power inlet provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the protection circuit and surrounding components provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0032] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Unless the context otherwise requires, throughout the specification and claims, the term "comprising" is to be construed in an open - inclusive sense, i.e., "including, but not limited to". In the description of the specification, terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "exemplary embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" are intended to indicate that specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics related to the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. The schematic representations of the above - mentioned terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. In addition, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be included in any one or more embodiments or examples in any appropriate manner. That is, although they may be carried in the embodiments or examples of the above - mentioned terms due to reasons such as the order and position of appearance, there is no limitation that they can be carried by one embodiment or example in a combined manner.

[0034] In the description of the present utility model, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure, unless otherwise stated, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more. In addition, for example, in the description, for the same type of nouns, the method of adding "A" and "B" at the end is used to describe them as two independent individuals. In this case, the features defined with "A" and "B" are only used for the purpose of distinguishing similar individuals and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features.

[0035] In the description of some embodiments, expressions such as "coupled", "coupled to", and "connected" and their derivatives may be used. For example, in the description of some embodiments, the term "connected" may be used to indicate that two or more components have direct physical contact or electrical contact with each other. Another example is that in the description of some embodiments, the term "coupled to" may be used to indicate that two or more components have direct physical contact or electrical contact. However, the term "connected" or "coupled" may also mean that two or more components do not have direct contact with each other but still cooperate or interact with each other, such as "optical path coupling", "wireless connection", etc. The embodiments disclosed herein are not necessarily limited to the content of the present utility model.

[0036] In the description of the present utility model, the expression "A and / or B" (where A and B are used to formally represent specific feature contents) is involved, and the corresponding expression includes the following three combinations: only A, only B, and the combination of A and B.

[0037] As used herein, "about", "substantially" or "approximate" includes the recited value and an average within an acceptable deviation range of a particular value, where the acceptable deviation range is determined by one of ordinary skill in the art in view of the measurements being discussed and the errors associated with the measurement of a particular quantity (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system).

[0038] The protection circuit of the power supply inlet provided by the present utility model is applied to a vehicle.

[0039] Figure 1 and Figure 2 FIG. depicts an exemplary vehicle 100 including an automotive camera 102. Figure 1 FIG. presents a side view of the exemplary vehicle 100, while Figure 2 FIG. presents a top view of the exemplary vehicle 100. The exemplary automotive camera 102 is mounted on the surface of the exemplary vehicle 100 (e.g., the roof surface), and may also be at the top of the windshield inside the vehicle, or on both sides of the vehicle near the front tires. The exemplary automotive camera 102 measures the distance to an object surrounding the vehicle 100 by means of image recognition.

[0040] As Figure 1 depicted therein, the vehicle 100 generally includes a chassis 12, a body 14, front wheels 16, and rear wheels 18. The body 14 is disposed on the chassis 12 and generally encloses the components of the vehicle 100. The body 14 and the chassis 12 may together form a frame. The wheels 16 to 18 are each rotatably coupled to the chassis 12 near a respective corner of the body 14.

[0041] In various embodiments, the vehicle 100 is an autonomous vehicle. An autonomous vehicle is, for example, a vehicle that is automatically controlled to transport passengers from one location to another. However, it should be understood that the vehicle 100 may also be any other means of transportation including motorcycles, trucks, sport utility vehicles (SUVs), recreation vehicles (RVs), ships, aircraft, etc.

[0042] In an exemplary embodiment, the autonomous vehicle corresponds to a level four or level five automation system under the classification of the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) "J3016" standard. Using this terminology, a level four system indicates "high automation", which refers to a driving mode in which the autonomous driving system performs all aspects of the dynamic driving task, even if the human driver does not respond appropriately to an intervention request. On the other hand, a level five system indicates "full automation", which refers to a driving mode in which the autonomous driving system performs comprehensively in all aspects of the dynamic driving task under all road and environmental conditions that can be managed by a human driver. However, it should be understood that the embodiments according to this subject matter are not limited to any specific taxonomy or title of the automation category. Additionally, the system according to this embodiment can be used in combination with any vehicle in which this subject matter can be implemented, regardless of the autonomy level of the vehicle.

[0043] As Figure 1 shown, vehicle 100 generally includes a propulsion system 21, a transmission system 22, a steering system 24, a braking system 26, a sensor system 28 (as Figure 3 shown), an actuator system 30 (as Figure 3 shown), at least one data storage device 32, at least one controller 34, and a communication system 36. The propulsion system 21 can include an internal combustion engine, an electric motor such as a traction motor, and / or a fuel cell propulsion system in various embodiments. The transmission system 22 is configured to transfer power from the propulsion system 21 to the wheels 16 and 18 according to selectable speed ratios. According to various embodiments, the transmission system 22 can include a stepped ratio automatic transmission, a continuously variable transmission, or other suitable transmissions.

[0044] The braking system 26 is configured to provide braking torque to the wheels 16 and 18. In various embodiments, the braking system 26 can include friction brakes, brake-by-wire systems, regenerative braking systems such as electric motors, and / or other suitable braking systems.

[0045] The steering system 24 affects the position of the wheels 16 and / or 18. Although depicted as including a steering wheel 25 for illustrative purposes, in some embodiments contemplated by the present invention, the steering system 24 may not include a steering wheel.

[0046] The sensor system 28 includes one or more sensing devices 40a to 40n that sense observable conditions of the external environment and / or the internal environment of the autonomous vehicle (such as the state of one or more occupants) and generate sensor data related to the conditions. The sensing devices 40a - 40n may include, but are not limited to, radar (e.g., long-range, mid-range - short-range), lidar, global positioning system, optical cameras (e.g., front-view, 360-degree, rear-view, side-view, stereo, etc.), thermal cameras (e.g., infrared cameras), ultrasonic sensors, range sensors (e.g., encoders), and / or other sensors that may be utilized in conjunction with the systems and methods of the present subject matter.

[0047] The actuator system 30 includes one or more actuator devices 42a to 42n that control one or more vehicle features, such as but not limited to the propulsion system 21, the transmission system 22, the steering system 24, and the braking system 26. In various embodiments, the autonomous vehicle may also include Figure 1 interior and / or exterior vehicle features not described herein, such as various doors, trunks, and cab features such as radios, music, lighting, touch screen display components (such as those used in connection with a navigation system).

[0048] The data storage device 32 stores data for the automatic control of the autonomous vehicle. In various embodiments, the data storage device 32 stores a predefined map of a navigable environment. In various embodiments, the predefined map may be predefined by a remote system and obtained from the remote system. For example, the predefined map may be assembled by the remote system and transmitted (wirelessly and / or in a wired manner) to the autonomous vehicle and stored in the data storage device 32. Route information may also be stored within the data storage device 32, a set of road segments (geographically associated with one or more predefined maps) that together define a route that a user may take from a starting location (e.g., the user's current location) to a target location. As will be appreciated, the data storage device 32 may be part of the controller 34, separate from the controller 34, or part of the controller 34 and part of a separate system.

[0049] The controller 34 includes at least one processor 44 and a computer-readable storage device or medium 46. The processor 44 can be any custom or commercially available processor, central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit (GPU), application specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, auxiliary processor among a number of processors associated with the controller 34, semiconductor-based microprocessor (in the form of a microchip or chipset), any combination thereof, or any device commonly used to execute instructions. The computer-readable storage device or medium 46 can include, for example, volatile and non-volatile storage devices such as read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), and keep alive memory (KAM). KAM is a persistent or non-volatile memory that can be used to store various operating variables when the processor 44 is powered down. The computer-readable storage device or medium 46 can be implemented using any one of a number of known memories such as programmable read-only memory (PROM), electrically programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, or any other electrical, magnetic, optical, or combination memory device capable of storing data, some of which represents executable instructions used by the controller 34 to control the autonomous vehicle.

[0050] The instructions can include one or more separate programs, each program including an ordered list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions. When executed by the processor 44, the instructions receive and process signals (e.g., sensor data) from the sensor system 28, execute logic, computations, methods, and / or algorithms for automatically controlling components of the autonomous vehicle 10, and generate control signals that are transmitted to the actuator system 30 to automatically control components of the autonomous vehicle based on the logic, computations, methods, and / or algorithms. Although Figure 1Only one controller 34 is shown, but embodiments of the autonomous vehicle can include any number of controllers 34 that communicate and cooperate via any suitable communication medium or combination of communication mediums to process sensor signals, execute logic, computations, methods, and / or algorithms, and generate control signals to automatically control the features of the autonomous vehicle.

[0051] The communication system 36 is configured to wirelessly transmit information to or receive information from other entities 48, such as but not limited to other vehicles ("V2V" communication), infrastructure ("V2I" communication), networks ("V2N" communication), pedestrians ("V2P" communication), remote transportation systems, and / or user devices. In an exemplary embodiment, the communication system 36 is a wireless communication system configured to communicate via a wireless local area network (WLAN) using the IEEE 802.11 standard or via cellular data communication. However, additional or alternative communication methods, such as dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) channels, are also considered within the scope of the present disclosure. A DSRC channel refers to a one-way or two-way short-range to medium-range wireless communication channel specifically designed for automotive use and a corresponding set of protocols and standards.

[0052] According to various embodiments, the controller 34 implements an autonomous driving system (ADS) 70 as shown in Figure 3 . That is, suitable software and / or hardware components of the controller 34 (e.g., the processor 44 and the computer-readable storage device 46) are utilized to provide the autonomous driving system 70 for use in conjunction with the vehicle 100.

[0053] In various embodiments, the instructions of the autonomous driving system 70 can be organized by function or system. For example, as shown in Figure 3 , the autonomous driving system 70 can include a perception system 74, a positioning system 76, a path planning system 78, and a vehicle control system 80. As can be appreciated, in various embodiments, since the present disclosure is not limited to this example, the instructions can be organized (e.g., combined, further divided, etc.) into any number of systems.

[0054] In various embodiments, the perception system 74 synthesizes and processes the acquired sensor data and predicts the presence, location, classification, and / or path of objects and the characteristics of the environment of the vehicle 100. In various embodiments, the perception system 74 can incorporate information from multiple sensors (e.g., the sensor system 28), including but not limited to automotive cameras, microwave radars, lidars, radars, and / or any number of other types of sensors.

[0055] The positioning system 76 processes sensor data and other data to determine the position of the vehicle 100 relative to the environment (e.g., local position relative to a map, exact position relative to a road lane, vehicle heading, etc.). As can be understood, various techniques can be employed to achieve such positioning, including, for example, Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM), particle filters, Kalman filters, Bayesian filters, and the like.

[0056] The path planning system 78 processes sensor data and other data to determine the path followed by the vehicle 10. The vehicle control system 80 generates control signals for controlling the vehicle 100 based on the determined path.

[0057] In various embodiments, the controller 34 implements machine learning techniques to assist the functions of the controller 34, such as feature detection / classification, obstacle reduction, route traversal, mapping, sensor integration, ground truth determination, and the like.

[0058] Embodiment 1:

[0059] The protection circuit of the power inlet provided in the embodiment of the present utility model is arranged on the battery side of the vehicle to protect various devices at the power inlet.

[0060] Referring to Figure 4 , this embodiment provides a protection circuit for a power inlet, including: an anti-reverse connection unit, a voltage suppression unit, and an energy storage unit; one end of the anti-reverse connection unit is connected to the battery, and after the other end of the anti-reverse connection unit is connected to one end of the voltage suppression unit and then to one end of the energy storage unit, the other end of the anti-reverse connection unit is also used to be connected to the load, and the other ends of the voltage suppression unit and the energy storage unit are both grounded; the anti-reverse connection unit is used to prevent current from flowing through the circuit when the voltage polarity is reversed; the voltage suppression unit is used to clamp the high voltage within the voltage range that the backend devices can withstand. Among them, one end of the anti-reverse connection unit is connected to the positive pole of the battery. The backend devices include an energy storage unit and a load.

[0061] Combined with Figure 5 , in one embodiment, the anti-reverse connection unit is an anti-reverse connection diode, the positive pole of the anti-reverse connection diode is connected to the battery, the negative pole of the anti-reverse connection diode is connected to one end of the voltage suppression unit and then to one end of the energy storage unit, and the negative pole of the anti-reverse connection diode is used to be connected to the load. The specific types of the voltage suppression unit and the energy storage unit can be selected according to needs.

[0062] The conditions that the reverse connection prevention diode needs to meet at least include: (1) The current-carrying capacity of the reverse connection prevention diode is greater than the sum of the currents of all the loads at the back end; (2) The reverse voltage withstand value of the reverse connection prevention diode is higher than the maximum voltage value specified in the reverse connection experiment. Among them, the model of the reverse connection prevention diode is 1N4148.

[0063] Combined with Figure 5 , in an embodiment, the voltage suppression unit is a transient voltage suppressor diode (Transient Voltage Suppressor, abbreviated as TVS). The positive electrode of the transient voltage suppressor diode is grounded, and the negative electrode of the transient voltage suppressor diode is connected to the other end of the reverse connection prevention unit. The specific types of the reverse connection prevention unit and the energy storage unit can be selected according to needs.

[0064] Combined with Figure 5 , in an embodiment, the energy storage unit is a capacitor. The reverse connection prevention unit and the voltage suppression unit can be selected according to needs.

[0065] In an embodiment, combined with Figure 5 , taking the reverse connection prevention unit as the reverse connection prevention diode D1, the voltage suppression unit as the transient voltage suppressor diode TVS1, and the energy storage unit as the energy storage capacitor C1 as an example for illustration. The protection circuit includes the reverse connection prevention diode D1, the transient voltage suppressor diode TVS1, and the energy storage capacitor C1. The reverse connection prevention diode D1 is connected in series between the battery and the load. The transient voltage suppressor diode TVS1 is connected in parallel with the energy storage capacitor C1 and is behind the reverse connection prevention diode D1. This protection circuit not only needs to meet the protection requirements but also needs to meet the load dump test requirements and the voltage polarity reverse connection test.

[0066] The protection circuit of this embodiment is obtained through verification and analysis. During the design stage, it has experienced the improvement of the circuit structure from Figure 6 to Figure 7 , and then from Figure 7 to Figure 5 of the circuit structure.

[0067] First, design the protection circuit as shown in Figure 6 . This protection circuit can meet the protection requirements and the polarity reverse connection test, but it cannot meet the load dump test. The specific analysis is as follows: In Figure 6Among them, BAT represents that the system power supply is battery-powered. The current passes through the anti-reverse connection diode D1, and after being filtered by the energy storage capacitor C1, it supplies power to the subsequent load. Without the anti-reverse connection diode D1, when the power supply voltage is reversed, the positive electrode of the energy storage capacitor C1 will be connected to the negative electrode of the power supply device, and the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor C1 will be connected to the positive electrode of the power supply device, which will cause the energy storage capacitor C1 to be short-circuited and burned out. However, with the anti-reverse connection diode D1, during the polarity reverse connection test, the path between BAT and the energy storage capacitor C1 is equivalent to being disconnected, and naturally no short circuit will occur.

[0068] However, Figure 6 the circuit of Figure 6 cannot pass the load dump test because the voltage of the load dump test will reach 101V, and the energy storage capacitor C1 and the load cannot withstand such a high voltage and will be directly burned out.

[0069] It is necessary to modify Figure 6 the circuit structure of Figure 6 , so there is Figure 7 the circuit structure of Figure 7 . Figure 7 The transient voltage suppression diode in Figure 7 is specifically used to clamp the 101V of the load dump to a safe voltage. Among them, the maximum value of the safe voltage is not higher than the maximum operating voltage of the load, and the energy storage capacitor C1 and the load can select a very common withstand voltage value. For example, the safe voltage is 36V, the withstand voltage value of the energy storage capacitor C1 is 50V, and the withstand voltage value of the load is 38V.

[0070] Figure 7 The circuit structure of Figure 7 can meet the load dump test, but it causes the voltage polarity reverse connection test to be unable to be satisfied. Because when the power supply voltage is reversed, the anode of the transient voltage suppression diode TVS1 is connected to the positive electrode of the power supply device, and the cathode of the transient voltage suppression diode TVS1 is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply device. The transient voltage suppression diode TVS1 provides an unobstructed path for the current, and the TVS1 will be directly burned out due to excessive current.

[0071] During the voltage polarity reverse connection test, due to the presence of the anti-reverse connection diode D1 on the main circuit, the current cannot flow through the circuit, playing a protective role; during the load dump test, the transient voltage suppression diode TVS1 can well clamp the high voltage within the voltage range that the subsequent devices can withstand. Therefore, changing the placement positions of the anti-reverse connection diode D1 and the transient voltage suppression diode TVS1 can solve the two problems of current backflow and excessive voltage. That is, modify Figure 7 the circuit structure of Figure 7 , and set the transient voltage suppression diode TVS1 after the anti-reverse connection diode D1 to obtain Figure 5 the circuit structure of Figure 5 .

[0072] In Figure 5In the shown circuit structure, the transient voltage suppression diode TVS1 can clamp the 101V load dump voltage to a safe voltage, thus meeting the load test requirements; in the reverse polarity connection test, the reverse connection prevention diode D1 disconnects the path between BAT and the energy storage capacitor C1, so short circuit will not occur naturally. Therefore, Figure 5 The shown protection circuit not only needs to meet the protection requirements, but also needs to meet the load dump test requirements and the reverse voltage polarity connection test.

[0073] The embodiment of the present utility model provides a protection circuit for a power supply inlet, which has few electronic devices, a simple circuit structure, and a low cost. It can protect various devices at the power supply inlet at a low cost, thereby avoiding damage to various devices at the power supply inlet by extreme voltages. This protection circuit can also meet the load dump test requirements and the reverse voltage polarity connection test, and has high reliability.

[0074] Embodiment 2:

[0075] As Figure 8 shown, in combination with the foregoing Embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a vehicle, which includes a battery, at least one load, and the protection circuit for the power supply inlet described in Embodiment 1; the protection circuit for the power supply inlet includes: a reverse connection prevention unit, a voltage suppression unit, and an energy storage unit; one end of the reverse connection prevention unit is connected to the battery, and after the other end of the reverse connection prevention unit is connected to one end of the voltage suppression unit and then to one end of the energy storage unit, the other end of the reverse connection prevention unit is also connected to at least one load, and the other ends of the voltage suppression unit and the energy storage unit are both grounded. The reverse connection prevention unit is used to prevent current from flowing through the circuit when the voltage polarity is reversed; the voltage suppression unit is used to clamp the high voltage within the voltage range that the backend devices can withstand. The abnormal waveforms at both ends of the battery can directly provide stable and safe voltage to the load after being protected by the protection circuit.

[0076] Among them, one end of the reverse connection prevention unit is connected to the positive electrode of the battery.

[0077] In one embodiment, the at least one load includes at least one of a DC-DC circuit, a key signal detection circuit, and a signal sampling circuit.

[0078] In one embodiment, the vehicle further includes one or more of a lidar, a global positioning system, an optical camera, a thermal camera, an ultrasonic sensor, and a ranging sensor.

[0079] The embodiment of the utility model provides a protection circuit for a power supply inlet, which has fewer electronic devices, a simple circuit structure and lower cost. It can protect various devices at the power supply inlet at a lower cost, thereby avoiding damage to various devices at the power supply inlet by extreme voltages. The protection circuit can also meet the requirements of the load dump test and the voltage polarity reverse connection test, and has high reliability.

[0080] In an actual application scenario, the vehicle further includes other devices, such as Figures 1 - 3 the devices shown in, which will not be elaborated here. For other specific structures of the protection circuit, reference can be made to Embodiment 1, which will not be elaborated here.

[0081] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present utility model shall be included in the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A protection circuit for a power inlet, characterized in that: include: Anti-reverse connection unit, voltage suppression unit and energy storage unit; One end of the anti-reverse connection unit is connected to the battery, and the other end of the anti-reverse connection unit is connected to one end of the voltage suppression unit and then connected to one end of the energy storage unit, and the other end of the anti-reverse connection unit is also used to connect to the load, and the other end of the voltage suppression unit and the other end of the energy storage unit are both grounded; The anti-reverse connection unit is used to prevent current from flowing through the circuit when the voltage polarity is reversed; The voltage suppression unit is used to clamp the high voltage within a voltage range that the back-end device can withstand.

2. The protection circuit of the power inlet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-reverse connection unit is an anti-reverse connection diode, the positive electrode of the anti-reverse connection diode is connected to the battery, the negative electrode of the anti-reverse connection diode is connected to one end of the voltage suppression unit, and then connected to one end of the energy storage unit, and the negative electrode of the anti-reverse connection diode is used to connect to the load.

3. The protection circuit of the power inlet according to claim 2, characterized in that: The anti-reverse connection diode has a current passing capacity greater than the sum of all load currents at the rear end.

4. The protection circuit of the power inlet according to claim 2, characterized in that: The reverse withstand voltage value of the anti-reverse connection diode is higher than the maximum voltage value specified in the reverse connection experiment.

5. The protection circuit of the power inlet according to claim 2, characterized in that: The model of the anti-reverse connection diode is 1N4148.

6. The protection circuit of the power inlet according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The voltage suppression unit is a transient voltage suppression diode, the positive electrode of the transient voltage suppression diode is grounded, and the negative electrode of the transient voltage suppression diode is connected to the other end of the reverse connection prevention unit.

7. The protection circuit of the power inlet according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The energy storage unit is a capacitor.

8. A vehicle, characterized in that: A protection circuit comprising a battery, at least one load and a power inlet according to any one of claims 1 to 7; the protection circuit of the power inlet comprises: an anti-reverse connection unit, a voltage suppression unit and an energy storage unit; One end of the anti-reverse connection unit is connected to the battery, the other end of the anti-reverse connection unit is connected to one end of the voltage suppression unit, and then connected to one end of the energy storage unit, and the other end of the anti-reverse connection unit is also connected to at least one load, and the other end of the voltage suppression unit and the other end of the energy storage unit are both grounded; The anti-reverse connection unit is used to prevent current from flowing through the circuit when the voltage polarity is reversed; The voltage suppression unit is used to clamp the high voltage within a voltage range that the back-end device can withstand.

9. The vehicle according to claim 8, characterized in that The at least one load includes at least one of a DC-DC circuit, a key signal detection circuit, and a signal sampling circuit.

10. The vehicle according to claim 8, characterized in that The vehicle also includes one or more of a lidar, a global positioning system, an optical camera, a thermal camera, an ultrasonic sensor, and a ranging sensor.

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