Kitchen garbage pretreatment device

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kitchen garbage pretreatment device, which is characterized in that a crushing and screening machine is connected with a receiving hopper, a gate valve is mounted at a discharge port of the receiving hopper, and an oversize product outlet of a screening roller is connected with an oversize product conveying screw conveyor; a screen underflow inlet of the hydrolysis reaction tank is communicated with a screen underflow outlet of the screening shell, a buffer box arranged on the lower portion of the hydrolysis reaction tank is connected with a high-pressure spraying pipe on the upper portion of the hydrolysis reaction tank through a reflux pump, a steam heating opening is formed in the buffer box, and a slurry feeding pump is communicated with the hydrolysis reaction tank and an inlet of the rotary drum through a pipeline. The rotary drum pulping machine is located on the discharging side of the hydrolysis reaction tank, a plurality of material lifting plates and a plurality of pulp breaking tool bits are arranged on the inner wall of a rotary drum of the rotary drum pulping machine in the axial direction and the radial direction, filter holes are formed in the rotary drum, a pulp discharging opening is formed in the lower portion of the side, away from the inlet, of the pulping shell, and a slag discharging opening of the rotary drum is connected and communicated with the impurity conveying screw conveyor. The device is simplified in treatment, small in occupied area, good in treatment effect, high in recovery rate and capable of reducing equipment investment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to a kitchen waste pretreatment device, belonging to the technical field of kitchen waste treatment. Background Art

[0002] Kitchen waste refers to a kind of solid waste generated by residents during food processing and consumption. Its composition is more complex than that of catering waste, including food organic wastes such as leftovers, bones, vegetable roots and leaves, and fruit peels. Among them, the proportion of raw materials is relatively large, and most of them are in the "unhydrolyzed" state. If kitchen waste is not effectively disposed of, it is easy to produce malodors and breed bacteria, thus endangering the health of humans and the environment. At present, the treatment technical scheme of "pretreatment + anaerobic digestion" is adopted for kitchen waste. And the pretreatment mainly includes two methods. One is crushing and pulping. After the organic matter in the kitchen waste is broken by mechanical action, it is pulped and then solid-liquid separated. This method has a high loss rate of organic matter, a high moisture content of solid residues, and hard impurities in the raw materials will wear the treatment equipment, shortening the process life and increasing the cost. The other is biological leaching hydrolysis pulping. Its principle is that the organic components in the waste are subjected to mechanical and biological hydrolysis in the biological hydrolysis reactor, and the easily degradable organic matter part undergoes biological hydrolysis, converting most of the organic matter into slurry, and the remaining substances are completely separated into organic slurry and inorganic inert substances through the solid-liquid separation of the extrusion dehydrator. Although the organic matter utilization rate of this treatment device is high, the process is long, the floor area is large, the investment is high, and the reaction process is mainly carried out by microorganisms, so the treatment time is very long. Therefore, the existing kitchen waste pretreatment devices usually need to be processed after being combined by multiple single-function devices, and there are problems such as large floor area, high investment, high energy consumption, low organic matter recovery rate, and low integrity of sundries. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a kitchen waste pretreatment device that simplifies the treatment, has a small floor area, good treatment effect, high recovery rate, and can reduce equipment investment.

[0004] The technical scheme of the utility model to achieve the above purpose is: a kitchen waste pretreatment device, characterized in that: it includes a receiving hopper, a crushing and screening machine, a screw conveyor for oversize materials, a hydrolysis reaction tank, a buffer tank, a reflux pump, a drum pulping machine and a screw conveyor for sundries;

[0005] The crushing and screening machine is installed obliquely on the frame. The crushing and screening machine includes a screening housing and a screening drum passing through the screening housing. The screening drum is located outside the screening housing and is supported on screening rollers. The screening drum is connected to a drum drive transmission mechanism. The screening drum located inside the screening housing has screen holes, and a plurality of bag-breaking cutter heads are provided on the inner wall of the screening drum. The upper part of the screening housing on the high side is provided with a feed inlet communicating with the screening drum, and the lower part on the low side is provided with an under-screen material outlet. The feed inlet of the screening housing is connected and communicated with the discharge outlet of the receiving hopper, and a gate valve is installed at the discharge outlet of the receiving hopper. The over-screen material outlet of the screening drum is connected and communicated with the impurity inlet of the over-screen material conveying screw machine installed on the frame;

[0006] The hydrolysis reaction tank is installed on the frame and is located below the crushing and screening machine. The under-screen material inlet at the upper part of the hydrolysis reaction tank is connected and communicated with the under-screen material outlet of the screening housing. The hydrolysis reaction tank is provided with a high-pressure spray pipe at the upper part, a discharge port at the lower part on one side, and a flow regulating valve at the bottom. A buffer tank is arranged below the hydrolysis reaction tank, and the flow regulating valve is communicated with the buffer tank. A reflux pipe is provided between the reflux port of the buffer tank and the high-pressure spray pipe, and a reflux pump is installed on the reflux pipe. Moreover, a steam heating port is provided on the buffer tank; The slurry feeding pump is installed on the frame. One side of the slurry feeding pump is connected and communicated with the discharge port of the hydrolysis reaction tank through a pipeline, and the other side of the slurry feeding pump is led into the inlet of the drum through a pipeline;

[0007] The drum pulping machine is located on the discharging side of the hydrolysis reaction tank. The drum pulping machine includes a pulping housing, a drum, and a drum drive transmission mechanism. An inlet is provided at one end of the drum. A plurality of lifting plates and a plurality of pulp-breaking cutter heads are provided on the inner wall of the drum along the axial and radial directions. The pulping housing installed on the frame is hermetically installed on the drum. The drum located outside the pulping housing is supported on drum rollers and is connected to the drum drive transmission mechanism. Filter holes are provided on the drum located inside the pulping housing. A pulp discharge port is provided at the lower part on the side of the pulping housing away from the inlet. The slag discharge port at the end of the drum is connected and communicated with the slag inlet of the impurity conveying screw machine.

[0008] The utility model arranges a crushing and screening machine, a hydrolysis reaction tank and a buffer tank in a three-dimensional manner, and sets a drum pulping machine on one side of the hydrolysis reaction tank. The crushing and sorting machine, the pulping machine and the hydrolysis reaction tank are integrated through a frame, reducing the floor area and investment and saving energy. The utility model is provided with a steam heating port on the buffer tank, and the reflux port on the buffer tank is communicated with the high-pressure spray pipe at the upper part of the hydrolysis reaction tank through a reflux pump. Therefore, high-temperature hydrolysis acidification liquid reflux leaching can be adopted in the hydrolysis reaction stage, the hydrolysis reaction time can be shortened, the subsequent pulping efficiency and the utilization rate of organic matter can be improved, and especially the problem of winding and bridging in the pulping stage can be avoided for the high-fluidity hydrolysis liquid. The utility model adds the hydrolyzed and acidified material into the drum pulping machine for crushing and pulping, which can avoid a large amount of crushed sundries entering the liquid phase caused by direct crushing, improve the integrity of organic sundries and effectively reduce the wear of equipment in the subsequent treatment system. The investment of the kitchen waste pretreatment device of the utility model is reduced by about 40%, and the operation cost is reduced by about 60%, which can improve the environmental benefit and the resource recovery rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] The embodiments of the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0010] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a kitchen waste pretreatment device of the present utility model.

[0011] Figure 2 It is a flow chart of a kitchen waste pretreatment device of the present utility model.

[0012] Wherein: 1 - receiving hopper, 1-1 - top cover, 1-2 - hydraulic cylinder, 2 - gate valve, 3 - crushing and screening machine, 3-1 - roller drive transmission mechanism, 3-2 - screening roller, 3-3 - screening drum, 3-4 - screening housing, 4 - frame, 5 - hydrolysis reaction tank, 5-1 - high-pressure spray pipe, 5-2 - reflux pipe, 5-3 - flow regulating valve, 6 - reflux pump, 7 - buffer tank, 7-1 - steam heating port, 8 - slurry feed pump, 9 - drum pulping machine, 9-1 - drum roller, 9-2 - pulp breaking cutter head, 9-3 - lifting plate, 9-4 - pulping housing, 9-5 - drum, 9-6 - pulp discharge port, 9-7 - drum drive transmission mechanism, 10 - sundry conveying screw conveyor, 11 - oversize conveying screw conveyor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0013] See Figure 1 、 2 As shown in

[0014] See Figure 1 、2 As shown in the figure, the crushing and screening machine 3 is obliquely installed on the frame 4. The crushing and screening machine 3 includes a screening housing 3-4 and a screening drum 3-3 passing through the screening housing 3-4. The screening drum 3-3 is located outside the screening housing 3-4 and is supported on screening rollers 3-2. The screening drum 3-3 is connected to a drum drive transmission mechanism 3-1. The drum drive transmission mechanism 3-1 of the present utility model includes a screening motor, a small screening gear, and a large screening gear. The small screening gear is installed on the output side of the screening motor, and the large screening gear is fixed on the screening drum 3-3. The small screening gear meshes with the large screening gear, and the screening drum 3-3 is driven to rotate by the screening motor and the gear pair. The screening drum 3-3 of the present utility model has screen holes on the inner side of the screening housing 3-4. A plurality of bag-breaking cutter heads are provided on the inner wall of the screening drum 3-3. The bag-breaking cutter heads on the inner wall of the screening drum 3-3 are evenly distributed along the axial and radial directions. The aperture of the screen holes of the screening drum 3-3 is between 80 mm and 100 mm. The inclination angle between the rotation center of the screening drum 3-3 and the horizontal plane is between 5±1°. For example, if the inclination of the crushing and screening machine 3 is set at 4°, during the rotation of the screening drum 3-3, the bag-breaking rate of the kitchen waste garbage bags is increased by the bag-breaking cutter heads, and the efficient separation of sundries such as plastics and fabrics from organic matter is realized. During the crushing process, the kitchen waste is pushed towards the outlet, so that the organic matter enters the hydrolysis reaction tank 5 below through the screen holes of the screening drum 3-3, which can reduce the moisture content and oil content of the oversize materials and reduce the loss rate of the undersize organic matter. See Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the screening housing 3-4 of the present utility model is provided with a feed inlet at the upper part of the high side and is communicated with the screening drum 3-3, and a screenings outlet at the lower part of the low side. The feed inlet of the screening housing 3-4 is connected and communicated with the discharge outlet of the receiving hopper 1. And a gate valve 2 is installed at the discharge outlet of the receiving hopper 1. The opening size of the gate valve 2 can control the capacity and speed of the kitchen waste flowing by gravity to the lower crushing and screening machine 3. The volume of the receiving hopper 1 of the present utility model is between 10 m 3 -15 m 3 Between them, due to the large volume of the receiving hopper 1 and the increased depth of the receiving hopper 1, the problem of kitchen waste splashing can be effectively avoided during the unloading process, improving the environmental benefit and resource recovery rate. See Figure 1 As shown in the figure, two hydraulic cylinders 1-2 are symmetrically installed on the receiving hopper 1 of the present utility model. The top of the receiving hopper 1 is hinged with a top cover 1-1. The top cover 1-1 is connected to the movable sides of the two hydraulic cylinders 1-2. The top cover 1-1 is controlled by the hydraulic cylinders 1-2 to reduce the overflow of odors.

[0015] See Figure 1 、 2 As shown in the figure, the oversize material outlet of the screening drum 3-3 of the present utility model is connected and communicated with the sundries inlet of the oversize material conveying screw 11 installed on the frame 4. Therefore, the oversize materials such as plastics and fabrics after screening are sent to the slag removal room for external disposal through the oversize material conveying screw 11. SeeFigure 1 As shown, the hydrolysis reaction tank 5 of the present utility model is installed on the frame 4 and is located below the crushing and screening machine 3. The under-screen material inlet at the upper part of the hydrolysis reaction tank 5 is connected and communicated with the under-screen material outlet of the screening housing 3-4. The hydrolysis reaction tank 5 is provided with a high-pressure spray pipe 5-1 at the upper part, and high-temperature hydrolyzed acidified liquid can be refluxed and sprayed, which can shorten the hydrolysis reaction time in the hydrolysis reaction tank 5. At the lower part on one side of the hydrolysis reaction tank 5 of the present utility model, there is a discharge port, and a flow regulating valve 5-3 is provided at the bottom. The buffer tank 7 is arranged below the hydrolysis reaction tank 5, and the flow regulating valve 5-3 is communicated with the buffer tank 7. The hydrolysis liquid entering the buffer tank 7 can be controlled through the flow regulating valve 5-3. A reflux pipe 5-2 is provided between the reflux port of the buffer tank 7 and the high-pressure spray pipe 5-1, and a reflux pump 6 is provided on the reflux pipe 5-2. A steam heating port 7-1 is provided on the buffer tank 7. By introducing steam into the buffer tank 7 to heat the hydrolysis liquid, the high-temperature hydrolysis liquid enters the hydrolysis reaction tank 5 through the reflux pump 6 as the spray liquid, thereby accelerating the hydrolysis and acidification process of the organic liquid.

[0016] See Figure 1 、 2 As shown, the slurry feed pump 8 of the present utility model is installed on the frame 4. One side of the slurry feed pump 8 is connected and communicated with the discharge port of the hydrolysis reaction tank 5 through a pipeline, and the other side of the slurry feed pump 8 is led into the inlet of the drum 9-5 through a pipeline. The hydrolysis liquid is added into the drum pulping machine 9 through the slurry feed pump 8 for pulping treatment.

[0017] See Figure 1 、 2 As shown, the drum pulping machine 9 of the present utility model is located on the discharging side of the hydrolysis reaction tank 5. The drum pulping machine 9 includes a pulping housing 9-4, a drum 9-5 and a drum driving transmission mechanism 9-7. One end of the drum 9-5 is provided with an inlet. A plurality of lifting plates 9-3 and a plurality of pulp-breaking cutter heads 9-2 are arranged on the inner wall of the drum 9-5 along the axial and radial directions. The lifting plate 9-3 of the present utility model is a sector plate, and 3 to 5 lifting plates 9-3 are evenly distributed along the radial direction. The lifting plates 9-3 are evenly distributed along the axial direction and are staggered. The pulp-breaking cutter head 9-2 is a toothed cutter head. Driven by the drum 9-5, the lifting plate 9-3 and the pulp-breaking cutter head 9-2 break the hydrolysis liquid and push it towards the outlet side, beating the organic matter into a finer slurry state.

[0018] See Figure 1 、 2As shown, the pulping outer shell 9-4 of the present utility model installed on the frame 4 is hermetically installed on the drum 9-5. The drum 9-5 located outside the pulping outer shell 9-4 is supported on the drum rollers 9-1 and connected to the drum drive transmission mechanism 9-7. The drum drive transmission mechanism 9-7 of the present utility model includes a drum motor, a small drum gear, and a large drum gear. The small drum gear is installed on the output side of the drum motor, and the large drum gear is fixed on the drum 9-5. The small drum gear meshes with the large drum gear, and the drum 9-5 is driven to rotate by the drum motor and the gear pair. The drum 9-5 located inside the pulping outer shell 9-4 is provided with filter holes. The aperture of the filter holes of the drum 9-5 of the present utility model is between 30 mm and 50 mm. A pulp discharge port 9-6 is provided at the lower part of the pulping outer shell 9-4 away from the inlet. Therefore, the fine pulp enters the pulping outer shell 9-4 through the filter holes of the drum 9-5 and enters the subsequent sewage treatment system through the pipeline from the pulp discharge port 9-6. The slag discharge port at the end of the drum 9-5 is connected and communicated with the slag inlet of the debris conveying screw 10. The slag on the drum 9-5 is sent to the slag removal room by the debris conveying screw 10 for external disposal. The inclination angle between the rotation center of the drum 9-5 of the present utility model and the horizontal plane is between 5±1°. Since the drum pulping machine 9 is inclined, it is convenient to push the pulp towards the slag discharge port side during the crushing and pulping of the hydrolysis liquid.

[0019] See Figure 1 , 2As shown, when the utility model works, the hydraulic cylinder 1-2 opens the top cover 1-1 on the receiving hopper 1, and the kitchen waste is unloaded into the receiving hopper 1. The gate valve 2 is used to control the self-flow capacity of the kitchen waste to the lower crushing and screening machine 3. After the unloading is completed, the top cover 1-1 is closed, and then the crushing and screening machine is started for 15 minutes. The screening drum 3-3 rotates at 25-35 rpm. Under the impact of the bag-breaking cutter head and the screening drum 3-3, the kitchen waste realizes the efficient separation of sundries such as plastics and fabrics from the organic matter. The oversize materials are sent to the slag removal room for external disposal through the oversize material conveying screw 11, while the undersize materials passing through the screen holes of the screening drum 3-3 enter the hydrolysis reaction tank 5 below. When the device is started for the first time, tap water at 70-80 °C can be used as the spraying liquid, which is sprayed on the undersize materials through the high-pressure spraying pipe 5-1 for a hydrolysis reaction for 4-6 hours. After the reaction is completed, the hydrolysis liquid enters the lower buffer tank 7 from the flow regulating valve 5-3 at the bottom of the hydrolysis reaction tank 5. The steam heats the hydrolysis liquid in the buffer tank 7 through the steam heating port 7-1. After heating, the hydrolysis liquid is returned to the high-pressure spraying pipe 5-1 by the reflux pump 6 as the spraying liquid and sprayed on the undersize materials for a hydrolysis reaction for 4-6 hours. After the reaction is completed, the hydrolysis liquid is added to the rotary drum pulping machine 9 by the slurry feeding pump 8. The rotary drum pulping machine 9 is started, and the rotary drum 9-5 rotates at 5-15 rpm. Driven by the rotary drum 9-5, the lifting plate 9-3 and the pulp-breaking cutter head 9-2 crush the hydrolysis liquid and push it towards the outlet side, beating the organic matter into a finer slurry state. The fine slurry enters the pulping outer shell 9-4 through the filter holes and enters the subsequent sewage treatment system through the slurry discharge port 9-6 via a pipeline. The pulping is completed after running for 30 minutes. The slag on the rotary drum 9-5 is sent to the slag removal room for external disposal through the sundry conveying screw 10.

Claims

1. A kitchen waste pretreatment device, characterized in that: It comprises a receiving hopper (1), a crushing and screening machine (3), a screen material conveying screw machine (11), a hydrolysis reaction tank (5), a buffer box (7), a reflux pump (6), a rotary drum pulping machine (9) and a debris conveying screw machine (10); The crushing and screening machine (3) is obliquely mounted on a frame (4), and comprises a screening shell (3-4) and a screening drum (3-3) passing through the screening shell (3-4), wherein the screening drum (3-3) is located on the outer side of the screening shell (3-4) and supported on a screening roller (3-2), the screening drum (3-3) is connected to a drum driving transmission mechanism (3-1), the screening drum (3-3) is located on the inner side of the screening shell (3-4) and has a screening hole, and the screening drum (3-3) is provided with a screen hole. A plurality of bag breaking cutter heads are arranged on the inner wall of the screening housing (3-3), a feeding port is arranged at the upper part of the high side of the screening housing (3-4) and is communicated with the screening drum (3-3), and a screened material outlet is arranged at the lower part of the low side, the feeding port of the screening housing (3-4) is connected and communicated with the discharge port of the receiving hopper (1), and the receiving hopper (1) is installed with a gate valve (2) at the discharge port, and the screened material outlet of the screening drum (3-3) is connected and communicated with the debris inlet of the screened material conveying screw machine (11) installed on the frame (4); The hydrolysis reaction tank (5) is installed on the frame (4) and is located at the bottom of the crushing and screening machine (3). The screened material inlet at the top of the hydrolysis reaction tank (5) is connected to the screened material outlet of the screening shell (3-4). The hydrolysis reaction tank (5) is provided with a high-pressure spray pipe (5-1) at the top, a discharge port is provided at the bottom of one side of the hydrolysis reaction tank (5), and a flow regulating valve (5-3) is provided at the bottom. The buffer box (7) is arranged at the bottom of the hydrolysis reaction tank (5). The flow regulating valve (5-3) is connected to the screened material outlet of the screening shell (3-4). The buffer box (7) is connected to the buffer box (7), a return pipe (5-2) is provided between the return port of the buffer box (7) and the high-pressure spray pipe (5-1), a return pipe (5-2) is provided on the return pipe (5-2), and a steam heating port (7-1) is provided on the buffer box (7); a slurry feed pump (8) is installed on the frame (4), one side of the slurry feed pump (8) is connected to the discharge port of the hydrolysis reaction tank (5) through a pipeline, and the other side of the slurry feed pump (8) is connected to the inlet of the drum (9-5) through a pipeline; The rotary drum pulping machine (9) is located at the discharge side of the hydrolysis reaction tank (5), and comprises a pulping shell (9-4), a rotary drum (9-5) and a rotary drum driving transmission mechanism (9-7). An inlet is provided at one end of the rotary drum (9-5), and a plurality of lifting plates (9-3) and a plurality of pulp breaking blades (9-2) are provided on the inner wall of the rotary drum (9-5) in the axial and radial directions. The pulping shell (9-4) mounted on the frame (4) is sealed and mounted on the rotary drum (9-5). On the drum (9-5), the drum (9-5) located outside the pulping shell (9-4) is supported on the drum roller (9-1) and connected to the drum driving transmission mechanism (9-7), the drum (9-5) located inside the pulping shell (9-4) is provided with a filter hole, the lower part of the pulping shell (9-4) away from the inlet is provided with a pulp discharge port (9-6), and the slag discharge port at the end of the drum (9-5) is connected to the slag inlet of the debris conveying screw machine (10).

2. A kitchen waste pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two hydraulic cylinders (1-2) are symmetrically mounted on the receiving hopper (1), a top cover (1-1) is hinged on the top of the receiving hopper (1), and the top cover (1-1) is connected to the movable sides of the two hydraulic cylinders (1-2).

3. A kitchen waste pretreatment device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The volume of the receiving hopper (1) is 10m 3 -15m 3 between.

4. The kitchen waste pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bag breaking cutters on the inner wall of the screening drum (3-3) are evenly distributed in the axial and radial directions, the sieve hole diameter of the screening drum (3-3) is 80mm-100mm, and the inclination angle between the rotation center of the screening drum (3-3) and the horizontal plane is between 5±1°.

5. The kitchen waste pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter hole diameter of the drum (9-5) is between 30 mm and 50 mm, and the inclination angle between the rotation center of the drum (9-5) and the horizontal plane is between 5±1°.

6. The kitchen waste pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting plate (9-3) is a fan-shaped plate, and 3 to 5 lifting plates (9-3) are evenly distributed along the radial direction. The lifting plates (9-3) are evenly distributed and staggered along the axial direction. The pulp breaking blade (9-2) is a toothed blade.

7. The kitchen waste pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drum drive transmission mechanism (3-1) comprises a screening motor, a small screening gear and a large screening gear, wherein the small screening gear is mounted on the output side of the screening motor, the large screening gear is fixed on the screening drum (3-3), and the small screening gear meshes with the large screening gear.

8. The kitchen waste pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drum driving transmission mechanism (9-7) comprises a drum motor, a small drum gear and a large drum gear, wherein the small drum gear is mounted on the output side of the drum motor, the large drum gear is fixed on the drum, and the small drum gear meshes with the large drum gear.

Images