Stable and accurate multi-sun-tracking machine
By using a multi-speed variable speed system and a livestock mechanism in the Japanese aircraft, designing a multi-supporting point Japanese aircraft, the problems of poor wind resistance and easy deformation of condenser or photovoltaic panels in the existing technology are solved, and higher wind resistance, stability and accuracy are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202320810538.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2022-07-29
- Filing Date
- 2023-04-12
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-27
- Estimated Expiration
- 2033-04-12
AI Technical Summary
When existing dual-axis jacks are carrying large condensers or large photovoltaic panels, their wind resistance is poor and they are prone to swaying, resulting in the light spot deviation or the photovoltaic panels deforming and the power decreases.
A stable and accurate multi-paired Japanese aircraft is designed, using a variable speed multi-pair system and a live joint mechanism, including geared, worm, sprocket and wheeled variable speed multi-pair system, tracking the sun through multiple support points to improve wind resistance and stability.
It improves the wind resistance and operation stability of Japanese aircraft, avoids the deformation of large condenser or large photovoltaic panels due to the long cantilever, and improves the accuracy and power output of Japanese aircraft.
Smart Images
Figure CN222914097U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model belongs to the field of high-efficiency and low-cost solar energy utilization Background Art
[0002] In the field of tracking photovoltaic power generation, solar thermal utilization or solar thermal power generation, a sun follower must be used to track the sun. However, the current dual-axis sun followers use a screw to push the concentrator or photovoltaic panel to track the sun in the altitude angle direction. The concentrator or photovoltaic panel outside the left and right ends of the altitude axis forms a cantilever structure, which swings unsteadily when there is wind, often causing the focusing spot to deviate from the receiver; or making the sunlight not perpendicular to the photovoltaic panel. In order to reduce the share of the cost of the sun follower in the total cost of the solar energy utilization system and reduce the total cost, it is necessary to increase the concentrator or photovoltaic panel carried and maximize the power used, so that the number of sun followers can be reduced and the total cost can be reduced under the condition of unchanged total power. However, when the concentrator or photovoltaic panel carried by a sun follower is large, the cantilever of the carried objects on both sides of the sun follower is very long, which not only makes the wind resistance worse, but also swings more violently, affecting the life of the machine; and because the cantilever is too long, the concentrator or photovoltaic panel is deformed, causing a significant drop in power. Utility Model Content
[0003] The utility model aims to solve these problems. It aims to invent a stable and accurate multi-branch sun-following machine that can carry a large concentrator or a large photovoltaic panel to track the sun to generate heat or electricity, has a strong wind resistance to stably and accurately follow the sun, and can prevent the large concentrator or the large photovoltaic panel from being easily deformed due to the long cantilever.
[0004] The utility model is realized through the following scheme:
[0005] 1. A stable and accurate multiple tracking aircraft, referred to as a stable and accurate tracking aircraft, includes an altitude tracking system, an azimuth tracking system and a frame, and its special features are:
[0006] A. The altitude tracking system includes an altitude axis and its bracket, a variable speed multi-branch system, an articulated mechanism and a driver. The variable speed multi-branch system is either a gear strut type, referred to as a gear type, in which the lifting of the strut is supported by a gear, and this gear is called a supporting gear; or a worm wheel strut type, referred to as a worm wheel type, in which the lifting of the strut is supported by a worm wheel, and this worm wheel is called a supporting worm wheel; or a sprocket strut type, referred to as a sprocket type, in which a sprocket supports the lifting of the strut, and this sprocket is called a supporting sprocket; or a pulley strut type, referred to as a pulley type, in which a pulley supports the lifting of the strut, and this pulley is called a supporting pulley. The strut is a screw or a rack. All these variable speed multi-branch systems rotate around the azimuth axis, so that the carried object tracks the sun in the direction of the solar azimuth.
[0007] a. The gear-type speed-changing multi-branch system includes a flat gear pair, a bevel gear pair, a screw-nut pair, a main shaft, a movable mechanism and a driver, or a transmission is added, or no transmission is added, and the power gear connected to the driver and the driven gear are connected in transmission, and the driven gear uses the main shaft as its rotating shaft. The so-called main shaft is parallel to the height angle axis and spans the two ends of the height angle axis, and drives all the struts to move up and down; at both ends of the main shaft, vertical bevel gears are installed respectively, and are respectively installed on the frame Two flat bevel gears on the bottom plate are meshed with each other. The shaft of the flat bevel gear is a hollow shaft. The hollow shaft passes through the flat bevel gear and is fixedly connected to the flat bevel gear. The inner surface of the hollow shaft has threads and is meshed with a support rod, i.e. a screw rod, that passes through the center of the flat bevel gear. The outer surface of the hollow shaft is movably connected with a bearing cylinder. The so-called bearing cylinder is a cylindrical object with bearings installed at both ends. The bearing cylinder is fixed to the bottom plate. The so-called flat placement means that the bottom surface of the bevel gear is placed flat, and the so-called vertical placement means that the bottom surface of the bevel gear is placed upright.
[0008] The screw rod is provided with a guide groove along its axis, and the guide groove meshes with a tongue fixedly connected to the bottom plate of the frame. When the horizontal bevel gear as a nut that cannot translate along its axis rotates, the screw rod cannot rotate, but can only translate along its axis to rise or fall.
[0009] The structure for realizing the lifting action of double struts or more struts is that a flat plate gear A is fixedly put on any place of the main shaft, and a flat plate gear B is also fixedly put on the rotating shaft of a vertical bevel gear C, so that the flat plate gear B is meshed with the flat plate gear A on the main shaft. The two are called intermediate gears. The number of teeth, module and other structural parameters of these two intermediate gears are equal. The vertical bevel gear C coaxial with the B gear and the flat bevel gear D with the bottom plate as the carrier are meshed. The structural parameters of this flat bevel gear D and the vertical bevel gear C are exactly the same as the structural parameters of the corresponding bevel gear pairs located at both ends of the main shaft;
[0010] The so-called construction parameters are the parameters based on which the product is manufactured;
[0011] Now, the gear type variable speed multi-branch system is called a gear type gear type gear type, among which the one with two supporting gears is called a double gear type gear type; the one with N supporting gears is called an N gear type gear type, where N is an integer other than "1"; the corresponding subdivision simplified names of the gear type symbolized by the worm gear type, sprocket type or pulley type are hereinafter referred to, and so on, and no further description is given;
[0012] b. The worm gear type speed change multi-branch system includes a power gear pair, a main shaft, a worm gear pair, a nut screw pair and an articulated mechanism and a driver, or an additional transmission, or no additional transmission. The power gear is connected to the driver in a transmission manner, and the power gear is meshed with a gear fixed on the main shaft. The main shaft is the worm shaft. A spiral groove constituting a worm can be made at a position of the main shaft corresponding to the worm wheel fixed on the bottom plate, which meshes with the worm wheel fixed on the bottom plate. The shaft of the worm wheel is a hollow shaft, one end of which passes through the center of the worm wheel and is fixedly connected to the worm wheel, and the other end is movably connected to a bearing cylinder. The bearing cylinder is a cylindrical object equipped with at least two bearings, which is fixed to the bottom plate. The worm wheel shaft passes through the bearing in the bearing cylinder, and the inner surface of the worm wheel shaft is threaded to mesh with a screw passing through the inner hole of the worm wheel shaft.
[0013] The screw rod has a guide groove along its axis, which meshes with a tongue fixed on the bottom plate to prevent the screw rod from rotating; the upper end of the screw rod is connected to the object being carried that tracks the sun through a hinge mechanism;
[0014] c. The sprocket-type speed-changing multi-branch system includes a driver, a power gear pair, a sprocket chain pair, a screw nut pair and an articulated mechanism and a frame, or a transmission is added, or no transmission is added. The power gear is connected to the driving motor in a transmission manner. A sprocket is fixedly connected to the shaft of the power gear, which is called a prime sprocket. The sprocket that is indirectly connected to the sun-tracking carried object through a screw and an articulated mechanism is called a supporting sprocket. The so-called supporting sprocket is a sprocket that is indirectly connected to the sun-tracking carried object through a screw and an articulated mechanism. The shafts of all supporting sprockets are hollow shafts. One end of the hollow shaft passes through the center of the sprocket and is fixedly connected to the sprocket, and the other end passes through a bearing cylinder. The so-called bearing cylinder is a cylindrical object equipped with at least two bearings. The bearing cylinder is fixed to the bottom plate, i.e., the frame. The outer surface of the sprocket shaft is movably connected to the bearing cylinder, and the inner surface is threaded and meshes with a screw that passes through the center of the sprocket. The upper end of the screw is connected to the carried object through an articulated mechanism.
[0015] d. The structure of the pulley type speed change multi-branch system is completely similar to that of the sprocket type speed change multi-branch system, the only difference is that the sprocket is replaced by a pulley, the chain is replaced by a transmission belt, and the rest of the structure is exactly the same;
[0016] e. The articulated mechanism is either a guide rail pulley type or a slotted pin type. The guide rail pulley articulated mechanism comprises a plate-shaped or rod-shaped guide rail, a pulley block and a screw. The pulley block is composed of at least two pulleys and their rotating shafts or spindles. The two pulleys clamp the two sides of the guide rail for operation. The two shafts at the outermost ends of the pulley block are connected to a U-shaped clamping plate fixed to the top end of the screw. The pulley is either a slotted wheel type or a non-slotted wheel type. The guide rail is connected to the object being carried to track the sun.
[0017] f. The slotted pin-shaft type articulated mechanism comprises a guide rail of a plate or rod with strip-shaped slotted holes, a pin and a screw, the pin is inserted into the slotted holes and movably connected to the guide rail with the slotted holes, the guide rail is connected to the object tracking the sun, and both ends of the pin are inserted into a U-shaped clamping plate fixed to the upper end of the screw;
[0018] B. The azimuth tracking system comprises an azimuth axis, an azimuth base plate, an azimuth mandrel, a thrust bearing, a worm gear pair, a double flange cylinder and a driver, or an additional transmission, or no additional transmission; the azimuth axis and the azimuth mandrel are both perpendicular to the ground plane, the azimuth base plate is parallel to the ground plane, the three are fixedly connected to each other, the thrust bearing is passed through the azimuth mandrel, the azimuth base plate is used as a base, the center hole of the worm wheel passes through the azimuth mandrel and is pressed on the thrust bearing, and is movably connected to the azimuth mandrel, the worm gear located on the azimuth base plate is in transmission connection with its driver, and is driven by the driver The worm and the worm wheel are meshed with each other, and at least two bearings are installed in the double-flange cylinder. The so-called double-flange cylinder is a cylindrical object, and the two ends are respectively fixedly connected to the upper and lower flanges. The inner surface of the cylinder is passed through the azimuth core shaft with the inner ring of the bearing as the medium. The lower flange of the cylinder is fixedly connected to the worm wheel, the upper flange of the cylinder is fixedly connected to the altitude angle frame, the upper plane of the altitude angle platform is connected to the altitude axis, and the plate located below the frame is called the bottom plate. The altitude angle frame rotates around the azimuth axis when working, and the bottom plate is the carrier of the variable speed multi-branch system; it enables the transported object to track the sun in the solar azimuth direction.
[0019] 2. The extension lines of the center line of the altitude axis and the center line of the azimuth axis either have overlapping points or have no overlapping points.
[0020] 3. When the gear strut type speed change multi-branch system is working, the upward support speed of all the screws driven by the main shaft is equal, and the downward pull speed is also equal. In other words, the structural parameters of each parallel bevel gear pair driven by the main shaft are equal. When the rotation directions of the parallel bevel gears are opposite, the helical rotation directions of the corresponding screws are also opposite, and all the screws driven by the main shaft have the same structural parameters except the helical rotation directions.
[0021] 4. The worm gear strut type speed-changing multi-branch system has the same rising speed and the same pulling-down speed for all the screws driven by the main shaft when it is working. In other words, except for the helix rotation direction, the other structural parameters of the worm and worm gear pairs driven by the main shaft are all correspondingly equal. For two or more worm and worm gear pairs with equal structural parameters, when the rotation directions of the worm wheels are opposite, the helix rotation directions of the screws passing through the worm wheels are also opposite, and all the screws driven by the main shaft have the same structural parameters except for the helix rotation direction.
[0022] 5. When the sprocket-strut type speed-changing multi-branch system is working, all the screws connected to the transported objects through the articulated mechanism have the same rising speed and the same pulling-down speed. In other words, the structural parameters of the supporting sprockets connected to these screws are all equal. For two or more supporting sprockets with opposite rotation directions, the directions of the spiral lines of the screws passing through their centers are also opposite. Moreover, all the screws connected to the transported objects through the articulated mechanism have the same structural parameters except the direction of the spiral lines. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0023] Figure 1 This is the main view of the double gear stabilizer and Japanese aircraft
[0024] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Top view of the .
[0025] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Partial section view of the left side
[0026] Figure 4 This is a top view of the three-gear stabilizer and Japanese aircraft.
[0027] Figure 5 This is the main view of the double worm gear stabilizing the Japanese aircraft
[0028] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Top view
[0029] Figure 7 yes Figure 5 Partial section view of the left side
[0030] Figure 8 This is a top view of the double sprocket and Japanese machine.
[0031] Fig. 9 This is a top view of the four-sprocket stable Japanese machine. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0032] exist Figure 1Among them, 1 is the azimuth axis, which is perpendicular to the ground plane and fixed on the ground plane, 2 is the screw rod or the support rod, 3 is the guide groove, that is, the anti-rotation groove, which is meshed with the latch located in the bottom plate 26 (covered) to limit its rotation. Because the flat gear shaft 5 as a nut can only rotate but not translate, when the flat bevel gear 6 rotates, the screw rod can only translate up and down. The flat bevel gear 6 is called a support gear because the support rod (screw rod) passing through it is supported by it. 4 is a bearing cylinder, which is fixed on the floor 26 and has two bearings installed inside. The flat gear shaft 5 is inserted into the bearing. 7 is a guide rail, which is fixed on the condenser frame 21. Two pulleys 11 can clamp it and move it. The pulleys 11, 8, 9 and 10 form a pulley group. 2 is the U-shaped clamp part at the top of the screw rod. 12 is a screw, 13 is a heat collecting tube, which receives the concentrated light beam reflected by the concentrator below and converts it into heat. Here, a product called a solar heat machine (patent number: 2020207494802) is taken as an example, and the axis of the heat collecting tube and the altitude axis are overlapped. 14 is a pipe hanging belt, 15 is a rack connected to the concentrator frame, 16 is the altitude angle axis, referred to as the altitude axis, around which the concentrator rotates, 17 is the altitude angle rack, which is connected to the variable speed transmission component of the azimuth tracking system, 18 is a controller, which is used to control the speed of the altitude and azimuth drive motors or other parameters of the machine, so that the concentrator tracks the sun in two directions at the same time. It is easily available on the market. 19 is the middle beam of the rack, which is used to suspend or support the concentrator and the heat collecting tube. It is supported by the altitude axis 16 and rotates around the altitude axis; 21 is the concentrator frame that carries the concentrator, 22 is the altitude drive motor, and 23 is a large gear, which receives the drive motor 22 and the small gear 31 (see Figure 2 ) and transmits the power to the main shaft 27, 24 is the bracket of the pinion gear. 25 is the support rod of the main shaft, 26 is the bottom plate of the frame, 27 is the vertical gear shaft, i.e. the main shaft, and 28 is the vertical bevel gear.
[0033] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 29 is the driving pinion shaft, which is connected to the shaft of the driving motor through a coupling 30, and 31 is the driving pinion. The remaining parts are numbered and Figure 1 The namesakes have the same meaning.
[0034] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A partial sectional view of the left side of the Figure 3In the figure, 32 is an azimuth substrate, which is the carrier of the azimuth and elevation tracking system, and is fixedly connected to the azimuth axis 1. 33 is a thrust bearing, and 34 is a worm gear, which is pressed on the thrust bearing 33. 35 is a worm gear connected to the drive motor 36 for transmission, and is meshed with the worm gear 34. 37 is an azimuth mandrel, which is fixedly connected to the azimuth axis, 38 is a double flange cylinder, in which a bearing is installed, and the inner ring of the bearing is sleeved on the azimuth mandrel, and it has two flanges at both ends, the lower flange is fixedly connected to the worm gear 34, and the upper flange is fixedly connected to the elevation frame 17. The upper side of the elevation frame 17 is the carrier of the elevation axis 16, which is referred to as the elevation axis, corresponding to the elevation angle of the sun, and carries the components for tracking the sun in the elevation angle direction, 39 is an axis connecting plate, which is sleeved on the elevation axis, and the upper end is fixedly connected to the frame 15 of the hanging mirror, and 19 is the middle beam of the frame, which is connected to the frames of each hanging mirror. 40 is a bearing, which is installed in the double flange cylinder. 41 is a support ring, which is fixedly connected to the wall of the bearing cylinder and is used to support the upper bearing. 5 is a flat gear shaft, which is fixedly connected to the flat gear 6. Figure 1 and Figure 2 People with the same name have the same meaning.
[0035] Figure 4 This is a top view of the three-gear stabilizer and Japanese aircraft. Figure 4 In the figure, 42 is a gear fixed on the main shaft 27, 43 is a gear and its shaft fixed on the base plate 26, on which a bevel gear 28 is fixedly connected, and this bevel gear 28 meshes with the flat bevel gear 6 installed on the base plate 26. 44 is a pin, which passes through the slot of the guide rail 46 with slots and is movably connected to the slot. Both ends of the pin 44 are connected to the clamping plate 2 at the upper end of the screw rod passing through the flat bevel gear 6, and 45 is a connecting rod that connects the condensers at both ends of the height axis, which is fixedly connected to the guide rail 46. The structural parameters of the flat bevel gear 6 and the vertical bevel gear 28 are the same as those of the bevel gears of the same name located at both ends of the main shaft. The structural parameters of the flat gears 42 and 43 are the same, and these two gears are called intermediate gears.
[0036] The so-called construction parameters are the parameters based on which the gear is manufactured.
[0037] Compared with the three-gear stabilizer and double-gear stabilizer, it connects the condensing mirrors at both ends of the altitude axis together and pushes them forward, adding a support point. It has stronger wind resistance, more stable operation, more accurate sun tracking, and is less likely to deform.
[0038] Figure 5 This is the main view of the double worm gear stabilizer and Japanese aircraft. Figure 5In the figure, 1 is the azimuth axis, 2 is the screw rod or the support rod, 3 is the guide groove, also known as the anti-rotation groove, which meshes with the tongue installed on the bottom plate to prevent the screw rod from rotating; 4 is the bearing cylinder installed on the bottom plate 24, with the bearing inside, the worm shaft 5 fixed in the worm wheel 6, and inserted in the inner ring of the bearing, 7 is the U-shaped clamping plate fixedly connected to the top of the screw rod 2, which is the carrier of the pulley frame composed of the pulley 10 and its shaft 26 and the connecting plate 9, 8 is the guide rail, which is fixed on the condenser frame 19 or other transported objects, and in this figure, the upper and lower pulleys clamp the guide rail for operation. 11 is a screw, and 12 is a heat collecting tube, which is the focal line position of the condenser installed on the condenser frame. 13 is a pipe hanging belt, 14 is a frame connecting the condenser frame, which connects each condenser frame, 15 is an altitude axis, 16 is an altitude angle frame, which is connected to the azimuth transmission system, 17 is a controller, which is used to control the speed of the two drive motors in the follower and other working parts, 18 is the center beam of the frame, 19 is the condenser frame, 20 is the altitude angle drive motor, 21 is a main shaft gear, which is fixed on the main shaft 25, and the prime mover gear coaxial with the motor is meshed with it. 22 is a support plate of the prime mover gear, and 23 is a support plate of the main shaft 25. 24 is a bottom plate, which is the carrier of the altitude angle tracking mechanism and is connected to the altitude angle frame 16. 25 is the main shaft, and 26 is the shaft of the pulley 10.
[0039] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A top view of the Figure 6 27 is the shaft of the pulley frame, which is inserted into the clamping plate 7 at the top of the screw, 28 is the support plate of the prime mover gear 30, and 29 is the coupling, which connects the shaft of the motor 20 and the shaft 31 of the gear 30 together. Figure 5 The same names have the same meaning.
[0040] Figure 7 yes Figure 5 A partial sectional view of the left side of the Figure 7 In the figure, 32 is an azimuth base plate, which is fixedly connected with the azimuth axis 1 and the azimuth mandrel 35. 33 is a thrust bearing, which is placed on the azimuth base plate 32. 34 is a double flange cylinder, which is equipped with a bearing and is inserted on the azimuth mandrel 35. A flange is fixed on each of its upper and lower ends, the lower flange is fixedly connected with the worm gear 6, and the upper flange is fixedly connected with the elevation angle frame 16. 36 is a shaft connecting plate, which is connected with the elevation axis 15 and is fixedly connected with the frame 14 connected with the condenser frame, and the frame 14 is fixedly connected with the condenser frame 19. 37 is a bearing in the double flange cylinder, and 38 is a bearing support ring, which is fixedly connected with the wall of the bearing cylinder of the worm gear shaft.
[0041] Gear type and worm gear type accordion and Japanese machine have their own advantages and disadvantages. Gear type accordion and Japanese machine has high transmission efficiency and can save electricity, but the transmission ratio is relatively small; it is suitable for occasions that require a small transmission ratio; a transmission can be added when necessary; worm gear type accordion and Japanese machine has low transmission efficiency, but the transmission ratio of the worm gear pair is large, which is suitable for occasions that require a large transmission ratio.
[0042] Figure 8 This is a top view of the double sprocket stabilizer and Japanese machine. Figure 8 Among them, 1 is a supporting sprocket, 2 is a screw clamp, 3 is a pulley frame shaft, 4 is a chain, 5 and 7 are a pair of speed change gears, 6 is a secondary gear shaft, 8 is a sprocket coaxially fixedly connected to the tertiary gear 7, called a prime mover sprocket, 9 is the shaft of the prime mover sprocket, 10 is a frame of an altitude tracking system directly or indirectly connected to the azimuth transmission system, 11 is a controller, 12 are all screws, 13 is a focusing lens frame, 14 is a frame bottom plate, which is a carrier of the altitude tracking system, 15 is a gear shaft directly connected to a driver 17, i.e., a motor 17, 16 is a gear on its shaft, called a driving gear, 18 is a pulley frame clamp, 19 is the shaft of a groove wheel 20, 21 is a guide rail, which is fixedly connected to the frame 13, and the upper and lower groove wheels 20 clamp the guide rail 21 for operation.
[0043] All sprockets except the driving sprocket 8 are called supporting sprockets. Figure 8 The structure of the two hollow shafts supporting the sprockets and their carrier bearing cylinders, and Figure 3 or Figure 7 The hollow shaft and the bearing tube of the flat bevel gear or worm gear in the invention are of exactly the same structure, and the screw rod, i.e. the support rod, also passes through the sprocket shaft, and no repetition is required.
[0044] Fig. 9 This is a top view of the four-sprocket stable Japanese aircraft. Fig. 9 In the figure, four supporting sprockets driven by the driving sprocket 8 and four sides of the two large condensing mirrors located outside the two ends of the height axis are indirectly connected with the four sides through the screws passing through the center of each supporting sprocket to work. In this way, each large condensing mirror has two supporting points, avoiding the cantilever structure, making the condensing mirror more wind-resistant, more accurate in following the sun, and less prone to deformation.
[0045] Fig. 9 and Figure 8 The difference is that two supporting sprockets that can push the support rods are connected to the inner frames of the two large condensing mirrors. The difference is that the articulation mechanisms used in these two supporting sprockets are both slotted pin-shaft articulation mechanisms. Fig. 922 is a pin inserted into the slot of the guide rail 23, the pin is movably connected to the slot, and both ends of the pin 22 are inserted into the top clamping plate 2 of the screw rod, with the clamping plate 2 as a carrier. The difference between the guide rail 23 and the guide rail 21 is that the guide rail 23 has a slot. The guide rail 23 is fixedly connected to the inner frame edge of each large condenser. Fig. 9 The 4 in represents the chain, which is composed of Fig. 9 It can be seen that the chain has a larger wrap angle around each sprocket and is more secure.
[0046] According to the claims of the present utility model, more embodiments can be listed, all of which belong to the protection scope of the claims of the present utility model.
[0047] The utility model has the following advantages:
[0048] 1. Compared with the existing sun-following machine which uses a screw to push the concentrator or photovoltaic panel to track the solar altitude angle: the utility model greatly improves the wind resistance and the stability of the machine operation due to the increase of supporting points.
[0049] 2. It avoids the defect of deformation of large condenser or large photovoltaic panel due to the long cantilever at both ends of the height axis, thus greatly improving the accuracy of the sun tracking machine.
[0050] 3. A hollow shaft used both inside and outside in supporting bevel gears, supporting worm gears and supporting sprockets has been invented, so that the hollow shaft serves as both a nut and a supporting shaft, thus serving two purposes.
[0051] 4. Invented a multi-support steady-state engine with multiple supporting points and a worm gear, gear and sprocket steady-state engine. Compared with the former, the latter two have higher transmission efficiency and save electricity, and the manufacturing process is simpler than the worm gear pair and can reduce manufacturing costs.
[0052] 5. The sprocket is stable and accurate with Japanese machines, which eliminates the main shaft which is difficult to manufacture, reduces the dead weight, reduces the cost and saves materials.
[0053] 6. Since the utility model is very conducive to the construction of a high-power single dual-axis sun-following concentrating device, it can greatly save the cost share of the sun-following equipment in the total cost of a high-power large-scale solar thermal power station, thereby significantly reducing the total cost of the solar thermal power station.
Claims
1. A stable, accurate and multi-pole sun-tracking machine, hereinafter referred to as a stable and accurate sun-tracking machine, includes an altitude angle tracking system, an azimuth angle tracking system and a frame. Its characteristics are as follows: A. The altitude angle tracking system includes an altitude angle axis and its bracket, a variable-speed multi-pole system, a knuckle mechanism and a driver. The variable-speed multi-pole system can be a gear strut type, hereinafter referred to as a gear type, where the lifting of the strut is supported by a gear, and this gear is called a support gear; or a worm strut type, hereinafter referred to as a worm type, where the lifting of the strut is supported by a worm, and this worm is called a support worm; or a sprocket strut type, hereinafter referred to as a sprocket type, where the lifting of the strut is supported by a sprocket, and this sprocket is called a support sprocket; Or a pulley strut type, hereinafter referred to as a pulley type, where the lifting of the strut is supported by a pulley, and this pulley is called a support pulley. The strut is a screw or a rack, and all these variable-speed multi-pole systems rotate around the azimuth angle axis; To make the carried object track the sun in the sun azimuth angle direction; a. The gear-type variable-speed multi-pole system includes a flat gear pair, a bevel gear pair, a screw-nut pair, a main shaft and a knuckle mechanism and a driver. Optionally, a transmission can be added or not. The power gear connected to the driver and the driven gear are in transmission connection. The driven gear rotates around the main shaft as its axis. The so-called main shaft is parallel to the altitude angle axis and spans beyond both ends of the altitude angle axis, and drives all struts to move up and down. At both ends of the main shaft, vertical bevel gears are respectively installed and meshed with two horizontal bevel gears installed on the frame bottom plate. The axis of the horizontal bevel gear is a hollow shaft, which passes through the horizontal bevel gear and is fixedly connected to the horizontal bevel gear. The inner surface of the hollow shaft has threads and meshes with the strut, i.e., the screw, passing through the center of the horizontal bevel gear. The outer surface of the hollow shaft is movably connected to a bearing cylinder. The so-called bearing cylinder is a cylindrical object with bearings installed at both ends, and the bearing cylinder is fixed on the bottom plate. The so-called horizontal means laying the bottom surface of the bevel gear flat, and the so-called vertical means placing the bottom surface of the bevel gear upright; A guide groove is made along the axial direction of the screw, and this guide groove meshes with a tongue fixed on the frame bottom plate. When the horizontal bevel gear, which cannot translate along its axis and acts as a nut, rotates, the screw cannot rotate but can only translate up or down along its axis; The structure for realizing the lifting action of two struts or more struts is to fixedly put on a flat gear A anywhere on the main shaft, and also fixedly put on a flat gear B on the rotating shaft of a vertical bevel gear C, and make the flat gear B mesh with the flat gear A on the main shaft. They are called intermediate gears. The number of teeth, module and other structural parameters of these two intermediate gears are equal. The vertical bevel gear C coaxial with the B gear meshes with a horizontal bevel gear D with the bottom plate as the carrier. The structural parameters of this horizontal bevel gear D and the vertical bevel gear C are exactly the same as those of the corresponding bevel gear pairs at both ends of the main shaft; The so-called structural parameters are the parameters based on which the product is manufactured; Now, the steady and accurate sun-tracking machine symbolized by a gear-type variable-speed multi-branch system is called a gear steady and accurate sun-tracking machine. Among them, the one with two supporting gears is called a double-gear steady and accurate sun-tracking machine; the one with N supporting gears is called an N-gear steady and accurate sun-tracking machine, where N is an integer other than "1". Below, the corresponding subdivision and simplified names of the steady and accurate sun-tracking machines symbolized by a worm-wheel type, a sprocket-wheel type, or a pulley type are used as examples, and so on, without repeating them. b. The worm-wheel type variable-speed multi-branch system includes a power gear pair, a main shaft, a worm and worm-wheel pair, a nut and screw pair, a knuckle mechanism and a driver, or an additional transmission may be added, or no additional transmission is added. The power gear is in transmission connection with the driver, and the power gear meshes with the gear fixed on the main shaft. Here, the main shaft is the worm shaft. At the part of the main shaft corresponding to the worm-wheel fixed on the base plate, a helical groove forming the worm can be made to mesh with the worm-wheel fixed on the base plate. The shaft of the worm-wheel is a hollow shaft. One end of the hollow shaft passes through the center of the worm-wheel and is fixedly connected to the worm-wheel, and the other end is movably connected to a bearing cylinder. The bearing cylinder is a cylindrical object equipped with at least two bearings, and it is fixed on the base plate. The worm-wheel shaft passes through the bearings in the bearing cylinder. The inner surface of the worm-wheel shaft is made into a thread and meshes with the screw passing through the inner hole of the worm-wheel shaft. There is a guide groove along the axial direction of the screw, and this guide groove meshes with the tongue fixed on the base plate to prevent the screw from rotating. The upper end of the screw is connected to the object being carried that tracks the sun through a knuckle mechanism. c. The sprocket-wheel type variable-speed multi-branch system includes a driver, a power gear pair, a sprocket and chain pair, a screw and nut pair, a knuckle mechanism and a frame, or an additional transmission may be added, or no additional transmission is added. The power gear is in transmission connection with the drive motor. A sprocket is fixedly connected to the shaft of this power gear, which is called the driving sprocket, and the sprocket that is indirectly connected to the object being carried that tracks the sun through the screw and the knuckle mechanism is called the supporting sprocket. The so-called supporting sprocket is a sprocket that is indirectly connected to the object being carried that tracks the sun through the screw and the knuckle mechanism. The shafts of all supporting sprockets are hollow shafts. One end of the hollow shaft passes through the center of the sprocket and is fixedly connected to the sprocket, and the other end passes through the bearing cylinder. The so-called bearing cylinder is a cylindrical object equipped with at least two bearings. The bearing cylinder is fixed on the base plate, that is, the frame. The outer surface of the sprocket shaft is movably connected to the bearing cylinder, and the inner surface is made into a thread and meshes with the screw passing through the center of the sprocket. The upper end of the screw is connected to the object being carried through the knuckle mechanism. d. The pulley type variable-speed multi-branch system has a completely similar structure to the sprocket-wheel type variable-speed multi-branch system. The only difference is that the sprockets are replaced by pulleys and the chains are replaced by transmission belts, and the rest of the structure is exactly the same. e. The articulated mechanism is either a guide rail pulley type or a slot hole pin shaft type. The guide rail pulley type articulated mechanism includes a plate-shaped or rod-shaped guide rail, a pulley set, and a screw. The pulley set is composed of at least two pulleys and their rotating shafts or mandrels. The two pulleys clamp the two sides of the guide rail and run. The two shafts at the outermost ends of the pulley set are connected to the U-shaped clamping plate fixed at the top of the screw. The pulley is either a grooved pulley type or a non-grooved pulley type. The guide rail is connected to the object being carried that tracks the sun. f. The slot hole pin shaft type articulated mechanism includes a guide rail of a plate or rod with a strip-shaped slot hole, a pin shaft, and a screw. The pin shaft passes through the slot hole and is movably connected to the guide rail with the slot hole. The guide rail is connected to the object that tracks the sun. Both ends of the pin shaft pass through the U-shaped clamping plate fixed at the upper end of the screw. B. The azimuth tracking system includes an azimuth axis, an azimuth angle base plate, an azimuth angle core shaft, a thrust bearing, a worm and worm gear pair, a double flange cylinder, and a driver, or may additionally include a transmission, or may not include a transmission. The azimuth axis and the azimuth angle core shaft are both perpendicular to the ground plane, and the azimuth angle base plate is parallel to the ground plane. These three are fixedly connected to each other. The thrust bearing passes through the azimuth angle core shaft, with the azimuth angle base plate as the base. The central hole of the worm gear passes through the azimuth angle core shaft and presses on the thrust bearing, and is movably connected to the azimuth angle core shaft. The worm located on the azimuth angle base plate is in transmission connection with its driver, and the worm driven by the driver meshes with the worm gear. At least two bearings are installed inside the double flange cylinder. The so-called double flange cylinder is a cylindrical object whose upper and lower ends are respectively fixedly connected corresponding to the upper flange plate and the lower flange plate. The inner surface of the cylinder passes through the azimuth angle core shaft with the inner ring of the bearing as an intermediary. The lower flange plate of the cylinder is fixedly connected to the worm gear, and the upper flange plate of the cylinder is fixedly connected to the altitude angle frame. The upper plane of the altitude angle platform is connected to the altitude axis. The plate located below the frame is called the bottom plate. The altitude angle frame rotates around the azimuth axis during operation. The bottom plate is the carrier of the variable speed multi-branch system. Make the object being carried track the sun in the sun azimuth angle direction.
2. The stable and accurate multi-branch sun-tracking machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extension lines of the center line of the altitude axis and the center of the azimuth axis either have a coincident point or have no coincident point.
3. The stable and accurate multi-branch sun-tracking machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the gear strut type variable speed multi-branch system during operation, the upward support speeds of all the screws driven by the main shaft are equal, and the downward pull speeds are also equal. In other words, the structural parameters of each horizontal bevel gear pair driven by the main shaft are all equal. When the rotation directions of the horizontal bevel gears are opposite, the helix directions of the corresponding screws are also opposite, and all the screws driven by the main shaft, except for the helix directions, have the same structural parameters.
4. The stable and accurate multi-branch sun-tracking machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the worm gear strut type variable speed multi-strut system, during operation, the rising speeds of all the screws driven by the main shaft are equal, and the downward pulling speeds are also equal. In other words, except for the helix direction, the other structural parameters of each worm and worm gear pair driven by the main shaft are correspondingly equal. For two or more worm and worm gear pairs with equal structural parameters, when the rotation directions of the worm gears are opposite, the helix directions of the screws passing through the worm gears are also opposite, and for all the screws driven by the main shaft, except for the helix direction, the other structural parameters are equal.
5. The stable and accurate multi-strut solar tracking machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the sprocket strut type variable speed multi-strut system, during operation, for the screws connected to the carried object through the articulated mechanism, their rising speeds are equal, and their downward pulling speeds are also equal. In other words, the structural parameters of each supporting sprocket connected to these screws are equal. For two or more supporting sprockets with opposite rotation directions, the helix directions of the screws passing through their centers are also opposite, and for all the screws connected to the carried object through the articulated mechanism, except for the helix direction, the other structural parameters are equal.