Battery energy distribution unit structure and battery pack

Abstract

The utility model provides a battery energy distribution unit structure and a battery pack, and belongs to the technical field of power battery equipment. Comprising a BDU shell, a discharging high-voltage connector, a fast-charging high-voltage connector, a main positive relay, a main negative relay, a fast-charging positive relay and a fast-charging negative relay. The BDU shell comprises a bottom plate and a plurality of side plates arranged around the bottom plate, the main positive relay, the main negative relay, the fast charge positive relay and the fast charge negative relay are installed on the bottom plate, the discharge high-voltage connector and the fast charge high-voltage connector are installed on the side plates, the main positive relay is connected with the positive electrode of the discharge high-voltage connector, and the fast charge high-voltage connector is connected with the negative electrode of the discharge high-voltage connector. The main negative relay is connected with the negative electrode of the discharging high-voltage connector, the fast-charging positive relay is connected with the positive electrode of the fast-charging high-voltage connector, and the fast-charging negative relay is connected with the negative electrode of the fast-charging high-voltage connector. The safety problem caused by large occupied space and high working temperature rise due to connection arrangement defects between a battery energy distribution unit and a high-voltage connector in an existing battery pack can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of power battery equipment, in particular to a battery energy distribution unit structure and a battery pack. Background Art

[0002] The BDU (Battery Disconnect Unit) is also known as the battery cut-off unit and is an important component in the high-voltage circuit of new energy vehicles. The BDU is connected to the high-voltage plug through a busbar, controlling the charging and discharging processes of electric vehicles and being a crucial component in the high-voltage circuit. With the development of the electric vehicle industry, it has the characteristics of small volume, multiple circuits, high assembly precision, excellent insulation performance, good anti-vibration effect, and can withstand large loads.

[0003] In the related art, the battery energy distribution unit is usually arranged in the battery pack box of the power battery. Electrical connection points are arranged on its housing, and multiple busbars are used to connect the electrical connection points to the high-voltage connectors outside the box, and then the high-voltage connectors are plugged into the electrical component plugs of the vehicle to achieve charging and discharging between the battery pack and the electrical components of the vehicle.

[0004] Setting busbars in the battery pack box to connect the battery energy distribution unit and the high-voltage connectors requires connection operations in the narrow space inside the battery pack, which is inconvenient for installation and will greatly occupy the internal space of the battery pack. Moreover, with the improvement of the performance requirements of new energy vehicles, the battery needs to increase the charging and discharging power, and its charging and discharging current also increases accordingly. Working with excessive current for a long time will cause the temperature of the busbars and other surrounding electrical components to rise, easily causing safety hazards such as thermal runaway of the battery pack. Summary of the Utility Model

[0005] The embodiments of the utility model provide a battery energy distribution unit structure and a battery pack, which can solve the safety problems caused by the large space occupation and high working temperature due to the connection setting defects between the battery energy distribution unit and the high-voltage connectors in the existing battery pack. The technical solutions are as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, a battery energy distribution unit structure includes: a BDU housing, a discharge high-voltage connector, a fast-charging high-voltage connector, a main positive relay, a main negative relay, a fast-charging positive relay, and a fast-charging negative relay.

[0007] The BDU housing includes a bottom plate and a plurality of side plates arranged around the bottom plate. The main positive relay, the main negative relay, the fast charge positive relay, and the fast charge negative relay are mounted on the bottom plate. The discharge high-voltage connector and the fast charge high-voltage connector are mounted on the side plates. The main positive relay is connected to the positive pole of the discharge high-voltage connector. The main negative relay is connected to the negative pole of the discharge high-voltage connector. The fast charge positive relay is connected to the positive pole of the fast charge high-voltage connector. The fast charge negative relay is connected to the negative pole of the fast charge high-voltage connector.

[0008] Optionally, the discharge high-voltage connector and the fast charge high-voltage connector are spaced apart and mounted on the same side plate.

[0009] Optionally, the main positive relay and the discharge high-voltage connector, the main negative relay and the discharge high-voltage connector, the fast charge positive relay and the fast charge high-voltage connector, and the fast charge negative relay and the fast charge high-voltage connector are all connected by busbars.

[0010] Optionally, in the direction perpendicular to the side plate, the main negative relay and the fast charge negative relay are arranged to form a first relay group, and the main positive relay and the fast charge positive relay are arranged to form a second relay group. The first relay group and the second relay group are arranged at intervals in the direction parallel to the side plate.

[0011] Optionally, the battery energy distribution unit structure further includes a liquid cooling plate. The liquid cooling plate is disposed below the bottom plate. One end of the bottom plate is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet located outside the BDU box body. The water inlet and the water outlet are connected to the internal flow channel of the liquid cooling plate.

[0012] Optionally, the side plate is provided with a first through hole and a second through hole arranged at intervals in the horizontal direction. The discharge high-voltage connector and the fast charge high-voltage connector are correspondingly inserted and mounted in the first through hole and the second through hole.

[0013] Optionally, the thickness of the side plate on which the discharge high-voltage connector and the fast charge high-voltage connector are mounted is greater than the thickness of the other side plates.

[0014] Optionally, the side plate is provided with a first through hole and a second through hole arranged at intervals in the horizontal direction. The discharge high-voltage connector and the fast charge high-voltage connector are correspondingly inserted and mounted in the first through hole and the second through hole.

[0015] Optionally, connection pins are provided outside the two opposite side plates of the BDU housing, and mounting holes are provided on the connection pins.

[0016] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a battery pack, including the battery energy distribution unit structure described in the first aspect above.

[0017] The beneficial effects brought by the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention at least include:

[0018] By adopting the battery energy distribution unit structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention, electrical components such as the main positive relay, main negative relay, fast charge positive relay, and fast charge negative relay for forming a charge and discharge loop are installed through the internal space of the BDU housing. At the same time, the discharge high-voltage connector and fast charge high-voltage connector originally used for plug connection with electrical components outside the battery pack are integrated on the side plate of the BDU housing and can be directly connected to the external electrical component plug to form a charge and discharge loop. Compared with the existing solution that requires an additional busbar to be set between the electrical connection points of the battery energy distribution unit and the high-voltage connector, the number of busbars can be significantly reduced, and the occupied space inside the battery pack can be reduced. When the battery pack is working, with the reduction of the busbar, the heat generation in the corresponding section will also be reduced, thereby effectively solving the safety problems of large space occupation and high working temperature caused by the connection setting defect between the battery energy distribution unit and the high-voltage connector in the existing battery pack. Description of the Drawings

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the battery energy distribution unit structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a top view structure schematic diagram of the battery energy distribution unit structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 It is a front view structure schematic diagram of the battery energy distribution unit structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 It is an electrical connection schematic diagram of the battery energy distribution unit structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] In the figure: 1 - housing; 2 - discharge high - voltage connector; 3 - fast - charge high - voltage connector; 4 - main positive relay; 5 - main negative relay; 6 - fast - charge positive relay; 7 - fast - charge negative relay; 8 - busbar; 9 - liquid - cooling plate; 11 - bottom plate; 12 - side plate; 81 - first busbar; 82 - second busbar; 83 - third busbar; 84 - fourth busbar; 91 - water inlet; 92 - water outlet; 93 - cap; 121 - first through - hole; 122 - second through - hole; 123 - connection pin; 1231 - mounting hole; a - pre - charge relay; b - pre - charge resistor; c - main fuse; d - excitation fuse; e - current sensor; f - BMS main control module. Detailed implementation manners

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present utility model clearer, the embodiments of the present utility model will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0026] Figure 1 is a three - dimensional structure schematic diagram of the battery energy distribution unit structure provided by the embodiment of the present utility model; Figure 2 is a top - view structure schematic diagram of the battery energy distribution unit structure provided by the embodiment of the present utility model; Figure 3 is a front - view structure schematic diagram of the battery energy distribution unit structure provided by the embodiment of the present utility model; Figure 4 is an electrical connection schematic diagram of the battery energy distribution unit structure provided by the embodiment of the present utility model. As Figures 1 to 4 shown, the embodiment of the present utility model provides a battery energy distribution unit structure, including: BDU housing 1, discharge high - voltage connector 2, fast - charge high - voltage connector 3, main positive relay 4, main negative relay 5, fast - charge positive relay 6 and fast - charge negative relay 7.

[0027] Among them, the BDU housing 1 includes a bottom plate 11 and a plurality of side plates 12 arranged around the bottom plate 11. The main positive relay 4, main negative relay 5, fast - charge positive relay 6 and fast - charge negative relay 7 are installed on the bottom plate 11, and the discharge high - voltage connector 2 and fast - charge high - voltage connector 3 are installed on the side plates 12. The main positive relay 4 is connected to the positive pole of the discharge high - voltage connector 2, the main negative relay 5 is connected to the negative pole of the discharge high - voltage connector 2, the fast - charge positive relay 6 is connected to the positive pole of the fast - charge high - voltage connector 3, and the fast - charge negative relay 7 is connected to the negative pole of the fast - charge high - voltage connector 3.

[0028] In the embodiment of the present utility model, the BDU housing 1 is a rectangular box structure formed by surrounding a rectangular bottom plate 11 and four side plates 12, and is installed inside the battery pack box. In the internal space of the BDU housing 1, a main positive relay 4, a main negative relay 5, a fast charge positive relay 6, and a fast charge negative relay 7 are installed, and are respectively connected to a discharge high-voltage connector 2 and a fast charge high-voltage connector 3 installed on the side plate 12 through a bus bar 8. The bus bar 8 respectively includes a first bus bar 81, a second bus bar 82, a third bus bar 83, and a fourth bus bar 84. The main positive relay 4 is connected to the positive pole of the discharge high-voltage connector 2 through the first bus bar 81, the main negative relay 5 is connected to the negative pole of the discharge high-voltage connector 2 through the second bus bar 82, the fast charge positive relay 6 is connected to the positive pole of the fast charge high-voltage connector 3 through the third bus bar 83, and the fast charge negative relay 7 is connected to the negative pole of the fast charge high-voltage connector 3 through the fourth bus bar 84. The structure of the bus bar 8 in the embodiment of the present utility model is limited to connecting the relay components inside the BDU housing 1 to the connector components on the side plate 12. The inside of the BDU housing 1 also includes electrical components such as a pre-charge relay a, a pre-charge resistor b, a main fuse c, an excitation fuse d, and a current sensor e connected by wire harnesses, which together with the BMS main control module f of the battery management system form a complete charge and discharge loop, and its electrical connection schematic diagram is shown in Figure 4 . As Figure 4 shown, when the battery pack adopting the structure of this battery energy distribution unit works, the electrical component plug used to connect with the battery pack to form a charge and discharge loop is directly introduced from the outside of the battery pack housing, and is connected to the discharge high-voltage connector 2 and the fast charge high-voltage connector 3 on the side plate 12 of the BDU housing 1 to form a charge and discharge loop. When the battery pack discharges, the BMS main control module f controls the pre-charge relay a and the main negative relay 5 to close. After the pre-charge is completed, the main positive relay 4 is closed, and the pre-charge relay a is disconnected. At this time, the discharge high-voltage process is completed, and normal discharge can be carried out. When the battery pack charges, the BMS main control module f controls the fast charge positive relay 6 and the fast charge negative relay 7 to close. At this time, the charge high-voltage process is completed, and normal charge can be carried out. The active protection function is realized through the excitation fuse d. Once a serious fault occurs, such as a thermal runaway accident, when the vehicle controller judges that it is necessary to immediately disconnect the high-voltage circuit, the vehicle controller sends an electrical signal through the L1 and L2 circuits. The excitation fuse d is triggered by the electrical signal to activate the excitation device, so that the stored energy is released, and a break is quickly generated by mechanical force to complete the arc extinguishing of the large fault current, thereby cutting off the current, and the protection action can be realized within milliseconds. The passive protection function is realized by the main fuse c. When the current in the circuit exceeds the specified value, the main fuse c melts the fuse wire by the heat generated by itself, thereby disconnecting the circuit.

[0029] Adopting the battery energy distribution unit structure provided by the embodiments of the present utility model, it accommodates electrical components such as the main positive relay 4, main negative relay 5, fast charge positive relay 6, and fast charge negative relay 7 for forming a charge and discharge loop through the internal space of the BDU housing 1. At the same time, the discharge high-voltage connector 2 and fast charge high-voltage connector 3 originally used for plug connection with electrical components outside the battery pack are integrated on the side plate 12 of the BDU housing 1, and can be directly connected to external electrical component plugs to form a charge and discharge loop. Compared with the existing solution that requires an additional busbar to be set between the electrical connection points of the battery energy distribution unit and the high-voltage connector, the number of busbars can be significantly reduced, the occupied space inside the battery pack can be reduced, and with the reduction of the busbar during the operation of the battery pack, the heat generation in the corresponding section will also be reduced, thus effectively solving the safety problems caused by the large space occupation and high working temperature due to the connection setting defect between the battery energy distribution unit and the high-voltage connector in the existing battery pack.

[0030] Optionally, the discharge high-voltage connector 2 and the fast charge high-voltage connector 3 are installed at intervals on the same side plate 12. Exemplarily, in the embodiments of the present utility model, by installing the discharge high-voltage connector 2 and the fast charge high-voltage connector 3 on the same side plate 12 of the BDU housing 1, it is convenient for external electrical component plugs to be connected on the same side outside the BDU housing 1 for routing planning inside the battery pack box. Inside the BDU housing 1, it is convenient for bending and sorting planning of the busbar 8. Among them, in the direction perpendicular to the side plate 12, the main negative relay 5 and the fast charge negative relay 7 are arranged to form a first relay group, and the main positive relay 4 and the fast charge positive relay 6 are arranged to form a second relay group. The first relay group and the second relay group are arranged at intervals along the direction parallel to the side plate 12, that is, the length direction of the BDU housing 1. Sufficient space is provided to facilitate the insertion and arrangement of other electrical components such as the pre-charge relay a, pre-charge resistor b, main fuse c, excitation fuse d, and current sensor e, as well as connection wire harnesses. At the same time, by planning the connection positions of the connection points between the busbar 8 and the first relay group and the second relay group, the first busbar 81 and the second busbar 82 are set to first converge with each other, and turn to extend side by side at the middle position close to the discharge high-voltage connector 2, and finally bend to overlap with the tail terminal of the discharge high-voltage connector 2 extending into the BDU housing 1 and be fixed by bolts; the third busbar 83 and the fourth busbar 84 are set to be at a height lower than that of the first busbar 81 and the second busbar 82, and converge closely along the sides of the fast charge positive relay 6 and the fast charge negative relay 7, and turn to extend side by side at the middle position close to the fast charge high-voltage connector 3, and finally bend to overlap with the tail terminal of the fast charge high-voltage connector 3 extending into the BDU housing 1 and be fixed by bolts. A staggered arrangement result is formed, and the common space between the inner walls close to the same side plate 12 is shared, which is convenient for assembly and improves the space utilization rate inside the BDU housing 1.

[0031] Optionally, the battery energy distribution unit structure further includes a liquid cooling plate 9, which is arranged below the bottom plate 11. One end of the bottom plate 11 is provided with a water inlet nozzle 91 and a water outlet nozzle 92 located outside the BDU box body, and the water inlet nozzle 91 and the water outlet nozzle 92 are connected to the internal flow channel of the liquid cooling plate 9. Exemplarily, in the embodiment of the present invention, by arranging the liquid cooling plate 9 structure at the bottom of the BDU housing 1, a liquid cooling cycle connecting external cooling water can be formed through the internal flow channel of the liquid cooling plate 9 and the water inlet nozzle 91 and the water outlet nozzle 92, so as to exchange heat and equalize the temperature of the electrical components in the BDU housing 1, especially the working heat generation at the connection positions of the bus bar 8 structure and the high-voltage connector, reduce the internal environment temperature during the operation of the battery energy distribution unit structure, dissipate heat for each electrical component and the bus bar 8, improve the current-carrying capacity and slow down the aging speed, meet the high-rate continuous charging and discharging requirements of the battery pack, and further reduce the safety risk at the same time.

[0032] Optionally, the water inlet nozzle 91 and the water outlet nozzle 92 are provided with caps 93. Exemplarily, in the embodiment of the present invention, the caps can be removed for connection with the coolant circuit during assembly. When the battery energy distribution unit structure is not working, the water inlet nozzle 91 and the water outlet nozzle 92 can be covered and sealed by the caps 93 to avoid rust caused by long-term contact with external air.

[0033] Optionally, the thickness of the side plate 12 where the discharge high-voltage connector 2 and the fast-charging high-voltage connector 3 are installed is greater than that of other side plates 12. Exemplarily, in the embodiment of the present invention, by thickening the side plate 12 for loading the discharge high-voltage connector 2 and the fast-charging high-voltage connector 3, its mechanical strength and bearing capacity are improved, and deformation and damage caused by uneven load bearing during long-term operation are avoided, thereby improving the overall service life.

[0034] Optionally, the side plate 12 is provided with a first through hole 121 and a second through hole 122 arranged at intervals in the horizontal direction, and the discharge high-voltage connector 2 and the fast-charging high-voltage connector 3 are correspondingly inserted and installed in the first through hole 121 and the second through hole 122. Exemplarily, in the embodiment of the present invention, a detachable installation form of through-hole docking installation is adopted. During assembly, the discharge high-voltage connector 2 and the fast-charging high-voltage connector 3 are respectively aligned with the corresponding first through hole 121 and the second through hole 122, the sealing gaskets on their installation surfaces contact and compress the side plate 12, the installation bolts pass through the sealing gaskets of the high-voltage connectors and the side plate 12 in sequence, and finally are fixed on the BDU housing 1. Moreover, there is a riveting structure at the bolt installation position on the BDU housing 1. By compressing the sealing gasket and the riveting structure, the protection level of the battery pack can meet IP67 without setting other protection designs. At the same time, it is convenient for disassembly and replacement, further improving the overall service life.

[0035] Optionally, connection pins 123 are provided outside the opposite side plates 12 of the BDU housing 1, and mounting holes 1231 are provided on the connection pins 123. Exemplarily, in the implementation of the present utility model, the BDU housing 1 is fitted with corresponding mounting hole positions in the battery pack box through the mounting holes 1231 on the connection pins 123, and tightened and fixed by inserting bolts, so as to realize the overall fixed installation of the BDU housing 1 and the internal electrical components. Among them, the connection pins 123 are grouped in pairs, with a total of four, and are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the BDU housing 1 in the width direction of the housing, realizing the four-corner fixation of the battery energy distribution unit at intervals, with a simple structure and convenient installation and fastening.

[0036] The present utility model also provides a battery pack, including the Figures 1 to 4 battery energy distribution unit structure as shown. By adopting the battery energy distribution unit structure provided by the embodiment of the present utility model and assembling it in the box body of the battery pack, the main positive relay 4, main negative relay 5, fast charge positive relay 6, fast charge negative relay 7 and other electrical components for forming a charge and discharge circuit are installed through the internal space of the BDU housing 1. At the same time, the discharge high-voltage connector 2 and the fast charge high-voltage connector 3 originally used for connecting with the electrical component plugs outside the battery pack are integrated on the side plate 12 of the BDU housing 1, and can be directly connected with the external electrical component plugs to form a charge and discharge circuit. Compared with the existing solution in which an additional busbar needs to be provided between the electrical connection points of the battery energy distribution unit and the high-voltage connector, the number of busbars can be significantly reduced, the occupied space in the battery pack can be reduced, and the heat generation in the corresponding section will also be reduced when the battery pack is working, thus effectively solving the safety problems caused by the large space occupation and high working temperature due to the connection setting defect between the battery energy distribution unit and the high-voltage connector in the existing battery pack.

[0037] Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meanings as understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which this utility model pertains. The terms "first", "second" and similar words used in the description and claims of this utility model patent application do not denote any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Similarly, words such as "a" or "an" do not denote a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. Words such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the elements or items appearing before "comprising" or "including" cover the elements or items listed after "comprising" or "including" and their equivalents, and do not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "coupled" and the like are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right" etc. are only used to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationships may also change accordingly.

[0038] The above are only optional embodiments of this utility model, and are not intended to limit this utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of this utility model shall be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A battery energy distribution unit structure, characterized in that: include: BDU housing (1), discharge high voltage connector (2), fast charge high voltage connector (3), main positive relay (4), main negative relay (5), fast charge positive relay (6) and fast charge negative relay (7), The BDU housing (1) comprises a base plate (11) and a plurality of side plates (12) arranged around the base plate (11); the main positive relay (4), the main negative relay (5), the fast charging positive relay (6) and the fast charging negative relay (7) are mounted on the base plate (11); the discharge high voltage connector (2) and the fast charging high voltage connector (3) are mounted on the side plates (12); the main positive relay (4) is connected to the positive pole of the discharge high voltage connector (2); the main negative relay (5) is connected to the negative pole of the discharge high voltage connector (2); the fast charging positive relay (6) is connected to the positive pole of the fast charging high voltage connector (3); and the fast charging negative relay (7) is connected to the negative pole of the fast charging high voltage connector (3).

2. A battery energy distribution unit structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge high-voltage connector (2) and the fast-charge high-voltage connector (3) are installed at intervals on the same side plate (12).

3. A battery energy distribution unit structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The main positive relay (4) and the discharge high-voltage connector (2), the main negative relay (5) and the discharge high-voltage connector (2), the fast-charge positive relay (6) and the fast-charge high-voltage connector (3), and the fast-charge negative relay (7) and the fast-charge high-voltage connector (3) are all connected via a bus (8).

4. A battery energy distribution unit structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: In a direction perpendicular to the side plate (12), the main negative relay (5) and the fast charging negative relay (7) are arranged to form a first relay group, and the main positive relay (4) and the fast charging positive relay (6) are arranged to form a second relay group. The first relay group and the second relay group are arranged at intervals in a direction parallel to the side plate (12).

5. A battery energy distribution unit structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The battery energy distribution unit structure also includes a liquid cooling plate (9), which is arranged below the base plate (11); one end of the base plate (11) is provided with a water inlet (91) and a water outlet (92) located outside the BDU shell; the water inlet (91) and the water outlet (92) are connected to the internal flow channel of the liquid cooling plate (9).

6. A battery energy distribution unit structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The water inlet nozzle (91) and the water outlet nozzle (92) are provided with cover caps (93).

7. A battery energy distribution unit structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The thickness of the side plate (12) on which the discharge high-voltage connector (2) and the fast-charge high-voltage connector (3) are installed is greater than the thickness of the other side plates (12).

8. A battery energy distribution unit structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The side plate (12) is provided with a first through hole (121) and a second through hole (122) arranged at intervals in a horizontal direction, and the discharge high-voltage connector (2) and the fast-charge high-voltage connector (3) are correspondingly plugged and installed in the first through hole (121) and the second through hole (122).

9. A battery energy distribution unit structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The outsides of the two opposite side panels (12) of the BDU housing (1) are provided with connection pins (123), and the connection pins (123) are provided with mounting holes (1231).

10. A battery pack, characterized in that: Comprising a battery energy distribution unit structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

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