Limiting mechanism and tunnel punching equipment based on same

Abstract

The utility model relates to a limiting mechanism which is used for clamping and limiting a drill bit of a puncher and comprises an upper-layer U-shaped limiting assembly and a lower-layer U-shaped limiting assembly which can be transversely adjusted, a first limiting plate is arranged on the lower layer of the limiting assembly, a second limiting plate is arranged on the upper layer of the limiting assembly, and V-shaped bayonets are oppositely arranged in the centers of the ends of the first limiting plate and the second limiting plate respectively. A quadrangular space formed by the two bayonets in a staggered mode is connected with a drill bit of the puncher in a clamped mode in the radial direction, and spraying assemblies used for spraying and cooling when the puncher drills holes are embedded in the two bayonets respectively. The tunnel drilling equipment comprises the limiting mechanism. The limiting assembly is matched with the spraying assembly, puncher drill bits of different sizes can be limited, the drill bits are prevented from deviating or shaking, the punching precision is improved, spraying cooling can be conducted during punching, heat generated in the punching process of the drill bits can be effectively reduced, abrasion or breakage caused by overheat of the drill bits is avoided, and the service life of the puncher is prolonged. Therefore, the service life of the drill bit is prolonged, and the safety of punching operation is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of tunnel drilling, and particularly relates to a limiting mechanism and a tunnel drilling device based on the mechanism. Background Technique

[0002] The freezing method construction utilizes artificial refrigeration technology. By drilling holes in the formation and introducing a circulating low-temperature medium (such as liquid nitrogen or brine), the water in the formation freezes, transforming the loose water-containing rock and soil into frozen soil, forming a hard frozen soil curtain, which can effectively isolate groundwater and improve the stability and bearing capacity of the formation. The freezing method construction is mainly applied to the excavation construction of coal mine shafts. In recent years, it has been extended to other civil engineering projects, such as subway construction, tunnel engineering, leakage plugging and rescue construction of underground projects, etc. Especially in the construction of urban subway projects, the freezing method construction has become an important construction method.

[0003] When constructing a subway tunnel under complex geological conditions, the freezing method construction technology can form a stable construction environment in the formation, provide strong guarantee for tunnel construction, and significantly reduce the construction difficulty and risk. However, most of the existing tunnel drilling devices need to be operated by an operator holding them by hand. Due to the poor stability of the hand-held device, the operator needs to keep the hand stable for a long time and apply force evenly. Otherwise, it will cause the drilling to deviate, affecting the construction effect. Moreover, when drilling, another worker is required to sprinkle water over a large area at the drilling position for cooling, increasing the labor cost and causing waste of water resources. Content of the Utility Model

[0004] Aiming at the deficiencies existing in the prior art, the utility model provides a limiting mechanism and a tunnel drilling device based on the mechanism. The specific technical solutions are as follows:

[0005] The utility model provides a limiting mechanism for clamping and limiting the drill bit of a drilling tool. The limiting mechanism includes an upper and a lower layer of a U-shaped limiting component that can be adjusted horizontally. The lower layer of the limiting component is a first limiting plate, and the upper layer is a second limiting plate. V-shaped clamping openings are respectively arranged oppositely at the centers of the ends of the first limiting plate and the second limiting plate. The quadrilateral space formed by the misaligned layers of the two clamping openings is radially clamped with the drill bit of the drilling tool, and spray components for spraying and cooling during the drilling of the drilling tool are respectively embedded in the two clamping openings.

[0006] As a preferred technical solution of the utility model, the spray component includes a plurality of spray heads vertically embedded at equal intervals on the two inner vertical surfaces of the clamping opening, and the plurality of spray heads on the first limiting plate and the second limiting plate are respectively communicated and supplied with water by a water inlet pipe arranged on the side surface of the corresponding limiting plate.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution of the present utility model, long sliding grooves are respectively formed in the two vertical portions of the first limiting plate, short sliding grooves are respectively formed in the two vertical portions of the second limiting plate, and four bolts are slidably screwed in the long sliding grooves. Two of the bolts pass through the long sliding grooves and are respectively screwed with the corresponding two short sliding grooves, and the first limiting plate can be horizontally positioned and moved along a lifting assembly arranged at its bottom through the four bolts.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of the present utility model, the lifting assembly includes a transverse movement plate whose bottom is screwed to the first limiting plate. A guide rod is vertically fixed in the middle of the top surface of the transverse movement plate. A rack bar is attached to the outer side surface of the guide rod. The limiting assembly is clamped outside the rack bar. A slider is externally meshed and arranged with the guide rod and the rack bar. A lifting wheel perpendicular to and meshed with the rack bar is connected through the outer surface of the slider. The side surface of the slider is detachably connected to the punch.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present utility model, the transverse movement plate can be horizontally positioned and moved along a support base arranged at its bottom. A rectangular punching opening for the punch to punch is formed through the middle of the support base. Positioning grooves with an inverted 'T'-shaped longitudinal section are respectively formed in the two long side portions of the support base. The bottom ends of the four bolts are respectively slidably clamped and arranged in pairs in the corresponding positioning grooves, and the screw rod ends of the bolts all pass through the sliding grooves and the transverse movement plate and are screwed with the limiting assembly.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present utility model, two rotating support wheels are symmetrically rotatably arranged on the top surfaces of the two limiting plates respectively along the angular bisector of the clamping angle. The bottom edges of the four rotating support wheels protrude from the hypotenuse edges of the corresponding clamping openings.

[0011] The present utility model also provides a tunnel punching device, including the limiting mechanism as described above, and the punching device is a punch with a detachable drill bit.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present utility model are:

[0013] The limiting mechanism of this practical effect is used in cooperation with the lifting component through the limiting component to adjustably limit the puncher, preventing the puncher from shaking or deviating during the punching process, further improving the accuracy and stability of punching, and also improving the construction precision, preventing equipment damage or casualties caused by improper operation; the support base provides the conditions for the movement and positioning of the limiting component and the lifting component, enabling the limiting component to be adjusted within a certain range to adapt to different models of punchers, improving the applicability and flexibility of the limiting component, and the support base provides stable support for the punching equipment, ensuring safety during the construction process, being able to effectively resist the reaction force during the punching process, and ensuring construction safety; under the combined action of the lifting component and the support base, the puncher moves horizontally and is vertically lifted on the lifting component along the support frame, enabling the punching equipment to flexibly adjust the punching position without moving the overall equipment, enhancing the flexibility of the punching equipment operation, expanding the operation range, and improving the construction efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 Fig. 6 shows the schematic structural diagram (1) of the punching equipment in the present utility model when it is lifted;

[0015] Figure 2 Fig. 10 shows the schematic structural diagram (2) of the punching equipment in the present utility model when it is lifted;

[0016] Figure 3 Fig. 14 shows the main view of the structural assembly of the limiting mechanism and the punching equipment in the present utility model;

[0017] Figure 4 Fig. 18 shows the schematic structural diagram (1) of the assembly of the limiting mechanism and the punching equipment in the present utility model;

[0018] Figure 5 Fig. 22 shows the schematic structural diagram (2) of the assembly of the limiting mechanism and the punching equipment in the present utility model;

[0019] Figure 6 Fig. 26 shows the schematic structural diagram of the limiting mechanism in the present utility model;

[0020] Figure 7 Fig. 30 shows the schematic structural diagram of the punching equipment without the limiting component assembled in the present utility model.

[0021] As shown in the figure: 1. Support base; 11. Positioning groove; 12. Bolt; 2. Lifting component; 21. Transverse movement plate; 22. Guide rod; 23. Rack rod; 24. Slide block; 25. Lifting wheel; 3. Limiting component; 31. First limiting plate; 311. Long sliding groove; 32. Second limiting plate; 321. Short sliding groove; 33. Bayonet; 34. Rotating support wheel; 4. Puncher; 5. Spraying component; 51. Spraying head; 52. Water inlet pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0022] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present utility model more clear and understandable, the following further details the present utility model in conjunction with embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present utility model and are not used to limit the present utility model.

[0023] Embodiment 1

[0024] To solve the technical problems in the background art, the following provides a limiting mechanism and a tunnel drilling device based on this mechanism:

[0025] Combined with Figures 1 to 6 As shown, a limiting mechanism is used to clamp and limit the drill bit of the drill 4. The limiting mechanism includes an upper and a lower layer and a laterally adjustable U-shaped limiting component 3. The lower layer of the limiting component 3 is the first limiting plate 31, and the upper layer is the second limiting plate 32. At the center of the ends of the first limiting plate 31 and the second limiting plate 32, V-shaped notches 33 are respectively arranged facing each other. The quadrilateral space formed by the staggered layers of the two notches 33 is radially clamped with the drill bit of the drill 4, and spray components 5 for spraying and cooling during the drilling of the drill 4 are respectively embedded in the two notches 33.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, the limiting component 3 in the limiting mechanism is arranged in cooperation with the upper and lower layers and laterally adjustable U-shaped first limiting plate 31 and second limiting plate 32, so that the limiting mechanism can flexibly adapt to drill bits of different diameters, can be widely applied to various specifications of drills 4, and enhances its versatility and flexibility; the V-shaped notches 33 on the two limiting plates are arranged facing each other, which not only facilitates quick alignment with the drill bit, but also ensures that the drill bit maintains a stable axial and radial position during operation, preventing deviation or shaking, thereby improving the accuracy and consistency of drilling; the spray components 5 arranged in the two V-shaped notches 33 can be automatically started during the drilling of the drill 4 to spray and cool the drill bit, which can effectively reduce the heat generated during the high-speed rotation and friction with the material of the drill bit, avoid performance degradation, increased wear and even fracture caused by overheating of the drill bit, thereby extending the service life of the drill bit and improving the safety and efficiency of the drilling operation; the limiting mechanism reduces the risks during the drilling process, such as potential dangers such as drill bit deviation and fracture and splashing through stable limiting and effective cooling measures, and provides a safer working environment for operators.

[0027] Embodiment 2

[0028] Combined with Figures 1 to 7 Based on the above embodiment, the following further content is given in this embodiment:

[0029] Combined with Figures 1 to 6As shown, in this embodiment, the spraying assembly 5 includes a plurality of spray heads 51 vertically embedded at equal intervals in the two inner vertical surfaces of the bayonet 33, and the plurality of spray heads 51 on the first limiting plate 31 and the second limiting plate 32 are respectively connected and supplied with water by water inlet pipes 52 provided on the sides of the corresponding limiting plates.

[0030] By adopting the above technical solution, the spraying assembly 5 sprays water when the punch 4 punches holes. The plurality of spray heads 51 arranged at equal intervals on the two limiting plates can ensure that the sprayed water evenly covers each part of the drill bit, ensuring that each position of the drill bit can be effectively cooled during drilling, avoiding local overheating of the drill bit, and extending the service life of the drill bit; the plurality of spray heads 51 are vertically arranged on the inner vertical surface of the bayonet 33, which is conducive to forming a dense and uniform water curtain, improving the efficiency and coverage of water flow distribution, ensuring the balanced distribution of water flow between each spray head 51, and avoiding the situation that the water flow is too strong or too weak in some areas; each spray head 51 is directly connected to the corresponding water inlet pipe 52 to form two independent water supply systems. When the spray heads 51 on one side stop working due to a fault, the other side can still continue to work normally, not only ensuring the continuity and stability of the punching operation, but also helping to adjust the water flow intensity and spraying time on different sides according to requirements; the spraying and cooling of the spraying assembly 5 not only helps to protect the drill bit, but also improves the working environment, reduces the heat and dust generated during drilling, helps to keep the working area clean and cool, and provides better working conditions for the operators.

[0031] Combined Figures 1 to 5 、 Figure 7 As shown, long sliding grooves 311 are respectively formed in the two vertical parts of the first limiting plate 31, short sliding grooves 321 are respectively formed in the two vertical parts of the second limiting plate 32, and four bolts 12 are slidably screwed in the long sliding grooves 311. Two of the bolts 12 pass through the long sliding grooves 311 and are respectively screwed into the corresponding two short sliding grooves 321, and the first limiting plate 31 can be horizontally positioned and moved along the lifting assembly 2 provided at its bottom through the four bolts 12.

[0032] By adopting the above technical solution, the long sliding grooves 311 and short sliding grooves 321 on the two limiting plates are respectively used in cooperation with the corresponding bolts 12, which can not only realize the horizontal adjustment and positioning of the limiting component 3 on the lifting component 2, adapt to the change of the axial position when the drill bit of the punching tool 4 on the lifting component 2 is replaced with different specifications, but also realize the horizontal adjustment and positioning of the second limiting plate 32 on the first limiting plate 31 to meet the size requirements of drill bits of punching tools 4 with different specifications. It not only realizes the positioning function, but also enhances the adaptability and reliability of the whole structure; By adopting the connection method of bolts 12, when the positions of the first limiting plate 31 and the second limiting plate 32 need to be adjusted, replaced or maintained, only the bolts 12 need to be simply loosened, without complex disassembly process, which greatly reduces the maintenance cost and time and improves the work efficiency.

[0033] Combined with Figures 1 to 5 、 Figure 7 As shown, the lifting component 2 includes a transverse moving plate 21 whose bottom is screwed to the first limiting plate 31. A guiding rod 22 is vertically fixed in the middle of the top surface of the transverse moving plate 21. A rack bar 23 is attached to the outer side of the guiding rod 22. The limiting component 3 is clamped on the outer side of the rack bar 23. A slider 24 is arranged on the outer side of the rack bar 23 and is externally meshed with the guiding rod 22. A lifting wheel 25 perpendicular to the rack bar 23 is inserted through the outer surface of the slider 24. The side of the slider 24 is detachably connected to the punching tool 4.

[0034] By adopting the above technical solution, the lifting component 2 uses the transverse moving plate 21 screwed to the first limiting plate 31 at the bottom as a base, which not only ensures the stability of the lifting component 2, but also facilitates the installation and disassembly of the whole component; The precise cooperation between the rack bar 23 and the lifting wheel 25 enables the slider 24 to accurately reach the designated position during the movement, thus ensuring the high-precision positioning of the punching tool 4, improving the accuracy and consistency of punching, and further improving the adaptability and flexibility of the punching device; The detachable connection design between the side of the slider 24 and the punching tool 4 makes the replacement and maintenance of the punching tool 4 more convenient and fast.

[0035] Combined with Figures 1 to 5 、 Figure 7 As shown, the transverse moving plate 21 can be horizontally positioned and moved along the support base 1 arranged at its bottom. A rectangular punching hole for the punching tool 4 to punch is formed through the middle of the support base 1. Positioning grooves 11 with a "convex" cross-section are respectively horizontally opened on the two long sides of the support base 1. The bottom ends of the four bolts 12 are respectively slidably clamped and matched in the corresponding positioning grooves 11, and the screw rod ends of the bolts 12 pass through the sliding grooves and the transverse moving plate 21 and are screwed to the limiting component 3.

[0036] By adopting the above technical solution, the lifting assembly 2 and the support base 1 are cooperatively arranged, enabling the punch 4 to not only adjust its position in the vertical direction but also move flexibly in the horizontal direction, further expanding the coverage range and flexibility of the punching operation; the rectangular punching opening penetrating through the middle of the support base 1 provides sufficient operating space for the punch 4, ensuring that the punch 4 can be smoothly operated; the sliding clamping fit design between the two positioning grooves 11 on the support base 1 and the bottoms of the four bolts 12 realizes the stable positioning of the transverse movement plate 21 during the movement process. The positioning groove 11 with an inverted 'T' shape not only increases the contact area and improves the connection stability but also allows the bolt 12 to slide smoothly within the positioning groove 11, thereby driving the transverse movement plate 21 to move horizontally. At the same time, the threaded end of the bolt 12 passes through the sliding groove and the transverse movement plate 21 and is screwed with the limiting assembly 3, further locking the position of the transverse movement plate 21 to ensure that it will not shift during the punching process and improving the punching accuracy.

[0037] Combined with Figures 1 to 6 As shown, two rotating support wheels 34 are symmetrically rotatably arranged on the top surfaces of the two limiting plates along the angle bisectors of the clamping openings 33, and the bottom edges of the four rotating support wheels 34 protrude from the hypotenuse edges of the corresponding clamping openings 33.

[0038] By adopting the above technical solution, the two rotating support wheels 34 respectively arranged on the top surfaces of the two limiting plates can be rotationally and cooperatively clamped on the outer peripheral surface of the drill bit of the punch 4, preventing the punch 4 from shifting or shaking during punching. Moreover, the bottom edges of the four rotating support wheels 34 protrude from the hypotenuse edges of the corresponding clamping openings 33, enabling the rotating support wheels 34 to better contact the drill bit of the punch 4, forming a more stable support point, improving the reliability and durability of the punching equipment; the four rotating support wheels 34 help reduce the direct contact between the drill bit of the punch 4 and the hypotenuse edges of the clamping openings 33 during drilling, thereby reducing friction and wear, helping to protect the surface quality of the drill bit, extending the service life of the equipment and tools, improving the punching speed and efficiency, and reducing the operation difficulty and labor intensity.

[0039] Embodiment 3

[0040] Combined with Figures 1 to 7 As shown, on the basis of the above embodiment, the following content is further given in this embodiment:

[0041] In this embodiment, a tunnel punching device includes the limiting mechanism as described above, and the punching device is a punch 4 with a detachable drill bit.

[0042] By adopting the above technical solution, the punch 4 is designed with a detachable drill bit, enabling the user to easily replace drill bits of different specifications, materials or shapes according to requirements of different hole depths or diameters. This greatly expands the application range of the punch 4, improves the versatility and usage efficiency of the punching equipment, realizes more flexible and precise punching operations, and the detachable drill bit setting makes the replacement of the drill bit simple and fast, reducing the downtime and operation complexity, and also reducing the probability of potential dangers such as drill bit breakage or flying out.

[0043] The working principle and usage process of the present utility model are as follows:

[0044] First, manually move the punching equipment to the place in the subway tunnel where punching is required, make the support base 1 of the punching equipment stable at the place where punching is required, then adjust the punch 4 to a suitable height on the lifting assembly 2. Then, loosen the four bolts 12, slide the lifting assembly 2 to a suitable position on the support frame, and then adjust the positions of the first limiting plate 31 and the second limiting plate 32 to make the bayonet 33 engaged with the drill bit of the punch 4. At this time, the four rotating support wheels 34 are in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the drill bit. Then, tighten the four bolts 12 to fix the lifting assembly 2 and the limiting assembly 3 on the support base 1. Then, start the punch 4 to punch holes, and at the same time supply water to the plurality of spray heads 51 through the water inlet pipe 52 on the first limiting plate 31 and the second limiting plate 32, and spray and cool the punching area of the punch 4. When the punching is completed, stop the spray cooling, adjust the bolts 12 to position and move the punch 4 to the next punching position above and below the support base 11, and perform punching until the punching operations of multiple freezing holes on the straight line are completed. Then, move the punching equipment to the next site.

[0045] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present utility model shall be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A limit mechanism for clamping a drill bit of a limit punch (4), characterized in that: The limiting mechanism comprises an upper and lower U-shaped limiting assembly (3) which can be adjusted laterally, wherein the lower layer of the limiting assembly (3) is a first limiting plate (31), and the upper layer is a second limiting plate (32), and the ends of the first limiting plate (31) and the second limiting plate (32) are respectively provided with V-shaped bayonet holes (33) facing each other at the center, and the quadrilateral space formed by the staggered layers of the two bayonet holes (33) is radially engaged with the drill bit of the punch (4), and the two bayonet holes (33) are respectively embedded with spray assemblies (5) for spraying and cooling the punch (4) when drilling holes.

2. A limiting mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spray assembly (5) comprises a plurality of spray heads (51) which are vertically embedded at equal intervals on two inner facades of the bayonet (33), and the plurality of spray heads (51) on the first limiting plate (31) and the second limiting plate (32) are respectively connected and supplied with water by water inlet pipes (52) arranged on the side surfaces of the corresponding limiting plates.

3. A limiting mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The two vertical parts of the first limiting plate (31) are respectively provided with long sliding grooves (311), and the two vertical parts of the second limiting plate (32) are respectively provided with short sliding grooves (321), and four bolts (12) are slidably screwed in the long sliding grooves (311), wherein two of the bolts (12) pass through the long sliding grooves (311) and are screwed with the corresponding two short sliding grooves (321), and the first limiting plate (31) can be positioned and moved laterally along the lifting assembly (2) arranged at the bottom thereof through the four bolts (12).

4. A limiting mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lifting assembly (2) comprises a transverse plate (21) whose bottom is screwed to the first limiting plate (31); a guide rod (22) is vertically arranged in the middle of the top surface of the transverse plate (21); a rack rod (23) is attached to the outer side of the guide rod (22); the limiting assembly (3) is clamped to the outer side of the rack rod (23); a slider (24) is arranged in external transmission engagement between the rack rod (23) and the guide rod (22); a lifting wheel (25) vertically engaged with the rack rod (23) is passed through the outer surface of the slider (24); and the side of the slider (24) is detachably connected to the puncher (4).

5. A limiting mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: The transverse plate (21) can be positioned and moved transversely along the support seat (1) arranged at the bottom thereof. A rectangular punching opening for the puncher (4) to punch is provided through the middle of the support seat (1). Positioning grooves (11) with an inverted T-shaped longitudinal section are provided transversely on the two long sides of the support seat (1). The bottom ends of the four bolts (12) are respectively slidably engaged in pairs in the corresponding positioning grooves (11), and the screw ends of the bolts (12) pass through the slide groove and the transverse plate (21) and are screwed to the limit assembly (3).

6. A limiting mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: Two rotating support wheels (34) are respectively arranged on the top surfaces of the two limiting plates so as to rotate symmetrically along the angle bisector of the bayonet (33), and the bottom edges of the four rotating support wheels (34) protrude from the corresponding oblique edges of the bayonet (33).

7. A tunnel drilling device, characterized in that: It comprises a limiting mechanism as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the punching device is a puncher (4) with a detachable drill bit.

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