Electronic water valve, thermal management system and vehicle

Abstract

The utility model discloses an electronic water valve, a heat management system and a vehicle. The electronic water valve comprises a valve shell, a valve element and a rotating mechanism used for driving the valve element to rotate. A first liquid inlet and at least two first liquid outlets are formed in the valve shell, the rotating mechanism is rotatably installed on the valve shell, and the valve element is fixedly installed on the rotating mechanism. According to the technical scheme, when the rotating mechanism drives the valve element to rotate to the first position, the first liquid inlet in the valve shell is at least communicated with the two first liquid outlets in the valve shell; when the valve core rotates to the second position, the first liquid inlet in the valve shell is communicated with one first liquid outlet in the valve shell, so that one first liquid inlet and at least two first liquid outlets work at the same time, and the speed of balancing the thermal performance of the battery is increased; in addition, the valve element can be rotated to the second position, so that one first liquid inlet is communicated with one first liquid outlet, and the electronic water valve can meet different requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of new energy vehicles, in particular to an electronic water valve, a thermal management system and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy vehicles, the requirement for the cruising range of new energy vehicles is getting higher and higher. The cruising range of new energy vehicles is closely related to the thermal balance performance of the battery and the thermal management system. Among them, in the thermal management system of the battery, devices such as an electronic water pump and an electronic water valve are key devices of the thermal management system, which provide cold and hot coolant for the battery during operation.

[0003] At present, the electronic water valves applied to the thermal management system of the battery are mostly two-position four-way, two-position six-way, two-position eight-way and other electronic water valves. During application, only one-in-one-out of the control channels can be realized, that is, one water inlet channel is communicated with one water outlet channel, and one liquid inlet cannot work with multiple liquid outlets at the same time, and the speed of balancing the thermal performance of the battery is slow.

[0004] Therefore, the prior art still needs to be improved and developed. Summary of the Utility Model

[0005] In view of the above deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present utility model is to provide an electronic water valve, a thermal management system and a vehicle to solve the problem that one liquid inlet cannot work with multiple liquid outlets at the same time in the prior art, and the speed of balancing the thermal performance of the battery is slow.

[0006] The present utility model provides an electronic water valve, comprising: a valve housing, a valve core and a rotating mechanism for driving the valve core to rotate;

[0007] A first liquid inlet and at least two first liquid outlets are arranged on the valve housing. The rotating mechanism is rotatably installed on the valve housing, and the valve core is fixedly installed on the rotating mechanism;

[0008] Wherein, when the rotating mechanism drives the valve core to rotate to the first position, the first liquid inlet on the valve housing is communicated with at least two first liquid outlets on the valve housing; when the valve core rotates to the second position, the first liquid inlet on the valve housing is communicated with one first liquid outlet on the valve housing.

[0009] In a further setting of the present utility model, the first liquid inlet and the first liquid outlet are respectively arranged on the side wall of the valve housing.

[0010] In a further setting of the present utility model, the first liquid inlet and the first liquid outlet extend out of the side wall of the valve housing.

[0011] Further arrangement of the present utility model: A first chamber is provided on the valve housing, the first chamber is communicated with the first liquid inlet and the first liquid outlet, and the valve core is located in the first chamber.

[0012] Further arrangement of the present utility model: A sealing cover for sealing the top of the first chamber is provided on the top of the valve core.

[0013] Further arrangement of the present utility model: The rotating mechanism includes a first rotating shaft, the first rotating shaft is rotatably installed on the valve housing, one end of the first rotating shaft extends out of the valve housing, and the other end of the first rotating shaft is located in the first chamber.

[0014] Further arrangement of the present utility model: The valve housing includes: a base and a first housing having a hollow chamber;

[0015] The first housing is provided on the base, and the hollow chamber of the first housing is the first chamber.

[0016] Further arrangement of the present utility model: The valve core is provided with a flow-through channel. When the rotating mechanism drives the valve core to rotate to the first position, the flow-through channel on the valve core communicates the first liquid inlet on the valve housing with at least two first liquid outlets on the valve housing; when the valve core rotates to the second position, the flow-through channel on the valve core communicates the first liquid inlet on the valve housing with one first liquid outlet on the valve housing.

[0017] The present utility model also provides a thermal management system, including: the electronic water valve as described above.

[0018] The present utility model also provides a vehicle, including: the thermal management system as described above.

[0019] Advantages of the present utility model:

[0020] The present utility model provides an electronic water valve, a thermal management system and a vehicle. The electronic water valve includes: a valve housing, a valve core and a rotating mechanism for driving the valve core to rotate; a first liquid inlet and at least two first liquid outlets are arranged on the valve housing, the rotating mechanism is rotatably installed on the valve housing, and the valve core is fixedly installed on the rotating mechanism; wherein, when the rotating mechanism drives the valve core to rotate to a first position, the first liquid inlet on the valve housing is communicated with at least two first liquid outlets on the valve housing; when the valve core rotates to a second position, the first liquid inlet on the valve housing is communicated with one first liquid outlet on the valve housing. In the technical solution of the present utility model, the valve core is driven to rotate by the rotating mechanism. Among them, when the valve core rotates to the first position, the first liquid inlet on the valve housing is communicated with at least two first liquid outlets on the valve housing, so that when the medium flows through, one first liquid inlet is communicated with at least two first liquid outlets, realizing that one first liquid inlet and at least two first liquid outlets work simultaneously, and the speed of balancing the thermal performance of the battery becomes faster; in addition, the valve core can also be rotated to the second position to communicate one first liquid inlet with one first liquid outlet, so that the electronic water valve can meet different requirements. Description of the Drawings

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present utility model or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present utility model. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings.

[0022] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the electronic water valve in the present utility model.

[0023] Figure 2 It is an exploded view of the electronic water valve in the present utility model.

[0024] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the valve housing in an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0025] Figure 4 It is an installation structure of the valve housing and the rotating mechanism in an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0026] Figure 5 It is a state diagram of the valve core rotating to the second position in the first case in an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0027] Figure 6 It is a state diagram of the valve core rotating to the second position in the second case in an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0028] Figure 7 It is a state diagram when the valve core rotates to the second position in the third case of an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0029] Figure 8 It is a state diagram when the valve core rotates to the first position in the first case of an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0030] Figure 9 It is a state diagram when the valve core rotates to the first position in the second case of an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0031] Figure 10 It is a state diagram when the valve core rotates to the first position in the third case of an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0032] Marks in the attached drawings: 1, electronic water valve; 11, valve housing; 111, first housing; 112, base; 113, first liquid inlet; 114, first pipe; 115, first liquid outlet; 116, second pipe; 117, first chamber; 12, valve core; 121, first opening; 122, second opening; 123, third opening; 124, fourth opening; 125, fifth opening; 126, flow-through channel; 13, rotating mechanism; 131, first rotating shaft; 14, sealing cover. Detailed implementation manners

[0033] For a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives, and effects of the present utility model, the detailed implementation manners of the present utility model will now be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. In the following description, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationships indicated by "front", "rear", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "longitudinal", "transverse", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "head", "tail", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the attached drawings and are constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and are only for the convenience of describing the present technical solution, rather than indicating that the indicated device or element must have a specific orientation, so it should not be construed as a limitation to the present utility model.

[0034] In addition, the technical solutions between various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the premise that those skilled in the art can implement it. When the combination of technical solutions results in contradictions or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the protection scope required by the present utility model.

[0035] Such as Figure 1 、 Figure 2As shown in the figure, the present utility model provides an electronic water valve 1, which may include a valve housing 11, a valve core 12, and a rotating mechanism 13 for driving the valve core 12 to rotate; a first liquid inlet 113 and at least two first liquid outlets 115 are provided on the valve housing 11, the rotating mechanism 13 is rotatably installed on the valve housing 11, and the valve core 12 is fixedly installed on the rotatable mechanism 13.

[0036] Wherein, when the rotating mechanism 13 drives the valve core 12 to rotate to the first position, the first liquid inlet 113 on the valve housing 11 is at least in communication with two first liquid outlets 115 on the valve housing 11; when the valve core 12 rotates to the second position, the first liquid inlet 113 on the valve housing 11 is in communication with one first liquid outlet 115 on the valve housing 11.

[0037] When specifically balancing the thermal performance of the battery, the rotating mechanism 13 can be used to drive the valve core 12 to rotate. When it is necessary to quickly balance the thermal performance of the battery, the rotating mechanism 13 can be used to drive the valve core 12 to rotate to the first position, so that at least two first liquid outlets 115 are in communication with the first liquid inlet 113. At this time, at least two first liquid outlets 115 discharge liquid to balance the thermal performance of the battery. Compared with using one first liquid outlet 115 to balance the thermal performance of the battery, the speed of balancing the thermal performance of the battery becomes faster.

[0038] Furthermore, when it is not necessary to quickly balance the thermal performance of the battery, the rotating mechanism 13 can also be used to drive the valve core 12 to rotate to the second position, so that the first liquid inlet 113 is in communication with one first liquid outlet 115. At this time, it is equivalent to an electronic water valve with one inlet and one outlet in the prior art.

[0039] It can be seen from this that the electronic water valve 1 realizes the simultaneous operation of one first liquid inlet 113 and at least two first liquid outlets 115, and the speed of balancing the thermal performance of the battery becomes faster; in addition, the valve core 12 can also be rotated to the second position so that one first liquid inlet 113 is in communication with one first liquid outlet 115, enabling the electronic water valve 1 to meet different requirements (it can meet the requirements of one inlet and one outlet, or one inlet and multiple outlets).

[0040] Here, it should be noted that there may be multiple positions for the first position. That is, in the electronic water valve 1, after the rotating mechanism 13 drives the valve core 12 to rotate to a position, if the first liquid inlet 113 is at least in communication with two first liquid outlets 115, then this position is considered the first position; similarly, there may be multiple positions for the second position. That is, in the electronic water valve 1, after the rotating mechanism 13 drives the valve core 12 to rotate to a position, if the first liquid inlet 113 is in communication with one first liquid outlet 115, then this position is considered the second position.

[0041] Furthermore, when manufacturing the valve core 12, the valve core 12 can be manufactured by injection molding, and it is integrally formed during manufacturing.

[0042] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 shown, the first liquid inlet 113 and the first liquid outlet 115 are respectively arranged on the side wall of the valve housing 11.

[0043] In this embodiment, since the first liquid inlet 113 and the first liquid outlet 115 are respectively arranged on the side wall of the valve housing 11, it is convenient for the installation and connection between the electronic water valve 1 and other structures. For example, the connection between the electronic water valve 1 and the liquid outlet device.

[0044] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 , Figure 5 shown, the first liquid inlet 113 and the first liquid outlet 115 extend outwards from the side wall of the valve housing 11.

[0045] Specifically, a first pipe 114 is extended outwards on the valve housing 11. One end of the first pipe 114 is communicated with the installation cavity of the valve core 12 of the valve housing 11, and the other end of the first pipe 114 extends outwards. The end of the first pipe 114 extending outwards is the first liquid inlet 113.

[0046] Furthermore, at least two second pipes 116 are also extended outwards on the valve housing 11 (related to the number of the first liquid outlets 115, and a first liquid outlet 115 is arranged on each second pipe 116). Among them, when the second pipe 116 is arranged, one end of the second pipe 116 is communicated with the installation cavity of the valve core 12 of the valve housing 11, and the other end of the second pipe 116 extends outwards. The end of the second pipe 116 extending outwards is the first liquid outlet 115.

[0047] In this example, the way that the first liquid inlet 113 and the first liquid outlet 115 extend outwards further facilitates the installation and connection between the electronic water valve 1 and other structures.

[0048] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown, a first chamber 117 is arranged on the valve housing 11. The first chamber 117 is communicated with the first liquid inlet 113 and the first liquid outlet 115, and the valve core 12 is located in the first chamber 117.

[0049] In this embodiment, the first chamber 117 can be a circular chamber. Among them, when the valve housing 11 is not installed, the first liquid inlet 113 is in communication with all the first liquid outlets 115. Among them, when the valve core 12 is installed on the rotating mechanism 13, there is a situation where the first liquid outlet 115 is not in communication with the first liquid inlet 113, which is specifically related to the position of the valve core 12. That is, when the valve core 12 is in the first position, the first liquid inlet 113 on the valve housing 11 is in communication with at least two first liquid outlets 115 on the valve housing 11; when the valve core 12 is in the second position, the first liquid inlet 113 on the valve housing 11 is in communication with one first liquid outlet 115 on the valve housing 11.

[0050] In some examples, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 as shown, a sealing cover 14 for sealing the top of the first chamber 117 is provided on the top of the valve core 12.

[0051] In this example, a sealing cover 14 can be provided on the top of the valve core 12, and the top of the first chamber 117 is sealed by this sealing cover 14 to prevent liquid from flowing out of the top of the first chamber 117.

[0052] Here, it should be noted that the specific structure of the sealing cover 14 is related to the specific structure of the first chamber 117. For example, when the first chamber 117 is a circular chamber, the sealing cover 14 can be set as a circular sealing cover 14. Here, the specific structure style of the sealing cover 14 is not limited too much, and those skilled in the art can determine the specific structure style of the sealing cover 14 according to actual needs.

[0053] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 as shown, the rotating mechanism 13 includes a first rotating shaft 131. The first rotating shaft 131 is rotatably installed on the valve housing 11. One end of the first rotating shaft 131 extends out of the valve housing 11, and the other end of the first rotating shaft 131 is located in the first chamber 117.

[0054] Specifically, a round hole can be opened on the valve core 12, and the valve core 12 is installed on the first rotating shaft 131 through this round hole and fixed to the valve core 12, so that the valve core 12 can be driven to rotate when the first rotating shaft 131 rotates.

[0055] Of course, the valve core 12 can also be fixedly installed on the first rotating shaft 131 in other ways. For example, by means of threaded connection, the valve core 12 is detachably installed on the first rotating shaft 131. Here, the fixing method of the valve core 12 on the first rotating shaft 131 is not limited too much.

[0056] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 - Figure 5As shown, the valve housing 11 may include a base 112 and a first housing 111 having a through hollow chamber; the first housing 111 is disposed on the base 112, and one end of the hollow chamber on the first housing 111 is located on the base 112, so that the base 112 forms a seal at one end of the hollow chamber on the first housing 111, wherein the hollow chamber of the first housing 111 is the first chamber 117.

[0057] In this embodiment, the base 112 may be a circular plate-like structure, the first housing 111 may be a columnar structure having a through hollow chamber, and the hollow chamber may be a circular chamber, that is, the first chamber 117 may be a circular chamber.

[0058] Wherein, when the first rotating shaft 131 is installed, it can be rotatably installed on the base 112. One end of the first rotating shaft 131 extends out of the base 112 and is located outside the valve housing 11, and the other end of the first rotating shaft 131 extends out of the base 112 and is located inside the hollow chamber of the first housing 111 (that is, inside the first chamber 117).

[0059] Further, as Figure 5 shown, the valve core 12 is provided with a flow passage 126. When the valve core 12 rotates to the first position, the flow passage 126 on the valve core 12 connects the first liquid inlet 113 on the valve housing 11 to at least two first liquid outlets 115 on the valve housing 11; when the valve core 12 rotates to the second position, the flow passage 126 on the valve core 12 connects the first liquid inlet 113 on the valve housing 11 to one first liquid outlet 115 on the valve housing 11.

[0060] In this embodiment, when the flow passage 126 is provided, it is necessary to combine the number and position of the first liquid outlets 115 and the position of the first liquid inlet 113. That is, after the flow passage 126 is provided, it can be ensured that when the valve core 12 rotates to the first position, the first liquid inlet 113 on the valve housing 11 is connected to at least two first liquid outlets 115 on the valve housing 11; when the valve core 12 rotates to the second position, the first liquid inlet 113 on the valve housing 11 is connected to one first liquid outlet 115 on the valve housing 11.

[0061] It can be seen that when the flow passage 126 is opened, the number and position of the first liquid outlets 115 and the position of the first liquid inlet 113 need to be considered. Those skilled in the art can determine the specific opening position and number of the flow passage 126 according to actual needs.

[0062] In a specific embodiment, as Figure 5 - Figure 10As shown, the first chamber 117 is set as a cylindrical chamber, and the valve core 12 is set as a circular valve core 12. Among them, there are three first liquid outlets 115, one of the first liquid outlets 115 is symmetrically arranged with the first liquid inlet 113, and the other two first liquid outlets 115 are symmetrically arranged. The connection line between the symmetrically arranged first liquid outlets 115 is perpendicular to the connection line between the first liquid outlet 115 symmetrically arranged with the first liquid inlet 113 and the first liquid inlet 113, and passes through the center of the valve core 12.

[0063] When setting the flow-through channel 126, there are four flow-through channels 126 provided on the valve core 12. Specifically, a first opening 121, a second opening 122, a third opening 123, a fourth opening 124, and a fifth opening 125 are opened on the side wall of the valve core 12. Among them, the first opening 121 communicates with the second opening 122 to form a flow-through channel 126, the third opening 123 communicates with the fifth opening 125 to form a flow-through channel 126, and the fourth opening 124 is opened between the third opening 123 and the fifth opening 125 and communicates with the flow-through channel 126 formed by the third opening 123 and the fifth opening 125. Here, it can be understood that three flow-through channels 126 are formed between the third opening 123, the fourth opening 124, and the fifth opening 125 (a flow-through channel 126 is formed between the third opening 123 and the fourth opening 124, a flow-through channel 126 is formed between the fourth opening 124 and the fifth opening 125, and a flow-through channel 126 is formed between the third opening 123 and the fifth opening 125).

[0064] Here, it should be noted that for the first opening 121, the second opening 122, the third opening 123, the fourth opening 124, and the fifth opening 125, the specific positions of the first liquid inlet 113 and the three first liquid outlets 115 need to be considered, that is, to ensure that when the rotating mechanism 13 drives the valve core 12 to rotate to the first position, the first liquid inlet 113 on the valve housing 11 is at least in communication with two first liquid outlets 115 on the valve housing 11; when the rotating mechanism 13 drives the valve core 12 to rotate to the second position, the first liquid inlet 113 on the valve housing 11 is in communication with one first liquid outlet 115 on the valve housing 11.

[0065] In this example, during the rotation of the valve core 12 of the electronic water valve 1, the first position and the second position can appear three times. For example, Figure 5 As shown, when the valve core rotates to the second position for the first time, the first liquid inlet 113 is in communication with one first liquid outlet 115; as Figure 6 shown, when the valve core rotates to the second position for the second time, the first liquid inlet 113 is in communication with one first liquid outlet 115; as Figure 7 shown, when the valve core rotates to the second position for the third time, the first liquid inlet 113 is in communication with one first liquid outlet 115; as Figure 8As shown, when the valve core rotates to the first position for the first time, the first liquid inlet 113 communicates with the two first liquid outlets 115; as Figure 9 shown, when the valve core rotates to the first position for the second time, the first liquid inlet 113 communicates with the two first liquid outlets 115; as Figure 10 shown, when the valve core rotates to the first position for the third time, the first liquid inlet 113 communicates with the two first liquid outlets 115.

[0066] The present utility model also provides a thermal management system, which may include an electronic water valve 1. The specific structure of the electronic water valve 1 is as described in the above embodiment of the electronic water valve 1, and will not be elaborated here.

[0067] The present utility model also provides a vehicle, which may include the thermal management system as described above.

[0068] Here, it should be noted that the descriptions of the above thermal management system and vehicle embodiments are similar to the description of the above electronic water valve 1 embodiment, and have similar beneficial effects to the above electronic water valve 1. For the technical details not disclosed in the thermal management system and vehicle embodiments of this embodiment, please refer to the description of the electronic water valve 1 embodiment of the present utility model for understanding.

[0069] When the electronic water valve 1 is specifically applied, the first liquid inlet 113 of the electronic water valve 1 is connected to the outlet of the liquid supply device, the first liquid outlet 115 of the electronic water valve 1 is connected to different pipelines, and the first rotating shaft 131 is connected to the motor actuator end of the motor. When it is necessary to switch the first liquid outlet 115, the first rotating shaft 131 is driven to rotate by the motor, and the first rotating shaft 131 drives the valve core 12 to rotate, so as to control the liquid discharge of different first liquid outlets 115.

[0070] In summary, the present utility model provides an electronic water valve 1, a thermal management system and a vehicle, having the following effects:

[0071] When the rotating mechanism 13 drives the valve core 12 to rotate to the first position, the first liquid inlet 113 on the valve housing 11 communicates with at least two first liquid outlets 115 on the valve housing 11, so that when the medium flows through, one first liquid inlet 113 communicates with at least two first liquid outlets 115, realizing that one first liquid inlet 113 and at least two first liquid outlets 115 work simultaneously, and the speed of balancing the thermal performance of the battery becomes faster; in addition, the valve core 12 can also be rotated to the second position to make one first liquid inlet 113 communicate with one first liquid outlet 115, so that the electronic water valve 1 can meet different requirements.

[0072] It can be understood that the above embodiments only represent the preferred embodiments of the present utility model, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed. However, it should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of the patent of the present utility model. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present utility model, the above technical features can be freely combined, and several deformations and improvements can also be made, which all belong to the protection scope of the present utility model. Therefore, all equivalent transformations and modifications made to the scope of the claims of the present utility model shall fall within the scope covered by the claims of the present utility model.

Claims

1. An electronic water valve, characterized in that: include: A valve housing, a valve core, and a rotating mechanism for driving the valve core to rotate; The valve housing is provided with a first liquid inlet and at least two first liquid outlets, the rotating mechanism is rotatably mounted on the valve housing, and the valve core is fixedly mounted on the rotating mechanism; Wherein, when the rotating mechanism drives the valve core to rotate to the first position, the first liquid inlet on the valve housing is connected with at least two first liquid outlets on the valve housing; when the valve core rotates to the second position, the first liquid inlet on the valve housing is connected with one first liquid outlet on the valve housing.

2. The electronic water valve according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first liquid inlet and the first liquid outlet are respectively arranged on the side walls of the valve housing.

3. The electronic water valve according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first liquid inlet and the first liquid outlet extend outwardly from the side wall of the valve housing.

4. The electronic water valve according to claim 3, characterized in that: The valve housing is provided with a first chamber, the first chamber is communicated with the first liquid inlet and the first liquid outlet, and the valve core is located in the first chamber.

5. The electronic water valve according to claim 4, characterized in that: A sealing cover for sealing the top of the first chamber is arranged on the top of the valve core.

6. The electronic water valve according to claim 5, characterized in that: The rotating mechanism comprises a first rotating shaft, which is rotatably mounted on the valve housing, one end of the first rotating shaft extends out of the valve housing, and the other end of the first rotating shaft is located in the first chamber.

7. The electronic water valve according to claim 6, characterized in that: The valve housing comprises: a base and a first housing having a hollow chamber; The first shell is disposed on the base, and the hollow chamber of the first shell is the first chamber.

8. The electronic water valve according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The valve core is provided with a flow channel, wherein when the rotating mechanism drives the valve core to rotate to the first position, the flow channel on the valve core connects the first liquid inlet on the valve housing with at least two first liquid outlets on the valve housing; when the valve core rotates to the second position, the flow channel on the valve core connects the first liquid inlet on the valve housing with one first liquid outlet on the valve housing.

9. A thermal management system, characterized in that: include: An electronic water valve as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that: include: The thermal management system of claim 9.

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