Large-through-flow gap type surge protection device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a large-through-flow gap type surge protection device, which comprises n discharge gaps, and the discharge gaps are sequentially connected in series between a first terminal and a second terminal of the gap type surge protection device. A buffer space is formed on one side, close to the gap insulation sheet, of any discharge gap, the drift diameter of the buffer space is larger than that of the discharge gap, insulators are further arranged in the buffer space, and the insulators are arranged between the discharge gaps and the gap insulation sheet at intervals; wherein n is greater than or equal to 1. Through the specific gap structure and size, the large current impact resistance and the through-current capacity of the gap electrode are improved, and in the current discharge process, the expansive force strength during large through-current impact is reduced, the impact and heat transfer on the insulating sheet are reduced, the hot melting of the insulating sheet is delayed, the edge carbonization of the insulating sheet and the accumulation of electrode powder are reduced, and the service life of the gap electrode is prolonged. And insulation drop and short circuit after leakage of the amplified surge current are prevented.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of overvoltage protection, and particularly relates to a large-current-carrying gap type surge protector. Background Art

[0002] A surge protector is an electrical appliance used to limit transient overvoltage and discharge surge current. The surge protector is mainly applied to the line for surge protection. The surge protector at least includes a nonlinear element used to limit voltage and discharge surge current, and has to withstand high surge voltage, large current and instantaneous high energy.

[0003] The multi-layer gap type surge protector is composed of a plurality of discharge gaps and a trigger circuit. When the multi-layer gap type surge protector does not act, the internal discharge gaps are insulated from each other, and the whole surge protector presents a high-resistance state to the outside, without affecting the operation of the protected line. When a surge comes, the trigger circuit in the multi-layer gap type surge protector triggers the discharge gap to conduct, and finally the whole surge protector presents a low-resistance state to the outside, so as to discharge the surge energy.

[0004] The current-carrying capacity (abbreviation: current-carrying) of the multi-layer gap type surge protector, that is, the ability to withstand the impulse discharge current of type I test and / or the nominal discharge current of type II test, is an important technical index of the surge protector, representing the current-discharging ability of the surge protector. "Large current-carrying" is relative to the general current-carrying capacity in the industry, and "large current-carrying" represents a higher level of current-carrying capacity. For example: the surge protector can pass a surge current with a waveform of 8 / 20 μs of 60 kA and above, and can pass a surge current with a waveform of 10 / 350 μs of 25 kA and above. For the surge protector applied to N-PE protection, if the current-carrying capacity requirement is 50 kA and above in 10 / 350 μs, it belongs to a large-current-carrying surge protector.

[0005] With the increase of current-carrying, its charge quantity and energy increase significantly, and the heat generated, air expansion force and electrode ablation degree during the impact process will increase greatly. Due to the increase of current-carrying, technical problems that are difficult to occur in general current-carrying surge protectors will occur. The large-current-carrying technology of surge protectors is an important research topic.

[0006] Especially under the condition of size limitation such as 36 mm and below in width, when designing a large-current-carrying gap type surge protector, the following problems need to be solved to avoid the failure of the large-current-carrying surge protector. Summary of the Utility Model

[0007] In view of this, the utility model provides a large-current-carrying gap type surge protector to solve the above problems.

[0008] To solve the above technical problems, the present utility model provides a large current-carrying gap type surge protector, which includes n discharge gaps, and the discharge gaps are sequentially connected in series between the first terminal and the second terminal of the gap type surge protector;

[0009] The discharge gap is formed by stacking and clamping a first gap electrode, a gap insulating sheet, and a second gap electrode;

[0010] On one side of any discharge gap close to the gap insulating sheet, a buffer space is formed, and the diameter of the buffer space is larger than that of the discharge gap, and it forms a gap electrode powder storage groove for storing the electrode powder shed from any gap electrode;

[0011] An insulator is further arranged in the buffer space, and the insulator is spaced and placed between the discharge gap and the gap insulating sheet;

[0012] Among them, n≥1.

[0013] As an optional manner, the insulator is arranged in a ring shape, and at least one insulator is provided; if there are multiple insulators, the other insulators are arranged in the buffer space and / or in the first gap electrode groove at the center of the discharge gap.

[0014] As an optional manner, the spacing distance between the insulator and the second gap electrode is smaller than the gap distance of the discharge gap.

[0015] As an optional manner, the melting point of the insulator is higher than the melting point of the gap insulating sheet.

[0016] As an optional manner, the end of the gap insulating sheet is located in the buffer space, and a step is provided at the end of the gap insulating sheet.

[0017] As an optional manner, a cut groove is provided at the end of the gap insulating sheet, and the cut groove is used for embedding the insulating sheet; the insulating sheet is made of a ceramic material.

[0018] As an optional manner, the end of the insulating sheet is flat or protruding.

[0019] As an optional manner, the thickness of the gap insulating sheet is greater than the gap distance of the discharge gap.

[0020] As an optional manner, the side edge of the first gap electrode for forming the discharge gap is smoothly arranged; or grooves arranged in a preset array are provided, and the grooves are used for forming a space for containing the shed electrode powder.

[0021] As an optional manner, the structural line of the first gap electrode for forming the buffer space has an angle with the edge of the discharge gap, and the angle is greater than or equal to 90 degrees.

[0022] As an optional manner, the structural line of the first gap electrode for forming the buffer space is a straight line or a curve.

[0023] As an alternative, the first gap electrode is a monomer structure or an assembled structure.

[0024] As an alternative, the thickness of the first gap electrode is greater than that of the second gap electrode.

[0025] As an alternative, the first gap electrode is provided with metal and / or alloy.

[0026] As an alternative, the edge of the second gap electrode is smoothly arranged, and / or is provided with grooves arranged in a preset array, and the grooves match the grooves of the first gap electrode for forming a space for containing the shed electrode powder.

[0027] As an alternative, the thickness of the insulator is greater than or equal to the thickness of the gap insulating sheet.

[0028] As an alternative, the second gap electrodes on both sides of the first gap are arranged in a through manner.

[0029] As an alternative, it includes:

[0030] An electrode part, a bracket and a triggering device;

[0031] Taking the bracket as a reference point, the surge arrester includes a first side and a second side distributed on both sides of the bracket; both the first side and the second side are provided with an electrode part and an insulating part, and the second side is provided with a triggering device;

[0032] The electrode part includes a metal electrode and a gap electrode; there are two metal electrodes, which are respectively located on the side of the insulating part on the first side and the second side relatively far from the bracket; the gap electrode includes a first gap electrode and second gap electrodes respectively located on both sides of the first gap electrode; wherein, the first gap electrode is clamped in the bracket;

[0033] A gap insulating sheet and an insulator are arranged between the first gap electrode and the second gap electrode.

[0034] As an alternative, the triggering device includes a capacitor and a reed, and / or a triggering circuit board and a pin.

[0035] The beneficial effects of the present utility model are as follows:

[0036] Through a specific gap structure and special dimensions, the present utility model improves the ability of the gap electrode to withstand large current impacts and the current-carrying capacity, and during the current discharge process, reduces the intensity of the radial expansion force during large current-carrying impacts, reduces the impact and heat transfer on the insulating sheet, delays the melting of the insulating sheet, reduces the carbonization of the edge of the insulating sheet and the accumulation of electrode powder, and prevents insulation degradation and short circuit after discharging a large surge current. Description of the Drawings

[0037] Figure 1 Two structural schematic diagrams of a large-current-carrying gap type surge protector provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0038] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of a large-current-carrying gap type surge protector provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0039] Figure 3 A distance schematic diagram of a buffer space structure provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0040] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a buffer space structure under one implementation manner provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0041] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a buffer space structure under one implementation manner provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0042] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a buffer space structure under one implementation manner provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0043] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a buffer space structure under one implementation manner provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0044] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a buffer space structure under one implementation manner provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0045] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a buffer space structure under one implementation manner provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0046] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of a buffer space structure under one implementation manner provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0047] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of a buffer space structure under one implementation manner provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0048] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of a buffer space structure under one implementation manner provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0049] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of a buffer space structure under one implementation manner provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0050] Figure 14 A schematic diagram of a buffer space structure under one implementation manner provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0051] Figure 15 A schematic diagram of a buffer space structure under one implementation manner provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0052] Figure 16 Schematic diagram of a buffer space structure under an implementation manner provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0053] Figure 17 Schematic assembly diagram of a large-current-carrying gap type surge arrester provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0054] Figure 18 Schematic diagram of a bracket structure provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0055] Figure 19 Schematic diagram of a metal electrode connection structure provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0056] Figure 20 Schematic diagram of a structure for stacking electrode powder in a buffer space provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0057] Figure 21 Schematic diagram of typical data of buffer space dimensions provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0058] Figure 22 Schematic diagram of a circuit structure in one case provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0059] Figure 23 Schematic diagram of a circuit structure in another case provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0060] Figure 24 Schematic diagram of a circuit structure in another case provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0061] Figure 25 Schematic diagram of a circuit structure in another case provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0062] Figure 26 Schematic diagram of a circuit structure in another case provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0063] Figure 27 Schematic diagram of a buffer space structure under an implementation manner provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0064] Figure 28 Schematic diagram of a buffer space structure under an implementation manner provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0065] Figure 29 Schematic diagram of a buffer space structure under an implementation manner provided by an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0066] Reference numerals and their corresponding relationships:

[0067] 1 - Bracket, 11 - Capacitance accommodating cavity, 12 - Trigger circuit board, 13 - Pin header, 14 - Housing, 15 - Pressing screw, 2 - Metal electrode, 21 - Connection structure, 211 - First connection strip, 212 - Second connection strip, 213 - Third connection strip, 22 - Rivet, 3 - Insulating ring, 4 - Insulator, 51 - First gap electrode, 52 - Second gap electrode, 6 - Gap insulating sheet, 61 - Step, 62 - Cut groove, 63 - Cut groove insulating sheet, 71 - Trigger device, 72 - Reed, 8 - Buffer space, 9 - Discharge gap. Detailed implementation mode

[0068] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present utility model, the present utility model will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the specific implementation mode.

[0069] A surge protector is an electrical appliance used to limit transient overvoltage and discharge surge current. The surge protector is mainly applied to the circuit for surge protection. The surge protector at least includes a non-linear element used to limit voltage and discharge surge current, and it has to withstand high surge voltage, large current, and instantaneous high energy.

[0070] The multi-layer gap type surge protector is composed of multiple discharge gaps and a trigger circuit. When the multi-layer gap type surge protector does not act, the internal discharge gaps are insulated from each other, and the entire surge protector presents a high resistance state to the outside, without affecting the operation of the protected circuit. When a surge arrives, the trigger circuit in the multi-layer gap type surge triggers the discharge gap to conduct, and finally the entire surge protector presents a low resistance state to the outside, thereby discharging the surge energy.

[0071] The current-carrying capacity (abbreviation: current-carrying) of the multi-layer gap type surge protector, that is, the ability to withstand the impulse discharge current I of Class I test imp , and / or the nominal discharge current I of Class II test n , is an important technical index of the surge protector, representing the current-discharging ability of the surge protector.

[0072] Among them, the impulse discharge current I of Class I test impThe commonly used surge waveform is 10 / 350 μs. The impulse discharge current is defined as the peak value of the discharge current flowing through the SPD with a specified transferred charge quantity Q and a specified specific energy W / R within a specified time. As the current increases, both the charge quantity and the specific energy increase significantly in the same proportion. "Large current-carrying capacity", in this embodiment, refers to the ability of the surge protector to pass a surge current of 8 / 20 μs with a value of 60 kA or more, and a surge current of 10 / 350 μs with a value of 25 kA or more, representing a high level of current-carrying capacity. The N-PE surge protector module is a typical surge protector module with large current-carrying capacity, and some require a current-carrying capacity of 10 / 350 μs surge current of 50 kA or more. With the increase in current-carrying capacity, its charge quantity and energy increase significantly, and the heat generated, the air expansion force, and the degree of electrode ablation during the impact process will increase substantially.

[0073] Currently, there are many technical problems in the research of large current-carrying capacity and short circuit after discharging a large surge current. Especially under the specified size conditions, it is more difficult to complete an engineering design with reasonable cost. Based on this, this embodiment provides a large current-carrying capacity gap type surge protector to overcome the above-mentioned balance problem between large current-carrying capacity and pressure relief ability and short circuit.

[0074] Please refer to Figures 1 - 28 , this embodiment provides a large current-carrying capacity gap type surge protector, which includes n discharge gaps 9. The discharge gaps 9 are connected in series between the first terminal and the second terminal of the gap type surge protector in sequence; the discharge gap 9 is formed by stacking and clamping a first gap electrode 51, a gap insulating sheet 6, and a second gap electrode 52; on one side of any discharge gap 9 close to the gap insulating sheet 6, a buffer space 8 is formed. The through-diameter of the buffer space 8 is larger than that of the discharge gap 9, and it forms a gap electrode powder stacking groove for storing the electrode powder shed from any gap electrode; an insulator 4 is also arranged in the buffer space 8, and the insulator 4 is placed in isolation between the discharge gap 9 and the gap insulating sheet 6; where n≥1.

[0075] In the above solution, the discharge gap 9 maintains a normal working state. When there is a surge, it breaks down to a low resistance when reaching the threshold, constructs a discharge channel, and discharges the surge. After discharging the surge, it returns to a high resistance. The gap insulating sheet 6 is used to isolate the gap electrodes and construct the discharge gap 9. The gap electrodes are used to construct the discharge gap 9. The insulator 4 is used to delay and limit the gap short circuit and block the impact force of air expansion and the electrode powder when the gap insulating sheet 6 becomes thinner due to heat. The buffer space 8 is used to form a gap electrode powder stacking groove for carrying the shed gap electrode powder, which can prevent the electrode powder from adhering to the insulating sheet or blocking in the discharge gap 9, and increase the service life.

[0076] Through years of research and practical work summary by the utility model inventor, this embodiment mainly improves the following four problems:

[0077] Problem 1: During the process of discharging a large surge current, the impact of the air expansion force on the gap electrode, and the mechanical stress caused by the shock wave cause cracks, fractures, and pulverization of the gap electrode. After the gap electrode is damaged, the discharge gap 9 constructed by the gap electrode and the gap insulating sheet 6 is destroyed, and the function of the surge protector is damaged or lost.

[0078] Based on this, in this embodiment, a metal electrode 2 is arranged outside the two second gap electrodes 52. The additional metal electrode 2 improves the impact resistance of the second gap electrodes 52 on both sides. The thickness of the first gap electrode 51 is ≥ that of the two second gap electrodes 52. Since the middle gap electrode has no additional metal electrode 2 and is located in the middle, it is more likely to break. By increasing the material thickness, the impact resistance is improved. In addition, gap electrode insulating rings 3 are respectively disposed at the two second gap electrodes 52. By adjusting the distance of the gap and using different materials for reinforcement, the impact resistance can be improved. And the first gap electrode 51 is fixed by a bracket 1 to improve the impact resistance. In this way, by consciously adjusting the thickness of the gap electrode and the specific gap fastening structure, the tolerance of the gap electrode to large current impact is improved, and the current-carrying capacity is improved.

[0079] Problem 2: During the process of discharging a large surge current, the gas in the discharge gap 9 is heated, generating a huge expansion force. It impacts the gap insulating sheet 6. The heat generated by the discharge gap 9 directly acts on the gap insulating sheet 6. The powder of the shed gap electrode splashes and accumulates on the edge of the gap insulating sheet 6, causing deformation of the gap insulating sheet 6, a decrease in edge insulation, outward flushing or melting due to heat. Due to arc burning, the edge of the middle hole is easily carbonized, weakening or losing the insulation isolation effect on the gap electrode. The discharge gap 9 constructed by the gap electrode and the gap insulating sheet 6 is destroyed, and the function of the surge protector is damaged or lost.

[0080] Based on this, please refer to again Figure 2 , Figure 2 is the schematic structural diagram of the buffer space 8 of this embodiment, Figure 3 is the schematic spacing diagram. According to the placement method in the figure, a is the length of the long side of the buffer space 8, a1 is the distance from the insulator 4 to the gap insulating sheet 6, a2 is the distance from the insulator 4 to the discharge gap 9, b is the length of the short side of the buffer space 8, which can also be understood as the height / thickness dimension of the buffer space 8, c is the length of the insulator 4, t1 is the thickness of the gap insulating sheet 6, t2 is the thickness of the insulator 4, and g is the gap distance of the discharge gap 9. This is a schematic diagram of a preferred distance dimension described in this embodiment, and this embodiment does not limit that this is the only implementation method.

[0081] As an alternative, the insulator 4 is arranged in a ring shape. By being arranged in a ring shape, it can have multiple cross-sections, such as an inner ring surface, an outer ring surface, an inner side surface, an outer side surface, etc. The electrode powder that has fallen off is adhered through multiple cross-sections, which can delay the accumulation speed of the electrode powder on the t2 surface and reduce the short-circuit situation of the first gap electrode 51 - discharge gap 9 / buffer space 8 - second gap electrode 52 after a large current impact. And at least one insulator 4 is provided in this embodiment. Please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 29 , in another implementation, if there are multiple insulators 4, then other insulators are arranged in the grooves of the first gap electrode 51 at the center of the buffer space 8 and / or the discharge gap 9. The reason is that since the edge of the gap electrode is clamped and the center is suspended, the center is greatly affected by the expansion force. Due to the flat surface of the gap electrode, there must be tolerance dimensions. To prevent the gap electrode from short-circuiting, an insulator is added at the center.

[0082] As an alternative, the spacing distance between the insulator 4 and the second gap electrode 52 is less than the gap distance of the discharge gap 9. Please refer to again Figure 3 , in Figure 3 the distance diagram of, b - t2 ≤ g. In this way, on the path from the discharge gap 9 - gap insulating sheet 6, the lower edge of the end of the gap insulating sheet 6 will definitely be affected by the height of the insulator 4, and the large impact current or heat flow will be blocked to a certain extent by the insulator 4, reducing the impact on the gap insulating sheet 6. In addition, as a preference, the height of the insulator 4 can satisfy b - t2 ≤ g / 2, so that at least one end of the insulator 4 close to the second gap electrode 52 can block at least half of the gap distance of the discharge gap 9, achieving a better blocking effect. The distance a2 between the insulator and the first gap electrode is greater than the distance g of the discharge gap minus the distance b1 between the insulator 4 and the second gap electrode (optionally, b1 can be equal to 0, that is, the insulator 4 is in contact with the second gap electrode 52), and the distance a3 of the end of the gap insulating sheet is greater than or equal to the electrical gap b1, which can be 0.5 mm - 3 mm.

[0083] Through the above solution, in this embodiment, by setting the insulator 4 to block the expansion force and heat of the gap discharge from directly acting on the gap insulating sheet 6, the durability and service life of the gap insulating sheet 6 are enhanced. And a gap electrode powder stacking groove is set to form an upward clamping force on the gap insulating sheet 6. At the same time, the gap electrode powder stacking groove increases the gap space, disperses the expansion force of the discharge gap 9, reduces the expansion force during a large current flow impact, reduces the heat transfer to the insulating sheet, delays the melting of the insulating sheet, and improves the ability to discharge surge current.

[0084] Problem 3: During the process of discharging a large surge current, the gap electrode is severely ablated by the arc, resulting in powder shedding and causing a short circuit.

[0085] Based on this, please refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6 , the end of the gap insulating sheet 6 is located in the buffer space 8, and a step 61 is provided at the end of the gap insulating sheet 6. In addition to the gap electrode powder stacking groove provided in this embodiment for storing the shed gap electrode powder, an insulator 4 is also provided to block the flow of the gap electrode powder. It can be foreseen that due to the presence of the insulator 4 and the interval between its four sides and the buffer space 8, when the electrode powder flows in the space under impact, a part of the electrode powder will be borne by the surface of the insulator 4, and not all the electrode powder will finally accumulate on the gap insulating sheet 6. This greatly reduces the problems of insulation ability decline and easy occurrence of short circuit. And due to the setting of the step 61, the contact area of the gap insulating sheet 6 is further increased, which can slow down the adhesion speed of the electrode powder.

[0086] In addition, please refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 , a cut groove 62 is provided at the end of the gap insulating sheet 6, and the cut groove 62 is used to embed the cut groove insulating sheet 63. The cut groove is opened on the end cross-section and / or the end side of the gap insulating sheet 6. Optionally, the end of the gap insulating sheet 6 is provided in a straight or protruding shape. The cut groove insulating sheet 63 is made of ceramic material. In this way, the cut groove insulating sheet 63 is more heat-resistant, can form a support for the deformed gap insulating sheet 6, reduce the degree of heat deformation of the gap insulating sheet 6, and reduce the occurrence of short circuit. As an optional method, the thickness of the gap insulating sheet 6 is greater than the gap distance of the discharge gap 9, and its thickness is 0.3 - 2 mm.

[0087] Problem 4: After the gap insulating sheet 6 is melted, its thickness is reduced, and the isolation gap distance becomes shorter, resulting in insulation decline and short circuit

[0088] This embodiment solves it in the following way. The melting point of the insulator 4 is higher than that of the gap insulating sheet 6. The insulator 4 in this embodiment is preferably made of ceramic material. Because the insulating sheet becomes thinner when heated, and the insulator 4 has a high melting point and high temperature resistance. Thus, when the insulator 4 becomes thinner and t1 decreases, resulting in a decrease in b, the distance between the first gap electrode 51 and the second gap electrode 52 is close and short circuit is likely to occur. However, because the insulator 4 is a material with higher temperature resistance and has a more difficult deformation property, it can isolate or resist the further decrease of the distance b, so as to play a key role in preventing short circuit during large current flow.

[0089] Based on this, the insulator 4 provided in this embodiment, due to its inherent floor area and volume, will limit the further reduction of the gap. For example: If the solution described in this embodiment is adopted as: the discharge gap 9 is 0.3 mm, the gap insulating sheet 6 is 0.7 mm, and the insulator 4 is 1.0 mm, then when the gap insulating sheet 6 is thermally melted and reduced by 0.2 mm, since the insulator 4 uses a more heat-resistant material, it solves the problem that after the gap insulating sheet 6 is thermally melted, the thickness is reduced, the isolation gap distance becomes shorter, resulting in insulation degradation and short circuit.

[0090] Please refer to Figures 9 - 10 , in order to further solve the problems of electrode powder shedding and stacking, one side edge of the first gap electrode 51 for forming the discharge gap 9 in this embodiment can be set to be smooth, that is, a straight edge without grooves. Or according to actual situation requirements, grooves arranged in a preset array can be provided, and the grooves are used to form a space for holding the shed electrode powder. The shape of the grooves in this embodiment is not limited, and can be circular, rectangular, triangular, funnel-shaped, etc., to form a cavity that can further accommodate the shed electrode powder. To slow down the impact of the shed electrode powder on the insulating sheet and the insulator 4, and at the same time reduce the short-circuit surface of the electrode.

[0091] As an alternative, please refer to Figures 11 - 13 , the construction line of the first gap electrode 51 for forming the buffer space 8 has an angle with the edge of the discharge gap 9, and the angle is greater than or equal to 90 degrees. The construction line of the first gap electrode 51 for forming the buffer space 8 is a straight line or a curve. That is, the buffer space 8 can be a rectangular groove or an irregular polygon groove in the forming direction of the first gap electrode 51. For example Figure 11 with a bevel, or Figure 12 set as a rounded rectangle, or Figure 13 in an irregular shape. To optimize the stacking mode of the shed electrode powder and delay the growth rate of the electrode powder pile.

[0092] As an alternative, the first gap electrode 51 is a monomer structure or an assembled structure. Please refer to Figure 14 , the first gap electrode 51 in this embodiment is an assembled structure composed of 2 parts to form a through hole. In the through hole in its assembly stroke, a stacking groove for stacking electrode powder can be formed. The discharge gap 9 formed by the first gap electrode 51 and the second gap electrode 52 is vertically connected to the discharge gap formed by the first gap electrode 51 and the third gap electrode 53, reducing the impact force of the second gap electrode 52. The spaces of the two gaps are connected through the through gap. When there is an expansion force, the expansion force intensity of the gap electrode is relieved.

[0093] As an alternative, the thickness of the first gap electrode 51 is greater than that of the second gap electrode 52, and the thickness of the first gap electrode 51 is 2 mm - 8 mm.

[0094] Please refer to Figure 15 , the edge of the second gap electrode 52 is also smoothly arranged, and / or is provided with grooves arranged in a preset array, and the grooves match the grooves of the first gap electrode 51 for forming a space for containing the shed electrode powder. The arranged grooves correspond to the grooves of the first gap electrode 51, and the purpose is to reduce the heat transfer of the second gap electrode 52 to the gap insulating sheet 6 and delay the heat-induced deformation of the gap insulating sheet 6.

[0095] Please refer to Figure 16 , Figure 16 The middle gap insulating sheet 6 is embedded into the first gap electrode 51 and the second gap electrode 52 by arranging a raised step 61, and the purpose is to reduce the air wave from flushing out the gap electrode.

[0096] In addition, as an alternative, the discharge gap 9 may include one or a combination of a gas discharge tube, a gap formed by a graphite electrode, and a gap formed by the metal electrode 2. The gap can be an open structure or a closed structure. The number of gaps is typically 2, but can be n. The gaps can be connected in series or not in series with a backup protection such as a disconnector. A trigger circuit can be configured, or a trigger circuit may not be configured.

[0097] Please refer to again Figure 1 , Figure 1 is the external structure of the large-current-gap type surge protector described in this embodiment, including an electrode part, a bracket 1 and a trigger device 71; taking the bracket 1 as a reference point, the surge protector includes a first side and a second side distributed on both sides of the bracket 1; both the first side and the second side are provided with an electrode part and an insulating part, and the second side is provided with a trigger device 71; the electrode part includes a metal electrode 2 and a gap electrode; there are two metal electrodes 2, which are respectively located on the side of the insulating part of the first side and the second side relatively far from the bracket 1; the gap electrode includes a first gap electrode 51 and second gap electrodes 52 respectively located on both sides of the first gap electrode 51; wherein, the first gap electrode 51 is clamped in the bracket 1; a gap insulating sheet 6 and an insulator 4 are arranged between the first gap electrode 51 and the second gap electrode 52. As an alternative, please refer to Figure 1 parts a and b of, the trigger device 71 includes a capacitor and a reed 72, and / or a trigger circuit board 12 and a pin 13. In addition, a housing 14 can also be added to achieve assembly through a connection structure 21 and a pressure screw 15. The specific structural style of this embodiment is not limited.

[0098] In addition, the shape of the gap insulating sheet 6 can be one or a combination of a ring, a rhombic ring, a rectangular ring, a square ring, a triangular ring, an oval ring, a waist-shaped ring or a polygonal ring. The material of the gap insulating sheet 6 can be made of one or a combination of polytetrafluoroethylene, rubber, nylon, mica, ceramic or DuPont paper, epoxy board, red cardboard, alumina, glass, silicon oxide sheet, plastic, and materials with a resistivity ≥ 10 7 Ohm·m or more. The thickness of the insulator 4 can be 0.1 mm to 5 mm, preferably one or a combination of 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm. The thickness of the insulator 4 is greater than or equal to the thickness of the gap insulating sheet 6. And preferably, the thickness difference between the insulator 4 and the gap insulating sheet 6 is 0.1 - 1 mm, that is, the distance of t2 - t1. Also, in this embodiment, metal and / or alloy is provided in the first gap electrode 51, which can improve the flexural strength.

[0099] The discharge gap includes one or a combination of a gas discharge tube, a gap formed by graphite electrodes, and a gap formed by metal electrodes.

[0100] The trigger circuit is composed of one or a combination of a capacitor, a capacitor and a resistor, a varistor, an inductor, a thermistor, a transient suppression diode, an air gap or a gas discharge tube.

[0101] The material of the gap electrode can be graphite, metal or alloy. Metals include: silver, copper, gold, aluminum, zinc, tungsten, nickel, iron, platinum, tin, titanium, manganese, steel. The alloy is preferably tungsten copper alloy. The shape of the electrode sheet is circular, rhombic, rectangular, square, triangular, oval, waist-shaped or polygonal, and the thickness is not limited in this embodiment.

[0102] Please refer to again Figures 17 - 18 , the insulator 4, the gap insulating sheet 6 and the discharge gap 9 described in this embodiment are all in a rectangular style, aiming to facilitate the description of the technical solution described in this embodiment. In actual applications, it can be in different structures such as trapezoidal, bullet-shaped, concave polygon, convex polygon, circular, etc., and this embodiment does not limit the specific style. In addition, when the insulator 4 adopts the above different shape solutions, the gap insulating sheet 6 should also be configured with a matching cut groove to cooperate to ensure that the insulator 4 forms a space in the buffer space 8.

[0103] Please refer to Figures 19 - 20 , as an alternative, a connection structure 21 is provided on the metal electrode 2, which includes a first connection bar 211, a second connection bar 212 and a third connection bar 213, and they are connected by rivets 22 to achieve the fixation of the device. Figure 20 This is the effect schematic diagram of the electrode powder stacked in this embodiment. In addition, an integrated structure can also be selected for configuration, and this embodiment does not make a limit. Figure 21Schematic diagram of typical data of the buffer space size in this embodiment.

[0104] Please refer to Figures 22 - 26 , which is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the solution described in this embodiment. Figures (a) to (h) are illustration diagrams in the aforementioned circuit structure schematic diagram, where:

[0105] Figure (a) represents status indication, Figure (b) represents telemetry signal, Figure (c) represents the disengagement mechanism, Figure (d) represents the discharge gap,

[0106] Figure (e) represents the gas discharge tube, Figure (f) represents the varistor, Figure (g) represents the fuse, and Figure (h) represents the trigger device 71.

[0107] As Figure 23 , a multi-layer gap module. As shown in the figure, the gap assembly 1 includes n discharge gaps and n - 1 trigger circuits, where n ≥ 2 and n is an integer. F1 to Fn in the figure represent the discharge gaps, and N1 to Nn - 1 represent the trigger circuits. The n discharge gaps are sequentially connected in series between the first terminal and the second terminal. The first terminal and the second terminal are led out as the pins for the operation of the gap assembly 1. The common end between adjacent discharge gaps is the common end of the discharge gaps. There are a total of n - 1 common ends between adjacent discharge gaps. One end of each of the n - 1 trigger circuits is sequentially connected to the common ends between the n - 1 adjacent discharge gaps respectively, and then the other end of each trigger circuit is connected to the second terminal, thus forming a multi-layer gap structure as a whole.

[0108] As Figure 24 , for example: when there are only 2 gaps. The gap assembly 1 includes 2 discharge gaps and 1 trigger circuit, where n ≥ 2 and n is an integer.

[0109] As Figure 25 , a multi-layer gap module. The gap assembly 1 includes n discharge gaps and n - 1 trigger circuits, where n ≥ 2 and n is an integer. F1 to Fn in the figure represent the discharge gaps, and N1 to Nn - 1 represent the trigger circuits. The n discharge gaps are sequentially connected in series between the first terminal and the second terminal. The first terminal and the second terminal are led out as the pins for the operation of the gap assembly 1. The common end between adjacent discharge gaps is the common end of the discharge gaps. There are a total of n - 1 common ends between adjacent discharge gaps. One end of each of the n - 1 trigger circuits is sequentially connected to the common ends between the n - 1 adjacent discharge gaps respectively, and then the other end of each trigger circuit is connected to the second terminal, thus forming a multi-layer gap structure as a whole. A fuse, a varistor, and a gas discharge tube are also connected in parallel to the gap assembly in the multi-layer gap module.

[0110] As Figure 26, the multi-layer gap module can also be, as shown in the figure, the gap component 1 includes 1 discharge gap.

[0111] Specifically, please refer to Figure 27 , in an alternative manner, the gap insulating sheet 6 is set to have a stepped and protruding setting style, so that when the gap insulating sheet is pushed out by the expansion force, the stepped style can be used to prevent it from being pushed out. Please refer to Figure 28 , in an alternative manner, the first gap electrode 51 is set to have a style with a thick middle and a thin edge. The reason is that: due to the edge clamping of the thick middle of the two gap electrodes, the center is suspended, so the center is greatly affected by the expansion force, and the expansion force received at the center is reduced.

[0112] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the above preferred embodiments should not be regarded as a limitation to the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can also be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A large current gap type surge protector, characterized in that: comprising n discharge gaps, wherein the discharge gaps are sequentially connected in series between the first terminal and the second terminal of the gap-type surge protector; The discharge gap is formed by stacking and clamping a first gap electrode, a gap insulating sheet, and a second gap electrode; A buffer space is formed on one side of any of the discharge gaps close to the gap insulating sheet, and the gap distance of the buffer space is greater than the gap distance of the discharge gap, which forms a gap electrode powder stacking groove for storing electrode powder shed from any gap electrode and reducing radial expansion force during large through-current impact; An insulator is also provided in the buffer space, and the insulator is placed between the discharge gap and the gap insulating sheet at intervals; Among them, n≥1.

2. A large current gap type surge protector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The insulator is arranged in a ring shape, and at least one insulator is arranged; if there are multiple insulators, the other insulators are arranged in the buffer space and / or the first gap electrode groove at the center of the discharge gap.

3. A large current-passing gap type surge protector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spacing distance between the insulator and the second gap electrode is less than or equal to the gap distance of the discharge gap.

4. A large current-passing gap type surge protector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The insulator has a melting point higher than that of the gap insulating sheet.

5. A large current gap type surge protector according to claim 1, characterized in that: An end portion of the gap insulating sheet is located in the buffer space, and a step is provided at the end portion of the gap insulating sheet.

6. A large current gap type surge protector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end of the gap insulating sheet is provided with a groove, and the groove is used to embed the insulating sheet; the insulating sheet is made of ceramic material.

7. A large current-passing gap type surge protector according to claim 6, characterized in that: The end of the insulating sheet is straight or protruding.

8. A large current-passing gap type surge protector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the gap insulating sheet is greater than the gap distance of the discharge gap.

9. A large current-passing gap type surge protector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first gap electrode is used to form a side edge of the discharge gap and is smoothly arranged; or is provided with grooves arranged in a preset array, and the grooves are used to form a space for containing the shed electrode powder.

10. A large current gap type surge protector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first gap electrode is used to form a construction line of the buffer space and has an angle with an edge of the discharge gap, and the angle is greater than or equal to 90 degrees.

11. A large current-passing gap type surge protector according to claim 10, characterized in that: The construction line of the first gap electrode used to form the buffer space is a straight line or a curve.

12. A large through-current gap type surge protector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first gap electrode is a single body structure or an assembled structure.

13. A large current-passing gap type surge protector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the first gap electrode is greater than the thickness of the second gap electrode.

14. A large current-passing gap type surge protector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first gap electrode is provided with metal and / or alloy.

15. A large through-current gap type surge protector according to claim 9, characterized in that: The edge of the second gap electrode is smoothly arranged, and / or is provided with grooves arranged in a preset array, and the grooves match the grooves of the first gap electrode to form a space for containing the shed electrode powder.

16. A large current gap type surge protector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the insulator is greater than or equal to the thickness of the gap insulating sheet.

17. A large current-passing gap type surge protector according to claim 16, characterized in that: The second gap electrodes on both sides of the first gap are arranged to be through-connected.

18. A large current-passing gap type surge protector according to claim 1, characterized in that: include: Electrode part, bracket and trigger device; Taking the bracket as a base point, the surge protector comprises a first side and a second side distributed on both sides of the bracket; The first side and the second side are both provided with an electrode portion and an insulating portion, and the second side is provided with the trigger device; The electrode portion includes a metal electrode and a gap electrode; the metal electrode includes two electrodes, which are respectively located on the first side and the second side of the insulating portion relatively far away from the bracket; the gap electrode includes a first gap electrode and second gap electrodes respectively located on both sides of the first gap electrode; wherein the first gap electrode is clamped in the bracket; The gap insulating sheet and the insulator are arranged between the first gap electrode and the second gap electrode.

19. A large through-current gap type surge protector according to claim 18, characterized in that: The trigger device includes a capacitor and a reed, and / or a trigger circuit board and a pin header.

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