Energy storage equipment

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the field of batteries, and particularly relates to energy storage equipment. The problem that potential safety hazards exist after thermal runaway flue gas of existing energy storage equipment is exhausted is solved. The energy storage equipment comprises an energy storage box body, a fire safety system and at least one battery pack assembly, wherein at least part of the structure of the fire safety system is located in the energy storage box body. The high-capacity battery in each battery pack assembly comprises a shell and a plurality of single batteries arranged in the shell along the same direction; the shell is provided with a shared cavity and an explosion venting pipe assembly communicating with the shared cavity. The inner cavity of the shared cavity is communicated with the inner cavities of all the single batteries; the explosion venting pipe assembly of each high-capacity battery is communicated with an explosion venting collecting pipe, and the outlet end of the explosion venting collecting pipe is communicated with a flue gas collecting pipe of a fire safety system; the thermal runaway flue gas sequentially passes through the explosion venting pipe assembly and the flue gas collecting pipe to enter the flue gas treatment unit of the fire safety system to be treated, and potential safety hazards generated after the thermal runaway flue gas is exhausted are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the field of batteries, and specifically relates to an energy storage device. Background Art

[0002] With the development of new energy such as solar energy and wind energy, energy storage technology has also developed. Due to the advantages of high energy, long service life, high rated voltage, high power tolerance, and low self-discharge rate of lithium batteries, they have gradually become the mainstream products for energy storage.

[0003] With the large-scale application of lithium battery energy storage devices, the safe use of lithium-ion batteries has also attracted attention. Since a large number of high-capacity batteries are highly concentrated in the energy storage device, under the influence of factors such as overcharging, over-discharging, overheating, and mechanical collision of the battery, it is easy to cause the collapse of the battery diaphragm and internal short circuit, resulting in thermal runaway and generating thermal runaway flue gas. After the above-mentioned thermal runaway flue gas is discharged, it is easy to accumulate and catch fire, and in severe cases, it will cause an explosion, posing a safety hazard. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to provide an energy storage device to solve the problem of potential safety hazards existing after the thermal runaway flue gas of the existing energy storage device is discharged.

[0005] The utility model provides an energy storage device, which is characterized in that it includes an energy storage box body, a fire safety system, and at least one battery pack assembly;

[0006] The above-mentioned energy storage box body includes an equipment warehouse and a battery warehouse, and a support frame is arranged in the battery warehouse;

[0007] The above-mentioned fire safety system includes a primary fire protection unit. The primary fire protection unit includes a flue gas confluence pipe and a flue gas treatment unit. The flue gas confluence pipe is used to transport the thermal runaway flue gas generated by each battery pack assembly to the flue gas treatment unit, and the flue gas treatment unit is used to treat the thermal runaway flue gas; at least part of the structure of the flue gas treatment unit is arranged in the equipment warehouse;

[0008] The above battery pack assembly includes a battery pack support frame, an explosion vent busbar, and n series-connected high-capacity battery modules fixed on the battery pack support frame; where n is an integer greater than 1; each high-capacity battery module includes a high-capacity battery and a bracket assembly, and the high-capacity battery includes a housing and a plurality of single cells arranged in the same direction inside the housing; the housing is provided with a shared chamber and an explosion vent pipe assembly communicating with the shared chamber; the inner cavity of the shared chamber is communicated with the inner cavities of all single cells; avoidance holes are opened on the top plate of the housing corresponding to the polarity terminals of each single cell; the polarity terminals of each single cell extend out of the avoidance holes, and the area of the housing top plate corresponding to the avoidance holes is fixedly sealed with the single cell housing; the above explosion vent busbar is communicated with the explosion vent pipe assembly of each high-capacity battery, and the outlet end of the explosion vent busbar is communicated with the flue gas busbar; wherein, each high-capacity battery module is fixed on the battery pack support frame through the bracket assembly, and the battery pack assembly is placed on the support frame in the battery compartment through the battery pack support frame.

[0009] In the energy storage device of the present utility model, the high-capacity battery places a plurality of single cells in a housing with a shared chamber, and uses the fact that the shared chamber is communicated with the inner cavities of the single cells located inside the housing, reducing the differences between the single cells, improving the consistency between the single cells to a certain extent, and thus improving the cycle life of the high-capacity battery to a certain extent. At the same time, an explosion vent pipe assembly communicating with the shared chamber is provided on the housing of each high-capacity battery, and a flue gas treatment system is also provided in the energy storage device. The explosion vent pipe assemblies of the high-capacity batteries are communicated with the flue gas busbar of the flue gas treatment system, and the thermal runaway flue gas sequentially passes through the explosion vent pipe assembly and the flue gas busbar and enters the flue gas treatment unit of the flue gas treatment system for treatment, reducing the safety hazards generated after the thermal runaway flue gas is discharged.

[0010] Further, the above shared chamber is an electrolyte shared chamber, and the electrolyte shared chamber is communicated with the electrolyte areas of the single cells; by using the fact that the electrolyte shared chamber is communicated with the electrolyte areas of the single cells located inside the housing, reducing the differences between the single cells, improving the consistency between the single cells to a certain extent, and thus improving the cycle life of the high-capacity battery to a certain extent.

[0011] Further, the above shared chamber can also be a gas shared chamber, and the gas shared chamber is communicated with the gas areas of the single cells. By using the fact that the gas shared chamber is communicated with the gas areas of the single cells located inside the housing, gas balance is achieved, reducing the differences between the single cells, improving the consistency between the single cells to a certain extent, and thus improving the cycle life of the high-capacity battery to a certain extent.

[0012] Further, the above-mentioned shared chamber includes an electrolyte shared chamber and a gas shared chamber. The electrolyte shared chamber communicates with the electrolyte regions of each single battery, and the gas shared chamber communicates with the gas regions of each single battery. By connecting the electrolyte shared chamber with the inner cavity electrolyte regions of each single battery located within the outer casing, and connecting the gas shared chamber with the inner cavity gas regions of each single battery located within the outer casing, gas balance is achieved, the differences between each single battery are reduced, and to a certain extent, the consistency between each single battery is improved, thereby improving the cycle life of the large-capacity battery to a certain extent.

[0013] Further, the above-mentioned shared chamber includes an electrolyte shared chamber and a gas shared chamber. The electrolyte shared chamber communicates with the electrolyte regions of each single battery, and the gas shared chamber is a gas passage located between the top plate of the outer casing and each single battery. This gas passage covers the explosion vent parts of each single battery. When the explosion vent part of any single battery is broken through by the hot runaway flue gas in the inner cavity, the gas region of this single battery is connected to the gas passage, and the hot runaway flue gas in the inner cavity of this single battery is discharged through the gas passage, improving the safety of the large-capacity battery.

[0014] Further, the outer casing includes a cylindrical component with open ends at both ends and end plate components covering the two open ends of the cylindrical component;

[0015] The electrolyte shared chamber is located at the bottom of the cylindrical component and is a liquid passage extending in the x direction.

[0016] Further, the cylindrical component includes a cylinder and two convex platforms arranged in the y direction and extending in the x direction with the same length as the cylinder on the inner bottom surface of the cylinder. The top surface of the convex platform is the support surface for each single battery. In the y direction, a liquid passage is formed between the two convex platforms, serving as the electrolyte shared chamber.

[0017] Further, the end plate component includes a first end plate and a second end plate; a first through hole is opened on the first end plate; the first end plate is used to cooperate with the explosion vent mechanism fixed at the first through hole to seal the open ends of the gas shared chamber, the electrolyte shared chamber, and the open end of the cylinder of the large-capacity battery; the second end plate is parallel to the first end plate and there is a gap between the two. This gap serves as the gas passage; the gas passage extends in the z direction, the intake end of the gas passage is used to communicate with the gas shared chamber, and the outlet end of the gas passage communicates with the first through hole; in the z direction, the intake end of the gas passage is higher than the outlet end of the gas passage.

[0018] Set the fixed area of the explosion vent mechanism as the end plate area with a relatively large area at the open end of the electrolyte shared chamber or between the open end of the gas chamber and the open end of the electrolyte shared chamber. Compared with fixing the explosion vent mechanism in the end plate area opposite to the gas chamber, it is easier to install the explosion vent mechanism.

[0019] When the end plate assembly is hermetically fixed to the open end of the cylinder assembly, the explosion venting mechanism is used to seal the first through hole; the air inlet of the gas passage communicates with the gas chamber, and the air outlet of the gas passage communicates with the explosion venting mechanism through the first through hole; and the gap between the first end plate and the second end plate is directly used as the gas passage, so that the gas passage has a large flow-through area, and the large-capacity battery has high safety performance.

[0020] Furthermore, the end plate assembly further includes a third end plate closely attached to the inner surface of the second end plate. By adding the third end plate, on the one hand, by adjusting the size of the third end plate in the x direction (the arrangement direction of the single cells, which is also the length direction of the outer shell and the cylinder), all the single cells can be clamped in the x direction, improving the stability of each single cell in the inner cavity of the outer shell, and preventing the problem that the swelling of each single cell leads to the reduction of the cycle performance of the large-capacity battery; on the other hand, the third end plate can be used to further reduce the influence of the thermal runaway flue gas in the gas passage on the outermost single cell.

[0021] Furthermore, the large-capacity battery further includes 2n sealing connectors; the outer shell area around each avoidance hole and the single cell housing are fixedly sealed by a sealing connector; the sealing connector includes a hollow member sleeved outside the polar terminal of the single cell, and the orthographic projection of the open bottom end of the hollow member on the upper cover plate of the single cell covers the weak area around the polar terminal on the upper cover plate of the single cell; the bottom of the hollow member and the outer peripheral area of the weak area are welded and sealed, and the top of the hollow member and the outer shell top plate area around the avoidance hole are welded and sealed.

[0022] During use, the hollow member is sleeved outside the polar terminal of the single cell, the bottom and the outer peripheral area of the weak area are welded and sealed, and the top of the hollow member and the outer shell top plate area around the avoidance hole are welded and sealed. Whether there is a gap between the outer shell and the upper cover plate of each single cell, or the gap size is different, the hollow member can seal and fix the outer shell and the upper cover plate of the single cell, thus ensuring the sealing performance of the outer shell of the large-capacity battery; at the same time, by optimizing the size and shape of the open bottom end of the sealing connector, the orthographic projection of the open bottom end of the hollow member on the upper cover plate of the single cell covers the weak area around the polar terminal on the upper cover plate of the single cell; further ensuring that when welding the bottom of the hollow member and the area around the polar terminal on the upper cover plate of the single cell, the weak area around the polar terminal on the upper cover plate of the single cell can be avoided, and a series of problems such as the scrapping of the single cell and the dispersion of thermal runaway flue gas caused by the damage to the weak area during the welding process can be avoided.

[0023] Furthermore, the sealed connector further includes a bottom plate fixed to the open end at the bottom of the hollow member; a through hole is provided on the bottom plate; the orthographic projection of the through hole on the upper cover plate of the single cell covers the weak area around the polar terminal on the upper cover plate of the single cell; the bottom plate is used for welding and sealing with the area outside the weak area. Based on the bottom plate, the welding of the upper cover plate and the sealed connector can be reliably achieved. At the same time, the orthographic projection of the through hole on the upper cover plate of the single cell covers the weak area around the polar terminal on the upper cover plate of the single cell; in this way, when the bottom plate is welded to the upper cover plate of the single cell, the welding part is necessarily located outside the weak area.

[0024] Furthermore, the polar terminal includes a pole post adapter fixed to the pole post of the single cell; the pole post adapter includes a block-shaped pole post adapter body and an electrical connection post fixed on the pole post adapter body and protruding from the pole post adapter body; a first hole corresponding to the electrical connection post is provided on the pole post adapter body, and each electrical connection post is connected to the pole post of the single cell through each first hole. By using the pole post adapter, the preparation process of related large-capacity batteries can be simplified. In the preparation process of related large-capacity batteries, there is no need to use a support member to lift the single cell so that its pole post extends out of the avoidance hole. It is only necessary to extend the electrical connection post of the pole post adapter into the avoidance hole and connect it to the pole posts of each single cell in the housing.

[0025] Furthermore, in order to improve the connection strength between the pole post adapter and the pole post, the bottom of the blind hole is connected to the pole post of the single cell by welding; in order to eliminate the welding stress, a third through hole penetrating the blind hole is provided at the bottom of the blind hole, and the diameter of the third through hole is smaller than the diameter of the blind hole.

[0026] Furthermore, the large-capacity battery further includes a heat transfer tube, and the heat transfer tube includes a first tube, a second tube and a connecting tube; a through groove is provided on the pole post adapter body; the first tube is fixed in the through groove of the positive polar terminal of each single cell in the large-capacity battery; the second tube is fixed in the through groove of the negative polar terminal of each single cell in the large-capacity battery; both ends of the connecting tube are respectively connected to the ports on the same side of the first tube and the second tube. The heat transfer tube is in direct contact with the polar terminals of each single cell, and the heat is timely conducted out. This heat dissipation method realizes the balanced heat dissipation of each single cell in the large-capacity battery and improves the use safety of the large-capacity battery.

[0027] Furthermore, the large-capacity battery further includes a pressing plate; the pressing plate includes a pressing portion and a fixing portion; the pressing portion has an arc surface, which is used to cooperate with the through groove of the pole post adapter to press the heat transfer tube in the through groove; the fixing portions are arranged on both sides of the pressing portion and are connected to the pole post adapters of each single battery, and are used to realize the parallel connection of multiple single batteries and at the same time fix the pressing portion on the pole post adapter. The pressing plate is connected to the polarity terminals of each single battery, and can realize reliable parallel connection between the single batteries. At the same time, the pressing plate cooperates with the polarity terminals to press the heat transfer tube in the through groove of the polarity terminals, so that the heat transfer tube is in close contact with the through groove of the polarity terminals, and there is almost no heat conduction gap between the two, improving the heat exchange effect between the heat transfer tube and the polarity terminals.

[0028] Furthermore, an insulating and sealing adhesive layer is laid on the top of the large-capacity battery. The insulating and sealing adhesive layer includes a first sub-insulating and sealing adhesive layer and a second sub-insulating and sealing adhesive layer. The first sub-insulating and sealing adhesive layer is an insulating and sealing adhesive layer with a temperature resistance higher than the temperature of the thermal runaway flue gas, and is arranged in the gap between the polarity terminal of the single battery and the relief hole; the temperature resistance of the second sub-insulating and sealing adhesive layer is lower than that of the first sub-insulating and sealing adhesive layer. The second sub-insulating and sealing adhesive layer is laid on the top plate of the housing and covers the main body of the pole post adapter, the heat transfer tube and the pressing plate. The first sub-insulating and sealing adhesive layer is directly in contact with the pole post of the single battery, and can play a role in protecting and fixing the pole post of the single battery. Under the protection and fixation of the first sub-insulating and sealing adhesive layer, when thermal runaway occurs, the pole post of the single battery is not easily detached or cracked with the upper cover of the single battery. Therefore, it can prevent the thermal runaway flue gas from leaking from the gap between the polarity terminal of the single battery and the relief hole; in addition, the first sub-insulating and sealing adhesive layer can also play a role in sealing the gap between the polarity terminal of the single battery and the relief hole, further improving the sealing performance of the relief hole part of the housing.

[0029] Furthermore, the above-mentioned pole post adapter further includes an electrical connection portion provided on the main body of the pole post adapter; the above-mentioned electrical connection portion is used to connect with an external electrical connector while preventing the insulating sealant from overflowing from a partial injection area.

[0030] Further, the large-capacity battery further includes an insulating protective cover, which includes an insulating frame and an insulating cover plate; the lower end of the insulating frame is fixed to the top of the large-capacity battery to prevent the insulating sealant liquid from overflowing the outer shell top plate; the upper end of the insulating frame is snap-fitted with the above-mentioned insulating cover plate; a notch is provided at the upper end of the side wall of the insulating frame parallel to the xz plane, and the notch cooperates with the insulating cover plate to form a slit through which the large-capacity battery is electrically connected to an external device. Using the insulating frame of the insulating protective cover as a casting mold, there is no need to demold after casting, and at the same time, the bonding strength between the insulating frame and the top of the large-capacity battery can be improved. At the same time, the insulating protective cover provides insulating protection for the pole adapter, avoiding potential safety hazards that may exist when the pole adapter is exposed during the operation of the large-capacity battery, and also avoiding the problem that some foreign objects in the external environment fall into the position of the pole adapter and cause a short circuit of the large-capacity battery, improving the safety of the large-capacity battery.

[0031] Further, the above-mentioned bracket assembly includes a support member and two L-shaped brackets; the support member is placed at the bottom of the large-capacity battery to support the large-capacity battery; the L-shaped bracket includes a first bracket and a second bracket, wherein the first bracket is parallel to the yz plane and the second bracket is parallel to the xy plane, and the first brackets of the two L-shaped brackets are respectively fixed at both ends of the support member, and the second brackets of the two L-shaped brackets are respectively fixed to the opposite side beams of the battery pack support frame.

[0032] Further, a channel is provided in the boss along the x direction; the support member includes two support ribs, and the two support ribs are respectively inserted into the two channels to support the large-capacity battery.

[0033] Further, the above-mentioned explosion relief pipe assembly includes a first explosion relief member and a second explosion relief member; the first explosion relief member includes a first hollow pipe fitting connected to the outer shell, and an explosion relief film is provided in the first hollow pipe fitting; the second explosion relief member is a three-way pipe, and its first interface is hermetically connected to the first explosion relief member, and the second interfaces and the third interfaces of the second explosion relief members of adjacent large-capacity batteries are connected through a flexible pipe section to form an explosion relief manifold.

[0034] Further, the first explosion relief member further includes a second hollow pipe fitting connected to the first hollow pipe fitting; the material of the second hollow pipe fitting is an insulating material, the second explosion relief member is a union three-way pipe, and the union joint of the second explosion relief member is threadedly connected to the second hollow pipe fitting.

[0035] Furthermore, the above-mentioned flue gas treatment unit includes at least one of a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, a flue gas cooling device, and an ignition device; the above-mentioned liquid treatment device, solid treatment device, and flue gas cooling device are placed in the equipment bin; the above-mentioned ignition device is placed outside the energy storage tank; the above-mentioned liquid treatment device is mainly used to treat the electrolyte and gas in the thermal runaway flue gas; the above-mentioned flue gas cooling device is mainly used to cool the thermal runaway flue gas; the above-mentioned solid treatment device is mainly used to adsorb the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas; the above-mentioned ignition device is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0036] In the energy storage device of the present utility model, the flue gas treatment unit includes at least one of a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, a flue gas cooling device, and an ignition device; the flue gas treatment unit treats the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the energy storage device in various ways to avoid potential safety hazards caused by the discharge of the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0037] Furthermore, the above-mentioned liquid treatment device includes M liquid treatment tanks, each liquid treatment tank is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet, the first to the (M - 1)th liquid treatment tanks are filled with liquid treatment media, and the Mth liquid treatment tank is an empty tank, where M is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0038] In the energy storage device of the present utility model, since there is a certain amount of electrolyte in the above-mentioned large-capacity battery, when the electrolyte sprays out with the thermal runaway flue gas during the thermal runaway of the large-capacity battery, it passes through the liquid treatment device, and the liquid treatment device effectively treats the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas. At the same time, the Mth liquid treatment tank of the liquid treatment device is an empty tank. When the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas is too high, the empty tank can collect the liquid treatment media extruded from the liquid treatment tank by the high-pressure thermal runaway flue gas, preventing the liquid treatment media from being extruded into subsequent devices and affecting the devices at the back.

[0039] Furthermore, the above-mentioned flue gas treatment unit includes a liquid treatment device and an ignition device; the above-mentioned ignition device is connected to the flue gas outlet of the Mth liquid treatment tank and is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device.

[0040] In the energy storage device of the present utility model, the flue gas treatment unit includes a liquid treatment device and an ignition device. The ignition device performs a controllable ignition treatment on the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device, and the thermal runaway flue gas after the ignition treatment can be directly discharged without potential hazards such as combustion and explosion.

[0041] Further, the above-mentioned liquid treatment medium is an alkaline solution. This alkaline solution can not only fully treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose and generate combustible gases. At the same time, this alkaline solution can also treat some of the gases in the thermal runaway flue gas, and the gas volume of the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the alkaline solution is greatly reduced. Among them, the treatment effect of the thermal runaway flue gas with a 0.05 - 0.5 mol / L NaOH solution is relatively prominent.

[0042] Further, the above-mentioned primary fire protection unit further includes a buffer device. The buffer device includes at least one buffer tank. The buffer tank is provided with a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet communicating with its inner cavity. The buffer device is arranged between the smoke confluence pipe and the smoke treatment unit and is used for buffering the thermal runaway flue gas. Adding a buffer tank at the front end of the smoke treatment unit, the buffer tank not only buffers the thermal runaway flue gas, but also enables the thermal runaway flue gas to enter the smoke treatment unit at a relatively stable flow rate, so that the thermal runaway flue gas can be fully treated by the liquid treatment device. At the same time, the buffer tank can collect some of the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas to reduce the usage amount of the subsequent liquid treatment device.

[0043] Further, the above-mentioned primary fire protection unit further includes a safety device. The safety device includes a safety pipeline and a safety discharge part; the inlet of each safety pipeline is connected to the smoke confluence pipe or the buffer tank, and the outlet of the safety pipeline is connected to the external environment; the safety discharge part is arranged on the safety pipeline, and its opening pressure is less than the opening pressure of the large-capacity battery explosion relief part. This safety device can discharge the thermal runaway flue gas through the safety device when the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas in the smoke confluence pipe is too high, so as to avoid potential safety hazards caused by excessive pressure in the smoke confluence pipe and improve the safety during the treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0044] Further, the above-mentioned smoke confluence pipe includes a primary confluence pipe and a secondary confluence pipe. The primary confluence pipe is connected to the outlet end of the battery pack assembly explosion relief confluence pipe, and the secondary confluence pipe is connected to each primary confluence pipe to centrally transport the thermal runaway flue gas in each primary confluence pipe to the smoke treatment unit.

[0045] Further, the above-mentioned fire safety system further includes a secondary fire protection unit. The secondary fire protection unit includes a fire-fighting device and a fire-fighting pipeline; the fire-fighting device contains a fire-extinguishing substance, and the fire-fighting pipeline is used to transport the fire-extinguishing substance in the fire-fighting device to the energy storage box body. When there is thermal runaway flue gas in the energy storage box body or the large-capacity battery catches fire or explodes, the secondary fire protection unit prevents the thermal runaway flue gas from igniting an open fire or extinguishes the large-capacity battery that has caught fire. Through the cooperation of the primary fire protection unit and the secondary fire protection unit, the large-capacity batteries of the entire energy storage device are protected for safety, which can further improve the safety of the entire energy storage device.

[0046] Further, the above-mentioned fire safety system further includes a third-level fire protection unit, which includes a fire sprinkler pipeline and at least one water mist nozzle arranged on the fire sprinkler pipeline. The inlet of the fire sprinkler pipeline is used to connect to an external fire water pipe. This third-level fire protection unit can extinguish the battery correspondingly when there is a large open fire during the thermal runaway combustion of multiple batteries, or continue to extinguish the battery after the extinguishing substances in the second-level fire protection unit are consumed, further improving the safety of the entire energy storage device.

[0047] Further, the support frame includes three parallel mounting brackets; each mounting bracket includes a plurality of first support beams and a plurality of second support beams; each of the first support beams extends in the z direction, and the plurality of first support beams are arranged in the y direction; each of the second support beams extends in the y direction, and the plurality of second support beams are arranged in the z direction and fixed on the first support beams; between the two second support beams of the two mounting brackets located in the same xy plane, at least two battery pack component mounting positions are formed and arranged in the y direction; one battery pack component is fixed in each battery pack component mounting position; the battery pack components located on both sides of the middle mounting bracket are electrically connected through a first electrical connection plate. By setting three mounting brackets, a large battery pack component accommodation space can be formed between every two mounting brackets; in each large battery pack component accommodation space, at least two battery pack component mounting positions are formed and arranged in the y direction between the two second support beams located in the same xy plane; on the premise of having the same number of battery pack components, compared with the energy storage device with one or two battery pack components per layer, the height of the entire energy storage device is reduced, making its storage, transportation and use not easily restricted by the height of the space environment.

[0048] Further, the battery pack support frame is a rectangular frame, and rollers are provided at the bottoms of the two opposite second side beams of the battery pack support frame. The rollers are placed on the second support beams and are transported into the battery pack component mounting position by a sliding installation method, and positioning is achieved through a limiting device provided on the mounting bracket.

[0049] Further, the above-mentioned battery pack support frame includes a U-shaped frame and a first beam fixedly connected to the open end of the U-shaped frame in a detachable manner; the first beam is an I-shaped steel, and the explosion venting manifold is fixed in the inner space between the upper flange and the lower flange of the first beam. Embedding the explosion venting manifold directly into the space between the upper flange and the lower flange of the first beam without occupying additional space makes the battery pack component have a high energy density.

[0050] Furthermore, in the z direction, two adjacent battery pack components form a battery pack component unit; in each battery pack component unit, the battery pack support frames of the two battery pack components are plugged together through vertical support components, and the polarities of the two battery pack components on the same side are opposite. When using this battery pack component unit, the upper and lower battery pack components in the battery pack component unit can be electrically connected in a row on one side to achieve electrical connection, and then the whole can be installed in the energy storage box, which can save the operating space on one side of the box for connecting the battery pack components in series, and then improve the energy density of the energy storage device.

[0051] Furthermore, the vertical support component includes a plurality of first docking pipes vertically fixed to the bottom surface of the upper-layer battery pack support frame, and a plurality of second docking pipes vertically fixed to the top surface of the lower-layer battery pack support frame; the plurality of first docking pipes and the plurality of second docking pipes correspond one by one and are plugged together. Plugging the first docking pipes and the second docking pipes can also increase the connection strength and stability of the overall battery pack support frame. Description of the Drawings

[0052] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the energy storage device;

[0053] Figure 2 is a schematic partial structural diagram of the energy storage device;

[0054] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery pack component in Embodiment 1 Figure 1 ;

[0055] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery pack support frame in Embodiment 1;

[0056] Figure 5 is an exploded view of the battery pack support frame in Embodiment 1 Figure 1 ;

[0057] Figure 6 is an exploded view of the battery pack support frame in Embodiment 1 Figure 2 ;

[0058] Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the third beam of the battery pack support frame in Embodiment 1;

[0059] Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the large-capacity battery component in Embodiment 1;

[0060] Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the large-capacity battery in Embodiment 1 Figure 1 ;

[0061] Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of the large-capacity battery in Embodiment 1;

[0062] Figure 11 Explosion schematic diagram of the large-capacity battery housing in Example 1;

[0063] Figure 12 Structural schematic diagram of the cylinder assembly in Example 1;

[0064] Figure 13 Structural schematic of the end plate assembly in Example 1 Figure 1 ;

[0065] Figure 14 Structural schematic of the end plate assembly in Example 1 Figure 2 ;

[0066] Figure 15 Structural schematic of the end plate assembly in Example 1 Figure 3 ;

[0067] Figure 16 Structural schematic diagram of the end plate assembly with an additional third end plate in Example 1;

[0068] Figure 17 Structural schematic diagram of the sealing connector in Example 1;

[0069] Figure 18 Structural schematic of the sealing connector with a bottom plate in Example 1 Figure 1 ;

[0070] Figure 19 Structural schematic of the sealing connector with a bottom plate in Example 1 Figure 2 ;

[0071] Figure 20 Structural schematic diagram of another sealing connector;

[0072] Figure 21 Partial explosion schematic diagram of the large-capacity battery in Example 1;

[0073] Figure 22 Structural schematic diagram of the third type of sealing connector;

[0074] Figure 23 Structural schematic diagram of the pole adapter in Example 1;

[0075] Figure 24 Cross-sectional view of the pole adapter in Example 1;

[0076] Figure 25 Structural schematic of the large-capacity battery in Example 1 Figure 2 ;

[0077] Figure 26 Partial explosion structural schematic diagram of the large-capacity battery in Example 1;

[0078] Figure 27 Schematic diagram of the structure of the large-capacity battery in Example 1 (with a pressure plate);

[0079] Figure 28 Schematic diagram of the structure of the pressure plate in Example 1;

[0080] Figure 29 Schematic diagram of the structure of the large-capacity battery assembly in Example 1 (with an insulating protective cover);

[0081] Figure 30 Schematic diagram of the partial explosion structure of the large-capacity battery in Example 1 Figure 1 ;

[0082] Figure 31 Schematic diagram of the structure of the insulating frame in Example 1;

[0083] Figure 32 Schematic diagram of the partial structure of the large-capacity battery in Example 1;

[0084] Figure 33 Schematic diagram of the structure of the large-capacity battery in Example 1 Figure 3 ;

[0085] Figure 34 Schematic diagram of the partial explosion structure of the large-capacity battery in Example 1 Figure 2 ;

[0086] Figure 35 Schematic diagram of constructing a battery pack assembly based on the large-capacity battery in Example 1;

[0087] Figure 36 Schematic diagram of the structure of the battery pack assembly constructed based on the large-capacity battery in Example 1;

[0088] Figure 37 Schematic diagram of the partial explosion structure of the large-capacity battery with a second hollow pipe fitting in Example 1;

[0089] Figure 38 Schematic diagram of the structure of the bracket assembly in Example 1;

[0090] Figure 39 Explosion diagram of the bracket assembly in Example 1;

[0091] Figure 40 Schematic diagram of the partial structure of the bracket assembly in Example 1;

[0092] Figure 41 Schematic diagram of the structure of another bracket assembly;

[0093] Figure 42 Schematic diagram of the structure of the third type of bracket assembly;

[0094] Figure 43 Schematic diagram of a large-capacity battery with a third type of bracket assembly

[0095] Figure 44 Schematic diagram of the structure of the battery pack assembly in Embodiment 1 Figure 2 ;

[0096] Figure 45 Schematic diagram of the assembly process of the battery pack assembly in Embodiment 1

[0097] Figure 46 Partial structure schematic diagram of the energy storage box in Embodiment 2 Figure 1 ;

[0098] Figure 47 Partial structure schematic diagram of the energy storage box in Embodiment 2 Figure 2 ;

[0099] Figure 48 Schematic diagram of the structure of the support frame in Embodiment 2

[0100] Figure 49 Schematic diagram of the structure of the side mounting bracket in Embodiment 2

[0101] Figure 50 Schematic diagram of the structure of the intermediate mounting bracket in Embodiment 2

[0102] Figure 51 Schematic diagram of the structure of the semi-finished energy storage device in Embodiment 3

[0103] Figure 52 Schematic diagram of the structure of the battery pack assembly unit in Embodiment 3

[0104] Figure 53 Explosion structure schematic diagram of the battery pack assembly unit in Embodiment 3

[0105] Figure 54 Schematic diagram of the structure of each battery cluster in the semi-finished energy storage device in Embodiment 3

[0106] Figure 55 Schematic diagram of the structure of the fire safety system in Embodiment 4

[0107] Figure 56 Schematic diagram of the structure of the primary fire protection unit in Embodiment 4

[0108] Figure 57 For Figure 2 Enlarged view of area a

[0109] Figure 58 Schematic diagram of the structure of the liquid treatment device in Embodiment 4

[0110] Figure 59Cross-sectional view of the liquid treatment tank in Example 4;

[0111] Figure 60 Schematic structural diagram of the flue gas treatment unit containing a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, and an ignition unit in Example 4;

[0112] Figure 61 Schematic structural diagram of the flue gas treatment unit containing a buffer tank, a liquid treatment device, and an ignition unit in Example 4;

[0113] Figure 62 Schematic structural diagram of the secondary fire protection unit and the tertiary fire protection unit in Example 4;

[0114] Figure 63 Partial schematic structural diagram of the energy storage device in Example 5;

[0115] The reference numerals in the figure are: 1, energy storage box body; 11, equipment compartment; 12, battery compartment; 13, support frame; 131, side mounting bracket; 132, intermediate mounting bracket; 133, first support beam; 134, second support beam; 135, support rib plate; 2, fire safety system; 020, primary fire protection unit; 021, secondary fire protection unit; 022, tertiary fire protection unit; 211, primary manifold; 2120, secondary manifold; 22, flue gas treatment unit; 230, liquid treatment device; 2301, liquid treatment tank; 2302, connecting pipeline; 2303, flue gas inlet; 2304, flue gas outlet; 2305, liquid treatment medium filling port; 2306, drain pipe; 2307, shunt part; 2308, spiral baffle; 2210, ignition device; 2220, safety pipeline; 2230, safety discharge part; 231, solid treatment tank; 2321, flue gas pipeline; 2322, exhaust pipe; 2323, igniter; 2324, trigger; 2325, flame arrester; 234, buffer tank; 2341, smoke inlet; 2342, smoke outlet; 24, fire protection device; 25, fire protection pipeline; 26, fire water spray pipeline; 27, water mist nozzle; 3, battery pack assembly; 31, battery pack support frame; 311, U-shaped frame; 3111, second beam; 3112, third beam; 312, first beam; 313, connecting column; 314, roller; 32, explosion vent manifold; 33, high-capacity battery assembly; 330, high-capacity battery; 331, outer shell; 332, single battery; 333, electrolyte sharing chamber; 334, gas sharing chamber; 335, explosion vent pipe assembly; 336, terminal post; 337, terminal post adapter; 338, relief hole; 339, bracket assembly; 340, outer shell bottom plate; 341, outer shell top plate; 342, heat transfer pipe; 343, channel; 113, cylinder assembly; 1131, cylinder; 1132, boss; 114, end plate assembly; 1141, first end plate; 1142, second end plate; 1143, first support rib; 1144, gas channel; 1145, first sub-end plate; 1146, second sub-end plate; 1147, third sub-end plate; 1148, first through hole; 1149, second through hole; 1150, third end plate; 1221, terminal post adapter body; 1222, electrical connection column; 1223, electrical connection part; 1224, horizontal plate; 1225, vertical plate; 1226, first hole; 1227, third through hole; 123, through slot; 161, first pipe; 162, second pipe; 163, connecting pipe; 17, insulating protective cover; 18, sealing connector; 181, hollow member; 1811, bottom open end; 1812, top open end; 182, bottom plate; 1820, through hole; 183, second annular plate; 184, first annular plate; 19, pressing plate; 191, pressing part; 192, fixing part; 1921, screw hole; 1922, notch; 101, insulating frame body; 102, insulating cover plate;103, slit; 104, second insulating frame; 105, insulating base plate; 106, electrical connection post avoidance hole; 107, partition; 108, pole adapter accommodating cavity; 109, glue injection groove; 110, second chamber; 21, support member; 2110, support rib; 220, L-shaped bracket; 221, first bracket; 222, second bracket; 310, first explosion relief member; 320, second explosion relief member; 3110, first hollow pipe fitting; 3120, second hollow pipe fitting; 321, first interface; 322, second interface; 323, third interface; 4, flexible pipe section; 224, connecting rod; 226, positioning hole; 223, L-shaped support rod; 212, support plate; 5, battery pack assembly unit; 6, vertical support assembly; 61, first docking pipe; 62, second docking pipe; 7, electrical connection row; Detailed implementation manners

[0116] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present utility model more obvious and understandable, the following will describe in detail the specific implementation manners of the present utility model with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present utility model, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0117] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a thorough understanding of the present utility model. However, the present utility model can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the connotation of the present utility model. Therefore, the present utility model is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0118] In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "top, bottom" is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation of the present utility model. In addition, the terms "first, second, third, fourth, etc." are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0119] As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the present utility model discloses an energy storage device, including an energy storage box body 1, a fire safety system 2, and at least one battery pack assembly 3.

[0120] The energy storage box body 1 includes at least two functional compartments, which can be respectively defined as an equipment compartment 11 and a battery compartment 12 according to their functions. A support frame 13 is provided in the battery compartment 12. Part of the devices of the fire safety system 2 are placed in the equipment compartment 11, and the battery pack assembly 3 is placed on the support frame 13 in the battery compartment 12.

[0121] The fire safety system 2 includes a primary fire protection unit 020. The primary fire protection unit 020 includes a smoke converging pipe and a smoke treatment unit 22. The smoke converging pipe is used to convey the thermal runaway smoke generated by each battery pack assembly 3 to the smoke treatment unit 22, and the smoke treatment unit 22 is used to treat the thermal runaway smoke.

[0122] The battery pack assembly 3 includes a battery pack support frame 31, a burst vent converging pipe 32, and n series-connected large-capacity battery components fixed on the battery pack support frame 31, where n is an integer greater than 1. Each large-capacity battery component includes a large-capacity battery and a bracket assembly. Each large-capacity battery 330 includes a housing 331 and a plurality of single cells 332 arranged in the same direction inside the housing 331. The housing 331 is provided with a shared chamber and a burst vent pipe assembly 335 communicated with the shared chamber. The inner cavity of the shared chamber is communicated with the inner cavities of all single cells 332. Avoidance holes 338 are opened on the top plate 341 of the housing corresponding to the polarity terminals of each single cell 332. The polarity terminals of each single cell 332 extend out of the avoidance holes 338, and the area of the top plate 341 of the housing corresponding to the avoidance holes 338 is fixedly sealed with the housing of the single cell 332. The burst vent converging pipe 32 is communicated with the burst vent pipe assembly 335 of each large-capacity battery 330, and the outlet end of the burst vent converging pipe 32 is communicated with the smoke converging pipe. Each large-capacity battery component is fixed on the battery pack support frame through the bracket assembly, and the battery pack assembly is placed on the support frame in the battery compartment through the battery pack support frame.

[0123] It should be noted that the polarity terminal of the single cell described here can be the single cell pole. If it is to avoid that the single cell pole cannot smoothly extend out of the avoidance hole as the polarity terminal or the height of extending out of the avoidance hole does not meet the set requirements, a pole adapter can also be connected to the single cell pole, and the overall structure of the cooperation between the single cell pole and the pole adapter is used as the polarity terminal of the single cell.

[0124] The following will detail the specific structures of the battery pack assembly 3, the fire safety system 2, and the energy storage box body 1, as well as the cooperation relationship among the three with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0125] Embodiment 1

[0126] This embodiment is about the battery pack assembly 3, and the specific structure can be seen in Figures 3 to 45 .

[0127] Such as Figure 3As shown, the battery pack assembly 3 of this embodiment includes a battery pack support frame 31, an explosion vent busbar 32, and 13 series-connected large-capacity battery components 33 fixed on the battery pack support frame 31 ( Figure 3 only the outermost two large-capacity battery components 33 are schematically shown in

[0128] ). In some other embodiments, the number of large-capacity battery components 33 can be adjusted according to actual requirements. Figures 4 to 7 The structure of the battery pack support frame 31 is as shown in Figure 5 . It can be seen from the figure that the battery pack support frame 31 of this embodiment is a rectangular frame. To facilitate fixing the large-capacity battery components 33 on the battery pack support frame 31, combined with

[0129] it can be seen that the battery pack support frame 31 of this embodiment is designed as a split structure, including a U-shaped frame 311 and a first beam 312 fixed at the open end of the U-shaped frame 311. The assembly of the large-capacity battery components 33 and the battery pack support frame 31 is realized through the open end of the U-shaped frame 311.

[0130] The U-shaped frame 311 and the first beam 312 can be fixedly connected through two connecting columns 313.

[0131] For the convenience of description, the U-shaped frame 311 of this embodiment is split into three parts, which are respectively defined as a second beam 3111 and two third beams 3112 respectively fixed at both ends of the second beam 3111 (the two third beams 3112 are the two opposite side beams in the U-shaped frame 311); among them, the U-shaped frame 311 can be an integral part, that is, the second beam 3111 and the two third beams 3112 are an integral part; the U-shaped frame 311 can also be a split part, that is, the second beam 3111 and the two third beams 3112 are independent parts, and are assembled into the U-shaped frame 311 by welding or screwing later. Figure 5 and Figure 6 ). The upper flange of the I-beam is used as the fixing surface for the large-capacity battery components 33. The third beam 3112 adopts square steel. In addition, for the convenience of assembly, this embodiment also sets rollers 314 at the bottom of the third beam 3112, as shown in Figure 7 .

[0132] The first beam 312 and the second beam 3111 can also be selected as square steel. The support strength of the square steel is weak. In order to improve the support strength of the entire battery pack support frame 31, it is necessary to add support structure members in the middle of the frame. However, after adding the support structure members, the distance between the large-capacity battery components 33 on both sides of the support structure members will be relatively large, which will lead to a relatively small energy density of the entire battery pack assembly.

[0133] In this embodiment, the first beam 312 and the second beam 3111 adopt I-shaped steel, and the upper flange is used as the fixing surface for the large-capacity battery module 33. The upper flange is the maximum load-bearing surface of the I-shaped steel, so that the entire battery pack support frame 31 has good support strength and there is no need to add additional support structural members. Furthermore, the gaps between all the large-capacity battery modules 33 can be made equal (with a small gap), improving the energy density of the entire battery pack module 3.

[0134] In this embodiment, the inner space between the upper and lower flanges of the first beam 312 is used as the accommodation space for the explosion relief manifold 32. At the same time, through holes are opened on the first beam 312 so that the outlet end of the explosion relief manifold 32 can pass through (see Figure 34 ).

[0135] For the structure of the large-capacity battery module 33 in this embodiment, see Figures 8 to 43 ;

[0136] Combined with Figures 8 to 11 it can be seen that the large-capacity battery module 33 in this embodiment includes a large-capacity battery 330 and a bracket assembly 339.

[0137] Among them, the large-capacity battery 330 includes a housing 331 and single cells 332 arranged in the housing 331.

[0138] In this embodiment, the single cells 332 are square shell batteries, and the number is 13. In other embodiments, the number and type of the single cells 332 can be adjusted according to actual requirements. The inner cavity of each single cell 332 includes an electrolyte area and a gas area.

[0139] In this embodiment, on the bottom plate 340 of the housing, an electrolyte sharing chamber 333 is provided along the x direction, and the inner cavity of the electrolyte sharing chamber 333 is communicated with the electrolyte areas of the inner cavities of the respective single cells 332.

[0140] On the top plate 341 of the housing, a gas sharing chamber 334 is provided along the x direction, and the gas sharing chamber 334 covers the gas ports at the tops of the respective single cells 332.

[0141] It should be noted that the gas ports here have the following two meanings:

[0142] 1) The gas port is a through hole directly opened on the upper cover plate of the single cell and penetrating the inner cavity of the single cell;

[0143] At this time, the inner cavity of the gas sharing chamber is communicated with the gas areas of the inner cavities of each single battery through the gas port. Based on the gas sharing chamber, the gas areas of each single battery can be communicated to achieve gas balance, enabling the gas sharing of each single battery to ensure the consistency of each single battery, and improving the cycle life of the large-capacity battery to a certain extent. When thermal runaway occurs in any single battery, the flue gas in the inner cavity of the single battery enters the gas sharing chamber and is discharged through the gas sharing chamber, improving the safety of the large-capacity battery.

[0144] 2) The gas port is a bursting port or explosion-proof port provided on the upper cover plate of the single battery, and a bursting film is provided at the bursting port or explosion-proof port;

[0145] At this time, the gas sharing chamber is used as a bursting channel. When the bursting film at the gas port of any single battery is broken by the flue gas in the inner cavity, the inner cavity of the single battery is communicated with the gas sharing chamber, and the internal flue gas is discharged through the gas sharing chamber, improving the safety of the large-capacity battery.

[0146] In some other embodiments, only the electrolyte sharing chamber 333 or the gas sharing chamber 334 may be provided, or a gas-liquid sharing chamber may be provided in the side wall of the outer shell 331 (parallel to the xz plane) along the x direction, and the inner cavity of the gas-liquid sharing chamber is communicated with the electrolyte areas and gas areas of the inner cavities of each single battery 332.

[0147] As Figure 11 shown, it is a schematic diagram of the explosion structure of the outer shell 331 of this embodiment. The outer shell 331 is disassembled into a cylindrical component 113 with open ends at both ends and an end plate component 114 covering the open ends of the cylindrical component 113. The structure of the cylindrical component 113 is as Figure 12 shown, including a cylinder 1131 and two bosses 1132 for forming the electrolyte sharing chamber 333; both ends of the cylinder 1131 are open ends; the two bosses 1132 are located on the inner bottom surface of the cylinder 1131, have the same length as the cylinder 1131, extend along the x direction and are arranged in the y direction. The top surface of the boss 1132 is the supporting surface of each single battery 332. In the y direction, a liquid channel is formed between the two bosses 1132 as the electrolyte sharing chamber 333. The above cylindrical component 113 can be integrally formed by an aluminum extrusion process.

[0148] In some other embodiments, the electrolyte sharing chamber 333 can also be directly formed on the bottom plate of the cylinder, which is formed by protruding the bottom plate of the cylinder away from the top plate of the cylinder 1131; or a pipe section can be provided outside the bottom plate of the cylinder, and the inner cavity of the pipe section is used as the electrolyte sharing chamber 333 (through holes need to be opened on the pipe wall and the bottom plate of the cylinder).

[0149] In some other embodiments, the outer shell 331 includes a cylinder body with open upper and lower ends, and an upper cover plate and a lower cover plate respectively covering the open upper and lower ends of the cylinder body; the electrolyte sharing chamber 333 is arranged on the lower cover plate, and the gas sharing chamber 334 is arranged on the upper cover plate; the lower cover plate and the cylinder body can also be an integral part.

[0150] As Figures 13 to 16 shown, the structural schematic diagram of the end plate assembly 114 in this embodiment includes a first end plate 1141 and a second end plate 1142 that are parallel to each other. A first support rib 1143 is arranged between the first end plate 1141 and the second end plate 1142 to form a gas channel 1144. It can be seen from the figure that this embodiment includes two first support ribs 1143. The two first support ribs 1143 extend in the z direction and are arranged in the y direction. A gas channel 1144 is formed between the first end plate 1141, the second end plate 1142 and the two first support ribs 1143. In the z direction, the sizes of the two first support ribs 1143 are the same as the size of the second end plate 1142. The gas channel 1144 extends in the z direction. The upper end port is used as the intake end of the gas channel 1144, and the lower end port is used as the outlet end of the gas channel 1144. This outlet end communicates with a first through hole 1148 opened on the first end plate 1141.

[0151] In some other embodiments, one or more than two first support ribs 1143 can be arranged between the first end plate 1141 and the second end plate 1142, as long as it is ensured that a structurally stable gap can be formed between the first end plate 1141 and the second end plate 1142 as the gas channel 1144.

[0152] When one first support rib 1143 is adopted, the first support rib 1143 can extend in the z direction. In the y direction, it can be located in the middle of the first end plate 1141 and the second end plate 1142. However, compared with this embodiment, its structural stability is weaker.

[0153] When more than two first support ribs 1143 are adopted, the first support ribs 1143 can extend in the z direction and are arranged at equal intervals in the y direction. Compared with this embodiment, it has higher structural strength, but the processing cost is higher.

[0154] In some other embodiments, the second end plate 1142 can be fixed to the first end plate 1141 by means of screws. It should be noted that, in order to ensure the formation of the gas passage 1144 between the second end plate 1142 and the first end plate 1141, in the x direction, the length of the screw should be greater than the gap between the second end plate 1142 and the first end plate 1141 and less than the distance between the inner surface of the second end plate 1142 and the outer surface of the first end plate 1141 (the surface close to each single battery 332 is defined as the inner surface). The screw head passes through the second end plate 1142 and is connected to the first end plate 1141. In order for the end plate assembly 114 to better extrude each single battery 332 as a whole, in this embodiment, a gasket is provided between the second end plate 1142 and the first end plate 1141, and the screw head passes through the second end plate 1142, the gasket and the first end plate 1141 in sequence for connection, so as to prevent the gap between the second end plate 1142 and the first end plate 1141 from becoming smaller or even disappearing when extruding the single battery 332.

[0155] In this embodiment, the end plate assembly 114 is an integral part, that is, the first end plate 1141, the second end plate 1142 and the first support rib 1143 are integral parts, and can be integrally formed by an aluminum extrusion process. Compared with the split parts, it has a stable structure and a lower processing cost.

[0156] In order to ensure that all the hot runaway flue gas enters the gas passage 1144, in the y direction, it is preferably that the distance between two first support ribs 1143 is greater than the size of the gas sharing chamber 334, that is, the size of the air inlet end of the gas passage 1144 is greater than the size of the air outlet end of the gas sharing chamber 334; when any single battery 332 has a thermal runaway, the flue gas in the cavity of the single battery 332 enters the gas sharing chamber 334, and after spraying out from the gas sharing chamber 334, it can all enter the gas passage 1144 and push open the explosion vent pipe assembly 335 fixed at the first through hole 1148 of the first end plate 1141 and be discharged.

[0157] As Figure 11 shown, in this embodiment, the end plate assembly 114 is fixed to at least one open end of the above-mentioned cylinder assembly 113, and the other open end can be sealed by another end plate assembly 114. The difference between this other end plate assembly 114 and the above-mentioned end plate assembly 114 is that the first through hole 1148 is not provided on the first end plate 1141.

[0158] For the convenience of description, according to different sealing objects, the first end plate 1141 in this embodiment is divided into three regions, and the three regions are respectively defined as the first sub-end plate 1145, the second sub-end plate 1146 and the third sub-end plate 1147, as Figure 14 shown.

[0159] Among them, the first sub-end plate 1145 is used to seal the open end of the gas sharing chamber 334 of the large-capacity battery 330. The shape of the first sub-end plate 1145 is adapted to the shape of the open end of the gas sharing chamber 334, and the area can be slightly larger than the area of the open end of the gas sharing chamber 334, and it is fixed to the open end of the gas sharing chamber 334 by means of fusion welding; the area can also be slightly smaller than the area of the open end of the gas sharing chamber 334, and it is fixed to the open end of the gas sharing chamber 334 by means of insert welding.

[0160] Among them, the second sub-end plate 1146 is used to seal the open end of the electrolyte sharing chamber 333 of the large-capacity battery 330. The shape of the second sub-end plate 1146 is adapted to the shape of the open end of the electrolyte sharing chamber 333, and the area can be slightly larger than the area of the open end of the electrolyte sharing chamber 333, and it is fixed to the open end of the electrolyte sharing chamber 333 by means of fusion welding; the area can also be slightly smaller than the area of the open end of the electrolyte sharing chamber 333, and it is fixed to the open end of the electrolyte sharing chamber 333 by means of insert welding.

[0161] Among them, the third sub-end plate 1147 is used to seal the open end of the cylinder body 1131 of the large-capacity battery 330. The shape of the third sub-end plate 1147 is adapted to the shape of the open end of the cylinder body 1131, and the area can be slightly larger than the area of the open end of the cylinder body 1131, and it is fixed to the open end of the cylinder body 1131 by means of fusion welding; the area can also be slightly smaller than the area of the open end of the cylinder body 1131, and it is fixed to the open end of the cylinder body 1131 by means of insert welding.

[0162] It should be noted that the first sub-end plate 1145, the second sub-end plate 1146 and the third sub-end plate 1147 in this embodiment are integral parts. In some other embodiments, a split structure can be adopted. However, compared with the integral part structure, firstly, its processing process is more complicated. Secondly, since each sub-end plate needs to be connected to each other, each connection part belongs to a weak part or an easy leakage point, which in turn leads to a weak sealing performance of the entire outer shell 331.

[0163] A first through hole 1148 is opened in the area of the first end plate 1141 corresponding to the second sub-end plate 1146 or the open end of the electrolyte sharing chamber 333. Figure 9 It can be seen that in this embodiment, a part of the first through hole 1148 is located on the second sub-end plate 1146, and the other part is located on the third sub-end plate 1147. The explosion vent pipe assembly 335 is welded at the first through hole 1148 (see Figure 9 ).

[0164] Combined with Figure 15It can be seen that the shape of the second end plate 1142 in this embodiment is adapted to the shape of the third sub-end plate 1147. In the yz plane, the orthographic projection of the second end plate 1142 is located on the third sub-end plate 1147, and the projected area is less than or equal to that of the third sub-end plate 1147, avoiding the second end plate 1142 from blocking the first through hole 1148.

[0165] In some other embodiments, when the second end plate 1142 has a relatively large dimension in the z direction and is fixed to the third sub-end plate 1147, it may block the first through hole 1148, resulting in the inability of the gas passage 1144 or the electrolyte sharing chamber 333 to communicate with the explosion vent pipe assembly 335. To solve this problem, a through hole or notch communicating with the first through hole 1148 may be provided in the second end plate 1142 to ensure the communication between the first through hole 1148 and the electrolyte sharing chamber 333 or the gas passage 1144.

[0166] The end plate assembly 114 is fixed to the open end of the cylinder assembly 113, and cooperates with the explosion vent pipe assembly 335 to seal the open end of the cylinder 1131 while sealing the open ends of the gas sharing chamber 334 and the electrolyte sharing chamber 333. Through the gas passage 1144 on the end plate assembly 114, the gas sharing chamber 334 and the electrolyte sharing chamber 333 are communicated. When any single cell 332 undergoes thermal runaway and the flue gas in its inner cavity rushes out from the gas port, it will sequentially pass through the gas sharing chamber 334 and the gas passage 1144, and blow open the explosion vent pipe assembly 335 and be discharged from the explosion vent pipe assembly 335.

[0167] When the gas sharing chamber 334 serves as the explosion venting channel 343, the first through hole 1148 is located in the area of the first end plate 1141 opposite to the open end of the electrolyte sharing chamber 333. The first through hole 1148 also serves as the operation port of the unpacking device. The unpacking device extends into the electrolyte sharing chamber 333 through the first through hole 1148 to unpack each single cell 332, so that the electrolyte areas in the electrolyte sharing chamber 333 and the inner cavities of each single cell 332 are connected. (During specific unpacking, the unpacking device extends into the electrolyte sharing chamber 333 through the first through hole 1148, and the sealing film sealed at the opening of the lower cover plate of each single cell 332 can be opened. Specifically, the sealing film can adopt the sealing films disclosed in Chinese patents CN218525645U and CN218525614U). In addition, the first through hole 1148 can also serve as the liquid injection port. After the electrolyte areas in the inner cavities of each single cell 332 and the electrolyte sharing chamber 333 are connected, electrolyte can be injected again into the inner cavities of each single cell 332 and the electrolyte sharing chamber 333 through the first through hole 1148 to ensure the continuity of the electrolyte. After the liquid injection is completed, the explosion venting pipe assembly 335 is sealed and welded to some areas of the second sub-end plate 1146 and the third sub-end plate 1147 around the first through hole 1148. Compared with separately opening the first through hole 1148, the operation port of the unpacking device or the liquid injection port on the end plate assembly 114, the overall structural strength of the end plate assembly 114 is relatively high, and the structure is simple and convenient for processing.

[0168] A second through hole 1149 can also be opened in the area of the first end plate 1141 corresponding to the open end of the gas sharing chamber 334. After injecting liquid through the second through hole 1149, the continuity of the electrolyte in the electrolyte sharing chamber 333 and the inner cavities of each single cell 332 can also be ensured. After the liquid injection is completed, the sealing sheet is sealed to some areas of the first sub-end plate 1145 and the third sub-end plate 1147 around the second through hole 1149.

[0169] When the gas sharing chamber 334 serves as the gas sharing chamber 334, in this embodiment, a second through hole 1149 can also be opened in the area of the first end plate 1141 corresponding to the open end of the gas sharing chamber 334. From Figure 8It can be seen that in this embodiment, the second through-hole 1149 is located on partial areas of the first sub-end plate 1145 and the third sub-end plate 1147, and the second through-hole 1149 is used as the liquid injection port. The electrolyte can be injected into the gas sharing chamber 334 through the second through-hole 1149 to dissolve the sealing film sealed at the top opening part of each single battery 332 (the sealing film disclosed in Chinese patents CN218525645U and CN218525614U can be adopted. When injecting liquid specifically, the entire large-capacity battery 330 can be inverted so that the sealing film is fully dissolved), so that the gas sharing chamber 334 is communicated with the inner cavities of each single battery 332; at the same time, after the large-capacity battery 330 is placed upright, after injecting liquid through the second through-hole 1149, the continuity of the electrolyte in the electrolyte sharing chamber 333 and the inner cavities of each single battery 332 can also be ensured. After the liquid injection is completed, the sealing piece is sealed on partial areas of the first sub-end plate 1145 and the third sub-end plate 1147 around the second through-hole 1149.

[0170] As Figure 16 shown, in this embodiment, a third end plate 1150 can be further added. The third end plate 1150 is closely attached to the inner surface of the second end plate 1142 (the surface of the second end plate 1142 close to the single battery 332 is defined as the inner surface). By adjusting the dimension of the third end plate 1150 in the x direction, all the single batteries 332 are clamped in the x direction, the stability of each single battery 332 in the inner cavity of the outer shell 331 is improved, and the problem that each single battery 332 bulges and causes the cyclic performance of the large-capacity battery 330 to decrease can be prevented. In addition, the influence of the thermal runaway flue gas on the outermost single battery 332 can be further avoided by using the third end plate 1150.

[0171] It should be noted that after adding the third end plate 1150, it is still necessary to ensure the connectivity of the gas sharing chamber 334, the gas channel 1144, the electrolyte sharing chamber 333, and the explosion vent pipe assembly 335. This can be achieved by reducing the dimension of the third end plate 1150 in the z direction so that it does not block the first through-hole 1148, or by opening through-holes or notches at the corresponding part of the third end plate 1150 and the first through-hole 1148.

[0172] See Figure 10 、 Figure 11 and Figure 12 , in this embodiment, avoidance holes 338 through which the polarity terminals of each single battery 332 can extend are opened on the top plate of the cylinder 1131 (the outer shell top plate 341); the polarity terminals of each single battery 332 extend out of the corresponding avoidance holes 338, and the area of the outer shell 331 around the avoidance holes 338 is fixedly sealed with the shell of the single battery 332. Correspondingly, if a cylinder with open upper and lower ends is adopted, avoidance holes 338 through which the polarity terminals of each single battery 332 can extend need to be opened on the upper cover plate.

[0173] In this embodiment, a sealing connector 18 is used to fixedly seal the area of the housing 331 around each avoidance hole 338 and the housing of the single battery 332.

[0174] In some other embodiments, when the dimensions of each single battery 332 in the z direction are similar, the area of the top plate 341 of the housing around the avoidance hole 338 and the upper cover plate of the corresponding single battery 332 can be directly welded to seal the area of the avoidance hole 338.

[0175] However, when there are large deviations in the dimensions of each single battery 332 in the z direction, if it is necessary to ensure that the lower cover plates of each single battery 332 are on the same horizontal plane, there will be a problem that the upper cover plates of each single battery 332 are uneven in height, resulting in gaps between the upper cover plates of some individual single batteries 332 and the top plate 341 of the housing. This may cause poor welding or even inability to weld between the top plate 341 of the housing and the upper cover plate of the single battery 332 during welding. To solve this problem, it can be considered to use the sealing connector 18 to seal the area of the avoidance hole 338.

[0176] Specifically, the sealing connector 18 may include a hollow member 181 (similar to a hollow tube), and the hollow member 181 is sleeved outside the polar terminal of the single battery 332. The bottom of the hollow member 181 is hermetically connected to the area around the polar terminal of the upper cover plate of the single battery 332, and the top of the hollow member 181 is hermetically connected to the area of the top plate 341 of the housing around the avoidance hole 338. Among them, riveting or welding methods can be used to achieve the hermetic connection (preferably the welding method to ensure the sealing performance of the connection part). The area of the top plate 341 of the housing around the avoidance hole 338 is the outer surface area of the top plate 341 of the housing around the avoidance hole 338; or it is the hole wall of the avoidance hole 338.

[0177] However, in actual processing and application, the following problems are found:

[0178] 1. When the bottom of the hollow member 181 is hermetically connected to the area around the polar terminal of the upper cover plate of the single battery 332 by welding, the upper cover plates of some single batteries 332 are extremely prone to damage, resulting in the scrapping of the single battery 332;

[0179] 2. Due to the existence of other structures, it may be impossible to weld in the area around the polar terminals of the upper cover plates of some single batteries 332;

[0180] 3. Even if there is no visible damage during the processing, in actual application, when thermal runaway occurs in individual cells 332 of the large-capacity battery 330 with the above-mentioned sealing connector 18, the thermal runaway smoke will leak from the connection area around the polarity terminal of the upper cover plate of the single cell 332. Therefore, if the above-mentioned multiple large-capacity batteries 330 are assembled as energy storage equipment, when thermal runaway occurs, the thermal runaway smoke may leak from the welding parts around the polarity terminal of the upper cover plate of the single cell 332 and diffuse, posing certain safety hazards. Based on this problem, the large-capacity battery 330 after thermal runaway was disassembled, and it was found that cracks appeared in the connection area around the polarity terminal of the upper cover plate of the single cell 332 that experienced thermal runaway (the connection area with the bottom of the sealing connector 18). After analysis, the reason for this phenomenon is that there is a certain weak area around the polarity terminal of the upper cover plate of the single cell 332. If the connection area falls into the weak area, it will cause the above-mentioned problem. The reason is that the welding process causes certain damage to the weak area, which makes the area unable to withstand the thermal runaway pressure. When thermal runaway occurs, cracks are generated, causing thermal runaway smoke to leak from the area.

[0181] Based on this, the present embodiment considers optimizing the structure of the sealing connector 18, mainly adjusting the size and shape of the bottom open end 1811 of the hollow component 181, so that the orthographic projection of the bottom open end 1811 of the hollow component 181 on the upper cover of the single cell 332 covers the weak area around the polarity terminal of the upper cover of the single cell 332; thereby ensuring that when welding the bottom of the hollow component 181 and the surrounding area of ​​the polarity terminal of the upper cover of the single cell 332, the weak area around the polarity terminal of the upper cover of the single cell 332 can be avoided, thereby avoiding damage to the weak area during the welding process.

[0182] It should be noted that:

[0183] 1. The size, position and shape of the weak area corresponding to the single battery 332 produced by different manufacturers are also different. Therefore, when processing the sealing connector 18, this embodiment first needs to determine the size, position and shape of the weak area of ​​the single battery 332, and adjust the size and shape of the bottom open end 1811 of the hollow component 181 according to the single battery 332 produced by different manufacturers.

[0184] 2. In this embodiment, areas that are easily damaged by welding, areas that cannot be welded, or areas where the pressure bearing capacity is reduced due to welding are all referred to as weak areas.

[0185] like Figure 17 , which is a schematic structural diagram of the sealing connector 18 of this embodiment. It can be seen from the figure that the sealing connector 18 of this embodiment includes a hollow component 181, which can also be called a hollow pipe.

[0186] Both ends of the hollow member 181 are open ends. For ease of description, one of the open ends is defined as the bottom open end 1811, and the other open end is defined as the top open end 1812.

[0187] The bottom of the hollow member 181 is used for sealing connection with the first region of the single cell 332. Here, the first region mentioned is the peripheral region of the weak area of the upper cover plate of the single cell 332; in order to seal - connect the bottom of the hollow member 181 with the first region of the single cell 332, the orthographic projection (orthographic projection area) of the bottom open end 1811 of the hollow member 181 on the upper cover plate of the single cell 332 covers the weak area around the polar terminal on the upper cover plate of the single cell 332. It should be noted that in this case, the orthographic projection (orthographic projection area) of the bottom open end 1811 of the hollow member 181 on the upper cover plate of the single cell 332 will necessarily cover the polar terminal on the upper cover plate of the single cell 332.

[0188] During welding, the hollow member 181 can be first positioned on the upper cover plate of the single cell 332, and the position of the hollow member 181 is adjusted so that the orthographic projection of the bottom open end 1811 of the hollow member 181 on the upper cover plate of the single cell 332 covers the weak area around the polar terminal on the upper cover plate of the single cell 332; then, the bottom of the hollow member 181 and the upper cover plate of the single cell 332 are welded. Since the two welded surfaces are perpendicular to each other, the reliability and tightness of the welded part may be relatively weak.

[0189] To solve this problem, as Figure 18 and Figure 19 shown, a bottom plate 182 can be fixed to the bottom open end 1811 of the hollow member 181, and a through - hole 1820 is opened on the bottom plate 182. The size of the through - hole 1820 needs to ensure that the polar terminal of the single cell 332 can pass through, and the bottom plate 182 is welded to the peripheral area of the weak area around the polar terminal on the upper cover plate of the single cell 332.

[0190] The size and shape of the through - hole 1820 can be determined according to the size and shape of the weak area of the single cell 332. It can be seen from the figure that in this embodiment, the through - hole 1820 is an oval - shaped through - hole, and the corresponding weak area of the single cell 332 is also an oval - shaped area; preferably, the orthographic projection of the through - hole 1820 on the upper cover plate of the single cell 332 covers the weak area around the polar terminal on the upper cover plate of the single cell 332; in this way, when the bottom plate 182 is welded to the upper cover plate of the single cell 332, the welded part will necessarily be located outside the weak area.

[0191] The bottom plate 182 can be fixed to the bottom open end 1811 of the hollow member 181 by welding, or the bottom plate 182 and the hollow member 181 can be processed into an integral part by an integral processing method. Compared with the split part, the integral part has a lower processing cost and higher structural stability.

[0192] In some other embodiments, such as Figure 20 shown, a second annular plate 183 can also be fixedly sleeved outside the bottom of the hollow member 181, and the second annular plate 183 is welded to the peripheral area of the weak area around the polarity terminal of the upper cover plate of the single cell 332. Since the orthographic projection of the open end 1811 at the bottom of the hollow member 181 on the upper cover plate of the single cell 332 covers the weak area around the polarity terminal on the upper cover plate of the single cell 332, and the second annular plate 183 is located outside the bottom of the hollow member 181, its inner diameter must be larger than the diameter of the open end 1811 at the bottom of the hollow member 181. In this way, when the second annular plate 183 is welded to the upper cover plate of the single cell 332, the welding part must be located in the peripheral area of the weak area. The second annular plate 183 can be fixed to the open end 1811 at the bottom of the hollow member 181 by welding, or the second annular plate 183 and the hollow member 181 can be processed into an integral part by integral processing. Compared with the split part, the integral part has a lower processing cost and higher structural stability.

[0193] The top of the hollow member 181 is used for sealing connection with the area of the outer shell top plate 341 around the avoidance hole 338; in this embodiment, the size and shape of the open end 1812 at the top of the hollow member 181 are mainly related to the shape of the avoidance hole 338. For example, in this embodiment, the avoidance hole 338 of the large-capacity battery 330 adapted by the hollow member 181 is a circular hole, so the open end 1812 at the top of the hollow member 181 is circular and the diameter is slightly smaller than the diameter of the avoidance hole 338. In this embodiment, the outer peripheral surface of the hollow member 181 is used for closely fitting with the hole wall of the avoidance hole 338, and the hollow member 181 and the avoidance hole 338 are welded and sealed by laser welding; the welding area of the hollow member 181 and the avoidance hole 338 is between the outer edge at the top of the hollow member 181 and the inner edge of the hole wall of the avoidance hole 338.

[0194] Such as Figure 21 shown, is a partial explosion schematic diagram of the large-capacity battery 330 in this embodiment. In order to clearly show the connection positions of the sealing connector 18 with the upper cover plate of the single cell 332 and the area of the outer shell top plate 341 around the avoidance hole 338, in Figure 21 three states are shown. At position a, the bottom plate 182 of the sealing connector 18 is welded and sealed with the peripheral area of the weak area of the upper cover plate; at position b, the pole 336 of the single cell 332 is located in the avoidance hole 338, and the welding of the sealing connector 18 has not been completed; at position c, the single cell 332 is not installed at the corresponding part of the avoidance hole 338, and the structure of the avoidance hole 338 can be clearly shown.

[0195] In some other embodiments, such as Figure 22 shown (different from Figure 17, the through hole 1820 on the bottom plate 182 of the sealing connector 18 is a round hole), and a first annular plate 184 can also be fixedly sleeved outside the top of the hollow member 181, and the first annular plate 184 is welded and sealed to the second area of the housing 331; the second area is the outer surface area of the housing top plate 341 around the avoidance hole 338. The first annular plate 184 can be fixed to the open end 1812 at the top of the hollow member 181 by welding.

[0196] From Figure 21 It can also be seen that the polar terminal in this embodiment is an integral structure formed by the cooperation of the pole column 336 of the single cell 332 and the pole column adapter 337. The following mainly introduces the structure of the pole column adapter 337 in detail.

[0197] As Figure 10 and Figure 21 shown, the polar terminal in this embodiment is an integral structure formed by the cooperation of the pole column 336 of the single cell 332 and the pole column adapter 337; the structure of the pole column adapter 337 connected to the positive pole column or the negative pole column is the same. In this embodiment, the pole column adapter 337 connected to the positive pole column is taken as an example, and its structure is as Figure 23 and Figure 24 shown.

[0198] It can be seen from the figure that the pole column adapter 337 in this embodiment includes a pole column adapter main body 1221 and an electrical connection column 1222.

[0199] The pole column adapter main body 1221 is a rectangular block. In some other embodiments, the pole column adapter main body 1221 can also be a cylinder. It can be made of a metal material with good electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, such as silver, copper, aluminum, etc. However, considering the cost and the comprehensive effects of electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, aluminum is generally selected as the material of the pole column adapter main body 1221.

[0200] In this embodiment, the electrical connection column 1222 is a cylinder fixed to the bottom of the pole column adapter main body 1221, and the cross section of the cylinder is adapted to the cross section of the pole column 336 of the single cell 332; the electrical connection column 1222 is connected to the pole column 336 of the single cell 332.

[0201] In order to facilitate the connection between the electrical connection column 1222 and the pole column 336 of the single cell 332, a first hole 1226 is opened on the pole column adapter main body 1221 in this embodiment. The first hole 1226 can be a blind hole; the bottom of the blind hole is fusion-welded to the pole column 336 of the single cell 332 to achieve the connection between the two. In order to eliminate the welding stress, a third through hole 1227 penetrating the blind hole can be opened at the bottom of the blind hole. It can also be understood that the structure of the first hole 1226 is a stepped hole, the large hole of the stepped hole is close to the top surface of the pole column adapter main body 1221, and the small hole is close to the bottom surface of the pole column adapter main body 1221, as Figure 24 shown.

[0202] Considering that due to the different diversion cross-sections, the conductivity of the hollow conductor is weaker than that of the solid conductor. After connecting the pole post adapter 337 to the pole post 336 of the single cell 332, in this embodiment, a conductive post can be fixed in the first hole 1226 to improve the conductivity of the pole post adapter body 1221.

[0203] The first hole 1226 can be a round hole, a square hole or other irregular holes; in order to be adapted to the shape of the pole post 336, a round hole is preferably used in this embodiment. The shape of the conductive post is adapted to the first hole 1226 and is a cylinder, and its outer diameter can be slightly larger than the aperture of the first hole 1226, and it is connected to the first hole 1226 in an interference fit manner. In order to facilitate fixing it in the first hole 1226, a chamfer can be provided on the end face of the conductive post. The height of the conductive post can be the same as the depth of the first hole 1226, or slightly less than the depth of the first hole 1226. The height of the conductive post is not limited in this embodiment. The material of the conductive post is the same as that of the pole post adapter body 1221.

[0204] In this embodiment, after adding the electrical connection post 1222 to the pole post adapter body 1221, it is not necessary for the pole post 336 of the single cell 332 to extend out of the corresponding avoidance hole 338. Instead, the electrical connection post 1222 of the pole post adapter 337 extends into the avoidance hole 338 to be connected to the pole post 336 of the single cell 332 located in the inner cavity of the cylinder body 1131. Therefore, during the assembly process, it is not necessary to add a support member between the bottom of the single cell 332 and the cylinder body bottom plate, simplifying the preparation process of such large-capacity batteries 330.

[0205] Such as Figure 23 and Figure 24 As shown, in this embodiment, a clamping portion for installing the heat transfer tube 342 is provided on the pole post adapter body 1221. After constructing a large-capacity battery 330 by using the single cell 332 with such a pole post adapter 337, the heat transfer tube 342 is installed in the clamping portion of the pole post adapter 337, and the heat concentrated on the pole post 336 can be transferred from the pole post adapter 337 to the heat transfer tube 342 and then the heat is taken out. Similarly, when the ambient temperature is too low and the single cell 332 may not be able to start normally, the external temperature control device can also heat up each single cell 332 through the heat transfer tube 342.

[0206] The clamping part can be a through hole or a through groove 123 formed in the main body 1221 of the pole post adapter. The through hole or the through groove 123 both extend along the x direction and penetrate through both ends of the main body 1221 of the pole post adapter. The size of the through hole or the through groove 123 needs to ensure that the heat transfer tube 342 is tightly clamped therein, so as to ensure the installation stability and at the same time ensure the heat transfer effect between the heat transfer tube 342 and the pole post adapter 337. Compared with the through hole, if the number of single cells 332 in a group is large, the heat transfer tube 342 is more easily fixed in the through groove 123. And when the heat transfer tube 342 is made of a metal material such as a copper tube or a heat pipe, it is easier to ensure that the heat transfer tube 342 is in close contact with the groove wall of the through groove 123 compared with the through hole (that is, the copper tube or the heat pipe can be deformed by external tooling pressing from the opening of the through groove 123); the cross section of the through groove 123 can be designed as a U shape or a C shape.

[0207] When the through groove 123 communicates with the first hole 1226, the conductive column in the first hole 1226 also has the function of improving the heat conduction effect, so that the pole post 336 and the heat transfer tube 342 can better achieve heat exchange.

[0208] The utility model can also lay an insulating sealant on the top plate 341 of the housing to prevent the condensation generated by the heat transfer tube 342 from penetrating into the battery interior and causing a short - circuit problem. Therefore, it is considered to pour the insulating sealant on the entire pole post adapter 337 of the large - capacity battery 330.

[0209] The following two problems need to be considered with emphasis:

[0210] 1. The electrical connection problem of the pole post adapter 337;

[0211] 2. The problem of glue overflow on the top surface of the pole post adapter 337 during the glue - pouring process:

[0212] Regarding problem 1, it can be overcome by the following method:

[0213] By optimizing the structure of the above - mentioned pole post adapter 337, an electrical connection part 1223 is added on the pole post adapter 337, and it is ensured that no glue is poured on the electrical connection part 1223 for connecting with the electrical connector; the electrical connector mentioned here is a connecting device for realizing the series connection of two large - capacity batteries 330; it can also be a connecting device for connecting the large - capacity battery 330 with an external load.

[0214] Regarding problem 2, it can be overcome by the following method:

[0215] A glue - blocking structure is added on the pole post adapter 337; the glue - blocking structure can be a part of the electrical connection part 1223.

[0216] Such as Figure 23 and Figure 24As shown, it can be seen that the terminal adapter 337 of this embodiment further includes an electrical connection portion 1223, which is used to connect with an external electrical connector while preventing the insulating sealant from overflowing from the top surface of the terminal adapter 337.

[0217] In this embodiment, the electrical connection portion 1223 and the terminal adapter body 1221 are of an integral structure. In the x direction, the dimensions of the electrical connection portion 1223 and the terminal adapter body 1221 are equal. The electrical connection portion 1223 is an inverted L-shaped plate. The vertical plate 1225 of the inverted L-shaped plate is parallel to the xz plane and is fixed on the edge of the top surface of the terminal adapter 337 extending in the x direction, which can prevent the insulating sealant liquid from overflowing from the edge of the top surface of the terminal adapter 337 extending in the x direction. The horizontal plate 1224 is parallel to the xy plane and is used to connect with an external electrical connector. In some cases, the horizontal plate 1224 can also directly serve as an electrical connector.

[0218] From Figure 25 it can be seen that the heat transfer tube 342 of this embodiment is integrally U-shaped and is a split part, including a first tube 161, a second tube 162, and a connecting tube 163; the first tube 161 is fixed in the heat transfer tube 342 clamping portion of the positive terminal of each single battery 332; the second tube 162 is fixed in the heat transfer tube 342 clamping portion of the negative terminal of each single battery 332; both ends of the connecting tube 163 are connected to the ports on the same side of the first tube 161 and the second tube 162 respectively.

[0219] In this embodiment, the heat transfer tube 342 is of a split structure. Compared with the integrally formed heat transfer tube 342, it is easier to process. And since the heat transfer tube 342 needs to be connected to the positive and negative terminals of the single battery 332, using the split heat transfer tube 342 is easier to ensure the insulation performance of the heat transfer tube 342 compared with the integral heat transfer tube 342.

[0220] Specifically, the heat transfer tube 342 can adopt the following several ways:

[0221] First, both the first tube 161 and the second tube 162 in the heat transfer tube 342 are flexible insulating tubes. The connecting tube 163 can be a metal tube or a flexible tube, and is connected by a quick-connect joint; the heat transfer medium in this heat transfer tube 342 is water or a fluorinated liquid.

[0222] Second, both the first tube 161 and the second tube 162 in the heat transfer tube 342 are aluminum tubes. The connecting tube 163 can be a metal tube or a flexible tube, and the first tube 161, the second tube 162, and the connecting tube 163 are connected by an insulating quick-connect joint; the heat transfer medium in this heat transfer tube 342 is a fluorinated liquid.

[0223] Thirdly, in the heat transfer tube 342, the first tube 161 and the second tube 162 are aluminum tubes, an insulating layer is provided on the tube wall of the aluminum tubes, the connecting tube 163 is a flexible insulating tube, and the flexible insulating tube is connected to the first tube 161 and the second tube 162 by means of quick connectors; the heat transfer medium in the heat transfer tube 342 is water or a fluorinated liquid.

[0224] Fourthly, in the heat transfer tube 342, the first tube 161 and the second tube 162 are aluminum tubes, an insulating layer is provided on the tube wall of the aluminum tubes, the connecting tube 163 is a flexible insulating tube, and the flexible insulating tube is connected to the first tube 161 and the second tube 162 by means of a clamp; the heat transfer medium in the heat transfer tube 342 is water or a fluorinated liquid;

[0225] Fifthly, in the heat transfer tube 342, the first tube 161 and the second tube 162 are aluminum tubes, an oxide layer is provided on the tube wall of the aluminum tubes and an insulating sleeve is sleeved thereon, the connecting tube 163 is a flexible insulating tube, and the flexible insulating tube is connected to the first tube 161 and the second tube 162 by means of a clamp. The heat transfer medium in the heat transfer tube 342 is water or a fluorinated liquid.

[0226] It should be noted that: to ensure the heat conduction effect, the thinner the wall thickness of the aluminum tube, the better. However, if the wall thickness of the aluminum tube is too thin, the aluminum tube is relatively soft and is prone to bending and breakage during installation. Therefore, in this embodiment, the wall thickness of the aluminum tube is preferably 0.5 mm to 1 mm. The aluminum tube with this wall thickness can maintain its installation reliability while having good heat conduction performance, avoiding the risk of easy bending and damage when the wall thickness of the aluminum tube is relatively thin. During specific use, the diameter of the aluminum tube is generally about 10 mm to 20 mm.

[0227] In the heat transfer tube 342 of this embodiment, the insulating layer or the oxide layer is formed on the tube wall of the aluminum tube and is an integral structure with the aluminum tube. The following several ways can be specifically adopted to achieve it:

[0228] First, a ceramic coating, namely a high-temperature electrical insulating coating, is formed on the tube wall of the aluminum tube to form an insulating layer. The ceramic coating can specifically be a boron nitride or alumina, copper fluoride coating; however, the insulating layer formed by this method is prone to peeling off and has a relatively high processing cost;

[0229] Second, an insulating material (such as insulating paint, etc.) is coated on the surface of the tube wall of the aluminum tube to form an insulating layer; this method is convenient for processing and implementation and has a relatively low processing cost;

[0230] Third, the aluminum tube is subjected to an oxidation treatment to form an insulating layer; the oxidation treatment is to utilize the chemical reaction between the metal surface and oxygen to form an oxide film to improve the insulating performance of the metal surface. For example, an electrochemical oxidation method, etc. Specifically, the aluminum tube is subjected to an oxidation treatment to form a hard oxidation layer. The insulating layer formed by this method is not prone to peeling off and has relatively better insulating performance.

[0231] The thicker the hard anodized layer formed by the oxidation treatment, the better the insulation performance. However, its thermal conductivity will decrease. In this embodiment, the thickness of the above-mentioned hard anodized layer is preferably 20um to 50um. The hard anodized layer of this thickness ensures the insulation performance while also enabling the tube wall of the aluminum tube to have better thermal conductivity.

[0232] The above-mentioned insulating sleeve can specifically be made of an insulating material with good thermal conductivity, so that it has excellent thermal conductivity while also having good insulation performance. In this embodiment, the insulating sleeve is a heat-conducting plastic sleeve or a heat-conducting rubber sleeve with both good insulation performance and heat-conducting performance. For example, a heat-conducting silica gel sleeve, etc. At the same time, the thickness of the insulating sleeve is preferably 0.1mm to 1mm. This thickness can ensure good insulation performance while also ensuring good thermal conductivity. The cross-sectional shape of the insulating sleeve can be circular, U-shaped, or C-shaped, as long as it can be sleeved on the aluminum tube with an insulating layer to achieve insulation at the contact between the aluminum tube and the polar terminal of the single battery 332. At the same time, the cross-sectional shape of the above-mentioned insulating sleeve is preferably the same as the cross-sectional shape of the aluminum tube, so that the insulating sleeve can be tightly nested on the aluminum tube to improve the thermal conductivity of the aluminum tube.

[0233] In some other embodiments, an oxide layer can be directly provided on the tube wall of the aluminum tube or an insulating sleeve can be sleeved, and the structure is relatively simple.

[0234] The large-capacity battery 330 of this embodiment can also include a pressure plate 19.

[0235] As Figure 26 and Figure 28 shown, through the cooperation of the pressure plate 19 and the pole post adapter 337, not only can the parallel connection between the single batteries 332 be achieved, but also the heat transfer tube 342 can be reliably pressed in the through groove 123 of the pole post adapter 337.

[0236] As Figure 28 shown, the pressure plate 19 specifically includes a pressing part 191 and a fixing part 192; the bottom of the pressing part 191 is an arc surface, which is used to cooperate with the through groove 123 on the pole post adapter 337 to press the heat transfer tube 342 in the through groove 123; the fixing part 192 is arranged on both sides of the pressing part 191 to fix the pressure plate 19 on the top of the pole post adapter 337.

[0237] As Figure 28As shown in the figure, the pressing part 191 in this embodiment is an arc-shaped plate with equal wall thickness, and the fixing part 192 is a flat plate. The arc-shaped plate and the flat plates on both sides are of an integral structure. This kind of structure is easy to manufacture and process, and is also convenient for installation. When specifically manufacturing, the pressing plate 19 can be formed by stamping a thin plate or can be integrally formed by extrusion. In addition, the thickness of the pressing plate 19 is generally 0.5 mm to 1 mm, which can ensure the installation strength and can also reliably install the heat transfer tube 342.

[0238] The fixing part 192 in this embodiment is provided with screw holes 1921 connected to the pole post adapter 337, so that the pressing plate 19 is connected to the polar terminal by screws. The screw connection method is easier and has a simpler structure compared with other connection methods such as welding, riveting or bonding. More preferably, the screw holes 1921 in this embodiment can be set as long strips. In addition, notches 1922 extending in the y direction can be opened in the area of the fixing part 192 corresponding to each pole post adapter 337, which can make up for the dimensional errors when multiple single cells 332 are connected in parallel and ensure the reliability of the connection.

[0239] The insulating and sealing adhesive layer of the large-capacity battery 330 in this embodiment includes a first sub-insulating and sealing adhesive layer and a second sub-insulating and sealing adhesive layer; the first sub-insulating and sealing adhesive layer is an insulating and sealing adhesive layer with a heat resistance higher than the temperature of the thermal runaway flue gas, and is arranged in the gap between the polar terminal of the single cell 332 and the avoidance hole 338; the heat resistance of the second sub-insulating and sealing adhesive layer is lower than that of the first sub-insulating and sealing adhesive layer, and the second sub-insulating and sealing adhesive layer is laid on the outer shell top plate 341 and covers the pole post adapter main body 1221 and the heat transfer tube 342.

[0240] In the gap between the polar terminal of the single cell 332 and the avoidance hole 338 (i.e., the gap between the polar terminal of the single cell 332 and the sealing connection member 18, i.e., Figure 10 the d area shown in the figure), the first sub-insulating and sealing adhesive layer is injected. After curing, the first sub-insulating and sealing adhesive layer is formed, and the first sub-insulating and sealing adhesive layer is an insulating and sealing adhesive with a heat resistance higher than the temperature of the thermal runaway flue gas. Usually, its heat resistance needs to be higher than 320 °C and can exist stably continuously. Generally, an electronic device potting adhesive with a heat resistance higher than 320 °C can be selected, such as an epoxy potting adhesive with a heat resistance higher than 320 °C.

[0241] When the polar terminal of the single cell 332 is the pole column 336 of the single cell 332, or when the polar terminal of the single cell 332 is the overall structure formed by the cooperation of the pole column 336 of the single cell 332 and the pole column adapter 337, the first sub-insulating sealant layer is located in the gap between the pole column 336 of the single cell 332 and the relief hole 338. The first sub-insulating sealant layer is in direct contact with the pole column 336 of the single cell 332. First of all, it can play a role in protecting and fixing the pole column 336 of the single cell 332. Under the protection and fixation of this first sub-insulating sealant layer, when thermal runaway occurs, the pole column 336 of the single cell 332 is not likely to fall off or crack with the upper cover of the single cell 332. Therefore, it can prevent the leakage of thermal runaway flue gas from the gap between the polar terminal of the single cell 332 and the relief hole 338. Secondly, the first sub-insulating sealant layer can also play a role in sealing the gap between the polar terminal of the single cell 332 and the relief hole 338, further improving the sealing performance of the relief hole 338 part of the housing 331.

[0242] During the long-term use process, due to the temperature difference inside and outside the heat transfer tube 342, condensation will occur on the surface. When the condensation accumulates to a certain amount, it will penetrate into the gap between the polar terminal and the relief hole 338, resulting in electrical conduction between the polar terminal and the housing 331, and then it may lead to the short circuit of the same single cell 332.

[0243] Since in this embodiment, the first sub-insulating sealant is poured at the gap between the polar terminal and the relief hole 338, even if condensation occurs, under the blockage of the first sub-insulating sealant layer, the condensation cannot penetrate into the gap between the pole column 336 and the relief hole 338, and thus the occurrence of battery short circuit can be prevented.

[0244] However, only pouring the first sub-insulating sealant at this part, the heat transfer tube 342 is exposed to the external environment, and condensation will still occur on its surface, causing the large-capacity battery 330 to be affected by moisture and triggering certain safety problems. Therefore, to completely solve this problem, in this embodiment, a second sub-insulating sealant layer is also laid on the top plate 341 of the housing; the main body of the heat transfer tube 342 is completely covered, making such large-capacity batteries 330 have higher safety.

[0245] It should be noted that the electrical connection part 1223 position (the transverse plate 1224 of the electrical connection part 1223 in this embodiment) of the polar terminal of each single cell 332 needs to extend out of the second sub-insulating sealant layer for connection with the electrical connector; the liquid inlet end and the liquid outlet end of the heat transfer tube 342 need to extend out of the second sub-insulating sealant layer for connection with the liquid cooling device. The electrical connector can be a connecting device for realizing the series connection of two large-capacity batteries 330; it can also be a connecting device for connecting the large-capacity battery 330 with an external load.

[0246] In addition, the second sub-insulating sealant layer can also play the following two roles:

[0247] 1. Since the second sub-insulating sealant layer completely wraps the main body of the heat transfer tube 342, to a certain extent, it can also play a role in fixing or positioning the heat transfer tube 342, improving the stability of the heat transfer tube 342 on the large-capacity battery 330;

[0248] 2. Since the second sub-insulating sealant layer is laid on the top plate 341 of the outer shell and covers the main body of the heat transfer tube 342, it can improve the flatness of the top structure of such large-capacity batteries 330.

[0249] In this embodiment, the second sub-insulating sealant is generally the battery potting adhesive commonly used in batteries. For example, silicone thermal conductive potting adhesive can be used, as long as it has good functions such as sealing, insulation, vibration resistance, heat dissipation, and waterproofing.

[0250] In other embodiments, the second sub-insulating sealant can be the same as the first sub-insulating sealant, and the first sub-insulating sealant layer can be formed in the gap between the polar terminal of the single battery 332 and the avoidance hole 338 and on the top plate 341 of the outer shell by a one-time injection method. However, compared with this embodiment, the consumption of the first sub-insulating sealant is larger. Usually, the cost of the first sub-insulating sealant is higher than that of the second sub-insulating sealant. Therefore, the cost of such large-capacity batteries 330 is higher than the cost of the large-capacity batteries 330 in this embodiment.

[0251] An insulating protective cover 17 can also be provided on the top of the large-capacity battery 330. In this embodiment, part of the structure of the insulating protective cover 17 is used as an injection mold. After injection, there is no need to demold, and at the same time, the bonding strength between the insulating protective cover 17 and the top of the large-capacity battery 330 can be improved. In addition, if the pole adapter 337 is directly exposed to the external environment, there are relatively large safety hazards during use due to the electrification of the pole adapter 337. Therefore, setting the insulating protective cover 17 on the top of the large-capacity battery 330 can also provide insulation protection for the pole adapter 337, avoiding potential safety hazards that may occur when the pole adapter 337 is exposed during the operation of the large-capacity battery 330, and also avoiding the problem of short circuit of the large-capacity battery 330 caused by some foreign objects in the external environment falling into the position of the pole adapter 337, improving the safety of the large-capacity battery 330.

[0252] To facilitate injection, such as Figure 29 and Figure 30As shown, in this embodiment, the insulating protective cover 17 is designed as a split structure, which includes an insulating frame body 101 and an insulating cover plate 102 covering the insulating frame body 101. The lower end of the insulating frame body 101 is used to cooperate with the top of the large-capacity battery 330 and is fixed to the top of the large-capacity battery 330 by means of screw connection or bonding. The insulating cover plate 102 is snap-fitted and installed on the upper end of the insulating frame body 101. A notch 1922 is opened at the upper end of the side wall of the insulating frame body 101 parallel to the xz plane, and the notch 1922 cooperates with the insulating cover plate 102 to form a slit 103. A channel 343 for the heat transfer tube 342 to extend out is provided on the side wall of the insulating frame body 101 parallel to the yz plane.

[0253] In this embodiment, a part of the structure of the above-mentioned insulating frame body 101 is used as a glue injection mold to prevent the insulating sealant liquid from overflowing the outer shell top plate 341.

[0254] During assembly, generally, the insulating frame body 101 can be fixed to the top of the large-capacity battery 330 first, and then glue is injected. Under the blockage of the insulating frame body 101, the insulating sealant liquid will not overflow from the outer shell top plate 341. After the glue layer is cured, the electrical connector is connected to the pole adapter 337. Then, the insulating cover plate 102 is fixed to the upper end of the insulating frame body 101.

[0255] As Figure 31 shown, in this embodiment, the insulating frame body 101 includes a second insulating frame 104 and an insulating bottom plate 105 fixed to the second insulating frame 104 away from the insulating cover plate 102. An avoidance hole 338 for the electrical connection column 1222 corresponding to each pole adapter 337 is opened on the insulating bottom plate 105. The size of the avoidance hole 338 for the electrical connection column 1222 should be such that the electrical connection column 1222 on the pole adapter 337 can pass through, and the part of the pole adapter body 1221 cannot pass through. In addition, the first sub-insulating sealant can be injected into the gap between the polarity terminal of the single battery 332 and the avoidance hole 338 through the avoidance hole 338 for the electrical connection column 1222.

[0256] For the rectangular block-shaped pole adapter 337, partitions 107 can also be provided around the avoidance holes 338 for the electrical connection columns 1222 to form accommodation cavities for each pole adapter 337. After the insulating frame body 101 is fixed to the top of the large-capacity battery 330, the electrical connection columns 1222 of each pole adapter 337 pass through the avoidance holes 338 for the electrical connection columns 1222 and the avoidance holes 338 on the outer shell top plate 341 to be connected to the poles 336 of each single battery 332. There is a fourth gap between the side wall of the accommodation cavity for the pole adapter 337 parallel to the xz plane and the side surface of the pole adapter 337 parallel to the xz plane. Figure 32In the area e shown in the figure, glue is injected into the glue injection space through the fourth gap. To further facilitate glue injection, a corresponding glue injection groove 109 can also be opened at the position of the pole post adapter 337 corresponding to the fourth gap.

[0257] It should be noted that when the outer shell top plate 341 is provided with a gas sharing chamber 334, as shown in Figure 31 a second chamber 110 can be provided on the insulating bottom plate 105 as a receiving chamber for the gas sharing chamber 334, that is, the gas sharing chamber 334 is located in the second chamber 110.

[0258] As shown in Figure 33 and Figure 34 the explosion vent pipe assembly 335 of the large-capacity battery 330 in this embodiment includes a first explosion vent member 310 and a second explosion vent member 320; among them, the first explosion vent member 310 includes a first hollow pipe fitting 3110, inside which there is an explosion vent film for connecting to the outer shell 331. In order to fix it at the first through hole 1148 of the outer shell 331, in this embodiment, an annular plate is provided on the outer wall of one end of the first hollow pipe fitting 3110, and the annular plate is hermetically connected to the periphery of the first through hole 1148 by friction welding; the second explosion vent member 320 is a tee pipe, its first interface 321 is hermetically connected to the first explosion vent member 310, and the second interface 322 and the third interface 323 are respectively used to connect to the flexible pipe section 4 that constitutes the explosion vent manifold 32 (see Figure 35 ). Among them, the first interface 321 is the joint of the vertical pipe of the tee pipe ( Figure 34 in the figure, the pipe section parallel to the x direction), and the second interface 322 and the third interface 323 are respectively the two end joints of the horizontal pipe of the tee pipe ( Figure 34 in the figure, the pipe section parallel to the y direction).

[0259] The first interface 321 and the first explosion vent member 310 can be connected by means of threaded connection, welding or interference fit. In this embodiment, a union tee pipe is selected, that is, a union nut is connected to one end of the vertical pipe of the tee pipe as a union joint; an external thread is provided on the outer wall of the end where the first explosion vent member 310 is connected to the second explosion vent member 320; the union joint of the second explosion vent member 320 is threadedly connected to the external thread on the outer wall of the first explosion vent member 310. The union joint can be conveniently directly connected to the first explosion vent member 310, and a sealing gasket is provided at the free end of the first explosion vent member 310 to ensure the sealing performance of the connection part.

[0260] During assembly, each tee pipe is fixed on the corresponding first explosion vent member 310 to form a large-capacity battery 330 with an explosion vent pipe assembly 335. After that, multiple large-capacity batteries 330 are arranged in a set direction. Finally, the adjacent two tee pipes are connected by using the flexible pipe section 4, as shown in Figure 35 and Figure 36 shown ( Figure 36Only the outermost two large-capacity batteries 330 are schematically shown.

[0261] In this embodiment, a spliced explosion relief busbar 32 is adopted, and the middle connecting pipe 163 section is a flexible pipe section 4. Based on the deformation of the flexible pipe section 4, the installation error of the explosion relief pipe assembly 335 and the spacing deviation of the large-capacity batteries 330 can be compensated, reducing the installation difficulty of the explosion relief busbar 32.

[0262] It should be noted that, in order to further improve safety, the explosion relief busbar 32 and the large-capacity batteries 330 should be insulated. For example, a flexible pipe section 4 and / or a tee made of insulating and high-temperature resistant (thermal runaway flue gas temperature) materials can be used, and an insulating pipe section can also be added between the first explosion relief pipe and the tee.

[0263] In this embodiment, a second hollow pipe fitting 3120 is added between the first explosion relief pipe and the tee, as Figure 37 shown. The second hollow pipe fitting 3120 is a high-temperature resistant insulating pipe, and at least part of its structure should be made of insulating materials, mainly playing an insulating role to insulate the explosion relief busbar 32 from each large-capacity battery 330. Based on the second hollow pipe fitting 3120, insulation between the explosion relief busbar 32 and the large-capacity batteries 330 can be achieved at the large-capacity battery 330 end.

[0264] It should be noted that at least part of its structure should be made of insulating materials, mainly including the following two structures:

[0265] 1. The overall structure of the second hollow pipe fitting 3120 is made of insulating materials.

[0266] 2. The main structure of the second hollow pipe fitting 3120 can be a metal pipe, and a film layer made of insulating materials is coated on its entire surface.

[0267] After thermal runaway occurs, the battery temperature rises sharply, reaching above 500 °C. If the selected insulating material cannot exist stably at this temperature, the following problems will occur:

[0268] a. When the overall structure of the second hollow pipe fitting 3120 is made of such insulating materials, the sealing performance of the connection parts between the second hollow pipe fitting 3120 and the first hollow pipe fitting 3110 and the tee cannot be guaranteed, resulting in the leakage of thermal runaway flue gas. More seriously, if the second hollow pipe fitting 3120 becomes molten due to high temperature, it will block the explosion relief port or the explosion relief busbar 32, triggering more serious safety accidents.

[0269] b. When the entire surface of the second hollow pipe fitting 3120 is coated with a film layer made of an insulating material, if the film layer melts or deforms, it will also cause the leakage of thermal runaway flue gas from the connection part between the second hollow pipe fitting 3120 and the first hollow pipe fitting 3110 and the tee pipe. At the same time, it will also damage the insulation performance of the second hollow pipe fitting 3120.

[0270] Based on the above problems, the insulating material selected in this embodiment should also have a certain high-temperature resistance to ensure that its performance does not change and it can exist stably when thermal runaway occurs.

[0271] Common high-temperature resistant insulating materials are ceramic materials. In this embodiment, a ceramic pipe fitting is directly selected as the second hollow pipe fitting 3120, and the cost and processing are relatively simple. For example, ceramic materials such as cubic boron nitride, hexagonal boron nitride, alumina, and silicon carbide can be selected.

[0272] In other embodiments, a high-temperature resistant insulating coating can also be sprayed on the surface of the metal pipe fitting to form the second hollow pipe fitting 3120. The high-temperature resistant insulating coating can be an inorganic binder coating based on phosphate, a plasma-sprayed Al2O3 coating, etc. However, compared with this embodiment, the cost and processing are relatively complex.

[0273] The structure of the large-capacity battery module 33 bracket module 339 in this embodiment is as Figure 38 shown. It can be seen from the figure that in this embodiment, two mutually parallel support ribs 2110 are used as the support members 21; an L-shaped plate is used as the L-shaped bracket 220.

[0274] In some other embodiments, the number of support ribs 2110 can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0275] The first plates (the plates parallel to the yz plane) of the two L-shaped plates serve as the first brackets 221 and are respectively connected to the ends on the same side of the two support ribs 2110. The second plates (the plates parallel to the xy plane) of the two L-shaped plates serve as the second brackets 222 and are respectively used for fixing to the frames opposite to the battery cluster support frames. The first plate and the second plate can be an integral part or a split part.

[0276] To cooperate with the bracket module 339, in this embodiment, a channel 343 is opened along the x direction inside the boss 1132 of the cylinder module 113 (see Figure 12 ).

[0277] Insert the support rib 2110 with a length greater than the outer shell 331 and a cross-section adapted to the cross-section of the channel 343 into the channel 343, and ensure that both ends of the support rib 2110 extend out of both ends of the channel 343 (for reference, see Figure 8 ).

[0278] The support rib 2110 can be a solid structure or a hollow structure. Its cross-section is preferably adapted to the channel 343, such as a rectangular cross-section, a trapezoidal cross-section, or other polygonal cross-sections, which will not be listed one by one here.

[0279] As Figure 39 shown, in this embodiment, the support rib 2110 with a relatively simple rectangular cross-section is selected. Then, the cross-section of the corresponding channel 343 is also preferably rectangular. Using the rectangular cross-section support rib 2110 to support the large-capacity battery 330 has better support stability. In addition, as can be seen from Figure 39 it, the support rib 2110 in this embodiment is a hollow structure to facilitate connection with the L-shaped plate.

[0280] To ensure the support strength of the support rib 2110, this embodiment selects a metal material as the material of the support rib 2110, and at the same time, a thermoplastic tube can be sleeved on the support rib 2110 to insulate the support rib 2110 and the large-capacity battery 330.

[0281] In some other embodiments, an insulating material can be directly selected to prepare the support rib 2110, but compared with this embodiment, its support strength is difficult to guarantee.

[0282] Since in the assembly process of this embodiment, the support rib 2110 needs to be inserted into the channel 343 first, and then the L-shaped plates are fixed at both ends of the support rib 2110 extending out of the channel 343. Therefore, in this embodiment, the support rib 2110 and the L-shaped plate are separate parts.

[0283] Combined with Figure 40 it can be seen that in this embodiment, a connecting rod 224 extending in the x direction is provided on the first plate (the first bracket 221) of the L-shaped plate for connecting with the support rib 2110. Corresponding positioning holes 226 are opened on the support rib 2110 and the connecting rod 224.

[0284] During specific assembly, the support rib 2110 is inserted into the channel 343, and then the connecting rod 224 is inserted into the support rib 2110, and the two are fixed by inserting screws or pins through the positioning holes 226.

[0285] In some other embodiments, the connecting rod 224 can be connected to the support rib 2110 by welding. However, in order to improve the energy density, there is a small distance between the first plate and the large-capacity battery 330, resulting in a small operating space and great welding difficulty.

[0286] In some other embodiments, the support rib 2110 and the L-shaped plate can be an integral part, and the large-capacity battery 330 can be directly placed on the support rib 2110 for support. Correspondingly, in order to improve the support stability, the number of support ribs 2110 can be increased.

[0287] FromFigure 40 It can also be seen that in this embodiment, a hollowed-out portion is provided on the first plate, and the portions on both sides of the hollowed-out portion are respectively connected to the two support ribs 2110. By providing the hollowed-out portion, on the one hand, the weight of the L-shaped plate is reduced, thereby reducing its impact on the normal use of the battery cluster support frame. On the other hand, the hollowed-out portion can allow some functional structures on the large-capacity battery 330 to protrude. For example, it can allow the explosion vent tube assembly 335 on the large-capacity battery 330 to protrude.

[0288] In this embodiment, a long hole is opened on the second plate (the second bracket 222) of the L-shaped plate; the battery cluster support frame is fixed by inserting screws into the long hole. The setting of the long hole can compensate for the dimensional error of the large-capacity battery assembly 33 in the x direction, ensuring the reliability of the connection.

[0289] In some other embodiments, as Figure 41 shown, the L-shaped bracket 220 is two L-shaped support rods 223; that is, two L-shaped support rods 223 form an L-shaped bracket 220;

[0290] The first brackets 221 of the two L-shaped support rods 223 are respectively fixed to the two ends of the same support rib 2110 in a detachable manner, and the first brackets 221 of the other two L-shaped support rods 223 are respectively fixed to the two ends of another support rib 2110 in a detachable manner.

[0291] In some other embodiments, as Figure 42 and Figure 43 shown, the support member 21 is a support plate 212 adapted to the shape of the bottom of the large-capacity battery 330 to support the large-capacity battery 330. In order to reduce the weight of the support plate 212, weight-reducing holes can be opened on the support plate 212. However, it should be noted that the opening of the weight-reducing holes is based on the premise of not affecting the support strength. There are two L-shaped brackets 220, both of which are L-shaped plates; the first bracket 221 of one L-shaped plate is connected to one end of the support plate 212, and the first bracket 221 of the other L-shaped plate is connected to the other end of the support plate 212. Different from the structure of the large-capacity battery 330 in this embodiment, there is no need to open a channel 343 on the boss 1132 of the cylinder assembly 113.

[0292] As Figure 44 shown, it is a schematic structural diagram of the battery pack assembly 3 of this embodiment. The explosion vent tube assemblies 335 of the 13 large-capacity batteries 330 are all connected to the explosion vent manifold 32; the explosion vent manifold 32 is embedded in the inner space between the upper flange and the lower flange of the first beam 312.

[0293] This embodiment can achieve the assembly of the battery pack assembly through the following process:

[0294] First, fix the corresponding large-capacity battery 330 bracket assemblies 339 on each large-capacity battery 330, and connect the explosion vent pipe assemblies 335 of all large-capacity batteries 330 using the explosion vent manifold 32.

[0295] Second, as Figure 50 shown, preliminarily fix the first beam 312 with connection posts 313 at both ends to the L-shaped brackets 220 of all large-capacity battery 330 bracket assemblies 339 (the left L-shaped bracket 220 in the figure, i.e., the L-shaped bracket 220 close to the first beam 312) (fixing can be done using screws), and ensure that the explosion vent manifold 32 is embedded in the inner space between the upper and lower flanges of the first beam 312.

[0296] Third, move the U-shaped frame 311 along the Figure 45 direction indicated by the arrow c in

[0297] until the connection post 313 is inserted into the third beam 3112, and the L-shaped brackets 220 of all large-capacity battery 330 bracket assemblies 339 (the right L-shaped bracket 220 in the figure, i.e., the L-shaped bracket 220 close to the second beam 3111) are located on the upper flange of the second beam 3111, indicating that the movement is in place;

[0298] Fourth, fix the connection post 313 and the third beam 3112 using screws, fix the right L-shaped bracket 220 to the second beam 3111 using screws, and further fix the left L-shaped bracket 220 to the first beam 312 using screws.

[0298] Embodiment 2

[0299] This embodiment is the energy storage box 1, and the specific structure can be referred to Figures 46 to 50 ;

[0300] Combined with Figure 1 、 Figure 46 and Figure 47 , it can be seen that the energy storage box 1 of this embodiment is a rectangular box, and hatch doors are provided on the four side walls of the rectangular box to facilitate the assembly or maintenance of the battery pack assembly 3 and the fire safety system 2.

[0301] The energy storage box 1 of this embodiment includes two functional compartments, which can be defined as the equipment compartment 11 and the battery compartment 12 respectively. A support frame 13 is provided in the battery compartment 12; some devices of the fire safety system 2 are placed in the equipment compartment 11, and the battery pack assembly 3 is placed on the support frame 13 in the battery compartment 12.

[0302] As Figure 48 shown, this is the structural schematic diagram of the support frame 13 of this embodiment; it is mainly composed of three parallel installation brackets. For the convenience of description, the three installation brackets can be defined as side installation brackets 131 and middle installation brackets 132 according to their mutual positions, and the structures of the two side installation brackets 131 are the same. Figure 49 andFigure 50 are respectively the structural schematic diagrams of the side mounting bracket 131 and the middle mounting bracket 132 of this embodiment. Combining Figure 48 , it can be seen that both side mounting brackets 131 of this embodiment include three first support beams 133 and eight second support beams 134; each first support beam 133 extends along the z direction, and the three first support beams 133 are arranged at equal intervals along the y direction; each second support beam 134 extends along the y direction, and the eight second support beams 134 are arranged at equal intervals along the z direction and are fixed on the first support beam 133. The middle mounting bracket 132 of this embodiment includes three first support beams 133 and sixteen second support beams 134; each first support beam 133 extends along the z direction, and the three first support beams 133 are arranged at equal intervals along the y direction; each second support beam 134 extends along the y direction, and the sixteen second support beams 134 are evenly divided into two groups, with eight second support beams 134 in each group arranged at equal intervals along the z direction and fixed on the opposite side walls of the first support beam 133. Between the two second support beams 134 of the two mounting brackets located in the same xy plane, two battery pack assembly 3 mounting positions arranged along the y direction are formed.

[0303] Among them, the length of the first support beam 133 (i.e., in Figure 48 , the dimension of the first support beam 133 along the z direction) is related to the height of each battery pack assembly 3 (i.e., in the figure, the dimension of each battery pack assembly 3 along the z direction) and the number of stacked layers; the length of the second support beam 134 (i.e., in Figure 48 , the dimension of the second support beam 134 along the y direction) is related to the width of each battery pack assembly 3 (i.e., in Figure 48 , the dimension of each battery pack assembly 3 along the y direction) and the number of battery pack assemblies 3 in each layer (i.e., the battery pack assembly 3 mounting position).

[0304] The number of first support beams 133 is related to the number of battery pack assemblies 3 placed in each layer between the two mounting brackets. In each layer, two adjacent first support beams 133 correspond to one battery pack assembly 3; the number of second support beams 134 is equal to the number of stacked layers of battery pack assemblies 3. In other embodiments, the number of first support beams 133 and the number of second support beams 134 can be adjusted according to actual needs. For example, by increasing the number of first support beams 133 and simultaneously increasing the length of the second support beams 134, the number of battery pack assemblies 3 placed in each layer can be increased, and by increasing the number of second support beams 134 and simultaneously increasing the length of the first support beams 133, the number of stacked layers of battery pack assemblies 3 can be increased.

[0305] From Figure 49 and Figure 50As can be seen, in this embodiment, the first support beam 133 is a square steel, and the second support beam 134 is an angle steel. The vertical plate of the angle steel is fixed on the first support beam 133, and the horizontal plate of the angle steel is used to support the battery pack assembly 3. The vertical plate of the angle steel can be fixed to the square steel by welding. In addition, in order to improve the bonding strength between the two, a support rib plate 135 can be fixed between the horizontal plate of the angle steel and the first support beam 133 in this embodiment.

[0306] Embodiment 3

[0307] This embodiment is a semi-finished product of an energy storage device, that is, a product in which the battery pack assembly 3 in Embodiment 1 is fixed in the energy storage box body 1 in Embodiment 2, and its structure is as Figure 51 shown.

[0308] In this embodiment, two battery pack assemblies 3 are fixed on two second support beams 134 where the pairwise mounting brackets are located in the same xy plane, and the two battery pack assemblies 3 are arranged along the y direction, as Figure 51 shown, Figure 51 One battery pack assembly 3 is schematically shown on two second support beams 134 where the pairwise mounting brackets are located in the same xy plane.

[0309] According to the arrangement method of this embodiment, 4 battery pack assemblies 3 can be arranged in each layer, and a total of 8 layers can be arranged. Therefore, the energy storage device in this embodiment can include a total of 32 battery pack assemblies 3. Every 8 battery pack assemblies 3 stacked along the z direction can be defined as a battery cluster, and 4 groups of battery clusters can be arranged in the energy storage box body 1 in this embodiment.

[0310] In this embodiment, the rollers 314 of the battery pack support frame 31 are placed on the second support beam 134, and the battery pack assembly 3 is pushed and transported into the installation position of the battery pack assembly 3 by a sliding installation method, and positioning is achieved through a limiting device provided on the mounting bracket.

[0311] As Figure 51 shown, in this embodiment, in the z direction, two adjacent battery pack assemblies 3 can be defined as a battery pack assembly unit 5; as Figure 52 and 53 shown, in each battery pack assembly unit 5, the battery pack support frames 31 of the two battery pack assemblies 3 are plugged together through a vertical support assembly 6, and the polarities of the two battery pack assemblies 3 on the same side are opposite.

[0312] In this embodiment, as Figure 53As shown in the figure, the vertical support assembly 6 includes a plurality of first docking pipes 61 vertically fixed to the bottom surface of the upper battery pack support frame 31, and a plurality of second docking pipes 62 vertically fixed to the top surface of the lower battery pack support frame 31; the plurality of first docking pipes 61 and the plurality of second docking pipes 62 correspond one by one and are inserted into each other; the inner diameter of the first docking pipe 61 can be greater than the outer diameter of the second docking pipe 62, or the outer diameter of the first docking pipe 61 is less than the inner diameter of the second docking pipe 62, and the gap after the first docking pipe 61 and the second docking pipe 62 are inserted can also correct the installation error when the upper and lower battery pack assemblies are connected in series through the electrical connection row.

[0313] When using this battery pack assembly unit, the upper and lower battery pack assemblies in the battery pack assembly unit can be electrically connected on one side through the electrical connection row 7 first, and then the whole can be installed in the energy storage box, which can save the operation space on one side for connecting the battery pack assemblies in the box, and then can improve the energy density of the energy storage device. The connection strength and stability of the overall battery pack support frame can also be increased by inserting the first docking pipe and the second docking pipe.

[0314] See Figure 54 , the semi-finished energy storage device of this embodiment includes 4 such battery pack assembly units 5 in each battery cluster; the 4 battery pack assembly units 5 are arranged from top to bottom; the two battery pack assemblies 3 of the same battery pack assembly unit 5 are electrically connected on the first side through the electrical connection row 7 (in Figure 54 , the 1st and 2nd battery pack assemblies 3 (the 1st and 2nd battery pack assemblies 3 are Figure 54 the two lowest battery pack assemblies in Figure 54 ), the 3rd and 4th battery pack assemblies 3, the 5th and 6th battery pack assemblies 3, and the 7th and 8th battery pack assemblies 3 are electrically connected by aluminum bars on the left side shown in Figure 54 (the 7th and 8th battery pack assemblies 3 are Figure 54 the two uppermost battery pack assemblies in Figure 54 ), adjacent battery pack assembly units 5 are electrically connected on the second side through the electrical connection row 7 (the two battery pack assemblies 3 of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th battery pack assembly units 5 are electrically connected by aluminum bars on the right side shown in

[0315] Example 4

[0316] This embodiment is the fire safety system 2, and the specific structure can be seen in Figure 2 and Figure 55 ;

[0317] The fire safety system 2 includes a primary fire protection unit 020, and its structure is as shown in Figure 56As shown, the primary fire protection unit 020 includes a flue gas confluence pipe and a flue gas treatment unit 22. The flue gas confluence pipe is used to convey the thermal runaway generated by the large-capacity battery 330 to the flue gas treatment unit 22; the flue gas treatment unit 22 is used to treat the thermal runaway flue gas generated by each large-capacity battery 330. The structures of the flue gas confluence pipe and the flue gas treatment unit 22 will be described in detail below.

[0318] As Figure 2 shown, in order to prevent the thermal runaway flue gas of the single cells 332 in the individual battery pack assemblies 3 from diffusing into the entire energy storage device and causing safety problems, the thermal runaway flue gas of all the battery pack assemblies 3 is converged using the flue gas confluence pipe. After the single cell 332 in any one of the battery pack assemblies 3 experiences thermal runaway, its thermal runaway flue gas can be discharged through the flue gas confluence pipe to reduce the spread of thermal runaway.

[0319] The flue gas confluence pipe in this embodiment includes a primary confluence pipe 211 and a secondary confluence pipe 2120; combining Figure 2 and Figure 56 it can be seen that this embodiment includes four primary confluence pipes 211, and each primary confluence pipe 211 is respectively connected to the outlet end of the explosion vent confluence pipe 32 of each battery pack assembly 3 in each battery cluster (as Figure 57 shown, Figure 57 is Figure 2 the enlarged schematic diagram of area a in

[0320] The above flue gas confluence pipe converges the thermal runaway flue gas generated by each battery cluster and centrally leads it to the subsequent flue gas treatment unit 22 for treatment. However, in the above large-capacity batteries 330, there is a certain amount of free electrolyte in the shared chamber. When the large-capacity battery 330 experiences thermal runaway, after being ejected together with the thermal runaway flue gas, it has certain potential safety hazards. Based on this, combining Figure 58 , the flue gas treatment unit 22 in this embodiment includes a liquid treatment device 230. The inlet of the liquid treatment device 230 is connected to the outlet of the secondary confluence pipe 2120, and it is mainly used to fully treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas of the large-capacity battery 330 to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose to generate combustible gases, thereby reducing the content of combustibles (electrolyte and combustible gases) in the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0321] The liquid treatment device 230 in this embodiment includes M liquid treatment tanks 2301, and the liquid treatment tanks 2301 are filled with a liquid treatment medium. The number of the liquid treatment tanks 2301 can be set according to the number and requirements of the large-capacity batteries 330 in the energy storage device. If there are multiple liquid treatment tanks 2301, the multiple liquid treatment tanks 2301 can be serially arranged through a connecting pipeline 2302. The shape of the liquid treatment tank 2301 is not limited and can be a rectangular tank body, a circular tank body, an elliptical tank body, etc. Preferably, a circular tank body is adopted, and the circular tank body has good pressure-bearing performance.

[0322] All of the above-mentioned M liquid treatment tanks 2301 can be filled with the liquid treatment medium. Specifically, when filling, the liquid treatment medium is approximately filled to 2 / 3 of the inner cavity of the liquid treatment tank 2301 to prevent the liquid treatment medium in the previous liquid treatment tank 2301 from being squeezed into the next liquid treatment tank 2301, resulting in poor treatment effects.

[0323] During actual use, the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas at the initial explosion venting of the large-capacity battery 330 is too high, and the liquid treatment medium in the last liquid treatment tank 2301 may be squeezed out of the liquid treatment tank 2301 by the thermal runaway flue gas. Based on this, the last liquid treatment tank 2301 can be set as an empty tank. For example, the liquid treatment device 230 includes 9 liquid treatment tanks 2301, among which, the 1st to the 8th liquid treatment tanks 2301 are filled with the liquid treatment medium, and the 9th liquid treatment tank 2301 is an empty tank. When the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas discharged by the large-capacity battery 330 is too high, the empty tank can collect the liquid treatment medium squeezed out by the high-pressure thermal runaway flue gas, prevent the liquid treatment medium from being squeezed out of the liquid treatment tank 2301, and improve the safety of the liquid treatment device 230 during use.

[0324] Such as Figure 58As shown in the figure, a flue gas inlet 2303, a flue gas outlet 2304, and a liquid treatment medium filling port 2305 are provided on the liquid treatment tank 2301. The flue gas inlet 2303 is used to input the thermal runaway flue gas into the liquid treatment tank 2301, the flue gas outlet 2304 is used to discharge the treated thermal runaway flue gas, and the liquid treatment medium filling port 2305 is used to fill the liquid treatment medium. When specifically setting the flue gas inlet 2303, it can be set at the top of the liquid treatment tank 2301 or at the bottom of the liquid treatment tank 2301. For the convenience of connecting each liquid treatment tank 2301, it is preferred to set both the flue gas inlet 2303 and the flue gas outlet 2304 at the top of the liquid treatment tank 2301. At this time, each liquid treatment tank 2301 only needs to be connected at the top, which improves the connectability of the entire thermal runaway flue gas treatment device and the compactness of the pipeline layout. In addition, the above-mentioned connecting pipeline 2302 can adopt a metal bellows. After using the metal corrugated connection, each liquid treatment tank 2301 can be arranged according to the requirements of the installation space, meeting various installation requirements and saving installation space.

[0325] As Figure 59 shown in the figure, after setting the flue gas inlet 2303 at the top of the liquid treatment tank 2301, in order to make the thermal runaway flue gas fully contact with the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 2301, a diversion pipe 2306 is connected to the flue gas inlet 2303, and at least part of the diversion pipe 2306 can be immersed in the liquid treatment medium. Preferably, the diversion pipe 2306 preferably extends to the bottom of the liquid treatment tank 2301 and can be completely immersed in the liquid treatment medium. When the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the liquid treatment tank 2301, it fully contacts the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 2301, and the liquid treatment medium conducts a relatively sufficient treatment on the thermal runaway flue gas, improving the treatment effect of the liquid treatment medium.

[0326] A diversion part 2307 is provided at one end of the above-mentioned diversion pipe 2306 immersed in the liquid treatment medium. The diversion part 2307 disperses and diverts the thermal runaway flue gas and then reacts with the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 2301, so that the thermal runaway flue gas enters with a large flow rate and exits with a small flow rate, which is beneficial to the dispersion of the thermal runaway flue gas, enables the thermal runaway flue gas to fully contact and react with the liquid treatment medium, and improves the treatment effect of the liquid treatment medium. The diversion part 2307 in this embodiment can be a copper foam column. The copper foam column is convenient to install and has a good dispersion and diversion effect. When specifically installing, it is fixed to the port of the diversion pipe 2306 immersed in the liquid treatment medium. Copper foam is a structure with a large number of three-dimensional porous structures in the copper matrix, which has a dispersion and buffering effect on fluids. When in use, it is processed into a columnar structure. The thermal runaway flue gas passing through the diversion pipe 2306 flows out from the copper foam column and then flows out through the side wall or bottom of the copper foam column to achieve the dispersion and buffering effect on the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the diverted thermal runaway flue gas can fully contact the liquid treatment medium.

[0327] To further enable the thermal runaway flue gas to fully react with the liquid treatment medium, a spiral baffle 2308 is provided on the above-mentioned diversion pipe 2306, or a plurality of baffle plates are provided on the diversion pipe 2306. When the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the liquid treatment tank 2301, the spiral baffle 2308 or the plurality of baffle plates increase the travel of the thermal runaway flue gas, making the thermal runaway flue gas more fully contact with the liquid treatment medium. The thermal runaway flue gas enters from the flue gas inlet 2303 of the liquid treatment tank 2301, then enters the bottom of the liquid treatment medium through the diversion pipe 2306, and then is dispersed by the copper foam column. During the process of rising from the bottom, the spiral baffle 2308 or the plurality of baffle plates will make the thermal runaway flue gas fully contact with the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 2301, so as to carry out corresponding treatment. When specifically connecting, the spiral baffle 2308 can be fixed on the diversion pipe 2306. The baffle plate is a semi-circular baffle plate, and a plurality of baffle plates are arranged in sequence from bottom to top, and are respectively fixed on the diversion pipe 2306, and adjacent baffle plates are installed in a staggered manner.

[0328] After the above-mentioned liquid treatment tank is pressure-tested and leak-tested, the liquid treatment medium is filled. The liquid treatment medium is mainly used to fully treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose and generate combustible gases, thereby reducing the content of combustibles (electrolyte and combustible gases) in the thermal runaway flue gas. The liquid treatment medium can specifically adopt the following substances:

[0329] First, the liquid treatment medium can be an organic solvent. According to the principle of similar solubility, the organic solvent can fully treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas, and at the same time can prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose. The organic solvent is specifically an ester solvent, an alcohol solvent or an aldehyde solvent. The ester solvent can specifically be a diethyl phthalate solvent, a methyl salicylate solvent, an ethyl acetate solvent or a butyl acetate solvent, etc. The alcohol solvent can specifically be a benzyl alcohol solvent, an isoamyl alcohol solvent, an isobutyl alcohol solvent, an isopropyl alcohol solvent, an isooctyl alcohol solvent, a n-propyl alcohol solvent or a cyclohexanol solvent, etc. The aldehyde solvent is a benzaldehyde solvent, heptaldehyde, phenyl propionaldehyde or methyl nonyl acetaldehyde, etc.

[0330] Second, the liquid treatment medium is an alkali solution. The alkali solution can specifically be an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution, an aqueous barium hydroxide solution, etc. The alkali solution can react with the carbonate substances in the electrolyte to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to generate harmful gases, and carry out certain treatment on the thermal runaway flue gas at the source. At the same time, the alkali solution can cool the thermal runaway flue gas and fully dissolve the electrolyte vapor in the thermal runaway flue gas in the alkali solution. In addition, the alkali solution has a good treatment effect on acidic substances such as CO2, POF3 and HF, and can effectively treat the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0331] Among the above two liquid treatment media, the alkali solution not only treats the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose, but also treats part of the gas. After the thermal runaway flue gas is treated with the alkali solution of this concentration, the gas volume is greatly reduced. Therefore, compared with organic solvents, the treatment effect of the alkali solution is better.

[0332] For the alkali solution, generally, the higher the concentration, the better the treatment effect on the thermal runaway flue gas. However, the inventor found that the treatment effect of the low-concentration alkali solution is better than that of the high-concentration alkali solution. Especially for the alkali solution with a concentration of 0.05 - 0.5 mol / L, when the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the alkali solution of this concentration, the collected gas volume is the smallest, and its treatment effect is better than that of the alkali solution with a concentration above 0.5 mol / L. Therefore, when using the alkali solution to treat the thermal runaway flue gas, overcoming the bias of the prior art, using the low-concentration alkali solution to treat the thermal runaway flue gas enables the alkali solution to effectively treat the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0333] Taking the alkali solution as the NaOH solution as an example, a large number of battery thermal runaway tests were carried out. After horizontally comparing the treatment effects of water and NaOH solutions with different concentrations on the thermal runaway flue gas, it was found that the volume of the gas collected after the thermal runaway flue gas was treated with the NaOH solution of 0.05 - 0.5 mol / L was the smallest. The treatment effect was significant after being treated with the NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.1 - 0.2 mol / L, and the treatment effect was the best after being treated with the NaOH solution of 0.1 mol / L.

[0334] When the thermal runaway flue gas is transported into the NaOH solution, the NaOH solution reacts with acidic substances such as the electrolyte, CO2, POF3, and HF in the thermal runaway flue gas respectively. For example, the ester in the electrolyte reacts with the NaOH solution: CHOOCR + NaOH = RCOONa + CHOH; CO2 reacts with the NaOH solution: 2NaOH + CO2 = Na2CO3 + H2O; subsequently, CO2 will also react: Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O = 2NaHCO3; POF3 reacts with the NaOH solution: POF3 + 2NaOH = NaPF2O2 + NaF + H2O; HF reacts with the NaOH solution: NaOH + HF = NaF + H2O. After the above reactions, the volume of the thermal runaway flue gas is greatly reduced.

[0335] Table 1 Unprocessed full-charge 32650 battery runaway data

[0336]

[0337] Table 2 Treatment results of NaOH solutions with different concentrations

[0338]

[0339]

[0340]

[0341] According to the above test data, it is found that when the thermal runaway flue gas of a fully charged 32650 battery is not treated at all after thermal runaway, the volume of the collected gas is 4L. When the thermal runaway flue gas of a fully charged 32650 battery passes through a NaOH solution with a concentration above 0.5 mol / L after thermal runaway, the generally collected gas is more than 2L, and the treatment effect is not ideal. When the thermal runaway flue gas of a fully charged 32650 battery passes through a NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.05 - 0.5 mol / L after thermal runaway, the gas volume is smaller, all below 2L. After being treated with a NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.1 - 0.2 mol / L, the effect is remarkable. After passing through a 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution, the collected gas volume is the smallest, only about 1L, and the effect is the best. Therefore, a NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.05 - 0.5 mol / L has a good treatment effect on the thermal runaway flue gas after battery thermal runaway.

[0342] As Figure 60 shown, the flue gas treatment unit of this embodiment may further include a solid treatment device. From the above test results, it can be seen that an alkali solution with a certain concentration can effectively treat the thermal runaway flue gas, greatly reducing the volume of the treated thermal runaway flue gas. On this basis, a solid treatment device can be used to treat the remaining gas, so that the treated thermal runaway flue gas does not burn at all.

[0343] As can be seen from Figure 57 this, the solid treatment device is arranged at the rear end of the liquid treatment device and is used to treat the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device. The solid treatment device includes at least one solid treatment tank 231. The number of solid treatment tanks 231 can be set according to the number and requirements of large-capacity batteries in the energy storage device. If there are multiple solid treatment tanks, the multiple solid treatment tanks can be arranged in series. At this time, the flue gas inlet of the first solid treatment tank is connected to the flue gas outlet of the last liquid treatment tank in the liquid treatment device. The specific structure of the solid treatment tank is similar to that of the liquid treatment tank, and its interior is filled with a solid adsorption medium for treating the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment tank.

[0344] The solid adsorption medium in the above-mentioned solid treatment tank can specifically be activated carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes, graphite, alumina, montmorillonite, silicate, phosphate, porous glass, etc., which is used to treat the residual gas after the liquid treatment tank. For example, it adsorbs excess H2, CO, methane, ethylene, etc. Preferably, the above-mentioned solid adsorption medium selects activated carbon with relatively low cost and relatively excellent treatment effect. Generally, activated carbon with a higher iodine value or modified activated carbon is selected. This type of activated carbon is easy to adsorb small molecular weight gases in the thermal runaway flue gas. For example, it is easy to react with hydrogen, methane, etc.

[0345] Table 3 Adsorption test after combining NaOH solution and activated carbon

[0346]

[0347]

[0348] Through the test data, it is found that the effect of treating the thermal runaway flue gas of the empty battery thermal runaway with NaOH solution and activated carbon (activated carbon of No. 1 gas mask P-B-3) is very good. After many tests, it is found that the thermal runaway flue gas after the full-charge 32650 battery runs out of control first passes through 1500 mL of 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution for treatment, and then passes through 270 g of activated carbon for adsorption. The volume of the collected gas is between 0.3 and 0.5 L, and the collected gas is non-flammable.

[0349] The flue gas treatment system in this embodiment introduces the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the thermal runaway of large-capacity batteries into the liquid treatment tank for treatment. The liquid treatment tank specifically treats the electrolyte and some gases carried in the battery thermal runaway flue gas, preventing the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose and react to generate gases, thereby reducing the gas production of the battery thermal runaway. Subsequently, the subsequent solid treatment tank can complete the treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas with less solid adsorption medium. At the same time, the treated gas is not flammable, improving the safety of the energy storage device.

[0350] In some embodiments, the flue gas treatment unit may also only include a solid treatment device. The thermal runaway flue gas generated by large-capacity batteries is directly transported to the solid treatment device through the flue gas manifold for treatment.

[0351] Combined Figure 1 and Figure 60 , the flue gas treatment unit of this embodiment may also include an ignition device 2210. As Figure 60As shown in the figure, the ignition device 2210 is arranged at the rear end of the liquid treatment device or the solid treatment device, and performs a controllable ignition treatment on the thermally runaway flue gas after being treated by the liquid treatment device or the solid treatment device. The above-mentioned ignition device 2210 may adopt the structures disclosed in Chinese patents CN220324645U, CN219453979U, CN218523576U, CN218498146U, CN218414927U, etc.

[0352] In some embodiments, the flue gas treatment unit may also only include an ignition device. The thermally runaway flue gas generated by the large-capacity battery is directly transported to the ignition device through the flue gas manifold, and the ignition device directly performs a separate ignition treatment on all the thermally runaway flue gas.

[0353] As Figure 60 shown in the figure, the above-mentioned ignition device 2210 includes a flue gas pipeline 2321 and at least one set of ignition components. The flue gas pipeline 2321 is connected to the flue gas outlet 2304 of the Mth liquid treatment tank 2301 in the liquid treatment device 230 (taking the case where no solid adsorption device is provided as an example). The ignition components are connected to the flue gas pipeline 2321. Among them, the number of ignition components can be set according to requirements, and can be set to multiple groups such as 1 group, 2 groups, 3 groups or 4 groups. When multiple groups are set, not only can the thermally runaway flue gas be fully ignited to ensure reliable ignition, but also the safety hazard caused by the inability to reliably ignite the thermally runaway flue gas when a single ignition component fails or malfunctions can be avoided.

[0354] As Figure 60As shown in the figure, each ignition component includes a smoke exhaust pipe 2322 and an igniter 2323 disposed at the outlet of the smoke exhaust pipe 2322. The smoke exhaust pipe 2322 is connected to the smoke gas pipeline 2321 (when there are multiple ignition components, the inlets of the smoke exhaust pipes 2322 of the multiple ignition components are all communicated with the smoke gas pipeline 2321). The igniter 2323 is turned on when any large-capacity battery 330 has a thermal runaway. Subsequently, the thermal runaway smoke gas processed by the liquid treatment device 230 is transported by the smoke gas pipeline 2321 into the smoke exhaust pipe 2322, and the igniter 2323 ignites the thermal runaway smoke gas discharged from the smoke exhaust pipe 2322. The ignition of the igniter 2323 can be turned on by a trigger 2324 or by a BMS (Battery Management System). When turned on by the trigger 2324, the trigger 2324 can be sensors of different structures, which can be disposed inside the smoke exhaust pipe 2322 or on the smoke gas pipeline 2321 to detect parameters such as temperature, pressure or gas volume fraction in real time. When the set threshold is exceeded, a signal can be sent to start the igniter 2323. Specifically, the above trigger 2324 can be at least one of a pressure sensor, a gas sensor or a temperature sensor. When starting by the trigger 2324, a flame arrester 2325 can also be disposed on the smoke exhaust pipe 2322. The flame arrester 2325 is preferably a pipeline flame arrester 2325, which is used to prevent the flame from transmitting downward through the smoke exhaust pipe 2322 and damaging devices such as the trigger 2324. When turned on by the BMS, the BMS monitors the voltage, current and temperature of each large-capacity battery 330 in the energy storage device in real time. When any large-capacity battery 330 has a thermal runaway and the voltage, voltage and temperature exceed the threshold, the igniter 2323 is started.

[0355] The structure of the above igniter 2323 can be various. For example, an existing arc igniter 2323 or a resistance wire igniter 2323 can be specifically adopted, etc. The arc igniter 2323 can specifically adopt a pulse igniter 2323. The power supply mode of the igniter 2323 can adopt dry batteries or alternating current according to the on-site environment.

[0356] When a large-capacity battery 330 has a thermal runaway, the thermal runaway smoke gas generated by the thermal runaway of the large-capacity battery 330 enters the liquid treatment device 230 through the smoke gas confluence pipe. The liquid treatment device 230 conducts targeted treatment on the electrolyte and some gases carried in the battery thermal runaway smoke gas. Subsequently, the ignition device 2210 conducts a controllable ignition treatment on the thermal runaway smoke gas processed by the liquid treatment device 230 to reduce the potential safety hazards generated after the thermal runaway smoke gas is discharged.

[0357] The smoke gas treatment unit 22 in this embodiment can also include a buffer device, which is disposed between the smoke gas confluence pipe and the smoke gas treatment unit 22 to buffer the thermal runaway smoke gas entering the smoke gas treatment unit 22.

[0358] Such as Figure 61As shown in the figure, the buffer device includes N buffer tanks 234, and each buffer tank 234 is provided with a smoke inlet 2341 and a smoke outlet 2342 that communicate with its inner cavity; the smoke inlet 2303 of the first liquid treatment tank 2301 is connected to the smoke outlet 2342 of the Nth buffer tank 234, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 1. Figure 61 The smoke treatment unit 22 shown in the figure includes a buffer device, a liquid treatment device 230, and an ignition device 2210. The buffer device is arranged at the front end of the liquid treatment device 230, and the ignition device 2210 is arranged at the rear end of the liquid treatment device 230. In other embodiments, the buffer device can also be arranged at the front end of the ignition device 2210.

[0359] In the above buffer device, the number of buffer tanks 234 can be set according to the number and requirements of the large-capacity batteries 330. If there are multiple buffer tanks 234, the multiple buffer tanks 234 can be connected in series through a connecting pipeline 2302. The shape of the buffer tank 234 is not limited, and it can be a rectangular tank body, a circular tank body, an elliptical tank body, etc. The best choice is a circular tank body, which has good pressure-bearing performance.

[0360] In this embodiment, the number of buffer tanks 234 is 1. This buffer tank 234 is an empty tank body without filling substances. It is arranged between the smoke converging pipe and the smoke treatment unit 22 and mainly has the following functions:

[0361] First, buffer the heat-loss smoke;

[0362] A buffer tank 234 is arranged in front of the smoke treatment unit 22. The buffer tank 234 buffers the thermal runaway smoke, slows down the speed of the thermal runaway smoke, and reduces the pressure of the thermal runaway smoke, so that the thermal runaway smoke enters the liquid treatment tank 2301 or the ignition device 2210 at a relatively stable flow rate. The liquid treatment medium can treat the thermal runaway smoke more fully. Or, when the thermal runaway smoke is ignited by the ignition device 2210, the combustion flame is relatively stable, avoiding the defect that the thermal runaway smoke with an instantaneous large pressure quickly passes through the liquid treatment medium and the thermal runaway smoke cannot be fully treated, and improving the treatment effect of the liquid treatment medium;

[0363] Second, collect the electrolyte in the thermal runaway smoke;

[0364] In the large-capacity battery 330 with a shared chamber, there is a certain amount of free electrolyte. When the large-capacity battery 330 undergoes thermal runaway, this free electrolyte is ejected together with the thermal runaway flue gas. Especially when the explosion relief area is set at the bottom of the outer shell 331, almost all the free electrolyte inside the shared chamber is ejected with the thermal runaway flue gas. A buffer tank 234 is arranged in front of the liquid treatment device 230. While buffering the thermal runaway flue gas, the buffer tank 234 separates the gas and liquid in the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas is collected in the buffer tank 234, thereby reducing the usage amount of the liquid treatment medium in the subsequent liquid treatment device 230;

[0365] When the large-capacity battery 330 undergoes thermal runaway, almost all the free electrolyte inside the large-capacity battery 330 is ejected with the thermal runaway flue gas. The electrolyte and the combustible gas are ignited together. At this time, when the liquid electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas burns, hazards such as flame sputtering may occur. At the same time, when the thermal runaway flue gas is ignited, the electrolyte and the combustible gas in the thermal runaway flue gas participate in the combustion simultaneously, generating a large amount of combustion flames. The large amount of combustion flames may affect the devices near the ignition device 2210, posing a certain safety hazard. A buffer tank 234 is arranged in front of the ignition device 2210. While buffering the thermal runaway flue gas, the buffer tank 234 separates the gas and liquid in the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas is collected in the buffer tank 234. This can not only prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose to produce combustible gas and reduce the amount of combustible gas, but also when the subsequent thermal runaway flue gas is ignited, only the combustible gas burns (the electrolyte has been collected by the buffer tank 234), reducing the size of the flame when the thermal runaway flue gas is ignited and minimizing the safety hazard to the surrounding environment;

[0366] Third, remove impurities from the thermal runaway flue gas;

[0367] When the large-capacity battery 330 undergoes thermal runaway, the temperature inside each single battery 332 is approximately between 140°C and 850°C. At this temperature, the fusible parts such as diaphragms, plastic films, and plastic parts inside the single battery 332 are melted by high temperature. These molten substances are ejected from the battery cavity with the high-temperature and high-pressure thermal runaway flue gas and flow through the flue gas confluence pipe to the subsequent thermal runaway flue gas treatment device. During this process, as the temperature of the thermal runaway flue gas decreases, the molten substances gradually solidify and agglomerate, easily blocking the pipelines in the flue gas treatment unit 22. At this time, after adding the above buffer tank 234, the impurities such as the molten substances discharged with the thermal runaway flue gas will be deposited and collected in the buffer tank 234 when the thermal runaway flue gas is buffered in the buffer tank 234, avoiding the subsequent pipeline blockage problem;

[0368] Fourth, collect the recirculated liquid treatment medium;

[0369] When the large-capacity battery 330 undergoes thermal runaway, the instantaneously ejected thermal runaway flue gas has a relatively high pressure. This high-pressure thermal runaway flue gas enters the liquid treatment tank 2301 through the flue gas manifold. Since the liquid treatment tank 2301 is filled with a liquid treatment medium and is provided with a flow splitting portion 2307, there is a situation where the thermal runaway flue gas cannot be discharged from the liquid treatment tank 2301 in time, resulting in overpressure in the liquid treatment tank 2301. At this time, the following phenomena may occur: The liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 2301 is backflushed by the high-pressure gas in the liquid treatment tank 2301 into the flue gas manifold, causing the flue gas manifold to become blocked, resulting in the subsequent generated thermal runaway flue gas being unable to be smoothly discharged into the liquid treatment tank 2301 through the flue gas manifold;

[0370] A buffer tank 234 is added in front of the liquid treatment tank 2301. When the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment tank 2301 undergoes backflushing, the liquid treatment medium is backflushed and collected in the front buffer tank 234, and will not flow into the flue gas manifold, thereby avoiding the blockage problem of the flue gas manifold, enabling the thermal runaway flue gas to be smoothly discharged into the liquid treatment device 230 for treatment.

[0371] As Figure 61 shown, the above buffer tank 234 is provided with a smoke inlet 2341 and a smoke outlet 2342 that communicate with its inner cavity. The smoke inlet 2341 is mainly used to connect with the flue gas manifold, and the flue gas manifold transports the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the thermal runaway of the large-capacity battery 330 into the buffer tank 234. The smoke outlet 2342 is mainly used to discharge the thermal runaway flue gas in the buffer tank 234. When specifically setting the above smoke inlet 2341 and smoke outlet 2342, they can be set on the side wall of the buffer tank 234 or on the top of the buffer tank 234. In this embodiment, both the smoke inlet 2341 and the smoke outlet 2342 are set on the top of the buffer tank 234. Setting the smoke inlet 2341 on the top of the buffer tank 234, firstly, can make the solid impurities and electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway flue gas deposit at the bottom of the buffer tank 234 under the action of gravity, and secondly, it is difficult for the liquid in the buffer tank 234 to be squeezed into the front flue gas manifold through the smoke inlet 2341 on the top; Setting the smoke outlet 2342 on the top of the buffer tank 234, firstly, can prevent the solid impurities and electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway flue gas from being smoothly discharged, and secondly, can enable the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas to be smoothly discharged from the buffer tank 234.

[0372] In addition, a drain valve can be provided at the bottom of the above buffer tank 234 to timely discharge the liquid in the buffer tank 234. For the convenience of standardization and integration of the energy storage device, the buffer tank 234 can adopt a structure similar to that of the liquid treatment tank 2301.

[0373] Reference Figure 61, the flue gas treatment system of this embodiment may further include at least one safety device (each safety device includes a safety pipeline 2220 and a safety discharge part 2230).

[0374] If there is no safety device in the flue gas treatment system, the following problems may exist:

[0375] First, if multiple large-capacity batteries 330 simultaneously experience thermal runaway, it may be due to the excessive pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas, causing the explosion relief part of the large-capacity battery 330 (i.e., the explosion relief membrane in the explosion relief pipe assembly 335) to be opened in the reverse direction, affecting the large-capacity batteries 330 that have not experienced thermal runaway, creating potential safety hazards, or damaging the seal at the connection of the flue gas manifold, resulting in leakage of the flue gas manifold and creating potential safety hazards;

[0376] Second, since the liquid treatment tank 2301 is filled with a liquid treatment medium and is provided with a flow splitting part 2307, there is a possibility that the thermal runaway flue gas cannot be discharged from the liquid treatment tank 2301 in a timely manner, and the thermal runaway flue gas accumulates and is pressurized in the flue gas manifold. When the pressure is too high, the explosion relief part of the large-capacity battery 330 (i.e., the explosion relief membrane in the explosion relief pipe assembly 335) is opened in the reverse direction, affecting the large-capacity batteries 330 that have not experienced thermal runaway, creating potential safety hazards, or damaging the seal at the connection of the flue gas manifold, resulting in leakage of the flue gas manifold and creating potential safety hazards.

[0377] Based on this, the energy storage device of this embodiment may further include at least one safety device, which can discharge the thermal runaway flue gas through the safety device when the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas in the flue gas manifold is too high, so as to avoid potential safety hazards caused by excessive pressure in the flue gas manifold and improve the safety of the energy storage device.

[0378] Such as Figure 61As shown, each safety device includes a safety pipeline 2220 and a safety discharge part 2230; the inlet of the safety pipeline 2220 is connected to the flue gas confluence pipe or the buffer tank 234, and the outlet is connected to the external environment. Or, the outlet of the safety pipeline 2220 is connected to the flue gas outlet 2304 of the Mth liquid treatment tank 2301. Or, the outlet of the safety pipeline 2220 is connected to the flue gas outlet 2304 of the last solid treatment tank 231. Or, the outlet of the safety pipeline 2220 is communicated with the flue gas pipeline 2321 of the ignition device 2210. The safety discharge part 2230 is arranged on the safety pipeline 2220, and its opening pressure is less than the opening pressure of the explosion-proof membrane in the explosion-proof pipe assembly 335 of the large-capacity battery 330 (the explosion-proof pipe assembly 335 is the explosion-proof part of the large-capacity battery 330). This safety device is used to discharge the thermal runaway flue gas from the safety pipeline 2220 when the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas in the flue gas confluence pipe is too high, so as to avoid the influence of the thermal runaway flue gas on the large-capacity batteries that have not experienced thermal runaway, or the influence on the sealing performance of the connection of the flue gas confluence pipe, improving the safety of the energy storage device during use.

[0379] The above-mentioned safety discharge part 2230 can be specifically implemented by the following structures: First, an explosion-proof membrane or an explosion-proof valve is used; the explosion-proof membrane or the explosion-proof valve is installed on the safety pipeline 2220. Second, a safety valve is used, and the safety valve can be opened under a set pressure; the safety valve can adopt a pressure valve, and the pressure valve can be self-opened under a certain pressure; the pressure valve has a set opening threshold, and when the pressure in the flue gas confluence pipe exceeds this threshold, the pressure valve automatically opens, with relatively high reliability. In addition, the installation of the safety valve is also relatively convenient. Third, a pressure measuring device and a control valve are used; the pressure measuring device is used to monitor the pressure of the gas in the flue gas confluence pipe, and the control valve is opened when the pressure of the gas in the flue gas confluence pipe exceeds the threshold. The above-mentioned pressure measuring device can specifically adopt a pressure sensor, and the control valve is an electromagnetic valve, and the electromagnetic valve is signal-connected to the pressure measuring device, and the pressure measuring device controls the opening of the electromagnetic valve according to the pressure in the flue gas confluence pipe.

[0380] Combined with Figure 55 and Figure 62 , the fire safety system 2 of this embodiment may further include a secondary fire protection unit 021. The secondary fire protection unit 021 mainly includes a fire protection device 24 and a fire protection pipeline 25; a fire extinguishing substance is stored in the fire protection device 24, and the fire protection pipeline 25 is used to transport the fire extinguishing substance in the fire protection device 24 into the energy storage box 1. The inlet of the above-mentioned fire protection pipeline 25 is connected to the fire protection device 24, and the outlet is arranged in the energy storage box 1.

[0381] In this embodiment, at least one fire extinguishing agent nozzle is provided on the fire pipeline 25. The fire extinguishing agent nozzle is arranged on the top of the energy storage box 1, and the fire extinguishing substance is sprayed through the fire extinguishing agent nozzle to ensure that the fire extinguishing substance can cover all the large-capacity batteries 330. A certain amount of fire extinguishing substance is stored in the above-mentioned fire-fighting device 24, and the fire extinguishing substance is specifically perfluoromethylhexanone, heptafluoropropane, aerosol, water, etc. At the same time, a control valve is provided at the outlet of the fire-fighting device 24, and the control valve is started by the BMS or by a sensor arranged in the energy storage box 1. When starting through the sensor, the sensor includes at least two of a temperature sensor, a gas sensor, and a smoke detector. The above sensors monitor the environment in the energy storage box 1 in real time and open the control valve according to the detection data.

[0382] When the large-capacity battery 330 has a thermal runaway, the thermal runaway flue gas of the thermal runaway battery can be led out and processed by the primary fire-fighting unit 020 to prevent its thermal diffusion, avoiding the situation where other batteries or even the entire energy storage device get out of control and explode due to thermal diffusion when an individual large-capacity battery 330 has a thermal runaway. At the same time, it can also avoid the danger caused by the accumulation of high-temperature and high-pressure gas in a limited space. When there is thermal runaway flue gas in the energy storage box 1, the secondary fire-fighting unit 021 is started to spray the fire extinguishing substance on the thermal runaway flue gas and the burning and exploding battery in the energy storage box 1, further preventing the continuous occurrence of thermal runaway. The above primary fire-fighting unit 020 and secondary fire-fighting unit 021 can cool down and extinguish the fire of the thermal runaway battery according to the situation, greatly improving the safety of the energy storage device.

[0383] Combined Figure 55 and Figure 62 In this embodiment, the fire safety system 2 may further include a tertiary fire-fighting unit 022. The tertiary fire-fighting unit 022 includes a fire water spray pipeline 26 and at least one water mist nozzle 27 arranged on the fire water spray pipeline 26. The inlet of the fire water spray pipeline 26 is used to connect with an external fire water pipe, and the water mist nozzle 27 is arranged on the top of the energy storage box 1. When multiple large-capacity batteries 330 have a thermal runaway and the fire is relatively large, the fire water spray pipeline 26 can cooperate with the secondary fire-fighting unit 021 to extinguish the fire of multiple batteries. Or, after the fire extinguishing substance in the secondary fire-fighting unit 021 is consumed, the tertiary fire-fighting unit 022 is started to continue to take corresponding fire extinguishing measures for the large-capacity batteries 330, further improving the safety of the entire energy storage device. In other embodiments, the above fire safety system 2 may not be provided with the tertiary fire-fighting unit 022. Or, when the fire extinguishing substance in the secondary fire-fighting unit 021 is water, the tertiary fire-fighting unit 022 is a fire water joint arranged on the fire pipeline 25, and the fire water joint is used to connect with an external fire water pipe.

[0384] The working principle of the above fire safety system 2 is as follows:

[0385] When the large-capacity battery 330 in the energy storage box 1 is operating normally, the primary fire protection unit 020, the secondary fire protection unit 021, and the tertiary fire protection unit 022 are all not operating. When a large-capacity battery 330 experiences thermal runaway, the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the thermal runaway of the large-capacity battery 330 is transported through the flue gas confluence pipe to the flue gas treatment unit 22 for treatment; when the flue gas confluence pipe leaks or the flue gas treatment device fails and there is thermal runaway flue gas in the energy storage box 1, or when the large-capacity battery 330 catches fire or explodes, the secondary fire protection unit 021 is activated, and the fire protection device 24 sprays fire extinguishing substances through the fire protection pipeline 25. The fire extinguishing substances prevent the thermal runaway flue gas from igniting an open fire or the fire protection device extinguishes the battery that has caught fire or exploded. If the fire cannot be controlled after the secondary fire protection unit 021 operates: the tertiary fire protection unit 022 connects to external fire water, and the water mist nozzles 27 are used to extinguish the fire in the battery compartment 12. Or when multiple large-capacity batteries 330 experience thermal runaway simultaneously and the open fire is relatively large, the secondary fire protection unit 021 and the tertiary fire protection unit 022 are activated simultaneously to start extinguishing the fire.

[0386] It should be noted that when the secondary fire protection unit 021 and the tertiary fire protection unit 022 are activated, the ignition device 2210 in the primary fire protection unit 020 does not operate.

[0387] Embodiment 5

[0388] This embodiment is an energy storage device, and its structure can be referred to Figure 2 and Figure 63 , that is, on the basis of Embodiment 3, it is a product obtained by assembling the fire safety system 2 of Embodiment 4 with the energy storage box 1 and the battery pack assembly 3;

[0389] From Figure 2 and Figure 63 , it can be seen that for the energy storage device of this embodiment, the flue gas treatment unit 22 of the primary fire protection unit 020 (except for the ignition device 2210, the ignition device 2210 is placed outside the energy storage box 1 and on top of the energy storage box 1) and the fire protection device 24 of the secondary fire protection unit 021 are placed in the equipment compartment 11.

[0390] Part of the pipeline of the secondary confluence pipe 2120, the fire protection pipeline 25, the fire water spray pipeline 26, and the water mist nozzles 27 are all located inside the energy storage box 1 and on top of the battery compartment 12.

[0391] Each primary confluence pipe 211 extends along the z direction and is respectively connected to the outlet end of the explosion vent confluence pipe 32 of the battery pack assembly 3 in each battery cluster (reference can be made to Figure 57 ).

Claims

1. An energy storage device, characterized in that: It includes an energy storage box, a fire safety system and at least one battery pack assembly; The energy storage box includes an equipment compartment and a battery compartment, and a support frame is provided in the battery compartment; The fire safety system includes a primary fire unit, which includes a smoke manifold and a smoke treatment unit. The smoke manifold is used to transport the thermal runaway smoke generated by each battery pack assembly to the smoke treatment unit, and the smoke treatment unit is used to treat the thermal runaway smoke; At least part of the structure of the flue gas treatment unit is placed in the equipment compartment; The battery pack assembly comprises a battery pack support frame, an explosion venting manifold, and n large-capacity battery assemblies connected in series and fixed on the battery pack support frame; wherein n is an integer greater than 1; each large-capacity battery assembly comprises a large-capacity battery and a bracket assembly, and the large-capacity battery comprises a shell and a plurality of single cells arranged in the shell in the same direction; The outer shell is provided with a shared chamber and an explosion-proof pipe assembly connected to the shared chamber; the inner cavity of the shared chamber is connected to the inner cavities of all single cells; avoidance holes are opened on the top plate of the outer shell corresponding to the polarity terminals of each single cell; the polarity terminals of each single cell extend out of the avoidance holes, and the top plate area of ​​the outer shell corresponding to the avoidance holes is fixedly sealed with the shell of the single cell; the explosion-proof manifold is connected to the explosion-proof pipe assembly of each large-capacity battery, and the outlet end of the explosion-proof manifold is connected to the smoke manifold; wherein each large-capacity battery assembly is fixed to the battery pack support frame through the bracket assembly, and the battery pack assembly is placed on the support frame in the battery compartment through the battery pack support frame.

2. The energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shared chamber is an electrolyte shared chamber, and the electrolyte shared chamber is communicated with the electrolyte area of ​​each single battery.

3. The energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shared chamber is a gas shared chamber, and the gas shared chamber is communicated with the gas area of ​​each single battery.

4. The energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shared chamber includes an electrolyte shared chamber and a gas shared chamber. The electrolyte shared chamber is communicated with the electrolyte area of ​​each single battery, and the gas shared chamber is communicated with the gas area of ​​each single battery.

5. The energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shared chamber includes an electrolyte shared chamber and a gas shared chamber. The electrolyte shared chamber is connected to the electrolyte area of ​​each single cell. The gas shared chamber is a gas channel located between the top plate of the outer shell and each single cell. The gas channel covers the explosion venting part of each single cell. When the explosion venting part of any single cell is broken by the thermal runaway smoke in the inner cavity, the gas area and gas channel of the single cell are connected.

6. The energy storage device according to claim 2, 4 or 5, characterized in that: The shell comprises a cylinder assembly with two open ends and an end plate assembly covering the two open ends of the cylinder assembly; the electrolyte sharing chamber is a liquid channel located at the bottom of the cylinder assembly and extending along the x direction.

7. The energy storage device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cylinder assembly includes a cylinder and two bosses arranged on the inner bottom surface of the cylinder and extending in the x direction and arranged in the y direction with the same length as the cylinder. The top surface of the boss is the supporting surface of each single battery. In the y direction, a liquid channel is formed between the two bosses as a shared chamber for the electrolyte.

8. The energy storage device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The end plate assembly includes a first end plate and a second end plate; a first through hole is provided on the first end plate; the first end plate is used to cooperate with an explosion relief mechanism fixed at the first through hole to seal the open end of the gas sharing chamber, the open end of the electrolyte sharing chamber and the open end of the cylinder of the large-capacity battery; the second end plate is parallel to the first end plate and there is a gap between the two, and the gap serves as a gas channel; the gas channel extends along the z direction, the air inlet end of the gas channel is used to communicate with the gas sharing chamber, and the air outlet end of the gas channel is connected with the first through hole; in the z direction, the air inlet end of the gas channel is higher than the air outlet end of the gas channel.

9. The energy storage device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The end plate assembly also includes a third end plate which is closely attached to the inner surface of the second end plate.

10. The energy storage device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The large-capacity battery also includes 2n sealing connectors; the outer shell area around each avoidance hole is fixedly sealed with the single battery shell by a sealing connector; the sealing connector includes a hollow component sleeved on the outside of the polarity terminal of the single battery, and the orthographic projection of the open end of the bottom of the hollow component on the upper cover of the single battery covers the weak area around the polarity terminal on the upper cover of the single battery; The bottom of the hollow component and the peripheral area of ​​the weak area are welded and sealed, and the top of the hollow component and the top plate area of ​​the shell around the avoidance hole are welded and sealed.

11. The energy storage device according to claim 10, characterized in that: The sealing connector also includes a bottom plate fixed to the open end of the bottom of the hollow component; a through hole is opened on the bottom plate; the through hole covers the weak area around the polarity terminal on the upper cover of the single cell through its positive projection on the upper cover of the single cell; the bottom plate is used for welding and sealing with the peripheral area of ​​the weak area.

12. The energy storage device according to claim 11, characterized in that: The polarity terminal includes a pole adapter fixed on the pole of the single cell; the pole adapter includes a block-shaped pole adapter body and an electrical connection column fixed on the pole adapter body and protruding from the pole adapter body; the pole adapter body is provided with a first hole corresponding to the electrical connection column, and each electrical connection column is connected to the pole of the single cell through each first hole.

13. The energy storage device according to claim 12, characterized in that: The first hole is a blind hole, which extends to the electrical connection column; the bottom of the blind hole is connected to the single battery pole by welding; a third through hole is provided at the bottom of the blind hole and passes through the blind hole, and the aperture of the third through hole is smaller than the aperture of the blind hole.

14. The energy storage device according to claim 12, characterized in that: The large-capacity battery also includes a heat transfer tube, which includes a first tube, a second tube and a connecting tube; a through groove is provided on the main body of the pole adapter; the first tube is fixed in the through groove of the positive polarity terminal of each single battery in the large-capacity battery; the second tube is fixed in the through groove of the negative polarity terminal of each single battery in the large-capacity battery; and both ends of the connecting tube are respectively connected to the ports of the first tube and the second tube located on the same side.

15. The energy storage device according to claim 14, characterized in that: The large-capacity battery also includes a pressing plate; the pressing plate includes a pressing portion and a fixing portion; the pressing portion has an arc surface, which is used to cooperate with the through groove of the pole adapter to press the heat transfer tube into the through groove; the fixing portion is arranged on both sides of the pressing portion, connected to the pole adapter of each single battery, used to realize parallel connection of multiple single batteries, and at the same time used to fix the pressing portion on the pole adapter.

16. The energy storage device according to claim 15, characterized in that: An insulating sealant layer is laid on the top of the large-capacity battery, and the insulating sealant layer includes a first sub-insulating sealant layer and a second sub-insulating sealant layer. The first sub-insulating sealant layer is an insulating sealant layer with a temperature resistance higher than the thermal runaway flue gas temperature, and is arranged in the gap between the polarity terminal of the single battery and the avoidance hole; the second sub-insulating sealant layer has a lower temperature resistance than the first sub-insulating sealant layer, and the second sub-insulating sealant layer is laid on the top plate of the outer shell and covers the pole adapter body, the heat transfer tube and the pressure plate.

17. The energy storage device according to claim 16, characterized in that: The pole adapter also includes an electrical connection portion arranged on the pole adapter body; the electrical connection portion is used to connect with an external electrical connector while preventing the insulating sealant from overflowing from a part of the injection area.

18. The energy storage device according to claim 17, characterized in that: The large-capacity battery also includes an insulating protective cover, which includes an insulating frame and an insulating cover plate; the lower end of the insulating frame is fixed to the top of the large-capacity battery to prevent the insulating sealant from overflowing the top plate of the shell; the upper end of the insulating frame is buckled and installed with the insulating cover plate; A notch is provided at the upper end of the side wall of the insulating frame body parallel to the xz plane, and the notch cooperates with the insulating cover plate to form a slit, through which the large-capacity battery is electrically connected to external equipment.

19. The energy storage device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The bracket assembly includes a supporting member and two L-shaped brackets; the supporting member is placed at the bottom of the large-capacity battery to support the large-capacity battery; the L-shaped bracket includes a first bracket and a second bracket, wherein the first bracket is parallel to the yz plane, and the second bracket is parallel to the xy plane, and the first brackets of the two L-shaped brackets are respectively fixed to the two ends of the supporting member, and the second brackets of the two L-shaped brackets are respectively fixed to the side beams opposite to the battery pack support frame.

20. The energy storage device according to claim 19, characterized in that: A channel is opened in the boss along the x direction; the supporting member includes two supporting ribs, which are respectively inserted into the two channels to support the large-capacity battery.

21. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The explosion relief pipe assembly includes a first explosion relief component and a second explosion relief component; the first explosion relief component includes a first hollow pipe connected to the housing, and an explosion relief membrane is arranged in the first hollow pipe; The second explosion relief component is a three-way pipe, a first interface of which is sealed and connected to the first explosion relief component, and the second interface and the third interface of the second explosion relief components of two adjacent large-capacity batteries are connected by a flexible pipe section to form an explosion relief conduit.

22. The energy storage device according to claim 21, characterized in that: The first explosion relief component also includes a second hollow pipe connected to the first hollow pipe; the second hollow pipe is made of insulating material, the second explosion relief component is a flexible tee, and the flexible joint of the second explosion relief component is threadedly connected to the second hollow pipe.

23. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The flue gas treatment unit includes at least one of a liquid treatment device, a solid treatment device, a flue gas cooling device and an ignition device; the liquid treatment device, the solid treatment device and the flue gas cooling device are placed in the equipment compartment; the ignition device is placed outside the energy storage box; The liquid treatment device is mainly used to treat the electrolyte and gas in the thermal runaway flue gas; The flue gas cooling device is mainly used to cool the thermal runaway flue gas; The solid treatment device is mainly used to adsorb the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas; The ignition device is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas.

24. The energy storage device according to claim 23, characterized in that: The flue gas treatment unit includes a liquid treatment device, which includes M liquid treatment tanks, each of which is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet, the first liquid treatment tank to the M-1th liquid treatment tank are all filled with liquid treatment medium, and the Mth liquid treatment tank is an empty tank, wherein M is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

25. The energy storage device according to claim 24, characterized in that: The flue gas treatment unit also includes an ignition device; the ignition device is connected to the flue gas outlet of the Mth liquid treatment tank and is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device.

26. The energy storage device according to claim 25, characterized in that The liquid treatment medium is an alkaline solution, and the alkaline solution is a 0.05-0.5 mol / L NaOH solution.

27. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The first-level fire fighting unit also includes a buffer device, which includes at least one buffer tank. The buffer tank is provided with a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet connected to its inner cavity. The buffer device is arranged between the smoke manifold and the smoke treatment unit, and is used for buffering the thermal runaway smoke.

28. The energy storage device according to claim 27, characterized in that: The first-level fire-fighting unit also includes a safety device, which includes a safety pipeline and a safety discharge part; the inlet of each safety pipeline is connected to the smoke manifold or the buffer tank, and the outlet of the safety pipeline is connected to the external environment; the safety discharge part is arranged on the safety pipeline, and its opening pressure is less than the opening pressure of the large-capacity battery explosion relief part.

29. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The flue gas manifold includes a primary manifold and a secondary manifold. The primary manifold is connected to the outlet end of the battery pack assembly explosion relief manifold, and the secondary manifold is connected to each primary manifold to centrally transport the thermal runaway flue gas in each primary manifold to the flue gas treatment unit.

30. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The fire safety system also includes a secondary fire unit, which includes a fire device and a fire pipeline; the fire device contains fire extinguishing substances, and the fire pipeline is used to transport the fire extinguishing substances in the fire device to the energy storage box.

31. The energy storage device according to claim 30, characterized in that: The fire safety system also includes a three-level fire unit, which includes a fire sprinkler pipeline and at least one water mist nozzle arranged on the fire sprinkler pipeline. The inlet of the fire sprinkler pipeline is used to be connected to an external fire water pipe.

32. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The support frame includes three mounting brackets parallel to each other; each mounting bracket includes a plurality of first support beams and a plurality of second support beams; each first support beam extends along the z direction, and the plurality of first support beams are arranged along the y direction; each second support beam extends along the y direction, and the plurality of second support beams are arranged along the z direction and fixed on the first support beam; The mounting brackets are located between two second support beams in the same xy plane to form at least two battery pack assembly mounting positions arranged along the y direction; a battery pack assembly is fixed in each battery pack assembly mounting position; the battery pack assemblies located on both sides of the middle mounting bracket are electrically connected through the first electrical connection plate.

33. The energy storage device according to claim 32, characterized in that: The battery pack support frame is a rectangular frame. Rollers are provided at the bottom of the battery pack support frame relative to the two second side beams. The rollers are placed on the second support beams and are transported to the battery pack assembly installation position by sliding installation. The positioning is achieved by a limit device arranged on the mounting bracket.

34. The energy storage device according to claim 33, characterized in that The battery pack support frame includes a U-shaped frame and a first beam fixed to an open end of the U-shaped frame in a detachable connection manner; The first beam is an I-shaped steel, and the explosion-relief manifold is fixed on the inner space between the upper flange and the lower flange of the first beam.

35. The energy storage device according to claim 34, characterized in that In the z direction, two adjacent battery pack assemblies constitute a battery pack assembly unit; in each battery pack assembly unit, the battery pack support frames of the two battery pack assemblies are plugged in through a vertical support assembly, and the two battery pack assemblies on the same side have opposite polarities.

36. The energy storage device according to claim 35, characterized in that The vertical support assembly includes a plurality of first docking tubes vertically fixed to the bottom surface of the upper battery pack support frame, and a plurality of second docking tubes vertically fixed to the top surface of the lower battery pack support frame; the plurality of first docking tubes and the plurality of second docking tubes correspond one to one and are plugged into each other.

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