Experimental device for irrigating farmland soil

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of experimental devices, and discloses an experimental device for irrigating farmland soil, which comprises a sand box, a plurality of plugging pieces, a sampling bottle, a sand box upper opening and a plurality of water quality monitoring probes, any two adjacent side surfaces of the sand box are respectively provided with a sampling hole and a monitoring hole along the wall thickness direction of the sand box, the bottom of the sand box is provided with a leaching liquid collecting hole, the plurality of plugging pieces are connected in the sampling holes, the sampling bottle is positioned at the bottom of the leaching liquid collecting hole, and a bottle opening of the sampling bottle is communicated with the leaching liquid collecting hole; and the plurality of water quality monitoring probes are arranged in the monitoring holes in a one-to-one correspondence manner. According to the device, multi-dimensional monitoring and sampling of transverse and longitudinal migration are considered, the accuracy of experimental data is improved, and the authenticity of experimental results is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of experimental devices, and particularly relates to an experimental device for irrigating farmland soil. Background Art

[0002] China has a long history of agricultural irrigation. The main surface irrigation methods include border irrigation, furrow irrigation, plastic film mulching irrigation, surge irrigation and many other irrigation techniques. Micro-irrigation mainly focuses on sprinkler irrigation. However, due to the lack of high-tech, new materials and new equipment, traditional irrigation methods such as flood irrigation are still adopted in some areas. Due to the effects of wormholes and plant roots in the soil, irrigation water can directly infiltrate into the aquifer, and pollutants such as excessive chemical fertilizers and domestic sewage migrate downward from the soil surface along with the irrigation water, thus causing problems such as soil salinization and damage to the groundwater environment. At the same time, the migration and transformation of these pollutants are strongly affected by factors such as irrigation systems, meteorology, and hydrology. Therefore, it is very necessary to conduct simulation experiments on irrigation.

[0003] At present, agricultural irrigation simulation experiments usually adopt indoor migration experimental devices to simulate the downward migration ability of pollutants under irrigation, mainly a dynamic migration system of a longitudinal one-dimensional soil column. Water is poured into the soil column from above to simulate the downward migration ability of pollutants in the soil column under irrigation, and observation and sampling methods are used to obtain data on pollutant migration under soil irrigation. The flow velocity of irrigation water in existing experimental devices is generally controlled by adjusting the height of a Mariotte bottle, and a porous ceramic cup collector is used to collect soil solution.

[0004] However, the current experimental device has a soil column irrigation structure, which ignores the spatio-temporal differences of the soil during the farmland irrigation process. Because the pollutants in the soil medium not only migrate vertically under the influence of gravity, but also migrate horizontally under the influence of convection diffusion and other effects, it may lead to errors in the experimental results of monitoring and sampling, thus affecting the authenticity of the experiment. Content of the Utility Model

[0005] The utility model provides an experimental device for irrigating farmland soil. Compared with the prior art, this device considers multi-dimensional monitoring and sampling of horizontal and vertical migrations, improves the accuracy of experimental data, and ensures the authenticity of experimental results.

[0006] The utility model provides an experimental device for irrigating farmland soil, comprising: a sand box, a plurality of plugging members, a sampling bottle, an upper opening of the sand box, and a plurality of water quality monitoring probes. Each surface of the sand box is made of a transparent material. The sand box is used for filling soil medium. Sampling holes and monitoring holes are respectively formed in any two adjacent side surfaces of the sand box along the wall thickness direction of the sand box. The sampling holes and the monitoring holes are at the same height, and a plurality of sampling holes and monitoring holes are uniformly distributed vertically. A leachate collection hole is formed at the bottom of the sand box. The plurality of plugging members are detachably connected to the respective sampling holes one by one. The sampling bottle is located at the bottom of the leachate collection hole and the bottle mouth is communicated with the leachate collection hole. The plurality of water quality monitoring probes are respectively arranged in the respective monitoring holes, and the probe parts of the water quality monitoring probes extend into the sand box for contacting the soil medium.

[0007] Preferably, the soil medium is evenly divided into multiple soil medium layers, and at least two sampling holes and two monitoring holes are provided in each soil medium layer.

[0008] Preferably, the number of leachate collection holes is multiple, and the leachate collection holes are evenly distributed at the bottom of the sand box.

[0009] Preferably, an irrigation simulator is further included. The irrigation simulator is installed at the upper opening of the sand box. The irrigation simulator includes a rectangular irrigation main body. A cavity is formed inside the main body. A plurality of water outlet holes are vertically formed at the bottom of the irrigation main body and are evenly distributed. A plurality of water inlet pipes are inserted and communicated at the upper part of the irrigation main body. Each water inlet pipe is communicated with a water source through a water delivery pipe.

[0010] Preferably, a control valve is arranged on the water delivery pipe for controlling the water flow in the water delivery pipe.

[0011] Preferably, a water storage tank is communicated with one end of the water delivery pipe.

[0012] Preferably, a plurality of supporting members are arranged at the bottom of the sand box, and the height of the supporting members is greater than the height of the sampling bottle.

[0013] Preferably, the plugging member is a sealing plug or a plugging end cover.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:

[0015] The sand box provided is used to place the soil medium. Specifically, the sand box has a rectangular structure and is made of a transparent material, which is convenient for experimenters to observe the internal situation in real time. The transparent material can be transparent glass or transparent acrylic plastic. Sampling holes and monitoring holes are respectively opened in any two adjacent sides of the sand box along the wall thickness direction of the sand box. The sampling holes and monitoring holes provided on the corresponding surfaces of the sand box can not only monitor and study the state of the soil medium longitudinally along the Z-axis in real time, but also monitor and study the soil medium horizontally along the X-axis and Y-axis in the sand box, ensuring the accuracy and authenticity of the experimental results. Specifically, the monitoring holes provided can monitor the state of the irrigated water body in real time to study the impact of the soil medium on water quality under different dimensions. At the same time, the sampling holes can sample the soil medium at different dimensional positions. By detecting the pollutants in the sampled soil, the factor changes in the soil can be studied. In summary, this experimental device studies the changes of soil factors horizontally and longitudinally through two azimuth dimensions. This two-dimensional sand box device is more comprehensive than the one-dimensional soil column. This device fully considers problems such as spatio-temporal differences in farmland soil under different irrigation intensity conditions in reality, and adopts a multi-dimensional migration observation and sampling method in the horizontal and vertical directions, improving the accuracy of experimental data and ensuring the authenticity of experimental results. Description of the Drawings

[0016] Figure 1 Schematic structural diagram of an experimental device for irrigating farmland soil provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 Schematic front view structural diagram of the sand box of an experimental device for irrigating farmland soil provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 Distribution schematic diagram of each leachate collection hole in an experimental device for irrigating farmland soil provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 Distribution schematic diagram of the water outlet holes of an experimental device for irrigating farmland soil provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Description of the reference numerals:

[0021] 1. Sand box; 11. Sampling hole; 12. Monitoring hole; 13. Leachate collection hole; 2. Plugging member; 3. Sampling bottle; 4. Water quality monitoring probe; 5. Irrigation main body; 51. Water outlet hole; 6. Water inlet pipe; 7. Water delivery pipe; 8. Control valve; 9. Water storage tank; 10. Support member. Detailed Embodiment

[0022] The following will describe in detail a specific embodiment of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiment.

[0023] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the technical solution of the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0024] Referring to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 ,the present invention provides an experimental device for irrigating farmland soil, including: a sand box 1, a plurality of plugging members 2, a sampling bottle 3, an upper opening of the sand box 1, and a plurality of water quality monitoring probes 4. Each surface of the sand box 1 is made of a transparent material. The sand box 1 is used to fill the soil medium. Sampling holes 11 and monitoring holes 12 are respectively opened along the wall thickness direction of the sand box 1 on any two adjacent sides of the sand box 1. The sampling holes 11 and the monitoring holes 12 are at the same height, and a plurality of sampling holes 11 and monitoring holes 12 are evenly distributed vertically. A leachate collection hole 13 is opened at the bottom of the sand box 1. A plurality of plugging members 2 are detachably connected to each sampling hole 11 one by one. The sampling bottle 3 is located at the bottom of the leachate collection hole 13 and the bottle mouth is communicated with the leachate collection hole 13. A plurality of water quality monitoring probes 4 are arranged in each monitoring hole 12 one by one. The probe part of the water quality monitoring probe 4 extends into the sand box 1 for contacting the soil medium.

[0025] In the above embodiments, the sand box 1 is provided for placing the soil medium. Specifically, the sand box 1 has a rectangular structure and is made of a transparent material, which can facilitate the experimenter to observe the internal situation in real time. And this transparent material can be transparent glass or transparent acrylic plastic material. By opening sampling holes 11 and monitoring holes 12 respectively along the wall thickness direction of the sand box 1 on any two adjacent sides of the sand box 1, such as Figure 1As shown in the figure, preferably, the sampling holes 11 and the monitoring holes 12 are distributed on the front side and the right side of the sand box 1. Each sampling hole 11 and monitoring hole 12 provided on the corresponding surface of the sand box 1 can not only monitor and study the state of the soil medium longitudinally along the Z-axis in real time, but also monitor and study the soil medium in the transverse X-axis and Y-axis. Specifically, through the monitoring holes 12 provided, the state of the irrigated water body can be monitored in real time to study the impact of the soil medium on water quality under different dimensions. At the same time, the sampling holes 11 can sample the soil medium at different dimensional positions. By detecting the pollutants in the sampled soil, the factor changes in the soil can be studied. In summary, this experimental device studies the changes in soil factors in the transverse and longitudinal directions through two azimuth dimensions. This two-dimensional sand box 1 device is more comprehensive than the one-dimensional soil column. This device fully considers problems such as spatio-temporal differences in farmland soil under different irrigation intensity conditions in reality, and adopts a multi-dimensional migration observation and sampling method in the transverse and longitudinal directions, improving the accuracy of experimental data and ensuring the authenticity of experimental results.

[0026] Further, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the soil medium is evenly divided into multiple soil medium layers, and at least two sampling holes 11 and two monitoring holes 12 are provided in each soil medium layer.

[0027] Further, referring to Figure 3 , the number of leachate collection holes 13 is multiple, and each leachate collection hole 13 is evenly distributed at the bottom of the sand box 1.

[0028] In the above embodiments, limiting the number of leachate collection holes 13 to be multiple can improve the efficiency of leachate collection and overall improve the efficiency of the experiment.

[0029] Further, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 4 , it further includes an irrigation simulator. The irrigation simulator is installed at the upper opening of the sand box 1. The irrigation simulator includes a rectangular irrigation main body 5. A cavity is formed inside the main body. A plurality of uniformly distributed water outlet holes 51 are vertically formed at the bottom of the irrigation main body 5. A plurality of water inlet pipes 6 are inserted and communicated at the upper part of the irrigation main body 5. Each water inlet pipe 6 is connected to a water source through a water delivery pipe 7.

[0030] In the above embodiments, the circular holes at the bottom of the irrigation main body 5 in the irrigation simulator are used to control the uniform spraying of irrigation water in the filling medium. In order to facilitate the layered observation of the changes in the content of organic matter, moisture, etc. in the soil and make the experimental data more accurate, the number of water inlet pipes 6 can be one or a plurality of uniformly distributed ways.

[0031] Further, referring to Figure 1, a control valve 8 is provided on the water delivery pipe 7 for controlling the water flow in the water delivery pipe 7, and one end of the water delivery pipe 7 is communicated with a water storage tank 9.

[0032] In the above embodiments, the provided water storage tank 9 is used to convey water sources to each water inlet pipe 6 through the water delivery pipe 7, and the control valve 8 is used to adjust the water flow in the water delivery pipe 7, so as to control the irrigation amount and duration, achieve the purpose of simulating different irrigation intensities, and thus restore the oxygen replacement environment where the vadose zone is located, that is, intermittent water supply, and simulate the alternation of oxygen-rich and oxygen-deficient environments where the vadose zone is located.

[0033] Further, referring to Figure 1 , a plurality of support members 10 are provided at the bottom of the sand box 1, and the height of the support members 10 is greater than the height of the sampling bottle 3.

[0034] In the above embodiments, the support member 10 can be a support leg structure for supporting the sand box 1 so that the sand box is elevated, which can leave enough space for placing the sampling bottle 3. At the same time, to accommodate sampling bottles 3 of different sizes placed at the bottom of the sand box, the specific structure of this device is not limited.

[0035] Further, referring to Figure 1 , the plugging member 2 is a sealing plug or a plugging end cover with good sealing performance.

[0036] In summary, the invention purpose of this device is:

[0037] It can study the spatio-temporal differentiation characteristics of the influencing factors of soil pollutant migration under different irrigation systems, and at the same time, it can monitor the water quality changes at different depths in real time during the experiment.

[0038] It has the following main effects:

[0039] 1. This device fully considers the problems of spatio-temporal differences in farmland soil under different irrigation intensity conditions in reality. Specifically, this device considers multi-dimensional monitoring and sampling of horizontal and vertical migrations, improves the accuracy of experimental data, and ensures the authenticity of experimental results.

[0040] 2. This device can use multiple water quality monitoring probes 4 to monitor the change of soil solution quality in real time to ensure the accuracy of the results;

[0041] 3. By adjusting the water flow in the water delivery pipe 7 through the control valve 8, the irrigation amount and duration can be controlled to achieve the purpose of simulating different irrigation intensities, and thus restore the oxygen replacement environment where the vadose zone is located, that is, intermittent water supply;

[0042] 4. The irrigation water is evenly sprayed on the filling medium through the round holes at the bottom of the irrigation main body 5 in the irrigation simulator, making the experimental data more accurate.

[0043] The working principle of the vadose zone experimental device during irrigation includes: first, place the filled sand box 1 on the support 10, and connect the leachate collection hole 13 at the bottom of the sand box 1 to the sampling bottle 3; install the irrigation simulator on the top of the sand box 1, connect each water inlet pipe 6 on the irrigation main body 5 to the water delivery pipe 7, the other end of the water delivery pipe 7 is communicated with the water storage tank 9, the water output of the water delivery pipe 7 is controlled by the control valve 8, and the water storage tank 9 is fixed on the steel frame for support.

[0044] After the control valve 8 is opened, the irrigation main body 5 distributes water evenly on the filling medium. In order to facilitate the stratified observation of the changes in the content of organic matter, moisture, etc. in the soil, the medium in the sand box 1 is stratified artificially, with a fixed thickness of 30 cm for each layer. Then, through the two corresponding sampling holes 11 and the water quality monitoring probe 4 on each layer, the two-dimensional horizontal and vertical soil spatial differences are studied, and the irrigation intensity is controlled by adjusting the control valve 8.

[0045] The above discloses only several specific embodiments of the present utility model. However, the embodiments of the present utility model are not limited thereto, and any changes that can be conceived by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. An experimental device for irrigating farmland soil, characterized in that: include: It comprises a sand box (1) with an opening at the top, each side of the sand box (1) is made of a transparent material, the sand box (1) is used to fill soil medium, any two adjacent sides of the sand box (1) are provided with monitoring holes (12) along the wall thickness direction of the sand box (1), the sampling holes (11) are flush with the monitoring holes (12), a plurality of the sampling holes (11) and the monitoring holes (12) are evenly distributed in the vertical direction, and a leachate collection hole (13) is provided at the bottom of the sand box (1); A plurality of blocking members (2) are detachably connected to the sampling holes (11) in a one-to-one correspondence; A sampling bottle (3), located at the bottom of the leachate collection hole (13) and having a bottle mouth in communication with the leachate collection hole (13); A plurality of water quality monitoring probes (4) are arranged in correspondence with each other in the monitoring holes (12); the probe parts of the water quality monitoring probes (4) extend into the sand box (1) for contacting with the soil medium.

2. An experimental device for irrigating farmland soil as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The soil medium is evenly divided into multiple soil medium layers, and each soil medium layer is provided with at least two sampling holes (11) and two monitoring holes (12).

3. An experimental device for irrigating farmland soil as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The number of the leachate collection holes (13) is multiple, and the leachate collection holes (13) are evenly distributed at the bottom of the sand box (1).

4. An experimental device for irrigating farmland soil as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises an irrigation simulator, which is installed at the upper opening of the sand box (1). The irrigation simulator comprises a rectangular irrigation body (5), the interior of which is provided with a cavity, the bottom of the irrigation body (5) is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed water outlet holes (51) in the vertical direction, and the upper part of the irrigation body (5) is connected with a plurality of water inlet pipes (6) inserted therein, and each of the water inlet pipes (6) is connected to a water source via a water delivery pipe (7).

5. An experimental device for irrigating farmland soil as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The water delivery pipe (7) is provided with a control valve (8) for controlling the flow rate of water in the water delivery pipe (7).

6. An experimental device for irrigating farmland soil as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: One end of the water delivery pipe (7) is connected to a water storage tank (9).

7. An experimental device for irrigating farmland soil as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of support members (10) are arranged at the bottom of the sand box (1), and the height of the support members (10) is greater than the height of the sampling bottle (3).

8. An experimental device for irrigating farmland soil as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The blocking member (2) is a sealing plug or a blocking end cover.

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