Dialyzer

Abstract

The utility model discloses a dialyzer which comprises a dialyzer shell, two end covers, a hollow fiber membrane bundle and a dialyzate bypass, a dialyzate inlet and a dialyzate outlet are formed in the two ends of the side wall of the dialyzer shell respectively, the dialyzate bypass comprises a dialyzate main inlet and a dialyzate bypass inlet which are isolated from each other, and the dialyzate main inlet and the dialyzate bypass inlet are communicated with each other. The dialysate main inlet is communicated with the dialysate chamber, the dialysate bypass inlet is communicated with the dialysate bypass, and one end, far away from the dialysate inlet, of the dialysate bypass is communicated with the dialysate chamber through a hole channel. Under the condition that the total flow of dialysate is not changed, the anti-super phenomenon is reduced or even eliminated, and meanwhile the toxin removing capacity of the dialyzer is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of medical devices, and particularly relates to a dialyzer. Background Art

[0002] The dialyzer is used for hemodialysis, and hemodialysis is the main alternative treatment method for patients with end-stage renal disease. The dialyzer includes a dialyzer housing, a hollow fiber membrane bundle disposed inside the dialyzer housing, and two end caps respectively disposed at both ends of the dialyzer housing. The hollow fiber membrane bundle is composed of a plurality of hollow fiber membrane filaments. The hollow fiber membrane filaments have cavities, and the cavities of the plurality of hollow fiber membrane filaments together form a blood chamber. A dialysate chamber is formed between the hollow fiber membrane bundle and the inner wall of the dialyzer housing. A dialysate inlet and a dialysate outlet are respectively disposed at both ends of the side wall of the dialyzer housing. A blood inlet and a blood outlet are respectively disposed on the two end caps. The blood inlet and the dialysate outlet are located at one end of the dialyzer housing, and the blood outlet and the dialysate inlet are located at the other end of the dialyzer housing, that is, the flow direction of the blood in the blood chamber is opposite to the flow direction of the dialysate in the dialysate chamber.

[0003] The patient's blood is drawn out of the body by a power device, and the blood enters the blood chamber of the dialyzer through an extracorporeal circulation blood path. The retained water and toxins in the blood enter the dialysate chamber through the hollow fiber membrane filaments and are discharged out of the body along with the dialysate. There will be a pressure loss (pressure drop) when the blood flows from the blood inlet end to the outlet end. The pressure at the blood inlet end is higher than the pressure at the blood outlet end, and the flow directions of the blood and the dialysate are opposite. The dialysate inlet end corresponds to the blood outlet end. Due to the pressure loss at the blood outlet end, the pressure at the dialysate inlet end is higher than the pressure at the blood outlet end, resulting in the dialysate reversely permeating through the hollow fiber membrane filaments into the blood chamber, which is the "backfiltration" phenomenon.

[0004] The difference between the blood side pressure and the dialysate side pressure is the transmembrane pressure. The transmembrane pressure of the dialyzer changes along the direction from the blood inlet end (dialysate outlet end) to the blood outlet end (dialysate inlet end), that is, the transmembrane pressure changes from a positive value to 0 mmHg and then to a negative value. The part where the transmembrane pressure is greater than 0 mmHg indicates that the blood side pressure in the dialyzer is higher than the dialysate side pressure, and the retained water and toxins in the blood penetrate through the hollow fiber membrane filaments into the dialysate chamber under the action of positive pressure, that is, forward filtration. The transmembrane pressure of 0 mmHg indicates that the blood side pressure and the dialysate side pressure at this position are the same, and no forward filtration or "backfiltration" occurs at the position of 0 mmHg. The part where the transmembrane pressure is less than 0 mmHg indicates that the blood side pressure in the dialyzer is lower than the dialysate side pressure, and the dialysate enters the blood in the hollow fiber membrane filaments under the action of pressure, that is, the occurrence of the "backfiltration" phenomenon.

[0005] Since the current clinical practice generally fails to meet the standard of ultra-pure dialysate, pyrogens and endotoxins in the dialysate enter the patient's body, causing symptoms such as fever and allergies, endangering the patient's health. With the gradual increase in the flux of the dialyzer, this phenomenon is becoming more common. In addition, the occurrence of the "reverse ultrafiltration" phenomenon will also reduce the toxin clearance performance of the dialyzer and affect the dialysis adequacy of the patient.

[0006] Therefore, how to reduce the occurrence of the "reverse ultrafiltration" phenomenon and at the same time improve the toxin clearance performance of the dialyzer is a key problem that needs to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art. Utility Model Content

[0007] In view of this, the purpose of the present utility model is to reduce the occurrence of the "reverse ultrafiltration" phenomenon and at the same time improve the toxin clearance performance of the dialyzer.

[0008] To achieve the above purpose, the present utility model provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] A dialyzer, comprising a dialyzer housing, a hollow fiber membrane bundle located inside the dialyzer housing, and two end caps respectively arranged at both ends of the dialyzer housing. A dialysate chamber is formed between the inner wall of the dialyzer housing and the hollow fiber membrane bundle. The cavities of multiple hollow fiber membrane filaments in the hollow fiber membrane bundle form a blood chamber. A dialysate inlet and a dialysate outlet are arranged on the side wall of the dialyzer housing; a blood inlet and a blood outlet are respectively arranged on the two end caps;

[0010] It further includes a dialysate bypass. The dialysate inlet includes a mutually isolated main dialysate inlet and a bypass dialysate inlet. The main dialysate inlet is communicated with the dialysate chamber, the bypass dialysate inlet is communicated with the dialysate bypass, and the dialysate bypass is communicated with the dialysate chamber through a pore at the end far from the dialysate inlet.

[0011] Preferably, the dialysate bypass is surrounded by a side housing arranged on one side of the dialyzer housing.

[0012] Preferably, the dialysate bypass is jointly surrounded by a side housing arranged on one side of the dialyzer housing and the dialyzer housing.

[0013] Preferably, in the circumferential direction of the dialyzer housing, the side housing is in an arc shape matching the dialyzer housing.

[0014] Preferably, the dialysate inlet is connected to the dialysate bypass and the dialysate chamber through a dialysate channel, and the dialysate channel extends radially along the dialyzer shell; a partition plate is provided in the dialysate channel, and the partition plate divides the dialysate channel into a dialysate main inlet channel and a dialysate side inlet channel, the dialysate main inlet is connected to the dialysate chamber through the dialysate main inlet channel, and the dialysate side inlet is connected to the dialysate bypass through the dialysate side inlet channel.

[0015] Preferably, it also includes a sealing dust cap, which is used to seal the blood inlet, or the blood outlet, or the dialysate inlet, or the dialysate outlet, and the sealing dust cap is connected to the dialyzer housing or the end cover via a flexible connecting line.

[0016] Preferably, the flexible connection line is formed when the sealing dust cap and the dialyzer housing are integrally injection-molded; or formed when the sealing dust cap and the end cover are integrally injection-molded.

[0017] Preferably, protrusions are arranged around the circumference of the sealing dust cap, and the protrusions are multiple and spaced apart along the axial direction of the sealing dust cap.

[0018] It can be seen from the above technical scheme that in the utility model, the dialysate entering the dialysate inlet is divided into two streams, one stream enters the dialysate chamber through the main dialysate inlet, and the other stream enters the dialysate bypass through the dialysate side inlet, and finally merges into the dialysate chamber through the channel. Since the flow of the dialysate entering the dialysate chamber is reduced at the dialysate inlet end, the pressure of the dialysate chamber at the dialysate inlet end is reduced. Since the blood flow direction is opposite to the dialysate flow direction, the dialysate inlet and the blood outlet are located at the same end of the dialyzer housing, the pressure at the dialysate inlet end in the utility model is reduced, so the transmembrane pressure between the blood outlet end and the dialysate inlet end is increased, that is, the 0mmHg point of the transmembrane pressure of the blood will move downstream along the blood flow direction relative to the 0mmHg point in the prior art, thereby reducing or even eliminating the "overtaking" phenomenon and avoiding harm to the health of the patient.

[0019] The dialysate flows in opposite directions to the blood, and the dialysate diverted to the dialysate bypass will flow into the dialysate chamber through the orifice, so that the dialysate chamber has sufficient dialysate in the orifice and downstream of the orifice, thereby ensuring that the blood in the corresponding section (upstream section) of the blood chamber is fully dialyzed. In the downstream section of the blood chamber, since the 0 mmHg point, i.e., the reverse point, moves downstream along the flow direction of the blood, the positive membrane pressure distance of the downstream section of the blood chamber is longer, and more water and toxins in the blood enter the dialysate chamber under the action of positive pressure, so the dialyzer in the utility model has a higher removal capacity. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only the embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on the provided drawings.

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the dialyzer disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a cross-sectional view of;

[0023] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dialysate bypass disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sealing dust cap disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 It is a comparison diagram of the transmembrane pressure between the conventional dialyzer and the dialyzer of the present invention disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 It is a comparison table diagram of the clearance rate between the dialyzer of the present invention and the conventional dialyzer disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Among them, the names of each component are as follows:

[0028] 1 - Dialyzer housing, 2 - End cap, 3 - Hollow fiber membrane filaments, 4 - Sealant, 5 - Dialysate inlet, 501 - Main dialysate inlet, 502 - Side dialysate inlet, 6 - Partition plate, 7 - Main dialysate inlet channel, 8 - Side dialysate inlet channel, 9 - Dialysate bypass, 10 - Channel, 11 - Dialysate outlet, 12 - Sealing dust cap, 13 - Protrusion, 14 - Blood inlet, 15 - Blood outlet, 16 - Side housing, 17 - Flexible connecting line. Detailed Embodiments

[0029] In view of this, the core of the present invention is to reduce the occurrence of the "backfiltration" phenomenon and at the same time improve the toxin clearance performance of the dialyzer.

[0030] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 - attachedFigure 4 , the present utility model discloses a dialyzer, which comprises a dialyzer housing 1, two end caps 2 and a plurality of hollow fiber filaments 3. A plurality of hollow fiber filaments 3 form a hollow fiber membrane bundle located in the dialyzer housing 1. The cavities of the hollow fiber filaments 3 are used for blood circulation. Therefore, the cavities of the plurality of hollow fiber filaments 3 constitute the blood chamber. Between the hollow fiber membrane bundle and the inner wall of the dialyzer housing 1, that is, between the hollow fiber filaments 3, and between the hollow fiber filaments 3 and the inner wall of the dialyzer housing 1, a dialysate chamber is formed. The two end caps 2 are respectively arranged at both ends of the dialyzer housing 1, and are respectively provided with a blood inlet 14 and a blood outlet 15. The two ends of the side wall of the dialyzer housing 1 are respectively provided with a dialysate inlet 5 and a dialysate outlet 11. The blood inlet 14 and the dialysate outlet 11 are located at one end of the dialyzer housing 1, and the blood outlet 15 and the dialysate inlet 5 are located at the other end of the dialyzer housing 1, that is, the blood flow direction in the blood chamber is opposite to the dialysate flow direction in the dialysate chamber.

[0032] The dialyzer in the present utility model further comprises a dialysate bypass 9. The dialysate inlet 5 comprises a main dialysate inlet 501 and a bypass dialysate inlet 502. The main dialysate inlet 501 and the bypass dialysate inlet 502 are isolated from each other. The main dialysate inlet 501 is communicated with the dialysate chamber in the dialyzer housing 1; the bypass dialysate inlet 502 is communicated with the dialysate bypass 9. One end of the dialysate bypass 9 away from the dialysate inlet 5 is communicated with the dialysate chamber through a channel 10.

[0033] In the present utility model, the dialysate entering the dialysate inlet 5 is divided into two streams. One stream enters the dialysate chamber through the main dialysate inlet 501, and the other stream enters the dialysate bypass 9 through the bypass dialysate inlet 502 and finally converges into the dialysate chamber through the channel 10. Since at the dialysate inlet 5 end, the flow rate of the dialysate entering the dialysate chamber is reduced, the pressure at the dialysate inlet 5 end of the dialysate chamber is reduced. Since the blood flow direction is opposite to the dialysate flow direction, and the dialysate inlet 5 and the blood outlet 15 are located at the same end of the dialyzer housing 1, the pressure at the dialysate inlet 5 end in the present utility model is reduced. Therefore, the transmembrane pressure between the blood outlet 15 end and the dialysate inlet 5 end is increased, that is, the 0 mmHg point of the blood transmembrane pressure will shift downstream along the blood flow direction relative to the 0 mmHg point in the prior art, thereby reducing or even eliminating the "reverse ultrafiltration" phenomenon and avoiding harm to the health of patients.

[0034] The flow direction of the dialysate is opposite to that of the blood. The dialysate shunted into the dialysate bypass 9 will flow into the dialysate chamber through the pore 10. In this way, there is sufficient dialysate in the dialysate chamber at the pore 10 and downstream of the pore 10, so as to ensure that the blood in the corresponding section (upstream section) of the blood chamber is fully dialyzed. In the downstream section of the blood chamber, due to the 0 mmHg point, that is, the reverse ultrafiltration point, moving downstream along the blood flow direction, the distance of the positive membrane pressure in the downstream section of the blood chamber is longer, and more water and toxins in the blood enter the dialysate chamber under the action of the positive pressure. Therefore, the dialyzer in the present utility model has a high clearance capacity.

[0035] It should be noted that: the "upstream section" and "downstream section" mentioned in the present utility model are based on the flow direction of the liquid (blood or dialysate). The position of the pore 10 needs to ensure that after the dialysate flows into the dialysate chamber through the pore 10, the membrane pressure of the dialysate in the dialysate chamber at the pore 10 and downstream of the pore 10 is less than the membrane pressure of the blood in the corresponding section (upstream section) of the blood chamber.

[0036] The present utility model reduces or even eliminates the "reverse ultrafiltration" phenomenon without changing the total flow rate of the dialysate, and at the same time improves the clearance capacity of the dialyzer.

[0037] The hollow fiber membrane filaments 3 are made of a polymer material, and the membrane wall of the hollow fiber membrane filaments 3 contains a plurality of nanoscale micropores for substances to pass through. During dialysis, water and toxins in the blood enter the dialysate through the micropores.

[0038] In a specific embodiment of the present utility model, the dialysate bypass 9 is formed by a side housing 16 provided on one side of the dialyzer housing 1, that is, the inner cavity of the side housing 16 is the dialysate bypass 9. The side housing 16 can be specifically connected to one side of the dialyzer housing 1 by means of a connector or bonding. In this way, the dialyzer housing 1 and the side housing 16 can be processed separately and then connected.

[0039] In another specific embodiment of the present utility model, the dialysate bypass 9 is jointly formed by a side housing 16 provided on one side of the dialyzer housing 1 and the corresponding part of the dialyzer housing 1. In this embodiment, the dialyzer housing 1 and the side housing 16 are integrally injection-molded. The way that the side housing 16 and the dialyzer housing 1 jointly form the dialysate bypass 9 reduces the material cost of the side housing 16 compared with the way that the side housing 16 alone forms the dialysate bypass 9.

[0040] The side housing 16 extends axially on the dialyzer housing 1, and at the same time, the side housing 16 also extends circumferentially on the dialyzer housing 1, and the side housing 16 is arc-shaped matching the dialyzer housing 1 in the circumferential direction of the dialyzer housing 1. In this way, the smoothness of the dialysate flow in the dialysate bypass 9 can be ensured.

[0041] In a specific embodiment of the present utility model, the arc length of the side housing 16 in the circumferential direction of the dialyzer housing 1 approximately accounts for 1 / 3 of the circumference of the dialyzer housing 1. The length of the side housing 16 in the axial direction of the dialyzer housing 1 accounts for 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the total length of the dialyzer housing 1. The diameter range of the pore channel 10 for connecting the dialysate bypass 9 and the dialysate chamber is 5 mm to 1 cm.

[0042] The dialysate inlet 5 is separated by a partition plate 6 disposed within the dialysate inlet 5 into a main dialysate inlet 501 and a bypass dialysate inlet 502. Specifically, the dialysate inlet 5 extends along the radial direction of the dialyzer housing 1 to form a section of dialysate channel. The dialysate inlet 5 communicates with the dialysate bypass 9 and the dialysate chamber through the dialysate channel. The partition plate 6 extends along the radial direction of the dialyzer housing 1, separating the dialysate channel into a main dialysate inlet channel 7 and a bypass dialysate inlet channel 8. The main dialysate inlet 501 communicates with the dialysate chamber through the main dialysate inlet channel 7, and the bypass dialysate inlet 502 communicates with the dialysate bypass 9 through the bypass dialysate inlet channel 8.

[0043] The dialysate channel extending along the radial direction of the dialyzer housing 1 is conducive to connection with external pipelines. Additionally, the main dialysate inlet 501 and the bypass dialysate inlet 502 share the dialysate inlet 5. When blocking the main dialysate inlet 501 and the bypass dialysate inlet 502, only one blocking member is needed to block the dialysate inlet 5.

[0044] In a specific embodiment of the present utility model, the cross-sectional area of the main dialysate inlet 501 accounts for 1 / 5 of the cross-sectional area of the dialysate inlet 5, and the cross-sectional area of the bypass dialysate inlet 502 accounts for 4 / 5 of the cross-sectional area of the dialysate inlet 5.

[0045] As described above, the two end caps 2 are respectively provided at both ends of the dialyzer housing 1, and the hollow fiber membrane bundle is disposed within the dialyzer housing 1. Specifically, both ends of the hollow fiber membrane bundle are sealed at both ends of the dialyzer housing 1 by a sealant 4. The end cap 2 is provided with a blood inlet 14 or a blood outlet 15. Blood enters the end cap 2 through the blood inlet 14. Since the sealant is filled between the hollow fiber membrane bundle and the port of the dialyzer housing 1, the blood entering through the blood inlet 14 can only flow into the inner cavity of the hollow fiber membrane filaments 3, that is, can only flow into the blood chamber. The blood flowing out of the inner cavity of the hollow fiber membrane filaments 3, or the blood flowing out of the blood chamber, can only flow out through the blood outlet 15 on the end cap 2.

[0046] During sterilization or transportation, the blood inlet 14, blood outlet 15, dialysate inlet 5, and dialysate outlet 11 need to be blocked by the sealing dust cap 12. However, during sterilization or transportation, there is a risk that the sealing dust cap 12 may loosen and fall off. In addition, medical staff need to place the dust cap in a specific storage container after removing it, which increases the labor intensity of medical staff. Therefore, in a specific embodiment of the present utility model, it is defined that the sealing dust cap 12 is connected to the dialyzer housing 1 or the end cap 2 through a flexible connecting line 17. One end of the flexible connecting line 17 is connected to the dialyzer housing 1 or the end cap 2, and the other end is connected to the sealing dust cap 12. During sterilization or transportation, even if the sealing dust cap 12 loosens, the sealing dust cap 12 will still be connected to the dialyzer housing 1 or the end cap 2 through the flexible connecting line 17 and will not completely fall off from the dialyzer housing 1 or the end cap 2. In addition, after the medical staff removes the sealing dust cap 12, there is no need to place the sealing dust cap 12 in a specific storage container, thereby reducing the labor intensity of medical staff.

[0047] The flexible connecting line 17 is formed during injection molding. Specifically, the sealing dust cap 12 for blocking the blood inlet 14 or the blood outlet 15 is integrally injection molded with the corresponding end cap 2, and the corresponding flexible connecting line 17 is formed during the injection molding process. The sealing dust cap 12 for blocking the dialysate inlet 5 or the dialysate outlet 11 is integrally injection molded with the main dialyzer housing 1, and the corresponding flexible connecting line 17 is formed during the injection molding process.

[0048] In a specific embodiment of the present utility model, a protrusion 13 is provided on the sealing dust cap 12, and the protrusion 13 is arranged in a circumferential direction around the sealing dust cap 12. There are multiple protrusions 13, and the multiple protrusions 13 are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the sealing dust cap 12. The protrusion 13 can increase the friction force between the hand and the sealing dust cap 12, which is beneficial for medical staff to twist the sealing dust cap 12.

[0049] Please refer to the attached Figure 5 , the transmembrane pressure changes of the dialyzer of the present utility model and the conventional dialyzer along the blood flow direction were tested. The point where the transmembrane pressure of the conventional dialyzer is 0 mmHg is approximately in the middle position of the dialyzer, that is, the transmembrane pressure from the middle of the conventional dialyzer to the dialysate inlet 5 is negative, and a large amount of dialysate in this part enters the blood under the action of negative pressure, affecting the prognosis of the patient. The point where the transmembrane pressure of the dialyzer of the present utility model is 0 mmHg significantly shifts towards the dialysate inlet 5 end, or towards the blood outlet end, that is, the area with negative transmembrane pressure in the dialyzer decreases, effectively reducing the occurrence of "reverse ultrafiltration" and reducing the risk of substances such as pyrogens and endotoxins in the dialysate entering the blood.

[0050] Please refer to Figure 6, the clearance performance of small and medium molecules of the hemodialyzer of the present utility model and a conventional hemodialyzer was tested. The clearance performance of small and medium molecule toxins (urea, creatinine, phosphate, and VB12) of the conventional hemodialyzer and the hemodialyzer of the present utility model was tested respectively in accordance with the standard "YY0053-2016 Hemodialysis and Related Treatments - Hemodialyzers, Hemodiafiltration Filters, Hemofiltration Filters, and Hemoconcentrators". The test conditions were a blood flow rate of 200 mL / min and a dialysate flow rate of 500 mL / min. The clearance performance of the hemodialyzer of the present utility model for urea was increased by 5.52% compared with the conventional hemodialyzer, the clearance performance for creatinine was increased by 8.00%, the clearance performance for phosphate was increased by 6.88%, and the clearance performance for VB12 was increased by 6.02%. The hemodialyzer of the present utility model can significantly improve the toxin clearance ability and help improve the dialysis adequacy of patients.

[0051] Unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", and "coupling" shall be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0052] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present utility model. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present utility model. Therefore, the present utility model will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but rather will be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A dialyzer, comprising a dialyzer housing (1), a hollow fiber membrane bundle located in the dialyzer housing (1), and two end caps (2) respectively arranged at both ends of the dialyzer housing (1), a dialysate chamber is formed between the inner wall of the dialyzer housing (1) and the hollow fiber membrane bundle, the cavities of a plurality of hollow fiber membrane filaments (3) in the hollow fiber membrane bundle constitute a blood chamber, a dialysate inlet (5) and a dialysate outlet (11) are arranged on the side wall of the dialyzer housing (1); and a blood inlet (14) and a blood outlet (15) are respectively arranged on the two end caps (2); It is characterized in that The dialysate inlet (5) includes a dialysate main inlet (501) and a dialysate side inlet (502) which are isolated from each other. The dialysate main inlet (501) is connected to the dialysate chamber, and the dialysate side inlet (502) is connected to the dialysate bypass (9). The dialysate bypass (9) is connected to the dialysate chamber through a channel (10) at one end away from the dialysate inlet (5).

2. The dialyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that The dialysate bypass (9) is surrounded by a bypass housing (16) arranged on one side of the dialyzer housing (1).

3. The dialyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that The dialysate bypass (9) is formed by a bypass housing (16) disposed on one side of the dialyzer housing (1) and the dialyzer housing (1).

4. The dialyzer according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: In the circumferential direction of the dialyzer housing (1), the side housing (16) is in an arc shape matching the dialyzer housing (1).

5. The dialyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that The dialysate inlet (5) is in communication with the dialysate bypass (9) and the dialysate chamber via a dialysate channel, and the dialysate channel extends radially along the dialyzer housing (1); A partition plate (6) is provided in the dialysate channel, and the partition plate (6) divides the dialysate channel into a dialysate main inlet channel (7) and a dialysate side inlet channel (8). The dialysate main inlet (501) is connected to the dialysate chamber through the dialysate main inlet channel (7), and the dialysate side inlet (502) is connected to the dialysate bypass (9) through the dialysate side inlet channel (8).

6. The dialyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that The invention also comprises a sealing dust cap (12), wherein the sealing dust cap (12) is used to seal the blood inlet (14), or the blood outlet (15), or the dialysate inlet (5), or the dialysate outlet (11), and the sealing dust cap (12) is connected to the dialyzer housing (1) or the end cover (2) via a flexible connecting line (17).

7. The dialyzer according to claim 6, characterized in that The flexible connection line (17) is formed when the sealing dust cap (12) and the dialyzer housing (1) are integrally injection-molded; or when the sealing dust cap (12) and the end cover (2) are integrally injection-molded.

8. The dialyzer according to claim 6, characterized in that A protrusion (13) is arranged around the circumference of the sealing dust cap (12), and the protrusion (13) is a plurality of protrusions (13) arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the sealing dust cap (12).

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