Multi-stage treatment layered dewatering and drying incinerator

Abstract

The utility model discloses a multi-stage treatment layered dewatering and drying incinerator which comprises an incinerator body, the incinerator body comprises a refractory brick layer, and an air supply and outlet wall is formed in the middle of the incinerator body. The furnace body is sequentially provided with a heating rapid dehydration area, a high-temperature drying area, a bottom oxygen carbonization area and a high-temperature combustion area from top to bottom; first cavities are formed in the positions, corresponding to the high-temperature combustion area, of the furnace body and the air supply and outlet wall, the first cavities communicate with air supply pipelines, and a plurality of air supply holes communicating the first cavities with the interior of the furnace body are formed in the furnace body and the air supply and outlet wall. According to the utility model, the garbage is preheated and dehumidified, so that the garbage can be carbonized to form combustible gas in subsequent carbonization, and residual materials can be completely combusted in a high-temperature combustion area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of machinery, in particular to a multi-stage processing layered dehydration drying incinerator. Background Art

[0002] The incineration of complex and diverse domestic waste with high moisture content is a very troublesome thing. At present, the scheme of using heat energy from waste incineration to generate electricity is gradually increasing in my country, but most of them can only use diesel, natural gas or coal furnaces to drive waste incineration. Although this method burns the garbage, the construction of such a furnace requires a large investment scale and complex process, and it consumes a large amount of high-quality energy. In addition, a large amount of harmful substances are generated during the combustion process and discharged into the atmosphere, causing secondary pollution.

[0003] Moreover, domestic garbage is not fuel, so it is hard to burn garbage. Generally, when designing a garbage incinerator, it must be of a certain scale. A locomotive or more than a dozen trucks of garbage can be poured into a furnace at one time. A large amount of dry firewood must be put in the first ignition. These dry firewoods dry up the upper garbage during the combustion process. The firewood burning process often needs to be burned slowly, and the burning time must be at least 24-40 hours, so that the upper layer of water-containing garbage can be fully dried and pre-connected or burned. When the firewood is burned out, the temperature in the furnace is already very high, and it can be added again. However, it is difficult to stabilize the combustion of garbage after it is connected to the fire. The garbage burns faster at high temperatures when the furnace temperature is high, and slower at the opposite.

[0004] In this case, the biggest challenge in designing an incinerator is to consider the following key issues: 1. The furnace body must be resistant to high temperatures and not be burned or deformed; 2. The problem of micro-ventilation in the furnace body to assist combustion must be considered; 3. The furnace body must maintain a high temperature to allow it to burn smoothly; 4. The furnace body must also be protected from corrosion.

[0005] Therefore, furnace body manufacturing has become the biggest problem in the industry. All manufacturers use steel plates and steel pipes as water-cooled walls to cool the furnace body and prevent it from being burned. Some manufacturers also add castables (such as coatings such as refractory cement) to prevent steel from being corroded. But the problem is that water will lower the furnace temperature and hinder the combustion effect. Without water, the furnace body has no guarantee to prevent it from being burned, so a constant temperature balance pipe can only be installed in the combustion center area to ensure the high temperature balance of the combustion chamber. However, the balance pipe must be made of high temperature resistant materials, so the balance pipe accounts for a large proportion of the investment in the consumable equipment, and it still cannot be guaranteed not to be burned.

[0006] But the problem is that some furnaces that burn pure garbage have extremely poor combustion efficiency, especially when it comes to garbage with a high water content. Flue gas emissions are even more difficult. Currently, the failure rate of this type of furnace is very high, especially small-sized furnaces. Utility Model Content

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the utility model proposes a multi-stage treatment stratified dehydration drying incinerator.

[0008] The purpose of the utility model is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0009] A multi-stage treatment stratified dehydration drying incinerator, including a furnace body, the furnace body includes a refractory brick layer, and an air supply and outlet wall body is formed in the middle of the furnace body; the furnace body is successively formed with a heating and rapid dehydration area, a high-temperature drying area, a bottom oxygen carbonization area, and a high-temperature combustion area from top to bottom; first cavities are formed in both the furnace body and the air supply and outlet wall body corresponding to the position of the high-temperature combustion area, the first cavities are connected with a gas supply pipeline, and a number of air supply holes for connecting the first cavities with the inside of the furnace body are formed on both the furnace body and the air supply and outlet wall body;

[0010] Second cavities are formed in both the furnace body and the air supply and outlet wall body corresponding to the position of the bottom oxygen carbonization area, the second cavities are connected with a gas collection pipeline, and a number of first air outlet holes for connecting the second cavities with the inside of the furnace body are formed on both the furnace body and the air supply and outlet wall body;

[0011] Third cavities are formed in both the furnace body and the air supply and outlet wall body corresponding to the position of the high-temperature drying area, the third cavities are connected with the gas collection pipeline through a dehumidification structure, and a number of second air outlet holes for connecting the third cavities with the inside of the furnace body are formed on both the furnace body and the air supply and outlet wall body; the first cavities, the second cavities, and the third cavities are all completely partitioned and arranged.

[0012] Further improvement, the refractory brick layer is wrapped with a heat insulation layer.

[0013] Further improvement, the dehumidification structure is an industrial dehumidifier.

[0014] Further improvement, a preheating water evaporation cage body is arranged at the top of the furnace body, and a pull-out gate is arranged at the bottom of the preheating water evaporation cage body.

[0015] Further improvement, a conical inclined surface is formed on the furnace body below the second air outlet hole.

[0016] Further improvement, an automatic discharger is arranged on one side of the bottom of the furnace body.

[0017] Further improvement, the automatic discharger is a screw feeder.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:

[0019] 1. The utility model sets a first cavity for air intake in the high-temperature combustion area at high temperature, so that the incoming air can not only preset to absorb heat, but also effectively block the transfer of heat energy outward, so it can effectively protect the support structure (such as steel frames, etc.) of the furnace body outside the cavity.

[0020] 2. The utility model preheats and dehumidifies garbage, so as to ensure that it can be carbonized to form combustible gas during subsequent carbonization, and the residual materials can be completely burned in the high-temperature combustion zone. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The present utility model will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the content in the drawings does not constitute any limitation to the present utility model.

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic longitudinal sectional structure view of the present utility model. SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS

[0023] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the utility model more clear and understandable, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0024] Embodiment 1

[0025] As Figure 1 shown, a multi-stage treatment layered dehydration drying and incineration furnace includes a furnace body 1, a refractory brick layer 2, a heating and rapid dehydration area 21, a high-temperature drying area 22, a bottom oxygen carbonization area 23, a high-temperature combustion area 24, a supply air and outlet wall body 3, a first cavity 4, a gas supply pipeline 5, an air supply hole 6, a second cavity 7, a first air outlet hole 8, a third cavity 9, a second air outlet hole 10, a preheating water evaporation cage body 11, and a drawable gate 12.

[0026] The main function of the present utility model is to dry and carbonize garbage to form combustible gas, and then collect the combustible gas for subsequent combustion power generation, etc., so as to avoid unstable firepower during garbage combustion.

[0027] Specifically, the furnace body 1 of the present utility model sequentially forms a rapid heating and dehydration area 21, a high-temperature drying area 22, a bottom oxygen carbonization area 23, and a high-temperature combustion area 24 from top to bottom. And an air supply and outlet wall body 3 that longitudinally partitions the furnace body 1 is arranged inside the furnace body 1, and a first cavity 4, a second cavity 7, and a third cavity 9 are sequentially arranged from bottom to top inside the furnace body 1 and the air supply and outlet wall body 3. The first cavity 4, the second cavity 7, and the third cavity 9 are sequentially communicated with the inside of the furnace body 1 through an air supply hole 6, a first air outlet hole 8, and a second air outlet hole 10. The first cavity 4 is communicated with a gas supply pipeline 5 to supply gas to the inside of the furnace body. At the same time, the air absorbs heat when passing through the first cavity 4 to achieve preheating and protect the external structure of the furnace body. The air enters the high-temperature combustion area 24 for combustion, and then the heat carbonizes and dry-distills the garbage in the bottom oxygen carbonization area 23 to form combustible gas. The combustible gas enters the second cavity 7 through the first air outlet hole 8, and then directly enters a gas combustion furnace or is collected and then enters the gas combustion furnace as a stable combustible for power generation, boiler burning, etc. The remaining hot air rises to dry the garbage in the high-temperature drying area 22 to dehydrate the garbage in the rapid heating and dehydration area 21. The gas therein contains a large amount of moisture, so it needs to be collected after passing through a water removal device such as an industrial dehumidifier for combustion.

[0028] Furthermore, a preheated water evaporation cage body 11 is arranged at the top of the furnace body 1 to further perform preset water removal on the garbage. A pull-out gate 12 is arranged at the bottom of the preheated water evaporation cage body 10 to facilitate the falling of the garbage. An automatic discharger, such as a screw feeder, etc., is arranged on one side of the bottom of the furnace body 1 to automatically discharge the garbage that has burned into ash.

[0029] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present utility model rather than to limit the protection scope of the present utility model. Although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present utility model can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solutions of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A multi-stage treatment layered dehydration and drying incinerator, comprising a furnace body, wherein the furnace body (1) comprises a refractory brick layer (2), and an air supply and air outlet wall (3) is formed in the middle of the furnace body (1); the furnace body (1) is formed with a heating rapid dehydration zone (21), a high-temperature drying zone (22), a bottom oxygen carbonization zone (23) and a high-temperature combustion zone (24) in sequence from top to bottom; characterized in that: A first cavity (4) is formed in the furnace body (1) and the air supply and outlet wall (3) at the position corresponding to the high-temperature combustion zone (24); the first cavity (4) is connected to an air supply pipeline (5); and a plurality of air supply holes (6) are formed on the furnace body (1) and the air supply and outlet wall (3) to connect the first cavity (4) with the interior of the furnace body (1); A second cavity (7) is formed in the furnace body (1) and the air supply and outlet wall (3) at the position corresponding to the bottom oxygen carbonization zone (23); the second cavity (7) is connected to a fuel gas collection pipeline, and a plurality of first outlet holes (8) are formed on the furnace body (1) and the air supply and outlet wall (3) to connect the second cavity (7) with the interior of the furnace body (1); A third cavity (9) is formed in the furnace body (1) and the air supply and outlet wall (3) corresponding to the position of the high-temperature drying zone (22); the third cavity (9) is connected to the fuel gas collection pipeline through a dehumidification structure; a plurality of second air outlet holes (10) are formed on the furnace body (1) and the air supply and outlet wall (3) to connect the third cavity (9) with the interior of the furnace body (1); and the first cavity (4), the second cavity (7) and the third cavity (9) are all completely isolated.

2. The multi-stage treatment layered dehydration drying incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The refractory brick layer (2) is wrapped with a thermal insulation layer.

3. The multi-stage treatment layered dehydration and drying incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dehumidification structure is an industrial dehumidifier.

4. The multi-stage treatment layered dehydration and drying incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: A preheated water vaporization cage (11) is arranged on the top of the furnace body (1), and a pull-out gate (12) is arranged on the bottom of the preheated water vaporization cage (11).

5. The multi-stage treatment layered dehydration drying incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The furnace body (1) below the second air outlet (10) forms a conical inclined surface.

6. The multi-stage treatment layered dehydration drying incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: An automatic discharger is arranged on one side of the bottom of the furnace body (1).

7. The multi-stage treatment layered dehydration drying incinerator according to claim 6, characterized in that: The automatic discharging device is a screw feeder.

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